ABSTRACT This article seeks to reconstitute the ways in which the monjolo, an oriental hydraulic hammer brought to Brazil during the colonial period, was elected as symbol of the paulista identity by artists and men of letter between late 19th and early 20th century. As well as its incorporation by historical studies and museums. The articles also focus on how such artifacts was exposed in the São Paulo museums since its understand that musealization constituted a pivotal moment in this development. The cases here studied are the collections of the Museu Paulista, the Casa do Bandeirante museum and the commemorative exhibitions of the 4th centenary of the São Paulo city.

RESUMO O artigo busca reconstituir a construção do monjolo, maquinismo de origem oriental trazido ao Brasil durante o período colonial como signo da identidade cultural de São Paulo por artistas e literatos entre o fim do séc. XIX e o início do séc. XX e a sua posterior incorporação pelo discurso historiográfico e museológico. O artigo focaliza, em especial, nos modos como tais artefatos foram agenciados nos museus da cidade de São Paulo por entender que a musealização constituiu momentos decisivos desse percurso. São abordados os casos dos acervos e exposições do Museu Paulista, da Casa do Bandeirante e das exposições comemorativas do IV centenário da cidade de São Paulo.

ABSTRACT Climatic factors can decisively influence the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. For unconventional vegetables, such as the Amazon chicory, the influence of sunlight on growing cycle is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of shading levels on the productive performance of Amazon chicory. The authors used a randomized block design, with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were black polypropylene screens, 30, 50 and 70% shading, and cultivation at full sunlight. Vegetative development and production traits were evaluated. Correlation and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed with the aid of the computer program R. No significant difference between the shading levels for the evaluated traits was noticed. Nevertheless, the cultivation at full sunlight allowed an increase in production, compared to the 70% shading screen. A strong positive correlation between productivity, leaf fresh mass and amount of water in the shoot area was verified, with a coefficient equal to 1. Only the leaf area characteristic was poorly correlated with other traits (angle >90º). Therefore, we suggest growing the Amazon chicory both at full sunlight and under 70% shading.

RESUMO Fatores climáticos podem influenciar de modo decisivo no crescimento e produtividade de culturas agrícolas. Para hortaliças não convencionais, como a chicória da Amazônia, é desconhecido a influência da luz solar em seu ciclo de cultivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de níveis de sombreamento no desempenho produtivo de chicória da Amazônia. Para isso, adotou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram telas de polipropileno preta, com 30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento e cultivo a pleno sol. Avaliou-se características de desenvolvimento vegetativo e de produção. Realizou-se a análise de correlação e de componentes principais (PCA), no programa computacional R. Não houve diferença significativa entre os níveis de sombreamento para as características avaliadas. Apesar disso, o cultivo a pleno sol possibilitou incremento na produção, em comparação à tela de 70% de sombreamento. Houve forte correlação positiva entre a produtividade, massa fresca das folhas e quantidade de água da parte aérea, com coeficiente igual a 1. Apenas as características de área foliar foram pouco correlacionadas com as demais (ângulo >90º). Logo, pode ser indicado que a chicória da Amazônia seja cultivada tanto a pleno sol como em 70% de sombreamento.

Abstract A lectin from the marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) implexiformis (HiL) was isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose™ matrix. HiL showed specificity for galactose and its derivatives. The glycoproteins porcine stomach mucin (PSM) and bovine stomach mucin (BSM) were potent inhibitors. Hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was maximal between pH 5.0 and 9.0. The lectin remained active until 60°C. The presence of CaCl2 and EDTA did not affect the hemagglutinating activity. In SDS-PAGE, HiL showed a single band of 20 kDa under reduced conditions, whereas in the non-reducing conditions, it showed a band of 20 kDa and one additional band of 36 kDa. The average molecular mass determined by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) was 35.874 ± 2 Da in native and non-reducing conditions, whereas carboxyamidomethylated-lectin showed 18,111 Da. These data indicated that HiL consists in a dimer formed by identical subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Partial amino acid sequence of HiL was determined by mass spectrometry, and revealed that it is a new type of lectin, which showed no similarity with any protein. Secondary structure consisted of 6% α-helice, 31% β-sheet, 18% β-turn and 45% random coil. HiL showed significant reduction in the number of viable cells of Staphylococcus biofilms.

RESUMO A chicória da Amazônia é uma hortaliça ainda pouco conhecida, mas com grande potencial agronômico. A caracterização dos genótipos de chicória quanto a divergência genética é um importante passo para programas de melhoramento genético, pois permite selecionar indivíduos superiores e explorar a variabilidade e a complementariedade de características, a partir dos novos genótipos gerados. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a divergência genética de genótipos crioulos de chicória da Amazônia dos estados do Pará e Rondônia, com base em caracteres morfoagronômicos. Realizou-se um experimento em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com oito genótipos de chicória (tratamentos) e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas características quantitativas e qualitativas. A divergência genética foi estimada a partir da distância quadrada generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2), levando em consideração apenas os caracteres quantitativos, e os genótipos foram agrupados pelo método UPGMA. A análise de variância evidenciou diferença significativa entre os genótipos para todas as características, exceto massa fresca. O UPGMA agrupou os genótipos em três grupos, sendo os genótipos de Colares e Santarém Novo (Pará) (Chic-02 e Chic-04) os mais divergentes em comparação com os genótipos da região de Castanhal e Santa Isabel do Pará (Pará). As características qualitativas apresentaram padrão monomórfico, não sendo, portanto, utilizadas para avaliar a divergência. Para obter populações segregantes com complementariedade de características, recomenda-se o cruzamento entre os dois grupos mais divergentes.

ABSTRACT Amazon chicory is still a little-known vegetable despite its great agronomic potential. The characterization of chicory genotypes concerning genetic divergence is a key step for breeding programs, as it allows the selection of superior individuals and to explore the variability and complementarity of characteristics via interbreeding between newly generated genotypes. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Amazon chicory creole genotypes from the northern Brazilian states of Pará and Rondônia based on morpho-agronomic traits. We conducted an experiment in a randomized block design with eight chicory genotypes (treatments) and four replications. Both quantitative and qualitative characteristics were evaluated. Genetic divergence was estimated via squared generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2), considering only quantitative characters, and the genotypes were subsequently clustered via the UPGMA method. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied characteristics, except shoot fresh weight. The UPGMA grouped the genotypes into three clusters, which demonstrated that the genotypes from Colares and Santarém Novo (Pará) (Chic-02 and Chic-04) were the most divergent as compared to the genotypes from Castanhal and Santa Isabel do Pará (Pará). Qualitative characteristics showed a monomorphic behavior and, therefore, were not used to assess genetic divergences. To obtain segregating populations with complementary characteristics, crossbreeding between the two most divergent clusters is recommended.

ABSTRACT Spondyloarthropathies are one of the most frequent causes of anterior uveitis. Uveitis associated with spondyloarthropathies fall within the group of uveitis related to the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27. To present a review of uveitis associated with seronegative spondyloarthropathies (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthropathy, reactive arthritis or Reiter's syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease), as well as ocular involvement in the context of adult rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis Juvenile idiopathic. Ocular manifestations, including episcleritis, scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and dry eye disease, can be found in up to 39% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Recurrent unilateral acute anterior uveitis is the most frequent in spondyloarthropathies, and can be the initiation of a previously undiagnosed spondyloarthropathy. Collaboration between ophthalmologists and rheumatologists or internists is essential for the correct management and treatment of these patients.

RESUMEN Las espondiloartropatías constituyen una de las causas más frecuentes de uveítis anteriores. Las uveítis asociadas a espondiloartropatías se encuadran dentro del grupo de las uveítis relacionadas con el antígeno de histocompatibilidad HLA-B27. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una revisión de las uveítis asociadas a las espondiloartropatías seronegativas (espondilitis anquilosante, artropatía psoriásica, artritis reactiva o síndrome de Reiter y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal), así como la afectación ocular en el contexto de la artritis reumatoide del adulto y la artritis idiopática juvenil. Las manifestaciones oculares, que incluyen epiescleritis, escleritis, queratitis ulcerosa periférica y enfermedad del ojo seco, se pueden encontrar hasta en el 39 % de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide. La uveítis anterior aguda unilateral recidivante es la más frecuente en las espondiloartropatías, y puede ser la forma de inicio de una espondiloartropatía no diagnosticada previamente. La colaboración entre oftalmólogos y reumatólogos o internistas es fundamental para el correcto manejo y tratamiento de estos pacientes.

ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disorder that affects the joints, which can have several extra-articular manifestations, including inflammatory eye disease. To provide an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of two ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis: episcleritis and scleritis, including an update on treatment prospects. Ocular manifestations, including episcleritis, scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and dry eye disease, can be found in up to 39% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Although there is no consensus or guidelines, many options issued from rheumatology practice will be available for the treatment of refractory scleritis, once the infectious causes have been ruled out, allowing rapid control of inflammation, and avoiding both structural damage to the eye and complications from long-term steroid use.

RESUMEN La artritis reumatoide es un trastorno inflamatorio sistémico que afecta a las articulaciones, que puede tener varias manifestaciones extraarticulares, incluida la enfermedad ocular inflamatoria. El propósito de este estudio es hacer una descripción general sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de dos manifestaciones oculares de la artritis reumatoide: la epiescleritis y la escleritis, incluida una actualización de las perspectivas del tratamiento. Las manifestaciones oculares, que incluyen epiescleritis, escleritis, queratitis ulcerosa periférica y enfermedad del ojo seco, se pueden encontrar hasta en el 39 % de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide. Si bien no existen consensos ni guías, muchas opciones emitidas desde la práctica reumatológica estarán disponibles para el tratamiento de la escleritis refractaria, una vez descartadas las causas infecciosas, lo que permite un rápido control de la inflamación y evita tanto el daño estructural del ojo como las complicaciones del uso prolongado de esteroides.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa como alguns artefatos e lugares foram valorizados e preservados a partir de sua associação com a figura do padre José de Anchieta (1533-1597). Relaciona-se tais objetos e sítios com a construção de sua imagem histórica sob dois aspectos principais: o hagiográfico e o heroico, entendendo este último como o esforço em fazer de Anchieta um dos grandes protagonistas de uma interpretação épica da colonização do Brasil pelos portugueses, que objetivava construir uma memória nacional durante a passagem do século XIX para o século XX. Preferivelmente à produção de monumentos e eventos públicos em sua homenagem, procura-se aqui avaliar a musealização ou a preservação in situ de artefatos e sítios supostamente associados a Anchieta existentes em algumas cidades paulistas, que funcionam como fixadores de sua imagem heroificada no tempo presente.

ABSTRACT This article seeks to analyze some artifacts and sites that were valued and preserved once they were associated with the figure of Father José de Anchieta (1533-1597). It aims to relate such objects and sites with the construction of Anchieta historical imagery under two main aspects: the hagiographic and the heroic, understanding the latter as his transformation into a major protagonist of an epic and nationalistic interpretation of Brazilian colonial history through the 19th and 20th centuries. Rather than the production of monuments and public events in his honor, it aims to focus on the musealization, or in situ preservation, of artifacts and sites in the São Paulo state supposedly associated with him. Therefore, these objects and sites are comprehended as fixators of his heroicized image in the present.

Resumo No Brasil, permanece ainda bastante desconhecida a história dos pelourinhos coloniais. As menções feitas a eles, geralmente em monografias locais ou em manuais de História Urbana, costumam basear-se em generalizações imprudentes de alguns poucos exemplos mais bem conhecidos ou em meras pressuposições. Diante da impossibilidade de traçar um panorama geral da história dos pelourinhos brasileiros, o presente artigo pretende estabelecer uma linha interpretativa sobre o seu significado no âmbito da cultura urbanística luso-brasileira e sobre os contextos que influíram na sua destr uição ao longo do século X IX. Em seguida, busca-se analisar como a sua transformação em relíquias históricas, preservadas in situ ou em museus, contribuiu para o apagamento da memória da escravidão.

Abstract The history of colonial pillories (a landmark that symbolized municipal autonomy and served as a place for physical punishments) remains largely unknown — usually, they are mentioned in local monographs or urban history textbooks often based on reckless generalizations from a few better known examples or on mere assumptions. Given the impossibility of drawing an overview of the history of Brazilian pillories, this article intends only to establish a interpretative guideline about their meaning in the Luso-Brazilian urban culture and the contexts that influenced their destruction throughout the XIX century. Then, it seeks to analyze some cases of urban preservation or musealization of colonial pillories and the erasure of slavery’s memory in Brazil.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a resenha de livro no âmbito da rede social YouTube, considerando as estratégias de distribuição de informações nas resenhas publicadas nesse ambiente virtual. Teoricamente, apoiamo-nos, principalmente, no que se concerne ao processo de reelaboração de gêneros nas redes sociais (ARAÚJO, 2016). Além disso, partimos do instrumental analítico chamado Create a Research Space (CARS), proposto, inicialmente, por Swales (1984), para o estudo da organização de introduções de artigos científicos, posteriormente utilizado por Motta-Roth (1995) e outros autores para o estudo da resenha acadêmica. Partindo de uma metodologia de cunho etnográfico, reunimos 10 resenhas produzidas por usuários desse ambiente virtual, os chamados booktubers. A análise dos dados nos mostra que, apesar de muitos moves e subfunções que compõem a resenha acadêmica se manterem nessa realização do género, novas unidades retóricas, porém, aparecem nas resenhas, o que demonstrou a necessidade da reelaboração da sua organização retórica para contemplar o ato de resenhar no YouTube.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine book reviews that are published on the social media YouTube, considering the strategies used for the distribution of information. The reflection on the process of genre re-elaboration on social medias (ARAÚJO, 2016) is our main theoretical support. In addition, we also use the Create a Research Space (CARS) model, which was initially proposed by Swales (1984) to explain and describe the organizational pattern of writing the introduction to scholarly research studies, and posteriorly used by Motta-Roth (1995) and other researchers to analyze the organizational pattern of writing academic reviews. Using a methodology with ethnographical features, we gathered 10 book reviews elaborated by booktubers, which are the users of this virtual environment. Analysis we made shows that, despite the many moves e sub-functions in the writing of academic reviews also are present in the book reviews published on YouTube, new rhetorical unities appear indicating the necessity of re-elaboration for the organizational pattern of writing that genre in order to complete the act of reviewing a book on YouTube.

ABSTRACT Shading screens have been extensively used in leafy-vegetables production system. Nevertheless, there is still a substantial lack of knowledge regarding the effects of this technology on the performance of non-conventional vegetables such as jambu, a typical staple food with social and economic importance for the Amazon region. This study thus aimed to evaluate the effects of shading screens on the agronomic performance of two jambu varieties. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (shading screens and varieties), with four replications. Plants were then evaluated for morphophysiological and yield parameters. As an outcome, there was no significant interaction between shading screens and varieties for assessed variables. On the other hand, the shading screen itself affected significantly jambu varieties yield. The 50%-shading screen for instance provided both higher fresh weight accumulation and higher shoot water content. Moreover, 50%-shading screen led to an increase in both productivity (Kg m-2) and yield (bunch m-2) by 46%, respectively. The use of 50%-shading screen improves the agronomic performance of jambu, hence being a suitable technological alternative available for the farmers.

Abstract It is estimated that around 25% of adults over 40 years have some form of smell disorder. The primary taste disfunctions are less frequent and they are usually caused by some olfactory alteration. They both have an important impact on the quality of life of people who suffer from them, predisposing to depression, isolation and vulnerability. The degree of smell and taste dysfunction have been used as mortality predictor and prognosis in certain diseases. The etiologies go from sinonasal causes to neurodegenerative diseases. There are multiple identification tests that let us objectively know the magnitude of these disorders. The objective of these article is to show the healthcare personnel the importance of these senses, how to explore their alterations, how to approach them and their possible management and rehabilitation.

Resumen Alrededor de una cuarta parte de la población de adultos de más de 40 años presenta algún trastorno del olfato. Las alteraciones primarias del gusto son menos frecuentes y suelen atribuirse a un problema del olfato concomitante. Ambos tienen un fuerte impacto en la calidad de vida de las personas que lo padecen, generando depresión, aislamiento y sensación de vulnerabilidad. El grado de disfunción del olfato y el gusto han sido utilizados como predictor de mortalidad y pronóstico en ciertas enfermedades. Las etiologías son diversas e incluyen desde problemas nasosinusales hasta enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Existen diversas pruebas, fáciles de aplicar y almacenar, que permiten al clínico medir de manera objetiva el grado de disfunción de estos sistemas. El propósito de este artículo de revisión es mostrar al médico de cualquier área, la importancia de explorar estos sistemas y cómo realizarlo. También se discuten las distintas opciones de tratamiento y rehabilitación.

The pandemic of coronavirus Sars-CoV-2 that causes Covid-19 disease has infected a high number of people and caused deaths in Brazil. Thus, this study seeks to identify and understand the impact of this sanitary crisis on small-scale farmers who comprise one of the vulnerable groups of the Brazilian society. We applied questionnaires and gathered reports of participants from different regions and the results indicate that farmers have suffered from the negative impacts of pandemic on multiple dimensions regarding production, commercialization, income, human health, and forms of communication. However, they have been able to overcome some of the challenges brought by the pandemic due to a set of factors, mainly collective actions and solidarity network, individual creative solutions, and public policies.

Diante da pandemia do coronavírus Sars-CoV-2, causador da Covid-19 e do número elevado de pessoas infectadas e mortes no Brasil, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e entender o impacto desta crise sanitária sobre os pequenos produtores rurais que compõem grupos vulneráveis da sociedade. Por meio de questionários e depoimentos de participantes de diferentes regiões, os resultados indicam que os produtores sofreram impactos da pandemia de forma multidimensional sobre a produção, a comercialização, a renda, a saúde humana e as formas de comunicação. Entretanto, conseguiram superar alguns dos desafios impostos pela pandemia a partir de um conjunto de fatores, principalmente de ações solidárias e coletivas, de soluções criativas individuais e do suporte de políticas públicas.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the production of seeds per umbel and to assess both the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and umbel order on seed germination in Amazon chicory species. The experiment was conducted in two steps. Firstly, traits related to seed production were evaluated. Afterward, a germination test was carried out, and the following parameters were assessed: germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT), germination percentage (%G), percentage of abnormal seedlings (%AS), and percentage of non-germinated seeds (%NGS). Remarkably, there was strong interaction between the analysed factors. The highest production of seeds per plant was observed in the treatment containing the blend of seeds from different umbels (1.41 g·plant-1), in which the number of umbels by order and the total number of seeds per plant were the major traits related to the improved yield. The application of GA3 at 200 mg·dm-3 increased %G in second-order seeds. Regardless of GA3 application, seeds from secondary umbels showed shorter AGT by up to two days, while no difference in GSI was observed. Collectively, these results offer novel and timely information on the seed germination behavior in Amazon chicory, revealing practical advice of utmost importance for local producers.

Resumo Diante da pandemia do coronavírus Sars-CoV-2, causador da Covid-19 e do número elevado de pessoas infectadas e mortes no Brasil, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e entender o impacto desta crise sanitária sobre os pequenos produtores rurais, que compõem um dos grupos vulneráveis da sociedade brasileira. Por meio de questionários e depoimentos de participantes de diferentes regiões, os resultados indicam que os produtores sofreram impactos da pandemia de forma multidimensional sobre a produção, a comercialização, a renda, a saúde humana e as formas de comunicação. Entretanto, conseguiram superar alguns dos desafios impostos pela pandemia a partir de um conjunto de fatores, principalmente de ações solidárias e coletivas, de soluções criativas individuais e do suporte de políticas públicas.

Abstract The pandemic of coronavirus Sars-CoV-2 that causes Covid-19 disease has infected a high number of people and caused deaths in Brazil. Thus, this study seeks to identify and understand the impact of this sanitary crisis on small-scale farmers who comprise one of the vulnerable groups of the Brazilian society. We applied questionnaires and gathered reports of participants from different regions and the results indicate that farmers have suffered from the negative impacts of pandemic on multiple dimensions regarding production, commercialization, income, human health, and forms of communication. However, they have been able to overcome some of the challenges brought by the pandemic due to a set of factors, mainly collective actions and solidarity network, individual creative solutions, and public policies.

Abstract Background: Postoperative intussusception is an unusual complication in children; the incidence is 0.01-0.25%. Clinical Case: Female of 11 months who underwent colostomy, 48 h later presents abdominal pain, vomiting gastrobiliar and abdominal distension. A laparotomy was performed, finding a double ileo-ileal invagination 60 cm from the ileocecal valve. Discussion: The postoperative intestinal invaginations are extremely rare and most of them occur within the first 7 days. The etiology of postoperative intussusception is unknown. Conclusions: Postoperative children with intestinal occlusion, intussusception should be suspected and an immediate laparotomy should be performed.

Resumen Antecedentes: La invaginación posoperatoria es una complicación inusual en niños. Su incidencia es del 0.01-0.25%. Caso clínico: Niña de 11 meses a quien se realizó colostomía y 48 horas después presentó dolor abdominal, vómito gastrobiliar y distensión abdominal. Se realizó laparotomía y se encontró una doble invaginación íleo-ileal a 60 cm de la válvula ileocecal. Discusión: Las invaginaciones intestinales posoperatorias son extremadamente raras y la mayoría se presentan dentro de los primeros 7 días. La etiología de la invaginación posoperatoria es desconocida. Conclusiones: En niños operados con oclusión intestinal debe sospecharse invaginación intestinal y realizar una laparotomía inmediata.