RESUMO: A atenção à diversidade para tornar a educação inclusiva eficaz é o marco teórico conceitual no qual se apresenta este trabalho sobre um aluno com Síndrome de Asperger (SA), que se chama Juan. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar, descrever, analisar, interpretar, compreender e tornar visível uma boa prática de inclusão educacional com uma criança com Síndrome de Asperger baseada na aprendizagem cooperativa. Assim, por meio de uma metodologia qualitativa com um estudo de caso único, analisa-se uma experiência de inclusão educacional relatada pelas próprias crianças, e isso representa uma experiência de aprendizagem cooperativa. Atender às necessidades específicas de apoio educacional (NEAE) de Juan para facilitar sua inclusão é a espinha dorsal deste trabalho.

ABSTRACT: Attention to diversity to make inclusive education effective is the conceptual framework in which we present this case study on a student with Asperger's Syndrome (AS), whose name is Juan. The purpose of this paper is to identify, describe, analyze, interpret, understand and make visible a good practice of educational inclusion with a child with Asperger's Syndrome based on cooperative learning. Thus, through a qualitative methodology with a single case study, we analyze an educational inclusion experience reported by children themselves, and this represents a cooperative learning experience. Meeting Juan's specific educational support needs (NEAE) to facilitate his inclusion is the backbone of this work.

ABSTRACT The application of sewage sludge (SS) in agriculture is a practice used worldwide, and it is commonly applied in sugarcane to supply nutrients, with beneficial effects on crop productivity and soil; but SS can increase sorption and decrease desorption of herbicides. However, in tropical soils such as in Brazil, there are no studies regarding the behavior of pre-emergent herbicides, mainly aminocyclopyrachlor and mesotrione, in SS-amended soil. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of municipal SS applied in agriculture on the sorption–desorption of aminocyclopyrachlor and mesotrione in clay soil. Aminocyclopyrachlor (pyrimidine-2-14C-aminocyclopyrachlor) and mesotrione (cyclohexane-2-14C-mesotrione) sorption–desorption was evaluated using a batch equilibrium method. Soil was amended at 0% (control – unamended), 0.1%, 1%, and 10% (w∙w–1) of air-dried SS corresponding to 1.2, 12, and 120 t∙ha–1. The Freundlich Kf sorption values of aminocyclopyrachlor and mesotrione were similar for all treatments, ranging from 1.07 to 1.45 and 3.48 to 4.25 µmol (1–1/n) L1/n∙kg–1, respectively. Overall, the lowest Kd sorption value of these herbicides was reported for SS-amended soil (1%), while in the SS-amended soil (10%) it was higher than unamended soil. The H value for aminocyclopyrachlor was ~1 (no hysteresis) and for mesotrione was on average 0.4 (hysteresis occurring). In conclusion, the present study indicates that SS applied in any crop to supply nutrients can slightly affect the sorption–desorption of aminocyclopyrachlor and mesotrione, but this small difference does not affect the bioavailability of these herbicides for weed control.

ABSTRACT A new species of Farlowella is described from the Bermejo River basin, in Salta and Jujuy provinces, northwestern Argentina. The new species belongs to the Farlowella nattereri species group. The new species is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: marbled rostrum, five rows of lateral plates series, relatively short snout (snout-mouth length less than 50.0% of head length), complete half-moon shaped spot on caudal fin, and short predorsal distance (37.8-41.8% of standard length).

RESUMEN Se describe una nueva especie de Farlowella de la cuenca del Río Bermejo, en las provincias de Salta y Jujuy, en el noroeste de Argentina. La nueva especie pertenece al grupo de Farlowella nattereri. La nueva especie se diagnostica con la siguiente combinación de caracteres: rostro veteado, cinco hileras de placas laterales en el cuerpo, hocico relativamente corto (longitud hocico-boca menor a 50.0% longitud cabeza), mancha en forma de media luna completa en la aleta caudal, y distancia predorsal corta (37.8-41.8% longitud estándar).

New records of Corydoras micracanthus from the Bermejo River basin are presented. We confirm the presence of this species in the province of Jujuy, based on deposited material. In addition, its type locality in Lesser, Salta is confirmed, after new data obtained from bibliography regarding the collecting localities of Alfredo Borelli, collector of the type specimens. Additional comments on the behavior, ecology, and conservation status of this species are given.

Nuevos registros de Corydoras micracanthus en la cuenca del río Bermejo son presentados. Se confirma la presencia de esta especie en la provincia de Jujuy en base a material depositado. Asimismo, confirmamos su localidad tipo en Lesser, Salta, luego de obtener nuevos datos de la bibliografía sobre las localidades de colecta de Alfredo Borelli, colector de los ejemplares tipos. Se proveen comentarios adicionales sobre la ecología y el estado de conservación de esta especie.

ABSTRACT The family Rivulidae is the fourth most diverse clade of Neotropical fishes. Together with some genera of the related African family Nothobranchiidae, many rivulids exhibit a characteristic annual life cycle, with diapausing eggs and delayed embryonic development, which allows them to survive in the challenging seasonal ponds that they inhabit. Rivulidae also includes two species known as the only the self-fertilizing vertebrates and some species with internal fertilization. The first goal of this article is to review the systematics of the family considering phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of subfamilial clades, thus unifying information that is dispersed throughout the literature. From this revision, it is clear that phylogenetic relationships within Rivulidae are poorly resolved, especially in one of the large clades that compose it, the subfamily Rivulinae, where conflicting hypotheses of relationships of non-annual and annual genera are evident. The second goal of this work is to present an updated phylogenetic hypothesis (based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological information) for one of the most speciose genus of Rivulidae, Austrolebias. Our results confirm the monophyly of the genus and of some subgeneric clades already diagnosed, but propose new relationships among them and their species composition, particularly in the subgenus Acrolebias.

RESUMEN La familia Rivulidae es el cuarto clado más diverso dentro de los peces Neotropicales. Junto con algunos géneros de la familia Nothobranchiidae, muchos rivulidos presentan un característico ciclo de vida anual, con huevos resistentes a la desecación y embriones con diapausas que les permiten sobrevivir en los ambientes estacionales donde habitan. Los Rivulidae presentan también dos especies consideradas como los únicos vertebrados hermafroditas suficientes y algunas especies con inseminación interna. El primer objetivo de este artículo es actualizar la sistemática de la familia considerando las relaciones filogenéticas y las sinapomorfías de los clados que la componen, reuniendo información que se encuentra dispersa en la literatura. De esta revisión surge que las relaciones filogenéticas dentro de Rivulidae están todavía sin resolver, especialmente en uno de los grandes clados que la componen, la subfamilia Rivulinae, donde relaciones conflictivas entre géneros anuales y no anuales son evidentes. El segundo objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una hipótesis filogenética, basada en datos morfológicos, mitocondriales y nucleares, de uno de los géneros más diversos de la familia, el género Austrolebias. Nuestros resultados confirman la monofilia del género y de algunos clados subgenéricos previamente definidos, y propone nuevas relaciones entre ellos, particularmente de las especies del subgénero Acrolebias.

Cetopsorhamdia is a genus of Neotropical catfishes with a broad distribution in the main drainages of South America. Herein we report the first record of Cetopsorhamdia iheringi in Argentina and comment on the type series of the species.

Cetopsorhamdia es un género de bagres neotropicales con amplia distribución en las principales cuencas de Sudamérica. Aquí reportamos el primer registro de Cetopsorhamdia iheringi en la Argentina y discutimos sobre la serie tipo de la especie.

The present study aims to investigate the effects of ultraviolet radiation (type B) on the steroid and fatty acids content, phenolic compounds and biological activities of Stereum hirsutum wild fruiting bodies, which has been used by both Chinese and Korean folk medicine to treat cancer and recently as functional food. From another perspective, the distribution of steroid derivatives as well as fatty acids underwent significant changes after UV exposure over time. In our model of study UV-B radiation induced a decrease in the relative abundance of ergosterol derivatives while squalene increased. We also detected that UVB radiation (1.2 W m-2) enhanced the antioxidant activity of Stereum hirsutum, with the acetonic extract after 48 hours of radiation the most efficient with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 339.9 μg/mL. Gas-mass chromatography (GC-MS) analysis at this 48 hours stage revealed a high content of phenolic compounds (70%). We observed a decrease in the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium compared to their respective controls. The study concludes that UV-B influences the pathway of secondary metabolites to induce changes metabolic in the composition of sterols and fatty acids and increasing the abundance of antioxidant compounds in S. hirsutum.

Hypostomus boulengeri (Eigenmann and Kennedy, 1903) is a poorly known species recorded from the Paraguay and Paraná River basins. In this work we report the occurrence of this species in the Bermejo River basin for the first time, representing a distribution range extension of more than 600 km.

Hypostomus boulengeri (Eigenmann y Kennedy 1903) es una especie poco conocida, registrada en las cuencas de los ríos Paraguay y Paraná. En este trabajo reportamos por primera vez la presencia de esta especie en la cuenca del río Bermejo, que representa una ampliación en la distribución de más de 600 km.

Resumo:O texto está organizado em duas partes. A primeira apresenta uma perspectiva teórica para a análise ideológica e crítica da atual reforma universitária na Espanha. Argumenta-se que longe de ser uma redução a questões organizativas e pedagógicas, representa uma forma intencional de intervenção do Estado e outros agentes poderosos sobre os sistemas de ensino, sujeitando-os a uma lógica mercantilista. Neste sentido, são adotados alguns conceitos de interpretação de Stephen Ball e outros autores, tais como a cultura performativa, que relacionamos à obsessão por resultados, e os conceitos de desregulamentação, re-regulação e fabricações, que revelam uma forma de governo que, por trás de uma aparente autonomia, implica realmente um aumento da regulação, levando a novas identidades organizacionais e profissionais na universidade. Na segunda parte, uma vez descrita a metodologia, são analisados dois programas que, no contexto espanhol, podem ser considerados como um bom exemplo das medidas tomadas para garantir a qualidade da educação no Espaço do Ensino Superior Europeu. Um é o Verifica, que credencia os currículos dos cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação, e o outro é o Docentia, que avalia as competências pedagógicas dos professores. Sobre ambos, nos perguntamos, entre outras questões: Até que ponto são exemplos de uma cultura performativa? Que regulamentos e formas de governo prevalecem?

Abstract:The paper is organized in two parts. A theoretical framework for the analysis of the current Spanish university reform is presented in the first part. It is an ideological and critical analysis that tries to reveal how and why the reforms, not confined to organizational and pedagogical issues, represent an intentional form of State and other powerful agencies' intervention on educational systems, which is market-oriented. In this direction, we adopt some interpretive concepts of Stephen Ball and other authors such as the concept of performativity culture related to the obsession with the results and the concepts of deregulation, re-regulation and fabrications as peculiar forms of government that seem to have more autonomy, but they actually imply a greater regulation producing new organizational and professional identities in the university. In the second part, the theoretical framework is applied in order to describe and value two programs that, in the Spanish context, can be considered as good examples of some of the decisions aiming to guarantee the quality of education in the European Higher Education Space. The programs are the called Verifica, which accredits curricula and Graduate Degrees, and the called Docentia, which evaluates the teaching skills of university teachers. On both, we ask, among other questions: To what degree are both of them singular examples of a performativity culture? What kinds of regulation and forms of government prevail?

Resumen:El texto está organizado en dos apartados. El primero ofrece una perspectiva teórica que hace posible un análisis ideológico y crítico de la actual reforma universitaria española. Se argumenta que lejos de ser reductible tan solo a cuestiones organizativas y pedagógicas, representa una forma intencional de intervención estatal, y de otros agentes poderosos sobre los sistemas educativos, supeditándolos a una lógica mercantilista. En esa dirección, tomando algunos conceptos interpretativos de las aportaciones de Stephen Ball y otros autores, se explica la noción de cultura performativa, que relacionamos con la obsesión por los resultados, y la desregulación, re-regulación y fabricaciones en tanto que una forma de gobierno que detrás de una aparente autonomía implica realmente una sobre-regulación que conduce al cultivo de nuevas identidades organizativas y profesionales en la universidad. En el segundo, precisada la metodología, se analizan dos programas que, en el contexto español, pueden ser considerados como un buen ejemplo de las medidas adoptadas para la garantía de la calidad educativa en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Se trata del denominado Verifica, que acredita los planes de estudio de los grados y postgrados, y el denominado Docentia, que evalúa la capacidad docente de los profesores. Sobre ambos, nos preguntamos, entre otras cuestiones: ¿En qué grado muestran características propias de la cultura performativa descrita? ¿Qué regulaciones y formas de gobierno prevalecen?

A compared study of the morphology of the alimentary tract and liver of seven selected species corresponding to the main clades of the Characidae family is presented herein. Three new set of characters corresponding to 1) alimentary tract gross anatomy, 2) alimentary tract histology and 3) liver gross anatomy are evaluated as potential sources of data for future phylogenetic studies of the Characidae. Not considerable interspecific variation was observed at the histological level and therefore this source is not considered to be phylogenetically informative at the taxonomic level analyzed. In contrast, liver and alimentary tract gross anatomy presented important interspecific variation while a relatively homogenous intraspecific morphology was observed. Those characters are optimized in tree-topologies from previous phylogenetic analyses and their evolution and potential relationship with ecological traits are discussed.

Un estudio comparado de la morfología del tracto alimentario y el hígado de siete especies seleccionadas correspondientes a los principales clados de la familia Characidae es presentada aquí. Tres nuevos conjuntos de caracteres correspondientes a 1) anatomía gruesa del tracto alimentario, 2) histología del tracto alimentario y 3) anatomía gruesa del hígado son evaluados aquí como potenciales fuentes de información para futuros estudios filogenéticos de los Characidae. No se observó una variación intraespecífica considerable a nivel histológico y consecuentemente esta fuente no es considerada como informativa filogenéticamente al nivel taxonómico analizado. En contraste, la anatomía gruesa del hígado y el tracto alimentario presentaron una variación interespecífica importante mientras que una relativamente homogénea variación intraespecífica fue observada. Estos caracteres son optimizados en topologías de árboles de análisis filogenéticos previos y su evolución y potencial relación con características ecológicas son discutidas.

In this work we describe for the first time the social and reproductive behavior of the Neotropical fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840) [Perciformes: Cichlidae], endemic to the Paraná River basin, using a comprehensive-integral approach, including morphological and physiological features. This substrate breeding fish has biparental care of the fry and presents a dominance hierarchy that determines access to breeding territories among males, and to males with territories among females. Gregarious behavior associated with a pale body color, was observed before reproductive behaviors started. Afterwards, a dominance hierarchy was established through aggressive interactions. Territorial individuals had bright body color patterns and non territorial an opaque grey one. Black ventral coloration was associated with reproductive individuals. Courtship displays, which were similar to threatening displays, had the common effect of increasing the visible area of the individual. The dominant male was always the largest one suggesting that size is probably a major factor determining the hierarchy establishment and that these intra-sexually selected traits may have been reinforced by inter-sexual selection. Reproductive males had higher pituitary levels of β-follicle stimulating hormone (β-FSH) and somatolactin (SL) than non reproductive ones, while no differences were found among females. No differences were found among male gonadosomatic indexes. Non reproductive individuals had higher plasma cortisol levels for both sexes. It is possible that dominant reproductive individuals may be inhibiting reproduction of subordinate fish through physical contact, increasing their cortisol levels and diminishing FSH and SL pituitary content. However, this was not reflected as an inhibition at the gonadal level in our experimental design.

En este trabajo se describen por primera vez el comportamiento social y reproductivo del pez cíclido neotropical Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840) [Perciformes: Cichlidae], endémico de la cuenca del Paraná, desde un enfoque integral y abarcador, incluyendo características morfológicas y fisiológicas. Éste pez incubador de substrato, tiene cuidado biparental de las crías y presenta una jerarquía de dominancia que determina el acceso a territorios reproductivos entre los machos, y a machos con territorios entre las hembras. Se observó un comportamiento gregario con una coloración corporal pálida característica, antes que comenzaran los comportamientos reproductivos. Luego, una jerarquía de dominancia se estableció a través de interacciones agresivas. Los individuos territoriales presentaron patrones de coloración corporal brillantes y los individuos no territoriales uno gris opaco. Una coloración ventral oscura fue observada asociada a individuos reproductivos. Los despliegues de cortejo fueron similares a los de amenaza y tuvieron la característica común de aumentar el área visible de los peces. El macho dominante fue siempre el más grande, sugiriendo que probablemente la fuerza (tamaño) es un factor preponderante determinando el establecimiento de las jerarquías y que éstas características seleccionadas intrasexualmente pueden haber sido reforzadas por selección intersexual. Los machos reproductivos presentaron un mayor contenido hipofisario de β-FSH y SL que aquellos no reproductivos, mientras que no se encontraron diferencias entre las hembras. No se encontraron diferencias entre los índices gonadosomáticos de los machos. Los individuos no reproductivos presentaron niveles plasmáticos mayores de cortisol para ambos sexos. Aunque los individuos reproductivos dominantes podrían estar inhibiendo la reproducción de los peces menos dominantes a través de interacciones de contacto físico, aumentando sus niveles de cortisol y disminuyendo el contenido hipofisario de FSH y SL, esto no se vería reflejado a nivel gonadal en nuestro diseño experimental.

The group herein denominated as the Corydoras micracanthus species-group is supported by presenting dorsal and pectoral spines length reduced; caudal fin slightly emarginated; low body depth; parieto-supraoccipital process and nuchal plate not in contact and small eyes for the genus. It comprises Corydoras micracanthus, herein redescribed, and two new species described in the present paper, all from northwestern Argentina. Corydoras gladysae, a new species from the Calchaquí river, is distinguished from other species of the genus by the caudal-fin shape, slightly emarginated and by presenting the shortest dorsal and pectoral spines length (mean = 9.2 % and 14.8 % of SL, respectively). Corydoras petracinii, a new species from the Las Costas river, is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsal spine short (mean = 16.6 % of SL), pectoral spine short (mean = 18.3 % of SL), body moderately elongate (body depth 29.5 % SL mean), caudal fin slightly forked and trunk flanks with 5-7 subsquare differenced blotches in the middle region. Corydoras micracanthus, from the Mojotoro river basin, is defined by its higher number of dorsolateral body plates (24-26) and trunk color pattern, presenting 4 to 6 subsquare blotches well differentiated in the flanks. The inclusion of these species into the genus Corydoras is discussed.

El grupo aquí denominado como grupo de especies Corydoras micracanthus es sustentado por presentar una longitud reducida de las espinas dorsal y pectoral, aleta caudal suavemente emarginada, cuerpo bajo, extremo del proceso parietosupraoccipital sin contacto con la placa predorsal y ojos pequeños para el género. Este grupo comprende Corydoras micracanthus aquí redescripta, y dos especies nuevas descriptas en el presente trabajo, todas endémicas del noroeste argentino. Corydoras gladysae, nueva especie, procedente del río Calchaquí, se distingue de sus congéneres por la forma de la aleta caudal ligeramente emarginada y por presentar la longitud de las espinas dorsal y pectoral muy corta (media = 9,2 % y 14,8 % de LE, respectivamente). Corydoras petracinii, nueva especie, procedente del río Las Costas, se distingue de sus congéneres por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: espina dorsal corta (media 16,6 % LE), espina pectoral corta (media 18,3 % LE), cuerpo moderadamente alargado (altura del cuerpo media 29,5 % LE), aleta caudal suavemente bifurcada y un patrón de coloración con 5-7 manchas subcuadradas en la región media del cuerpo. Corydoras micracanthus, procedente de la cuenca del río Mojotoro, es definida por el mayor número de escudos superiores (24-26) y por el patrón de color del cuerpo que presenta 4 a 6 manchas subcuadradas bien diferenciadas en los flancos. Se discute la inclusión de estas especies dentro del género Corydoras.

Many characteristics of the South American teleost fish Cichlasoma dimerus (body size, easy breeding, undemanding maintenance) make it amenable to laboratory studies. In the last years, many of the fundamental aspects of its reproductive and developmental biology have been addressed in our laboratory. Rather recently, the immunohistochemical localization of pituitary hormones involved in reproduction and in background color adaptation has been described in both adult and developing individuals, and the role of FSH in ovarian differentiation has been established. These findings have been correlated with mapping of some of their brain-derived controlling hormones. The latter include brain-derived gonadotropins which were shown to be active in vitro in the control of pituitary hormone secretions. The emerging picture shows C. dimerus as an interesting species in which many of their basic features have already been investigated and which conform a solid platform for comparative studies correlating neurohormones, pituitary hormones and behavior, from the molecular to the organismic level.