ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the probability of infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses in different socioeconomic strata of the population of Recife, Northeast Brazil. Methods: Study carried out from samples obtained in a survey of residents of a large urban center that had a population base and stratified sampling with random selection of households using the “Brazil Sample” package in the R software. HBV (HBsAg) and anti-HCV was performed using immunochromatographic tests. In cases positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBeAg were tested using chemiluminescence, as well as HBV-DNA using real-time PCR. For cases positive for anti-HCV, the search for this antibody was repeated by chemiluminescence and for HCV-RNA by real-time PCR. The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV cases in the general population was estimated based on a theoretical negative binomial distribution. Results: Among 2,070 samples examined, 5 (0.24%) were HBsAg and 2 (0.1%) anti-HCV positive. The majority of cases had self-reported skin color as black/brown (6/7), education level up to high school (6/7), a steady partner (5/7) and lived in an area of low socioeconomic status (5/7). Conclusion : The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was lower than those previously found in population-based studies and slightly lower than the most recent estimates. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status should be a priority target of public health policies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a probabilidade da ocorrência de infecção pelos vírus das hepatites B (HBV) e C (HCV) em diferentes estratos socioeconômicos da população de Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo realizado com base em amostras obtidas em um inquérito de residentes de um grande centro urbano que teve base populacional e amostragem estratificada com seleção aleatória dos domicílios por meio do pacote “Amostra Brasil” no software R. A pesquisa do antígeno de superfície do HBV (HBsAg) e do anti-HCV foi realizada por testes imunocromatográficos. Nos casos positivos para HBsAg, foram realizadas pesquisas do anti-HBc e do HBeAg por quimioluminescência, bem como do HBV-DNA, por meio de PCR em tempo real. Para os casos positivos para anti-HCV, foi repetida a pesquisa desse anticorpo por quimioluminescência e do HCV-RNA por PCR em tempo real. A ocorrência de casos HBsAg e anti-HCV na população geral foi estimada com base em uma distribuição teórica binomial negativa. Resultados: Dentre 2.070 amostras examinadas, cinco (0,24%) foram HBsAg e duas (0,1%) anti-HCV positivas. A maioria dos casos tinha cor de pele autorreferida como preta/parda (6/7), nível de escolaridade até o ensino médio (6/7), companheiro fixo (5/7) e morava em área de baixo estrato socioeconômico (5/7). Conclusão: A ocorrência de HBsAg e anti-HCV foi inferior às anteriormente encontradas em estudos de base populacional e pouco menor do que as estimativas mais recentes. Indivíduos que apresentam menor condição socioeconômica devem ser alvo prioritário das políticas públicas de saúde.

RESUMO Para que o uso de águas salinas na agricultura seja uma opção viável é necessário que soluções sejam adotadas para atenuar os impactos provocados por essas águas. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação foliar de extrato de algas (Ascophyllum nodosum) como estratégia para atenuar os efeitos deletérios da salinidade sobre as variáveis de produção e pós-colheita do girassol ‘BRS 324’. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com esquema de parcelas sub-sub-divididas, composto por quatro níveis de salinidade da água (1,2; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e quatro doses do extrato de algas (0, 100, 150 e 200% da dose recomendada), em dois ciclos de cultivos, com quatro blocos. A dose de 100% da recomendação (32 mg L-1) do extrato influenciou positivamente o peso de 1.000 aquênios (acréscimos de 6,05 e 3,63% para os níveis de 1,2 e 3,0 dS m-1, respectivamente) e o rendimento de aquênios (incrementos de 7,07 e 4,59% para os níveis de 1,2 e 3,0 dS m-1). O teor de óleo e proteína, rendimento de óleo e proteína não foram significativamente influenciados pelo extrato. Os níveis crescentes de salinidade reduziram todas as variáveis estudadas. O extrato de algas mitigou os efeitos deletérios da salinidade no peso de 1.000 aquênios e na produção de aquênios no nível mais baixo da salinidade da água (1,2 dS m-1). A dose mais eficaz do extrato para mitigar os efeitos negativos da salinidade no peso de 1.000 aquênios e no rendimento de aquênios foi 100% da recomendação do extrato (32 mg L-1). sentido objetivouse objetivou se Ascophyllum nodosum póscolheita pós colheita BRS 324. 324 . 324’ casualizados subsubdivididas, subsubdivididas sub divididas, divididas sub-sub-divididas 12 1 2 30 3 0 45 4 5 4, 60 6 6, m1 m m-1 0, (0 100 15 200 recomendada, recomendada , recomendada) cultivos 32 (3 L1 L L-1 1000 000 1.00 acréscimos 605 05 363 63 3,63 1, 3, m1, respectivamente incrementos 707 7 07 7,0 459 59 4,59 m1. estudadas (1, L1. m- ( 10 20 L- 00 1.0 36 3,6 70 7, (1 1.

ABSTRACT For the use of saline waters in agriculture to be a viable option, solutions must be adopted to mitigate the impacts caused by these waters. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the foliar application of algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract as a strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on the production and post-harvest variables of the ‘BRS 324’ sunflower. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a split-split-plot arrangement, composed of four salinity levels of water (1.2, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and four doses of algae extract (0, 100, 150, and 200% of recommended dose) in two crop cycles, with four blocks. The 100% of the recommended dose (32 mg L-1) of the algae extract positively influenced the 1000-achenes weight (increases of 6.05 and 3.63% for the levels of 1.2 and 3.0 dS m-1, respectively) and the achene yield (increments of 7.07 and 4.59% for the levels of 1.2 and 3.0 dS m-1). The algae extract did not influence the oil and protein content and yield. The increase in salinity levels reduced all variables studied. Algae extract mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity on 1,000-achene weight and yield of achenes at the lowest water salinity level (1.2 dS m-1). The most effective dose of the algae extract to mitigate the negative effects of salinity on the 1,000-achene weight and achene yield was 100% (32 mg L-1) of the recommendation of the extract. option context Ascophyllum nodosum postharvest post harvest BRS 324 sunflower splitsplitplot split plot arrangement 1.2, 12 1 2 30 3 0 45 4 5 4.5 60 6 6. m1 m m-1 0, (0 100 150 200 cycles blocks 32 (3 L1 L L-1 1000achenes 1000 increases 605 05 363 63 3.63 1. 3. m1, 1, respectively increments 707 7 07 7.0 459 59 4.59 m1. . studied 1,000achene 1000achene 1,000 000 (1. 4. m- ( 10 15 20 L- 36 3.6 70 7. 000achene 1,00 00 (1 1,0

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a probabilidade da ocorrência de infecção pelos vírus das hepatites B (HBV) e C (HCV) em diferentes estratos socioeconômicos da população de Recife, Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo realizado com base em amostras obtidas em um inquérito de residentes de um grande centro urbano que teve base populacional e amostragem estratificada com seleção aleatória dos domicílios por meio do pacote “Amostra Brasil” no software R. A pesquisa do antígeno de superfície do HBV (HBsAg) e do anti-HCV foi realizada por testes imunocromatográficos. Nos casos positivos para HBsAg, foram realizadas pesquisas do anti-HBc e do HBeAg por quimioluminescência, bem como do HBV-DNA, por meio de PCR em tempo real. Para os casos positivos para anti-HCV, foi repetida a pesquisa desse anticorpo por quimioluminescência e do HCV-RNA por PCR em tempo real. A ocorrência de casos HBsAg e anti-HCV na população geral foi estimada com base em uma distribuição teórica binomial negativa. Resultados: Dentre 2.070 amostras examinadas, cinco (0,24%) foram HBsAg e duas (0,1%) anti-HCV positivas. A maioria dos casos tinha cor de pele autorreferida como preta/parda (6/7), nível de escolaridade até o ensino médio (6/7), companheiro fixo (5/7) e morava em área de baixo estrato socioeconômico (5/7). Conclusão: A ocorrência de HBsAg e anti-HCV foi inferior às anteriormente encontradas em estudos de base populacional e pouco menor do que as estimativas mais recentes. Indivíduos que apresentam menor condição socioeconômica devem ser alvo prioritário das políticas públicas de saúde. Objetivo (HBV HCV (HCV Recife Brasil Métodos Amostra R (HBsAg antiHCV anti imunocromatográficos antiHBc HBc HBVDNA, HBVDNA DNA, DNA HBV-DNA real antiHCV, HCV, HCVRNA RNA negativa Resultados 2070 2 070 2.07 examinadas 0,24% 024 0 24 (0,24% 0,1% 01 1 (0,1% positivas pretaparda preta parda 6/7, 67 6/7 , 6 7 (6/7) 5/7 57 5 (5/7 5/7. . Conclusão recentes saúde 207 07 2.0 0,24 02 (0,24 0,1 (0,1 6/ (6/7 5/ (5/ 20 2. 0,2 (0,2 0, (0, (6/ (5 (0 (6 (

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the probability of infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses in different socioeconomic strata of the population of Recife, Northeast Brazil. Methods: Study carried out from samples obtained in a survey of residents of a large urban center that had a population base and stratified sampling with random selection of households using the “Brazil Sample” package in the R software. HBV (HBsAg) and anti-HCV was performed using immunochromatographic tests. In cases positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBeAg were tested using chemiluminescence, as well as HBV-DNA using real-time PCR. For cases positive for anti-HCV, the search for this antibody was repeated by chemiluminescence and for HCV-RNA by real-time PCR. The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV cases in the general population was estimated based on a theoretical negative binomial distribution. Results: Among 2,070 samples examined, 5 (0.24%) were HBsAg and 2 (0.1%) anti-HCV positive. The majority of cases had self-reported skin color as black/brown (6/7), education level up to high school (6/7), a steady partner (5/7) and lived in an area of low socioeconomic status (5/7). Conclusion : The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was lower than those previously found in population-based studies and slightly lower than the most recent estimates. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status should be a priority target of public health policies. Objective (HBV HCV (HCV Recife Brazil Methods Sample software (HBsAg antiHCV anti tests antiHBc HBc HBVDNA DNA realtime real time PCR antiHCV, HCV, HCVRNA RNA distribution Results 2070 070 2,07 examined 0.24% 024 0 24 (0.24% 0.1% 01 1 (0.1% selfreported self reported blackbrown black brown 6/7, 67 6/7 , 6 7 (6/7) 5/7 57 (5/7 5/7. . populationbased estimates policies 207 07 2,0 0.24 02 (0.24 0.1 (0.1 6/ (6/7 5/ (5/ 20 2, 0.2 (0.2 0. (0. (6/ (5 (0 (6 (

Seventeen Schiff bases bearing 2-aminothiophene derivatives were designed and synthesized using molecular simplification. The resulting compounds (4a-4q) were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against dermatophytes. Prediction of their druglikeness and pharmacokinetic properties, establishment of their structure-activity relationships (SAR), and cytotoxic evaluation of the most active compounds were performed. Using an eco-friendly procedure, microwave assisted synthesis resulted in compounds in good yields (35-85%). Compounds 4a-4q presented good druglikeness and pharmacokinetic profiles and no cytotoxicity for any cell line tested up to 100 µM. The compounds presenting the best antifungal profiles were 4e, 4f, 4g, 4k, 4l, 4m, 4o and 4p with more than one minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value occurring between 16-64 µg mL-1, thus, in some cases better than the reference drug (fluconazole). SAR testing indicated that the presence of halogens and nitro substituents increases antifungal activity. Taken together, the results demonstrate that 2-aminothiophene derivatives are promising lead compounds for the development of antifungal drugs.

Abstract The importance of producing firewood in the Chaco region sets particular interest in promoting the sustainable use of this resource, as a source of family producers labor and income. The present work intends to analyze the domestic demand of firewood and coal, in Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Tucumán and Córdoba. To know what the annual consumption of firewood and charcoal is as well as its main uses, the sources of supply, the price they pay for these products, their relative valuation of the different features of the fuels (firewood, coal and gas) and to what other products firewood is associated, 923 surveys were conducted on consumers of firewood and / or coal in 2013. The results obtained indicate that the main domestic use of firewood and charcoal is cooking; most homes consumed coal instead firewood though its consumption per capita is higher than coal and presents greater possibilities of uses. The absence of a logistic system for the supply of frewood and of a reference price for its sale is observed. Firewood and gas appear as more attractive products than coal for cooking, but the difficulty in obtaining firewood can be a drawback in case it is promoted as a product of mass consumption.

Resumen La importancia de la producción de leña en la región chaqueña pone particular interés en fomentar el uso sustentable de este recurso, como fuente de trabajo e ingresos para las familias productoras. Para ello el presente trabajo se propone analizar la demanda doméstica de leña y carbón, en Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Tucumán y Córdoba. Se realizaron 923 encuestas a consumidores de leña y/o carbón durante el año 2013, con el fin de conocer cuál es el consumo anual de leña y carbón, cuáles son sus principales usos, las fuentes de abastecimiento, el precio al cual adquieren estos productos, cuál es la valoración relativa de diferentes atributos de los combustibles como la leña, el carbón y el gas y con qué otros productos se asocia la leña. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el principal uso doméstico de la leña y el carbón es la cocción de alimentos, el carbón se consume en más hogares que la leña, pero ésta presenta mayor consumo en kg per cápita que el carbón y presenta mayor diversidad de usos. Se visualiza además la ausencia de un sistema de logística en provisión y venta a un precio de referencia para la leña. La leña y el gas se presentan como productos más atractivos que el carbón para la cocción de alimentos, pero la dificultad para conseguir leña puede ser una limitante si se promociona como un producto de consumo masivo.

<p>This paper describes a simple and rapid methodology for determining the content of adulterants in diesel by the integration of fluorescence spectra. The procedure consists of constructing analytical curves using the concentrations of each adulterant in diesel and the relative change in the fluorescence area of each blend with respect to the fluorescence area of the diesel. The results indicated that the proposed method can be used to determine adulterants such as non-transesterified residual cooking oil, kerosene, and turpentine in diesel. The detection limits were 3, 4 and 5% for non-transesterified residual cooking oil, kerosene and turpentine in diesel, respectively. The method was also successfully used to determine the non-transesterified residual cooking oil content in B5 biodiesel-diesel blend (5% biodiesel) in the range of 0-70%, with a limit of detection of 4%.</p>

RESUMO Introdução: Os cirurgiões plásticos têm recebido em seus consultórios e ambulatórios um número cada vez maior de pacientes com queixa de deformidade do contorno corporal após maciças perdas ponderais secundárias a cirurgias bariátricas. Todavia, em função das restrições alimentares e disabsorções cirúrgicas, são frequentes complicações metabólicas e distúrbios nutricionais no pós-operatório tardio das gastroplastias. O objetivo deste estudo é detectar a prevalência dos principais distúrbios nutricionais relacionados à cicatrização em pacientes de ambulatório especializado em cirurgia plástica do paciente pós-gastroplastia. Método: é um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo, em que os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente e através de protocolo laboratorial. Resultados: foram avaliados 32 pacientes com gastroplastia há pelo menos dois anos e estabilidade ponderal há no mínimo seis meses. Os principais distúrbios detectados foram: anemia (56% dos pacientes), com carências na bioquímica do ferro (31,2%) e da vitamina B12 (25%), bem como deficiências dos íons zinco (18,7%) e cobre (3,1%). Houve carências discretas no perfil proteico e ausência de déficits na bioquímica básica e lipidograma. Conclusão: é dever do cirurgião plástico conhecer a fundo a prevalência dos principais distúrbios nutricionais relacionados à cicatrização na população de pacientes pós-gastroplastia no sentido de corrigir eventuais carências e prevenir complicações. Sabe-se, contudo, que ainda são necessários mais estudos para correlacionar qualquer deficiência alimentar às intercorrências observadas no pós-operatório deste grupo de pacientes. Introdução bariátricas Todavia cirúrgicas pósoperatório pós operatório gastroplastias pósgastroplastia. pósgastroplastia gastroplastia. Método observacional descritivo laboratorial Resultados 3 meses 56% 56 (56 pacientes, , pacientes) 31,2% 312 31 2 (31,2% B B1 25%, 25 25% (25%) 18,7% 187 18 7 (18,7% 3,1%. 3,1% . 1 (3,1%) lipidograma Conclusão Sabese, Sabese Sabe se, se Sabe-se contudo 5 (5 31,2 (31,2 (25% 18,7 (18,7 3,1 (3,1% ( 31, (31, (25 18, (18, 3, (3,1 (31 (2 (18 (3, (3 (1

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plastic surgeons have received in their outpatient clinics an increasing number of patients complaining of body contour defects due to the massive weight loss after a bariatric surgery. However, owing to dietary restrictions and surgical desorption, metabolic complications and nutritional disorders are commonly observed in the late postoperative period after gastroplasty. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of major nutritional disorders related to healing in patients at a specialized outpatient plastic surgery clinic who underwent gastroplasty. Method: This is an observational, transversal, and descriptive study, in which a laboratory protocol was used to clinically evaluate and assess the patients. Results: Thirty-two patients who underwent gastroplasty at least 2 years previously with weight stability for at least 6 months were evaluated. The major disorders identified included anemia (56% of patients) and deficiency in iron (31.2%), vitamin B12 (25%), zinc ions (18.7%), and copper (3.1%). Mild deficiencies in the protein profile were also observed; however, no deficiencies in basic and lipid biochemistry were noted. Conclusion: The plastic surgeon should have an in-depth knowledge about the prevalence of the major nutritional disorders related to healing in postbariatric patients, to allow correction of possible deficiencies and prevention of complications. However, more studies would be required to correlate any dietary deficiency to the complications observed in the postoperative period in this group of patients. Introduction However desorption Method observational transversal Results Thirtytwo Thirty two evaluated 56% 56 (56 31.2%, 312 31.2% , 31 (31.2%) B B1 25%, 25 25% (25%) 18.7%, 187 18.7% 18 7 (18.7%) 3.1%. 3.1% . 3 1 (3.1%) however noted Conclusion indepth depth 5 (5 31.2 (31.2% (25% 18.7 (18.7% 3.1 (3.1% ( 31. (31.2 (25 18. (18.7 3. (3.1 (31. (2 (18. (3. (31 (18 (3 (1

Objective: To evidence by means of a SWOT-R analysis performed by an expert consensus the most worrying characteristics of the register on Home-based and Outpatient Artificial Nutrition. Material and methods: SWOT-R analysis with expert consensus. We requested the participation of the active members of the NADYA group within the last 5 years with the premise of structuring the SWOT-R based on the characteristics of the NADYA registry from its beginning. Results: 18 experts from hospitals all over Spain have participated. The internal analysis seems to be positive, presenting the registry as having important resources. The external analysis did not show a great number of threats, there are very potent factors, "the voluntariness" of the registry and the "dependence on external financing". The opportunities identified are important. The recommendations are aimed at stabilizing the system by decreasing the threats as one of the main focus of the strategies to develop as well as promoting the items identified as opportunities and strengths. Conclusions: The analysis shows that the NADYA register shows a big potentiality for improvement. The proposed recommendations should be structured in order to stay on the track of development and quality improvement that has characterized the NADYA register from the beginning.

Objetivo: Evidenciar mediante un análisis DAFO-R realizado por consenso de expertos las características más acuciantes del registro de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria. Material y método: Análisis DAFO-R por consenso de expertos. Se solicitó la participación de los miembros del grupo NADYA activos en los últimos 5 años bajo la premisa de estructurar el DAFO-R sobre las características del registro NADYA desde su inicio. Resultados: Han participado 18 expertos de diferentes hospitales de la geografía española. El análisis interno se inclina positivamente presentando al registro con recursos importantes. En el análisis externo no son numerosas las amenazas, hay factores de gran potencia, "la voluntariedad del registro" y la "dependencia externa de financiación". Las oportunidades identificadas son importantes. Las recomendaciones se dirigen a la estabilización del sistema disminuyendo las amenazas como foco principal de las estrategias a desarrollar al mismo tiempo que se debe potenciar los puntos identificados en oportunidades y fortalezas. Conclusiones: El registro NADYA se muestra en el análisis con gran potencialidad de mejora. Las recomendaciones propuestas deberán estructurarse para continuar la tendencia de desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de la calidad que ha caracterizado al registro NADYA desde su inicio.

Introduction: The quality assessment in health activities requires the choice of indicators in line with the results we want to measure. Of all possible, we should prioritize those that allow us to obtain the most relevant information without overloading the regular work of our units. Objective: To determine the opinion of the members of SENPE regarding the relevance and feasibility of using a selection of quality indicators designed for use in clinical nutrition. Methods: E-mail survey sent to members of SENPE asking them their views on 12 quality indicators, evaluating each in terms of their relevance and feasibility of implementation in their environment. Results: 40 respondents answered from 40 centers in 12 different regions. In general, the indicators were considered more relevant than feasible. The indicators best rated were: "identification in artificial nutrition bags, "semi-recumbent position in patient with nasogastric tube feeding" and "basic clinical protocols". Considering the type of indicator: "patient identification in the bags of artificial nutrition (structure)," a semi-incorporated "and" basic clinical protocols (process), and "fulfillment of the caloric goal" (result). Conclusion: The results of the survey can make a selection of indicators that could be considered for first-line introduction in a Nutrition Unit.

Introducción: La evaluación de la calidad en las actividades sanitarias exige la elección de unos indicadores acordes con los resultados que queremos medir. De todos los posibles, debemos priorizar aquellos que nos permitan obtener la información más relevante sin sobrecargar el trabajo habitual de nuestras Unidades. Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los socios de SENPE respecto a la relevancia y la viabilidad del uso de una selección de indicadores de calidad para su aplicación en nutrición clínica. Métodos: Encuesta remitida mediante correo electrónico a los socios de SENPE solicitando a los mismos su opinión sobre 12 indicadores de calidad, valorándose cada uno en cuanto a su relevancia y factibilidad de la aplicación en su medio. Resultados: Contestaron 40 encuestados de 40 centros diferentes de 12 comunidades autónomas. En general, los indicadores fueron considerados más relevantes que factibles. Los indicadores mejor puntuados fueron: "identificación en las bolsas de nutrición artificial", "posición semi-incorporada del paciente con nutrición enteral por sonda nasogástrica" y "protocolos clínicos básicos". Considerando los indicadores por grupos (de estructura, proceso o resultado) los mejor valorados fueron: "identificación del paciente en las bolsas de nutrición artificial" (estructura), "posición semi-incorporada" y "protocolos clínicos básicos" (proceso), y "cumplimiento del objetivo calórico" (resultado). Conclusión: Los resultados de la encuesta permiten seleccionar indicadores prioritarios para su aplicación en las Unidades de Nutrición.

In this study, the fixed - bed adsorption of carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide - nitrogen mixture on zeolite 13X was investigated. The adsorption equilibrium and breakthrough curves were determined at different temperatures - 301 - 306 K, 323 K, 373 K and 423 K. A model based on the LDF approximation for the mass transfer, considering the energy and momentum balances, was used to describe the adsorption kinetics of carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide - nitrogen mixture. The model acceptably reproduced all of the breakthrough curves and can be considered as adequate for designing a PSA cycle to separate carbon dioxidenitrogen mixtures.

The aim of this contribution is to provide a preliminary evaluation of the endangered species of ferns and Lycophyta that inhabit Argentina, in order to recommend strategies for their conservation. For this purpose, we considered the endemic taxa as well as those which grow in reduced areas from neighboring countries. Categories (from 1 to 5) were assigned according to the PlanEar procedure, taking into account the distribution of the taxa and their relative abundance or rarity. As a result of this study, 18 of 34 endemic taxa of ferns and Lycophyta growing in Argentina were considered endangered (categories 4, 4-5, 5). The main cause of flora threat is loss or degradation of habitats by human activities, which affect the survival of many endemic plants from Argentina. Integrated strategies for conservation, emphasizing in situ preservation in their natural habitats, together with ex situ conservation by means of spore banks are suggested.

El objetivo de esta contribución es realizar una evaluación preliminar del grado de amenaza de los helechos y Lycophyta que crecen en Argentina, con el fin de proponer estrategias para su conservación. Para ello se tuvieron en cuenta los taxa endémicos así como aquellos que crecen en áreas reducidas de países limítrofes. Las categorías (1 a 5) fueron asignadas de acuerdo con las propuestas por el PlanEar, considerando el área de distribución y su abundancia relativa o rareza. Como resultado de este estudio, 18 taxa de helechos y Lycophyta de Argentina fueron considerados amenazados (categorías 4, 4-5, 5), de un total de 34 taxa endémicos. La principal causa de amenaza de la flora en esta región es la pérdida o degradación del hábitat por las actividades humanas, poniendo en riesgo la supervivencia de muchos taxa endémicos. Se sugieren estrategias combinadas de conservación, con énfasis en la protección in situ junto con la conservación ex situ en bancos de esporas.

Tribe Rhodniini includes Rhodnius Stål and Psammolestes Bergroth. Enzymatic and molecular evidence suggest the tribe is monophyletic. Most species are wild, living in palms and bird nests. Traditionally both genera were considered related; nevertheless, molecular studies don't support the Rhodnius monophyly. The goal was to phylogenetically analyze morphometric variation in wing architecture in support of Rhodniini taxonomy and systematics. We photographed 524 wings of five representatives of Rhodniini: Psammolestes arthuri (Pinto) (n = 89), Rhodnius pictipes Stål (n = 21), R. robustus Larrousse (n = 24), R. prolixus Stål (n = 16), and R. neivai Lent (n = 22). As outgroups we studied four representatives of Triatomini: Eratyrus mucronatus Stål (n = 15), Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Champion) (n = 45), P. geniculatus (Latreille) (n = 183), and Triatoma maculata (Erichson) (n = 109). Landmark coordinate (x, y) configurations were registered and aligned by Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Covariance Analyses were implemented with proportions of re-classified groups and MANO VA. Then, wing shape variables (confidence intervals from relative warps) and centroid size were cladistically analysed. Statistical analyses of variance found not significant differences in wing isometric size (Kruskal-Wallis) among P. arthuri-R. neivai-R. pictipes; R. robustus-R. prolixus-T. maculata and between P. rufotuberculatus-P. geniculatus. The a posteriori re-classification was perfect in E. mucrunatus 100% and R. pictipes, followed by T. maculata 96%, R. neivai 95%, P arthuri 93.2%; R. prolixus 87.5%, P. geniculatus 87.4%, P. rufotuberculatus 84.4%, and R. robustus 76%. Cladistic analyses under parsimony selected two most parsimonious trees (L=4.461 IC=0.973 and IR=0.979), where the strict consensus showed a monophyletic group with Panstrongylus (rufotuberculatus + geniculatus) and Triatoma + Rhodniini (Rhodinus + Psammolestes), but internally it shows the paraphyly of Rhodnius regarding Psammolestes. The congruence between these results and previous molecular analyses in Rhodniini, reveal the phylogenetic information of our morphometric characters as support to systematic studies, allowing the combination of geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic methods for the first time in this group.

La tribu Rhodniini incluye los géneros Rhodnius Stål y Psammolestes Bergroth. Evidencias enzimática y molecular sugieren la monofilia de la tribu. La mayoría de las especies son selváticas encontrándose en palmas y en nidos de aves. Tradicionalmente ambos géneros fueron considerados grupos relacionados; no obstante, estudios moleculares cuestionan la monofilia de Rhodnius. El objetivo fue analizar filogenéticamente la variación morfométrica en la arquitectura alar, como apoyo a la taxonomía y sistemática en Rhodniini. Se fotografiaron 524 alas de cinco representantes de Rhodniini: Psammolestes arthuri (Pinto) (n = 89), Rhodnius pictipes Stål, (n = 21), R. robustus Larrousse (n = 24), R. prolixus Stål, (n = 16) y R. neivai Lent (n = 22). Como grupos externos se estudiaron cuatro representantes de Triatomini: Eratyrus mucronatus Stål (n = 15), Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Champion) (n = 45), P. geniculatus (Latreille) (n = 183) y Triatoma maculata (Erichson) (n = 109). Se registraron configuraciones de coordenadas (x, y) y se alinearon mediante Análisis Generalizado de Procrustes. Se efectuaron Análisis de Covarianza con proporción de grupos re-clasificados y MANO VA. Luego, las variables de la forma alar (intervalos de confianza de las deformaciones relativas) y el tamaño del centroide se analizaron cladísticamente. Los análisis estadísticos de varianza no encontraron diferencias significativas (Kruskal-Wallis) en el tamaño isométrico del ala en las especies P. arthuri - R. neivai - R. pictipes; R. robustus - R. prolixus - T. maculata y entre P. rufotuberculatus - P. geniculatus. La reclasificación a posteriori fue perfecta para E. mucrunatus 100% y R. pictipes, seguidas de T. maculata con 96%, R. neivai 95%, P arthuri 93.2%; R. prolixus 87.5%, P. geniculatus 87.4%, P. rufotuberculatus 84.4%, y R. robustus 76%. Los análisis cladísticos con parsimonia seleccionaron dos árboles de mínima longitud (L = 4.461 IC = 0.973 e IR = 0.979). El consenso estricto muestra la monofilia de Panstrongylus (rufotuberculatus + geniculatus) y Triatoma + Rhodniini (Rhodinus + Psammolestes), pero internamente la parafilia de Rhodnius respecto a Psammolestes. Estos resultados son congruentes con análisis moleculares previos en Rhodniini, lo cual revela la información filogenética de caracteres morfométricos como apoyo a los estudios sistemáticos, permitiendo combinar por primera vez en este grupo los análisis de morfometría geométrica y métodos filogenéticos.

The ferns and licophytes from the National Park Lago Puelo, Chubut, Argentina were studied. We registered 47 taxa with 12 of them new records for the province of Chubut and 1new to Patagonia. A high taxonom-ic diversity was observed, with about 50 % of the Patagonian fern flora represented. Some of the taxa are growing exclusively in this area and in Chile at the same latitudes. The Puelo pass, which is connect-ing Argentina and Chile, at the lowest altitude of the North- Patagonian Andes, constituted a penetrating route of Valdivian species. The presence of pasture livestock, the invasion of exotic plants and the latent fires, are the principals dangers for the survival of the Flora in this area. Therefore these areas of the Subantartic Forest merit special attention for conservation. A taxonomic key is included and a distribu-tion map that shows the areas of highest diversity of ferns and lycophytes within the national park is given. For each taxon the geographical distribution and ecology data are also given.

Se estudiaron los helechos y licofitas presentes en el Parque Nacional Lago Puelo, Chubut, Argentina. Se determinó la presencia de 47 taxa, de los cuales 12 constituyen nuevos registros para la Provincia de Chubut y 1 para la Región Patagónica. Se observó una elevada diversidad taxonómica, representando más del 50 % de la flora patagónica. Varios de los taxa crecen exclusivamente en el área y en Chile a iguales latitudes. El paso Puelo, que conecta Argentina y Chile, es el más bajo de la Cordillera de los Andes en Norpatagonia y es vía de ingreso de especies valdivianas. La presencia de animales de pastoreo, invasión de plantas exóticas y el riesgo latente de incendios, significan un peligro para la supervivencia de la flora del Parque. Todas estas características hacen que estas áreas de los Bosques Subantárticos merezcan una especial atención para su conservación. Se presentan claves para la determinación de los taxa y un mapa de ubicación de las áreas de mayor diversidad de helechos y licofitas dentro del parque. Para cada taxón registrado se da la distribución geográfica y datos ecológicos en el área de estudio.

Um modelo de extensão de curvas de lactância foi utilizado para determinar o efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (bST-r) sobre a produção de leite em vacas Holstein. Este modelo, que utiliza os valores ajustados obtidos pelo modelo de Wood, foi testato nos registros de 66 vacas. A produção de leite predita com o modelo de extensão e a produção observada foram comparadas e não se observaram diferenças significativas (P>0,05). Uma vez validado o modelo de extensão, utilizaram-se os controles de produção de leite (de cada 15 dias) de 199 vacas. As vacas receberam injeções de 500mg de bST-r via subcutânea. As injeções fora aplicadas a partir dos 100 dias de lactação a intervalos de 14 dias (sete injeções). A produção de leite observada foi comparada com a produção esperada com o modelo de extensão. Observou-se um incremento de 5,3% na produção de leite em resposta à bST-r. Este incremento foi menor que o relatado na literatura em resposta ao hormônio do crescimento em vacas leiteiras. O modelo de extensão usado é confiável para estender a curva de lactação na vaca Holstein, e o aumento do rendimento de leite em resposta à aplicação de bST-r, determinado no mesmo animal usando o modelo de extensão, foi inferior ao observado por outros autores.

An extension model of lactation curves was used to determine the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST-r) on milk yield in Holstein dairy cattle. This model use the fitted values obtained by the Wood model, and was tested on the records of 66 cows. The milk yield predicted with the extension model and the observed yield were compared and no significant differences were observed (P>0.05). Once the extension model was validated, the milk yield tests of 199 cows were used. The cows received bST-r 500mg by subcutaneous injections. The injections were applied after 100 days in milk at 14-day intervals (seven injections). The observed milk yield was compared with the yield expected by the extension model. An increase of 5.3% was observed in milk yield in response to the bST-r. This increase is lower than that reported in the literature in response to the growth hormone in dairy cattle. It is concluded that extension model used in the present work is reliable for extending the lactation curve in Holstein cows, and the increase in milk yield in response to the application of bST-r, determined in the same animal using the extension model, was lower than that reported by other authors.