Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments in active enamel carious lesions in high-caries-risk children. Clinical records of children treated in a dental school setting were retrospectively screened for active enamel carious lesions treated non-invasively (topical fluoride applications, oral hygiene instruction, or dietary guidance) or micro-invasively (sealant). The control of active carious lesions was set as the main outcome established by the combination of inactivation and non-progression of the lesions based on Nyvad and ICDAS criteria, respectively. Individual and clinical factors associated with the outcome were analyzed by Poisson regression. The sample consisted of 105 high-caries-risk children with a mean age of 8.3 (± 2.4) years. From a total of 365 active enamel carious lesions, most lesions (84.1%) were active non-cavitated carious lesions (ICDAS scores 1 and 2) and only 15.9% presented localized enamel breakdown (ICDAS score 3). Of these, 72.6% were inactivated and 92.1% did not progress (mean time of 6.5 ± 4.1 months). The prevalence of controlled carious lesions was higher among children older than 6 years (PR:1.43; 95%CI:1.00–2.03; p = 0.04) and in those with better biofilm control (PR:0.99; 95%CI: 0.98–0.99; p = 0.03). Non-operative approaches are effective for controlling active enamel carious lesions. The majority of active enamel carious lesions became inactive and did not progress after treatment. Caries control was associated with older children and better biofilm control. noninvasive non invasive microinvasive micro highcariesrisk high caries risk noninvasively invasively topical applications instruction guidance microinvasively sealant. sealant . (sealant) nonprogression progression criteria respectively regression 10 83 8 3 8. ( 2.4 24 2 4 36 84.1% 841 84 (84.1% noncavitated cavitated 159 15 9 15.9 3. 3) these 726 72 72.6 921 92 92.1 65 5 6. 41 4. months. months months) PR1.43 PR143 PR 1.43 43 (PR:1.43 95%CI1.00–2.03 95CI100203 CI 95%CI 1.00–2.03 95 00 03 95%CI:1.00–2.03 0.04 004 0 04 PR0.99 PR099 0.99 99 (PR:0.99 95CI 0.98–0.99 098099 98 0.03. 003 0.03 0.03) Nonoperative Non operative treatment (sealant 2. 84.1 (84.1 15. 7 72. 92. PR1 PR1.4 PR14 143 1.4 (PR:1.4 CI1 95%CI1.00–2.0 95CI10020 100203 1.00–2.0 95%CI:1.00–2.0 0.0 PR0 PR0.9 PR09 099 0.9 (PR:0.9 0.98–0.9 09809 84. (84. PR1. 14 1. (PR:1. 95%CI1.00–2. 95CI1002 10020 1.00–2. 95%CI:1.00–2. 0. PR0. 09 (PR:0. 0.98–0. 0980 (84 (PR:1 95%CI1.00–2 95CI100 1002 1.00–2 95%CI:1.00–2 (PR:0 0.98–0 098 (8 (PR: 95%CI1.00– 95CI10 100 1.00– 95%CI:1.00– 0.98– (PR 95%CI1.00 95CI1 1.00 95%CI:1.00 0.98 95%CI1.0 1.0 95%CI:1.0 95%CI1. 95%CI:1. 95%CI1 95%CI:1

Resumo Nas últimas duas décadas, observou-se um interesse crescente nos estudos de hipomineralização molar-incisivo (HMI). Os defeitos hipomineralizados podem ter várias consequências, como hipersensibilidade, aumento do acúmulo de placa dentária e, consequentemente, maior risco de cárie. Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de HMI e sua associação com cárie dentária em escolares de um município do sul do Brasil. Uma amostra aleatória de alunos por conglomerado foi selecionada. Os exames clínicos foram realizados para coletar informações sobre HMI (seguindo os critérios da European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry), cárie dentária (usando o índice DMF-T) e gengivite. Variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e comportamentais foram coletadas por meio de um questionário padronizado respondido pelos pais / responsáveis pelas crianças. Razões de prevalência (RP) foram estimadas por meio de análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta por meio de abordagem hierárquica (p <0,05). Um total de 513 escolares foram incluídos no estudo. A prevalência de MIH e cárie foi de 19,7% e 31,6%, respectivamente. A média de idade foi de 11,6 (± 1,9) anos. A cárie dentária foi mais prevalente em crianças com HMI (RP 1,39; IC 95% 1,05 - 1,85). Crianças mais velhas e crianças cujas famílias estavam matriculadas em programas de transferência condicional de renda (RP 1,97 IC95% 1,47 - 2,64), e crianças que não tinham a mãe ou o pai como chefe da família (RP 1,56 IC95% 1,06 - 2,30) apresentaram maior prevalência de cárie dentária. Nossos resultados sugerem que crianças com HMI são mais propensas a ter cárie dentária.

Abstract The last couple of decades has seen an increasing interest in molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) studies. Hypomineralized defects can have several consequences such as hypersensitivity, increased dental plaque accumulation, and consequently higher caries risk. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MIH and its association with dental caries in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil. A random cluster sample of schoolchildren was selected. Clinical examinations were carried out to collect information on MIH (following the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria), dental caries (using the DMF-T index) and gingivitis. Socioeconomic, demographic and behavior variables were collected using a standardized questionnaire answered by the children’s parents/caregivers. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance through a hierarchical approach (p<0.05). A total of 513 schoolchildren were included in the study. MIH and caries prevalence was 19.7% and 31.6%, respectively. The mean age was 11.6 (+1.9) years. Dental caries was more prevalent in children with MIH (PR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05 - 1.85). Older children and children whose families were enrolled in conditional cash transference programs (PR 1.97 95% CI 1.47 - 2.64), and children who did not have their mother or father as the head of the family (PR 1.56 95% CI 1.06 - 2.30) presented a higher prevalence of dental caries. Our findings suggest that children with MIH are more likely to have dental caries.