Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis is one of the main pests of the soybean crop, being controlled mainly with agrochemicals. The environmental and health risks, as well as the development of resistance by the pests, has led to the search for alternative control measures, aiming to use more eco-friendly procedures. The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and the bioactivity of Schinus molle and Schinus terebinthifolia essential oils (EOs) on A. gemmatalis. The major compound in both EOs was α-pinene (60.04 wt.% for S. molle and 38.49 wt.% for S. terebinthifolia). Bioassays were carried out with third instar larvae, with five replicates and each replicate with ten larvae, totaling 50 larvae per treatment. The oils were incorporated in the artificial diet (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% v/v). The controls were: water, Tween-80® 0.5% v/v, and novaluron 0.075% v/v. According to the Probit method, the S. terebinthifolia EO presented a LC50 of 1.74% v/v (1.58-1.97% v/v); it was not possible to determine the LC50 for the S. molle EO. The mortality percentage after 24 and 48 h was 52% and 30% at 2.0% v/v for S. terebinthifolia and S. molle oil, respectively. After 72 h, the mortality rate for S. molle EO have not changed; for S. terebinthifolia EO it increased to 70%; the larvae treated with the chemical control (synthetic insecticide) had a mortality of 100%.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a hepatoproteção do extrato de folhas de videira (Vitis labrusca) orgânica e convencional. Foram avaliados o conteúdo de polifenóis totais e os polifenóis isolados por HPLC. Os animais receberam injeções intraperitoneais de salina ou extratos (de folha orgânica ou convencional - 30 mg/kg), durante 14 dias. No 15º dia, os ratos receberam tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4) ou óleo mineral (i.p.). Após 4 horas, os animais foram eutanasiados. A análise da atividade das enzimas hepáticas (AST, ALT, GGT) foi feita usando soro, obtido através do sangue e os níveis de peroxidação lipídica (TBARS), oxidação proteica (Carbonil), e da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase e catalase foram analisados no fígado. Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato orgânico é mais rico em polifenol e resveratrol do que o convencional. Ambos os extratos previnem a peroxidação lipídica e oxidação proteica gerada pelo CCl4. Além disto, os extratos demonstraram capacidade em modular a atividade de SOD e CAT, bem como em estabelecer um equilíbrio na relação de SOD/CAT. Nós também encontramos que o CCl4 aumentou os níveis de AST e GGT, e que ambos os extratos previnem isto. Estes resultados indicam que os extratos de folhas de videira, ambos, orgânico e convencional, podem prevenir desordens do fígado.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotection of organic and conventional grapevine leaves extract (Vitis labrusca). The total polyphenol content and the isolate polyphenols by HPLC were evaluate. The animals received intraperitoneal injections of saline or extracts (conventional or organic - 30 mg/kg) for 14 days. On day 15, the rats received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral oil (i.p.). After 4h, the animals were euthanized. The analysis of the liver enzymes activity (AST, ALT, GGT) was performed using serum, obtained by blood and the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein oxidation (carbonyl), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed in the liver. The results showed that the organic extract is richer in polyphenol and resveratrol than the conventional one. Both extracts prevent lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation generated by CCl4. Moreover, the extracts demonstrated ability to modulate the activity of SOD and CAT, as well as to establish a balance in the ratio of SOD/CAT. We also found that the CCl4 increased the levels of AST and GGT, and that both extracts prevent this. These results indicate that grapevine leaves extracts, both, organic and conventional, can prevent liver disorders.

Em vista do reconhecimento de espécies da família Lamiaceae como produtoras de óleos essenciais, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar algumas espécies nativas do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como avaliar seu potencial aromático. Para isso, foram coletadas sete amostras pertencentes à esta família, em diferentes localidades do Estado. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação em aparelho Clevenger pelo período de 1 hora. Os compostos foram identificados por comparação de seus Índices de Retenção de Kovats (R.I), deterninados com referência a uma série homóloga de n-alcanos e por comparação de seus padrões de fragmentação de massa com dados da literatura. C. incisa e M. aquatica, apresentaram os melhores rendimentos de óleo essencial (1.94% v/p e 0.93% v/p respectivamente). M. aquatica também destacou-se por apresentar cerca de 80% de mentona, além de pouco mais de 14% de pulegona. C. microcephala apresentou aproximadamente 53% de mentofurano e C. incisa cerca de 45% de 1,8-cineol e 18% de α-terpineol.

The Lamiaceae family has been described to be rich in essential oil. The aim of the present work was to identify the native species of Rio Grande do Sul with potential use as the aromatic plants. Seven species of the family were collected in the different localities of the state. The essential oils were obtained by 1h hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. The constituents were identified by comparing their GC Kovats retention indices (RI), determined with reference to a homologous series of n-alkanes and by comparing their mass spectral fragmentation patterns with literature data. Cunila incisa and Mentha aquatica resulted in the higher esssential oil yields (1.94% v/w and 0.93% v/w, respectively. The composition of M. aquatica was 80% methone, with almost 14% pulegone. C. microcephala had 53% menthofuran and C. incisa nearly 45% of 1.8-cineol and 18% α-terpineol.

This work was performed with the aim of evaluating the chemical variability among samples of Aloysia sellowii (Verbenaceae) collected in different geographical regions as well as the application of supercritical CO2 for obtaining essential oil. Thus, samples were collected in different localities and oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and supercritical CO2. Results showed existence of two chimiotypes in the species (cineole and sabinene). The supercritical CO2 extraction process was appropriate for extraction of A. sellowii essential oil at 40 ºC, 110 bar, 2 mL/min of flow and 10 min of extraction time.

Dezenove amostras de Rosmarinus officinalis foram extraídas por destilação por arraste a vapor em uma planta piloto e os óleos essenciais foram avaliados quanto a composição química e características físico-químicas. Os rendimentos de óleo essencial variaram de 0,37% (média de 1999) a 0,49% (média de 1998). Vinte componentes foram identificados nos óleos essenciais. Os componentes majoritários foram a-pineno (40,55 a 45,10%), 1,8-cineol (17,40 a 19,35%), canfeno (4,73 a 6,06%) e verbenona (2,32 a 3,86%). A média por safra dos parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados resultaram em 0,8887g/cm³ para densidade específica, 1,4689 para índice de refração e +11,82º para rotação óptica, sendo que as variações encontradas para os parâmetros químicos e físico-químicos dos óleos essenciais não variaram significativamente em função do ano de produção.

Nineteen samples of Rosmarinus officinalis were extracted by steam distillation in a pilot plant and evaluated in terms of chemical compositions and physico-chemical characteristics. The volatile oil yields ranged from 0.37% (1999 harvest) to 0.49% (1998 harvest). Twenty components were identified in the oils. The major components were alpha-pinene (40.55 to 45.10%), 1,8-cineole (17.40 to 19.35%), camphene (4.73 to 6.06%) and verbenone (2.32 to 3.86%). The physico-chemical parameters averaged 0.8887 g/cm³ for specific gravity, 1.4689 for refractive index, and +11.82° for optical rotation, and there were no significant variations in either the chemical or physico-chemical data in the different years.