Abstract Distemper is a contagious, highly lethal, and almost incurable viral disease in dogs and other terrestrial carnivores. This study evaluated a new distemper treatment for dogs. Two healthy male dogs of mixed breed were prepared. A 1 000-dose vial of Newcastle disease vaccine was then diluted with 6 mL normal saline and 3 mL of it was injected into the cephalic vein of each dog, collecting 20 % of the blood volume 11 h later. Blood sera were separated and used as anti-Newcastle disease vaccine serum (ANDVS) to treat dogs suspected of having canine distemper. Dogs with confirmed distemper were grouped into the following seven treatment groups: 1- ANDVS; 2- ANDVS + Cotrimoxazole; 3- ANDVS + Penicillin-Gentamicin; 4- ANDVS + Cefazolin-Amikacin; 5-Cotrimoxa- zole; 6- Penicillin-Gentamycin; 7- Cefazolin-Amikacin. Then the fatality rate of dogs, association between distemper and sex, breed, age, and effects of distemper on hematological factors and vital signs were evaluated. The recovery rates in the ANDVS+ Cotrimoxazole and the ANDVS+ Cefazolin-Amikacin groups were higher than those in the ANDVS group (P < 0.05). Fatality rate was significantly different in distemper-positive and distemper-negative dogs. It is concluded that although ANDVS alone has no effect on the treatment of distemper, it can increase the recovery rate when combined with cotrimoxa- zole or cefazolin + amikacin as compared with the sole use of these antibiotics.

Abstract Introduction The effects of dialectical behavior therapy on generalized anxiety disorder have not been examined to date, whereas cognitive behavioral therapy is a well-known psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Objectives This study investigated the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. Method In the present study, 72 generalized anxiety disorder patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: dialectical behavior therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Evaluations were performed at baseline, post-test, and three months after interventions as a follow-up. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Tower of London Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.Results: The results of the present study showed that both groups had reduced scores for depression and anxiety and increased scores for executive function after the psychotherapies. These changes were maintained at follow-up. Conclusion Although depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy was more effective for improving executive function.

One of the contexts for the development of social capital and spiritual health is cultural capital. The relationship between religion as an independent variable and social capital as a dependent variable has been analysed. This article aims to analyse the role of cultural capital in the development of social capital and spiritual health from the perspective of religion and negative Islamic teachings. This study attempts to answer the question, 'what is the role of cultural capital on the development of social capital and spiritual health from the perspective of negative Islamic teachings?' In this article, an attempt has been made to compare the negative aspect of education in the form of the Qur'anic concept of 'cultivation', with its positive aspect in terms of principles, approach and method, in order to return to the model arising from Qur'anic and mystical teachings. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and data processing is interpretive and critical. Data collection has been performed utilising documentary and library study methods. The research findings demonstrate that 'ethics, science, values, norms, rituals and art' are the most important elements of embodied cultural capital, which are effective in the development of social capital. CONTRIBUTION: Therefore, there is a substantial relationship between religion, negative Islamic teachings, the development of embodied cultural capital and the development of social capital and spiritual health

Abstract Background Sweet corn is susceptible to weed competition for nutrients, moisture, and light interception. Herbicides labeled for use on sweet corn are limited. Hence, it is necessary to provide information about the POST sulfonylurea herbicides and mixtures and their different degrees of sensitivity in sweet corn varieties. Objective The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the efficacy of sulfonylureas and nicosulfuron+bromoxynil/MCPA and mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine as post herbicide mixtures on broadleaves and grasses weed species, sweet corn grain yield and crop injury. Methods Field experiments were conducted in 2017-19 to investigate the efficacy of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides nicosulfuron at 80 g a.i. (active ingredient) ha-1, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron (37.5+37.5)% at 131.25 g a.i. ha-1, foramsulfuron at 45 g a.i. ha-1, and mixture of herbicides nicosulfuron at 80 g a.i. ha-1+bromoxynil/MCPA (20+20)% at 600 g a.i. ha-1, mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine (3.75+37.5+12.5)% at 1343.75 g a.i. ha-1 on the grain yield of three sweet corn varieties . Results: The results indicated that nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron+bromoxynil/MCPA and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron, respectively, controlled ≥ 90% of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Solanum nigrum L. at Mashhad. A reduction in biomass nearly ≥ 80% was observed in A. retroflexus , Cyperus rotundus L., Heliotropium europaeum L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Abutilon theophrasti Medik. by these herbicides in Sari, Iran. The applications of nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron and mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine at 80, 45 and 1343.75 g a.i. ha-1 respectively, to ‘Golden KSC403su’, mesotrione/s-metolacholor/terbuthlazine at 1343.75 g a.i. ha-1 to ‘Merit’ and nicosulfuron and mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine at 80 and 1343.75 g a.i. ha-1 respectively, to ‘Chase’ were associated with the maximum sweet corn yield. Conclusion The experiment showed that weed control improved grain yield on sweet corn varieties through sulfonylurea herbicide applications.

ABSTRACT. This study was designed to examine the protective effects of nano-selenium and nano-zinc oxide on queen and workers performance under heat stress condition and gene expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as an index of heat tolerance. Sixty colonies were randomly assigned to five treatments with 12 replicates from June until early September. Sugar syrup (50%) containing no supplement or nano-selenium at levels of 50 and 100 µg L-1 or nano-zinc at levels of 100 and 200 µg L-1 was fed to colonies. Nano-selenium supplementations had no effect, but nano-zinc at level of 100 µg L-1 significantly decreased body malondialdehyde concentration. The highest bee population was seen in nano-zinc at level of 100 µg L-1 and the lowest one in control group. The lowest and the highest body weight, fat and protein deposition was found in group received nano-zinc at level of 100 µg L-1 and control, respectively. The highest gene expression was for group received nano-zinc at level of 100 µg L-1 In group received nano-zinc at level of 100 µg L-1, an increase in hsp70 gene expression was found. In conclusion, nano-zinc oxide at level of 100 µg L-1 could increase queen and worker performance and heat resistance of bees in the hot climate condition.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vegetable oils on the antioxidant capacity, blood lipid components and immune responses in chickens raised in hot climate. In a completely randomized design, 300 chicks were assigned to four treatments and five replicates with 15 chicks per each. The highest concentration of malondialdehyde was found in broilers fed palm oil (p < 0.05). Chickens fed corn oil had the lowest and those fed flaxseed oil had the highest antioxidant enzymes activities (p < 0.05). The highest hepatic Alanine-transferase and Aspartate-transferase was found in chickens fed corn oil and the lowest levels in those received flaxseed and olive oils (p < 0.05). The highest hypersensitivity was in chickens fed palm oil and the lowest was for olive oil. The highest antibody titer against sheep red blood cells was found in chickens fed flaxseed oil and the lowest titer was for those received palm oil (p < 0.05). The highest triglyceride, cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein and the lowest high density lipoprotein was found in chickens fed palm oil and vice versa for flaxseed and olive oils. Olive and flaxseed oils had beneficial effects on antioxidant activity and lipid attributes and palm oil had detrimental effects on these parameters that related to the poultry health.

ABSTRACT The interpretation of the contract as one of the important issues of contract law in the branch of private law has always been of particular importance in various legal systems. The importance of this issue in the implementation of contractual obligations, obvious to everyone. By studying legal systems like the United Kingdom system, it is clear that the legislative and judicial system has always taken new steps to establish and complete the rules for the interpretation of the contract and has reduced the barriers to the implementation of contracts in the private relations of individuals. The study of this subject in Iranian law and the attitude to the laws, especially, civil law, states that the discussion of the interpretation of the contract is far from the point of view of the concept, and merely to mention the dispersed instances while discussing the texts of the contract. In this paper, we try to clarify the subject and adapt the rules and interpretative principles of legal systems with scattered instances in the legal texts, a coherent and disciplined chapter on the interpretation of contracts, in addition to resolving the existing vacuum in this field, by eliminating the ambiguity Contracts have also been assisted in fulfilling its obligations.

RESUMEN La interpretación del contrato como uno de los temas importantes del derecho contractual en la rama del derecho privado siempre ha sido de particular importancia en varios sistemas legales. La importancia de este problema en la implementación de las obligaciones contractuales es obvia para todos. Al estudiar en sistemas legales como el Reino Unido, queda claro que el sistema legislativo y judicial siempre ha tomado nuevos pasos para establecer y completar las reglas para la interpretación del contrato y ha reducido las barreras para la implementación de los contratos en las relaciones privadas. de individuos. El estudio de este tema en el derecho iraní y la actitud hacia las leyes, especialmente el derecho civil, establece que la discusión de la interpretación del contrato está lejos del punto de vista del concepto, y simplemente para mencionar las instancias dispersas mientras se discute el textos del contrato. En este artículo, tratamos de aclarar el tema y adaptar las reglas y principios interpretativos de los sistemas legales con instancias dispersas en los textos legales, un capítulo coherente y disciplinado sobre la interpretación de los contratos, además de resolver el vacío existente en este campo, Al eliminar la ambigüedad, los contratos también han sido asistidos en el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones.

ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density and climate region on performance, immunity, carcass characteristics, blood plasma, and economic parameters of the Ross strain of broiler chickens. The effects of four climates (mild and humid, semi-arid, alpine, and hot and dry) and four densities (10, 15, 17, and 20 chicks/m2) were studied as a completely randomized design with 4×4 factorial arrangement of treatments. The results showed that the density had a significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio in the starter period and on body weight gain in the grower and the whole periods of the experiment. Moreover, both climate and density had a significant impact on economic performance (live weight, survival rate, production index, meat production/m2, and profitability). The mild and humid climate and the density of 17 chicks/m2 had the most economic benefit compared with other treatments. The climate type had a significant effect on the relative weights of the breast, wings, neck, proventriculus, and ileum. The effects of climate and density on glucose, triglyceride, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), LDL/low-density lipoproteins (HDL), total protein and globulin were significant. In addition, the effect of climate on the antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (except for immunoglobulin G on day 28) was significant.

Abstract To clarify the effect of busulfan on the depletion of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from shal rams testis, in the first experiment, lambs were treated by intraperitoneal injection with 4 mg/kg busulfan. In the second experiment, different concentrations of busulfan (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) were injected directly into both sides of the left testis. The testes of 8 lambs were collected by standard castration procedure for histological analysis five weeks after the treatments and the left testis of remaining lambs were collected after eight weeks and a two-time enzymatic digestion process was used to isolate SSCs. The results showed that all rams that had received intraperitoneal injections of busulfan died. But by testicular injecting of same dose of the drug, 40% of the animals died. The testicular injection of rams with 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg of busulfan resulted in a dose dependent decrease in testis size and also spermatocytes population after 5 weeks of treatments. From the results of colony formation 8 weeks after treatment with busulfan, it can be concluded that only in 1 and 2 mg/kg of busulfan, recovery of endogenous germ cells was performed. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that intra-testicular injections of busulfan (2 mg/kg) reduced spermatocytes population in ram testis within 5 weeks of treatments, and this effect was reversible within 8 weeks of injection. However, it was not recommended to inject 4 mg/kg busulfan into the peritoneal cavity or testis of lambs based on its side effects.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of auto-lysed yeast and yeast extract on performance and immune responses of cows in hot climate in the early lactation period. Twenty five lactating dairy cows randomly assigned to 5 groups and 5 replicates. Cows received basal diet with or without auto-lysed yeast (20 or 40 g/d/head) or yeast extract (20 or 40 g/d/head) as on top-dressed. There were no differences for daily dry matter intake, milk production milk fat and the counts of red blood cells and white blood cells among treatments (p > 0.05). There were significant differences among treatments for immunoglobulin G (IgG) level, lymphocyte and neutrophil percentages. Yeast extract had no effect on IgG level, but auto-lysed yeast increased IgG level and neutrophil percentage and decreased lymphocyte percentage (p < 0.05). The highest relative interleukin-2 gene expression was for cows received auto-lysed yeast at the level of 40 g/d/head. Yeast extract had no significant effect on interleukin-2 gene expression as compared to the control group. It was concluded that auto-lysed yeast at the level of 40 g/d/head had no effect on performance, but it could positively influence on immune response of lactating dairy cows in hot climate during early period of lactation.

Abstract Bridges are one of the most critical parts of transportation networks that may suffer damages against earthquakes. Also, seismic responses of most bridges are significantly influenced by soil-structure interaction effects. Taking out expansion joints in the bridges may cause many difficulties in design and analysis due to the complexity of soil-structure interaction and nonlinear behavior. The secondary loads on an IAB include seismic load, temperature variation, creep, shrinkage, backfill pressure on back wall and abutment, all of which cause superstructure length and stress variations in girder changes. The purpose of this study is to recognize the most effective parameters of analysis IABs. Findings show that the backfill material behind the IABs has a significant effect on the performance of IABs. Using a compressible material behind the abutments would enhance the in-service performance of IABs. Finally, behaviour of abutment may be greatly affected by thermal load and soil pressure. Thermal expansion coefficient significantly influences girder axial force, girder bending moment, and pile head/abutment displacement.

Abstract Reproductive efficiency is critically dependent on embryo survival, establishment of a successful pregnancy and placental development. Recent advances in gene editing technology have enabled investigators to use gene knockdown and knockout approaches to better understand the role of hormone signaling in placental function and fetal growth and development. In this review, an overview of ruminant placentation will be provided, including recent data highlighting the role of histone lysine demethylase 1A and androgen signaling in ruminant placenta and pregnancy. Studies in ruminant placenta establish a role for histone lysine demethylase 1A in controlling genetic networks necessary for important cellular events such as cell proliferation and angiogenesis, as well as androgen receptor signaling during early placentation.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four types of diets containing different forms of selenium on the hematological blood parameters, reproduction and health of dairy cattle during the transition period. Twenty-four close-up dry cows with a mean of 259 ± 1days of pregnancy and expected 21 ± 1days prior to parturition were selected. The cows were fed four diets: 1) basal diet without selenium supplementation (C); 2) basal diet plus 0.5ppm selenium in the form of sodium selenite (Se-S) 3) basal diet plus 0.5ppm selenium in the form of selenium yeast (Se-Y); 4) basal diet plus 0.5ppm selenium in the form of selenomethionine (Se-M). Blood samples for measuring hematological blood parameters (including lymphocyte, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDWc) were taken at 21 and 10 days before delivery, delivery date, 10 and 21 days after delivery. There was no significant difference in hematological parameters before and after delivery in experimental and control groups. However, in the prepartum period, MCH tended to increase significantly in selenium methionine treatment (p<0.05). Reproductive parameters (including distance to first estrus, insemination indexes and number of open days) and health parameters (including rectum temperature and vaginal content score) have been improved by selenium organic supplements. The results of this experiment showed that feeding organic selenium supplementation in multiparous dairy cow’s diet may improve their health and reproduction.

ABSTRACT. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of unsaturated and saturated oils on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp gene expression in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. 300 one-day male broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments (Diets containing palm, corn, linseed or olive oils) with 5 replicates. At day 28 of age, 2 chickens were removed from each replicate, then blood samples and liver tissue samples were collected for analyses. Feeding linseed and olive oil reduced feed conversion ratio compared to corn and palm oils. The lowest level of insulin was for chickens fed linseed oil and corn oil. The highest level of corticosterone was found in chickens fed palm oil and the lowest level was for those received linseed oil. Chickens received linseed and corn oils had the highest levels of T3 and T4 and those fed palm and olive oils had the lowest levels. The highest HSP 70 gene expression was for chickens fed diet containing olive and linseed oils and the lowest one was for those fed corn and palm oils. It was concluded that olive oil and linseed oil could improve performance and heat tolerance of chickens under heat stress.

ABSTRACT. The experiment was conducted with 644 Ross fertilized egg by 7 treatments 4 replicates and 23 eggs in each. Seven treatments included two control with and without injection, iron sulfate, iron sulfate nanoparticles, Alimet, Alimet + iron sulfate, Alimet + iron sulfate nanoparticles. After hatching 2 mg iron nanoparticles were applied as new treatment. The highest increased in the intestinal relative weight (p < 0.05) was observed by iron+Alimet in late feeding at day old of age. Also similar trend was found in cecum and duodenum length by iron control 2 and late feeding (18 hours’ after hatching). The highest cecum length was found among all treatments by in ovo injection of iron nanoparticles in early feeding at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). Significantly increased the duodenum length was found by iron sulfate in early feeding at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Alimet in late feeding was resulted in decrease jejunum crypt depth at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the highest jejunum villi width and surface area were recorded in dietary iron sulfate nanoparticles in late feeding at 21 and 42 days of age (p < 0.05).