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ABSTRACT Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of geographical patterns (2001–2010) and time trends (1993–2012) of cancer incidence in children aged 0–19 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and interpret the findings in the context of global patterns. Methods. Geographical variations in 2001–2010 and incidence trends over 1993–2012 in the population of LAC younger than 20 years were described using the database of the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study containing comparable data. Age-specific incidence per million person-years (ASR) was calculated for population subgroups and age-standardized (WSR) using the world standard population. Results. Overall, 36 744 unique cases were included in this study. In 2001–2010 the overall WSR in age 0–14 years was 132.6. The most frequent were leukemia (WSR 48.7), central nervous system neoplasms (WSR 23.0), and lymphoma (WSR 16.6). The overall ASR in age group 15–19 years was 152.3 with lymphoma ranking first (ASR 30.2). Incidence was higher in males than in females, and higher in South America than in Central America and the Caribbean. Compared with global data LAC incidence was lower overall, except for leukemia and lymphoma at age 0–14 years and the other and unspecified tumors at any age. Overall incidence at age 0–19 years increased by 1.0% per year (95% CI [0.6, 1.3]) over 1993–2012. The included registries covered 16% of population aged 0–14 years and 10% of population aged 15–19 years. Conclusions. The observed patterns provide a baseline to assess the status and evolution of childhood cancer occurrence in the region. Extended and sustained support of cancer registration is required to improve representativeness and timeliness of data for childhood cancer control in LAC.

RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar uma visão abrangente dos padrões geográficos (2001 a 2010) e das tendências temporais (1993 a 2012) da incidência de câncer em crianças e jovens de 0 a 19 anos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) e interpretar os resultados no contexto de padrões mundiais. Métodos. Foram descritas variações geográficas de 2001 a 2010 e tendências de incidência de 1993 a 2012 na população com menos de 20 anos da ALC usando informações comparáveis da base de dados do terceiro volume do estudo International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência específica por idade por milhão de pessoas-ano (ASR, na sigla em inglês) para subgrupos populacionais e taxas padronizadas por idade usando a população padrão mundial (WSR, na sigla em inglês). Resultados. No total, foram incluídos 36 744 casos únicos. No período de 2001 a 2010, a WSR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos foi de 132,6. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (WSR de 48,7), neoplasias do sistema nervoso central (WSR de 23,0) e linfoma (WSR de 16,6). A ASR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos foi de 152,3, e a maior taxa foi a de linfoma (ASR de 30,2). A incidência foi maior no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino e maior na América do Sul do que na América Central e no Caribe. De modo geral, em comparação com as estimativas mundiais, a incidência na ALC foi menor, exceto para leucemia e linfoma entre 0 e 14 anos e para outros tumores e tumores não especificados em qualquer idade. A taxa de incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos aumentou em 1,0% ao ano (IC de 95% [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 e 2012. Os registros incluídos cobriam 16% da população de 0 a 14 anos e 10% da população de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões. Os padrões observados servem de referência para avaliar o status e a evolução da ocorrência de câncer infantil na região. É necessário garantir um apoio ampliado e consistente aos registros de câncer para aprimorar a representatividade e a disponibilidade das informações em tempo adequado para o controle do câncer infantil na ALC.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.11

Construção e Validação do Protocolo EmpoderACO Direcionado a Pacientes em Anticoagulação Oral com Varfarina
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Barbosa, Hannah Cardoso

; Torres, Heloisa de Carvalho

; Oliveira, João Antônio de Queiroz

; Santos, Rebeca Priscila de Melo

; Costa, Josiane Moreira da

; Miranda, Leonardo Gonçalves

; Pagano, Adriana Silvina

; Praxedes, Marcus Fernando da Silva

; Martins, Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2023, Volume 120 N. 6 elocation e20220576

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento A varfarina é um anticoagulante oral útil para prevenção de tromboembolismo, embora seja considerado fármaco de alto risco de causar eventos adversos. Considerando os desafios práticos no controle da anticoagulação oral, os pacientes poderiam se beneficiar de estratégias educacionais que visem mudança de comportamento, participação ativa no autocuidado e adesão à farmacoterapia. Objetivo Construir e validar o protocolo EmpoderACO para mudança de comportamento em pacientes em uso de varfarina. Métodos As etapas metodológicas foram: definição de conceitos e domínios do autocuidado, identificação dos objetivos, construção e seleção dos itens, avaliação da validade de conteúdo e pré-teste na população alvo. Resultados Relevância, adequação, clareza e confiabilidade interna dos itens do instrumento foram avaliadas por comitê de juízes multiprofissional pela plataforma web E-surv, obtendo-se média de concordância ≥0,91. A compreensão do instrumento pela população-alvo teve clareza adequada com média de 0,96. Conclusão O EmpoderACO poderá contribuir para qualificar o processo de comunicação entre profissionais e pacientes, melhorar a adesão ao tratamento e os resultados clínicos, podendo ser replicado nos serviços de saúde. tromboembolismo adversos farmacoterapia objetivos préteste pré teste alvo Relevância adequação Esurv, Esurv E surv, surv E-surv obtendose obtendo 091 0 91 ≥0,91 populaçãoalvo 096 96 0,96 clínicos saúde 09 9 ≥0,9 0,9 ≥0, 0, ≥0 ≥

Abstract Background Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that is very useful in preventing thromboembolism, though it is considered a drug with a high risk of causing adverse events. Considering the practical challenges in controlling oral anticoagulation, the patients on warfarin could benefit from educational strategies aimed at behavioral changes, active participation in self-care, and adherence to drug therapy. Objective The aim was to construct and validate the EmpoderACO protocol for behavioral changes in warfarin patients. Methods The methodological steps were: definition of concepts and domains of self-care, identification of objectives, construction and selection of items, assessment of content validity, and pre-test in the target population. Results Relevance, adequacy, clarity, and internal reliability of the instrument’s items were assessed by a multidisciplinary judges committee (JC) through the E-surv web platform, obtaining an average agreement of ≥0.91. The understanding of the instrument measured by the target population revealed adequate clarity with a coefficient average of 0.96. Conclusion EmpoderACO can aid in qualifying the communication process between medical professionals and patients, as well as in improving adherence to both treatment and clinical outcomes, and can be replicated in healthcare settings. thromboembolism events anticoagulation selfcare, selfcare self care, care self-care therapy objectives validity pretest pre test Relevance adequacy instruments s JC (JC Esurv E surv platform 091 0 91 ≥0.91 096 96 0.96 outcomes settings 09 9 ≥0.9 0.9 ≥0. 0. ≥0 ≥

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220576

Multiband FSS with Fractal Characteristic Based on Jerusalem Cross Geometry
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Silva Filho, H. V. H.

; Silva, C. P. N.

; Oliveira, M. R. T. de

; Oliveira, E. M. F. de

; Melo, M. T. de

; Sousa, T. R. de

; Gomes Neto, A.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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dec 2017, Volume 16 N. 4 Pages 932 - 941

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This paper proposes a new Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) with modifications on the Jerusalem Cross (JC) geometry to provide a multiband response. Fractal levels are created by introducing concentric self-similar JC copies in the original unit cell. This modification results in new dipoles at the structure which allows for the appearance of new bands proportional to these diploles’ lengths, while maintaining total unit cell size. Three fractal levels of the JC FSS are studied in this paper, and third level presents five resonant frequencies which are f1 = 1.78 GHz, f2 = 6.42 GHz, f3 = 8.69 GHz, f4 = 10.94 GHz and f5 = 12.98 GHz. Simulation results for the insertion loss (S21), surface current distribution and measurement results are presented.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742017v16i4984 1152 downloads

JOGOS COOPERATIVOS E RELAXAMENTO RESPIRATÓRIO: EFEITO SOBRE CRAVING E ANSIEDADE
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Braga, João Euclides Fernandes

; Chaves Neto, Gabriel

; Lima, Argemille Bastos

; Oliveira, Rayhanna Queiroz de

; Alves, Rayanne Santos

; Farias, Jamilton Alves

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

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oct 2016, Volume 22 N. 5 Pages 403 - 407

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Introdução: O uso de substâncias psicoativas é uma prática milenar e universal, que acompanha a história da humanidade. Na atualidade, o crack se alastrou pelo mundo por ter maior potencial de dependência comparado a outras drogas, visto que os usuários apresentam dificuldade para interromper o uso do crack, enfrentar o craving e a ansiedade. É essencial que haja uma abordagem multidisciplinar e integral do usuário, com a utilização de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais que enfoquem as estratégias de prevenção de recaída. Nesse contexto, os jogos cooperativos (JC) e o relaxamento respiratório (RR) constituem possíveis estratégias para manejo terapêutico. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização dos JC e do RR como estratégias de enfrentamento do craving e da ansiedade em usuários de crack em situação de dependência. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, quase experimental, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma unidade de desintoxicação para dependência química do estado da Paraíba. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 40 colaboradores dependentes de crack, com idade superior a 18 anos. Para avaliação dos efeitos dos JC e do RR sobre o craving e a ansiedade foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-B) e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE-E). Os resultados demonstraram que os JC e o RR reduziram os escores do craving total e da ansiedade. Quanto ao fator F1, apenas os JC apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. Conclusão: Os JC e o RR demonstraram eficácia como estratégias de enfrentamento do craving e ansiedade em usuários de crack em situação de dependência nas condições em que o estudo foi desenvolvido.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances is an ancient and universal practice, which accompanies the history of humanity. Currently, the crack spread across the world because it has greater potential for addiction compared to other drugs since users find it difficult to stop the use of crack and cope with craving and anxiety. It is essential to have a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach to the user, with the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques that address the relapse prevention strategies. In this context, the cooperative games (CGs) and the relaxation breathing (RB) are possible strategies for therapeutic management. Objectives: To evaluate the use of CG and RB as craving and anxiety coping strategies in crack users in addiction situation. Methods: This is an exploratory research, almost experimental, with a quantitative approach, developed in a detoxification unit for chemical dependence in the state of Paraíba. Results: The sample consisted of 40 crack addict volunteers older than 18 years. To evaluate the effects of CG and RB on craving and anxiety the following instruments were used: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-B) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-E). The results showed that the CG and RB reduced the scores of the total craving and anxiety. As for the F1 factor, only CG showed satisfactory results. Conclusion: CG and RB demonstrated efficacy as coping strategies for craving and anxiety in crack users in addiction situation in the conditions under which the study was developed.

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de sustancias psicoactivas es una práctica ancestral y universal que acompaña la historia de la humanidad. En la actualidad, la propagación del crack se extiende por todo el mundo por tener un mayor potencial para la adicción en comparación con otras drogas, ya que los usuarios tienen dificultad para detener el consumo de crack y enfrentan el ansia y la ansiedad. Es esencial disponer de un enfoque multidisciplinario e integral para el usuario, con el uso de técnicas cognitivo-conductuales que se ocupen de las estrategias de prevención de recaídas. En este contexto, los juegos cooperativos (JC) y la relajación respiratoria (RR) son las posibles estrategias para el manejo terapéutico. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilización de los JC y la RR como estrategias de afrontamiento del ansia y la ansiedad en los consumidores de crack en situación de adicción. Método: Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, casi experimental, con un enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en una unidad de desintoxicación de la dependencia química del estado de Paraíba. Resultados: La muestra constó de 40 voluntarios adictos al crack mayores de 18 años. Para evaluar los efectos de JC y RR en el ansia y la ansiedad se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-B) y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI-E). Los resultados mostraron que los JC y la RR redujeron las puntuaciones del total de ansia y ansiedad. En cuanto al factor F1, solamente los JC mostraron resultados satisfactorios. Conclusión: JC y RR demostraron eficacia como estrategias de afrontamiento de ansia y ansiedad en los consumidores de crack en situación de dependencia en las condiciones que el estudio se ha desarrollado.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220162205153151 4660 downloads

V Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Tratamento do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST
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Piegas, LS

; Timerman, A

; Feitosa, GS

; Nicolau, JC

; Mattos, LAP

; Andrade, MD

; Avezum, A

; Feldman, A

; De Carvalho, ACC

; Sousa, ACS

; Mansur, AP

; Bozza, AEZ

; Falcão, BAA

; Markman Filho, B

; Polanczyk, CA

; Gun, C

; Serrano Junior, CV

; Oliveira, CC

; Moreira, D

; Précoma, DB

; Magnoni, D

; Albuquerque, DC

; Romano, ER

; Stefanini, E

; Santos, ES

; God, EMG

; Ribeiro, EE

; Brito Júnior, FS

; Feitosa-Filho, GS

; Arruda, GDS

; Oliveira, GBF

; Lima, GG

; Dohmann, HFR

; Liguori, IM

; Costa, JR

; Saraiva, JFK

; Maia, LN

; Moreira, LFP

; Arrais, M

; Canesin, MF

; Coutinho, MSSA

; Moretti, MA

; Ghorayeb, N

; Vieira, NW

; Dutra, OP

; Coelho, OR

; Leães, PE

; Rossi, PRF

; Andrade, PB

; Lemos, PA

; Pavanello, R

; Vivacqua Costa, RC

; Bassan, R

; Esporcatte, R

; Miranda, R

; Giraldez, RRCV

; Ramos, RF

; Martins, SK

; Esteves, VBC

; Mathias Junior, W

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2015, Volume 105 N. 2 Pages 1 - 121

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20150107 181064 downloads

Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: updates and considerations for safer treatment in JCV positive patients
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Nali, Luiz Henrique da Silva

; Moraes, Lenira

; Fink, Maria Cristina Domingues

; Callegaro, Dagoberto

; Romano, Camila Malta

; Oliveira, Augusto Cesar Penalva de

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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dec 2014, Volume 72 N. 12 Pages 960 - 965

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Natalizumabe é atualmente uma das melhores opções para o tratamento de pacientes com Esclerose Múltipla que não respondem aos tratamentos tradicionais. No entanto, o seu uso prolongado, o uso de terapia imunossupressora prévia e o status sorológico antivírus JC têm sido associados com o risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva (LEMP). A avaliação destas condições tem sido utilizada para estimar os riscos do desenvolvimento de LEMP nestes pacientes, e abordagens distintas (por vezes extremas) são empregadas para evitar o aparecimento dessa patologia. Atualmente, o grande desafio está em obter um equilíbrio entre os riscos e os benefícios do tratamento com Natalizumabe. Assim, é crucial desenvolver estratégias para monitorar pacientes portadores do vírus JC sob tratamento com Natalizumabe. A título de ilustração, pesquisamos o vírus no sangue e na urina de um paciente sob tratamento durante 12 meses. Também discutimos a eficácia dos métodos atualmente utilizados para avaliação de riscos e as implicações reais de reativação viral.

Natalizumab is currently one of the best options for treatment of patients with Multiple Sclerosis who have failed traditional prior therapies. However, prolonged use, prior immunosuppressive therapy and anti-JCV antibody status have been associated with increased risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The evaluation of these conditions has been used to estimate risks of PML in these patients, and distinct (sometimes extreme) approaches are used to avoid the PML onset. At this time, the biggest issue facing the use of Natalizumab is how to get a balance between the risks and the benefits of the treatment. Hence, strategies for monitor JCV-positive patients undergoing Natalizumab treatment are deeply necessary. To illustrate it, we monitored JCV/DNA in blood and urine of a patient receiving Natalizumab for 12 months. We also bring to discussion the effectiveness of the current methods used for risk evaluation, and the real implications of viral reactivation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20140142 3366 downloads

Nearly one-half of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis using natalizumab are DNA-JC virus positive
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Fragoso, Yara Dadalti

; Mendes, Maria Fernanda

; Arruda, Walter Oleschko

; Becker, Jefferson

; Brooks, Joseph Bruno Bidin

; Carvalho, Margarete de Jesus

; Comini-Frota, Elizabeth Regina

; Domingues, Renan Barros

; Ferreira, Maria Lucia Brito

; Finkelsztejn, Alessandro

; Gama, Paulo Diniz da

; Gomes, Sidney

; Goncalves, Marcus Vinicius Magno

; Kaimen-Maciel, Damacio Ramon

; Morales, Rogerio de Rizo

; Muniz, Andre

; Ruocco, Heloisa Helena

; Salgado, Pedro Rippel

; Albuquerque, Livia Brito Bezerra de

; Gama, Rodrigo Assad Diniz da

; Georgeto, Sergio

; Lopes, Josiane

; Oliveira, Celso Luis Silva

; Oliveira, Francisco Tomaz Meneses

; Safanelli, Juliana

; Saldanha, Patricia Correia de Oliveira

; Satomi, Massaco

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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oct 2013, Volume 71 N. 10 Pages 780 - 782

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivo Natalizumabe é um tratamento novo e eficaz para esclerose múltipla (EM). O risco constatado de desenvolver leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva (LEMP) durante o uso desta droga criou a necessidade de melhor estudar a infecção pelo vírus JC (JCV). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de DNA-JCV em paciente brasileiros usando natalizumabe. Método Detecção qualitativa de JCV no soro foi realizada através de reação em cadeia por polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. Resultados DNA-JCV foi detectado em 86 pacientes (51,2%) de um grupo de 168 pessoas com EM recebendo tratamento com natalizumabe,). Discussão Dados do DNA-JCV no Brasil complementam as avaliações mundiais sobre a prevalência de JCV em pacientes com EM que necessitam tratamento natalizumabe.

Objective Natalizumab is a new and efficient treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) during the use of this drug has created the need for better comprehension of JC virus (JCV) infection. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of JCV-DNA in Brazilian patients using natalizumab. Method Qualitative detection of the JCV in the serum was performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results In a group of 168 patients with MS who were undergoing treatment with natalizumab, JCV-DNA was detectable in 86 (51.2%) patients. Discussion Data on JCV-DNA in Brazil add to the worldwide assessment of the prevalence of the JCV in MS patients requiring treatment with natalizumab.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130121 3759 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

JC virus-associated central nervous system diseases in HIV-infected patients in Brazil: clinical presentations, associated factors with mortality and outcome
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Piza, Felipe

; Fink, Maria Cristina

; Nogueira, Gilberto S.

; Pannuti, Claudio S.

; Oliveira, Augusto C. Penalva de

; Vidal, José Ernesto

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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apr 2012, Volume 16 N. 2 Pages 153 - 156

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

INTRODUCTION: Several presentations of neurologic complications caused by JC virus (JCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have been described and need to be distinguished from the "classic" form of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PMl). The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the spectrum and frequency of presentations of JCV-associated central nervous system (CNS) diseases; 2) identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality of patients with JCV-associated CNS disease; and 3) to estimate the overall mortality of this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of HIV-infected patients admitted consecutively for JCVassociated CNS diseases in a referral teaching center in São Paulo, Brazil, from 2002 to 2007. All patients with laboratory confirmed JCV-associated CNS diseases were included using the following criteria: compatible clinical and radiological features associated with the presence of JCV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. JCV-associated CNS diseases were classified as follows: 1) classic PMl; 2) inflammatory PMl; and 3) JC virus granule cell neuronopathy (GCN). RESULTS: We included 47 cases. JCV-associated CNS diseases were classified as follows: 1) classic PMl: 42 (89%); 2) inflammatory PMl: three (6%); and 3) JC virus GCN: four (9%). Nosocomial pneumonia (p = 0.003), previous diagnosis of HIV infection (p = 0.03), and imaging showing cerebellar and/or brainstem involvement (p = 0.02) were associated with in-hospital mortality. overall mortality during hospitalization was 34%. CONCLUSIONS: Novel presentations of JCV-associated CNS diseases were observed in our setting; nosocomial pneumonia, previous diagnosis of HIV infection, and cerebellar and/or brainstem involvement were associated with in-hospital mortality; and overall mortality was high.

2728 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

Efeitos da sinvastatina na hipertrofia lipídica da medula óssea induzida pelo uso de corticóides em ratos
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Oliveira, Liszt Palmeira de

; Penteado, Luiz Otávio Sampaio

; Carvalho, Jorge José de

; Mesquita, Karlos Celso de

Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia

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dec 2007, Volume 42 N. 11-12 Pages 373 - 381

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito do uso da sinvastatina (SV) sobre a área da medula ocupada por adipócitos (AMOA) na cabeça femoral de ratos com hipertrofia lipídica induzida pelo uso de hidrocortisona (HC). MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 40 ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus), machos, da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos em cinco grupos, cada um contendo oito animais, de acordo com a medicação administrada diariamente por 14 dias: HC (25mg), HC (25mg) + SV, HC (1mg), HC (1mg) + SV e soro fisiológico (SF). Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de triglicerídeos (TRI), colesterol total (COL), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT), antes e depois do tratamento. A AMOA da cabeça femoral foi determinada por morfometria. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram semelhantes no início do experimento, com relação aos valores séricos de TRI, COL, AST e ALT. Os animais em que foi administrado HC apresentaram maior AMOA, quando comparados com os que receberam SF (p < 0,0001), e elevação estatisticamente significativa nas dosagens séricas de TRI e COL. A AMOA foi maior nos grupos HC do que nos HC + SV (p < 0,0001). No grupo HC (1mg) + SV, não houve diferença significativa na AMOA, quando comparado com o SF (p = 0,5047), nem nos valores séricos de TRI (p = 0,1907) e COL (p = 0,4480), depois do tratamento. Nos animais que receberam HC (25mg) + SV, houve diferença significativa na AMOA, quando comparados com os do grupo SF (p < 0,0001), e nas medidas séricas de TRI (p = 0,0044) e COL (p = 0,0025), depois do tratamento. Todos os grupos apresentaram elevação dos níveis séricos de AST e ALT. O uso de HC se relacionou à maior área ocupada por adipócitos na medula óssea da cabeça femoral, diretamente proporcional à dose administrada. Esse efeito se reduziu com o uso de sinvastatina. CONCLUSÃO: O efeito da sinvastatina na redução da intensidade do aumento do conteúdo lipídico da medula óssea induzida pelo uso de HC foi significativo, sendo mais consistente no grupo tratado com baixas doses de HC.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of using simvastatin (SV) on the medullary area occupied by adipocytes (MAOA) in the femoral head of rats with lipidic hypertrophy induced by hydrocortisone (HC). METHODS: 40 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinos) were distributed into five groups, each group with eight animals, according to the medication given daily during 15 days: HC (25 mg), HC (25 mg) + SB, HC (1 mg), HC (1 mg) + SV, and saline solution (SF). Serum triglyceride (TRI), total cholesterol (COL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) tests were performed before and after treatment. Femoral head MAOA was determined by morphometry. RESULTS: the groups had similar results of serum values of TRI, COL, AST, and ALT in the beginning of the experiment. The animals that received HC had greater MAOA when compared to those receiving SF (p < 0.0001), with statistically significant increases in the serum TRI and COL readings. MAOA was greater in the groups receiving HC than in the groups receiving JC + SV (p < 0.0001). In the group that received HC (1 mg) + SV, there was no significant difference in MAOA, when compared to the group that received SF (p = 0.5047), nor in the serum values of TRI (p = 0.1907) and COL (p = 0.4480), after the treatment. In the animals that received HC (25 mg) + SV, there was a significant difference in MAOA, when compared to the group that received SF (p < 0.0001), and in the serum readings of TRI (p = 0.0044) and COL (p = 0.0025), after the treatment. All groups presented increased serum levels of AST and ALT. The use of HC was related to a larger area occupied by adipocytes in the medulla of the femoral head, which was directly proportional to the dose given. This effect was reduced with the use of simvastatin. CONCLUSION: The use of simvastatin to reduce the bone medulla lipidic content induced by HC was significant, and more consistent in the group treated with low HC doses.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotyping in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessing subtype and drug-resistance associated mutations in HIV-1 infected individuals failing highly active antiretroviral therapy
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Couto-Fernandez, JC

; Silva-de-Jesus, C

; Veloso, VG

; Rachid, M

; Gracie, RSG

; Chequer-Fernandez, SL

; Oliveira, SM

; Arakaki-Sanchez, D

; Chequer, PJN

; Morgado, MG

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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- Sobre o periódico
- SciELO Analytics

feb 2005, Volume 100 N. 1 Pages 73 - 78

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In order to assess the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutation profiles and evaluate the distribution of the genetic subtypes in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, blood samples from 547 HIV-1 infected patients failing antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, were collected during the years 2002 and 2003 to perform the viral resistance genotyping at the Renageno Laboratory from Rio de Janeiro (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation). Viral resistance genotyping was performed using ViroSeqTM Genotyping System (Celera Diagnostic-Abbott, US). The HIV-1 subtyping based on polymerase (pol) gene sequences (protease and reverse transcriptase-RT regions) was as follows: subtype B (91.2%), subtype F (4.9%), and B/F viral recombinant forms (3.3%). The subtype C was identified in two patients (0.4%) and the recombinant CRF_02/AG virus was found infecting one patient (0.2%). The HIV-1 genotyping profile associated to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors has shown a high frequency of the M184V mutation followed by the timidine-associated mutations. The K103N mutation was the most prevalent to the non-nucleoside RT inhibitor and the resistance associated to protease inhibitor showed the minor mutations L63P, L10F/R, and A71V as the more prevalent. A large proportion of subtype B was observed in HIV-1 treated patients from Rio de Janeiro. In addition, we have identified the circulation of drug-resistant HIV-1 subtype C and are presenting the first report of the occurrence of an African recombinant CRF_02/AG virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A clear association between HIV-1 subtypes and protease resistance mutations was observed in this study. The maintenance of resistance genotyping programs for HIV-1 failing patients is important to the management of ARV therapies and to attempt and monitor the HIV-1 subtype prevalence in Brazil.

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