Resumo Introdução: O equilíbrio estético da face resulta de proporções faciais harmônicas e simétricas. A literatura descreve vários métodos de análise do terço inferior da face, mas carece de um método simples e prático. Objetivo: Revisar os métodos de análise da projeção ideal do mento baseadas em tecidos moles, mostrando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um. Método: Revisão da literatura através da base de dados Pubmed. Resultados: Os seguintes métodos para análise do mento baseada em partes moles são revisados: Gonzalles-Ulloa, Goode, Merrifield, Silver, Legan, Gibson & Calhoun, ângulo cervicomentual e ângulo mentocervical. Conclusão: A análise adequada das proporções da face e desarmonia facial faz-se essencial para a correta indicação dos procedimentos necessários e bom resultado cirúrgico. Propomos um algoritmo para facilitar indicação de avanço de mento.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The esthetic balance of the face results from harmonic and symmetrical facial proportions. The literature describes several methods for lower-third facial analysis, but lacks a simple and practical method. OBJECTIVE: To review the methods of analysis of the ideal projections of the chin based on soft tissues, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each. METHODS: Literature review through the PubMed database. RESULTS: The following methods for chin analysis based on soft tissues were reviewed: Gonzalles-Ulloa, Goode, Merrifield, Silver, Legan, Gibson & Calhoun, cervicomentual angle, and mentocervical angle. CONCLUSION: An adequate analysis of the proportions of the face and facial disharmony is essential for the correct indication of the necessary procedures and good surgical outcome. The authors propose an algorithm to facilitate the indication for chin augmentation surgery.

Abstract Introduction The diode laser has been frequently used in the management of laryngeal disorders. The portability and functional diversity of this tool make it a reasonable alternative to conventional lasers. However, whether diode laser has been applied in transoral laser microsurgery, the ideal parameters, outcomes, and adverse effects remain unclear. Objective The main objective of this systematic review is to provide a reliable evaluation of the use of diode laser in laryngeal diseases, trying to clarify its ideal parameters in the larynx, as well as its outcomes and complications. Data Synthesis We included eleven studies in the final analysis. From the included articles, we collected data on patient and lesion characteristics, treatment (diode laser's parameters used in surgery), and outcomes related to the laser surgery performed. Only two studies were prospective and there were no randomized controlled trials. Most of the evidence suggests that the diode laser can be a useful tool for treatment of different pathologies in the larynx. In this sense, the parameters must be set depending on the goal (vaporization, section, or coagulation) and the clinical problem. Conclusion: The literature lacks studies on the ideal parameters of the diode laser in laryngeal surgery. The available data indicate that diode laser is a useful tool that should be considered in laryngeal surgeries. Thus, large, well-designed studies correlated with diode compared with other lasers are needed to better estimate its effects.

OBJETIVO: Investigar o conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis por crianças matriculadas no ensino fundamental sobre a violência infantil e identificar a sua postura em relação à educação de seus filhos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário, que abordava questões sobre violência infantil e práticas educativas, respondido pelos pais/responsáveis de alunos matriculados em uma escola pública e, em outra particular, em Catanduva, São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Foram aplicados 1.429 questionários na escola pública e 256 na particular, havendo retorno de, respectivamente, 670 (47%) e 115 (45%) deles. As respostas foram (particular/pública): 1) não aceitam que educadores punam com castigos físicos (99/96%); 2) chamam atenção dos filhos diante de comportamento inadequado (90/92%); 3) discordam que "palmada" prepara a criança para a vida (80/66%); 4) acham incorreto repreender os filhos na frente de outros (87/73%); 5) concordam que "tapas/palmadas" prejudicam o relacionamento pais/filhos (59/57%); 6) concordam que conversar sobre "erros" faz parte da educação (97/91%); 7) concordam que "xingar" causa danos à criança (81/60%); 8) acham que "medo" não significa "respeito" (86/57%); 9) concordam que "criança não esquece fácil"(92/79%); 10) concordam com a notificação de violência infantil (93/90%); 11) preocupam-se com a violência na casa alheia (51/30%); 12) sabem que agressões domésticas podem levar à morte (97/94%); 13) consideram baixa a violência em seus lares (89/86%). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para as respostas às questões 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 e 11 (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Os entrevistados demonstraram conhecimento satisfatório sobre violência infantil, embora os da escola pública tenham apresentado pior desempenho nas questões relacionadas à educação familiar.

OBJECTIVE: To study the knowledge about domestic violence of parents and caregivers of children enrolled in elementary schools, and to identify how they deal with this subject in their children education. METHODS: This descriptive study used a questionnaire about child abuse and educational practices applied to parents/caregivers of children from one public and one private school in Catanduva, São Paulo State, Brazil. RESULTS: The questionnaires were sent to caregivers in the public school and (1429) and private school (256), and they were answered respectively by 670 (47%) and 115 (45%) of them. The answers were (private/public school): 1) do not approve physical punishment by educators (99/96%); 2) draw the attention of children to bad behavior (90/92%); 3) disagree that "slapping" prepares for life (80/66%); 4) agree that it is wrong to reprimand children in front of others (87/73%); 5) agree that "slaps/smacks" affect the relationship between parents and children (59/57%); 6) talk about "mistakes" as a part of education (97/91%); 7) agree that "insulting" causes damage to a child (81/60%); 8) think that "fear" is not the same as "respect" (86/57%); 9) agree that a "child does not forget easily" (92/79%); 10) agree with child abuse notification (93/90%); 11) worry about violence in someone else's house (51/30%); 12) know that domestic violence may kill (97/94%); 13) consider the violence level in their homes low (89/86%). There were diferences between schools regarding questions 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 11 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers of children attending elementary schools are aware of the main concepts regarding child abuse, although participants from the public school presented a worse performance regarding educational questions.