The species Oryza sativa (rice) and Musa cavendishii (banana) are sources of cellulose-rich waste biomass in the Amazon region, Tocantins State. This research investigates the nanoscale production of cellulose through the interactions between three choline amino acid ionic liquids Ch[AA]IL and the respective fibers by pretreatment. To this end, the synthesis of three ILs was carried out: choline arginate Ch[Arg], choline glycinate Ch[Gly] and choline lysinate Ch[Lys], characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples resulting from the pretreatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was possible to infer from the SEM micrographs that Ch[Arg] caused greater fiber breakage than the other ILs. The TEM analyses identified fibers up to 16 nm in diameter. Positive effects were observed in the diffractograms, although no crystallinity was obtained in the pretreated samples. Thermogravimetry curves showed that the fibers treated with Ch[Arg] showed higher thermal stability. rice (rice banana (banana celluloserich rich region State ChAAIL Ch AA IL end out ChArg, ChArg Arg , ChGly Gly Ch[Gly ChLys, ChLys Lys Ch[Lys] FTIR. FTIR . (FTIR) SEM, (SEM) TEM, (TEM) Xray X ray XRD (XRD TGA. TGA (TGA) Ch[Arg 1 diameter diffractograms stability Ch[Lys (FTIR (SEM (TEM (TGA

RESUMO As pimenteiras ornamentais apresentam variabilidade genética que pode ser acessada por meio de caracteres morfológicos e moleculares. A seleção de genótipos para formação de população base para o melhoramento pode ser realizada por meio de análise conjunta de vários tipos de dados, proporcionando maior precisão na seleção. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade entre acessos de pimenta com base na análise de características fenotípicas e marcadores moleculares e selecionar os melhores para serem utilizados como parentais em programas de melhoramento. O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizados 16 genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, e caracterizados quanto a oito caracteres quantitativos, nove qualitativos e 18 pares de iniciadores microssatélites. As análises simultâneas das variáveis foram realizadas usando o método de agrupamento de Tocher, agrupamento do algoritmo de Ward e a matriz de dissimilaridades. Os métodos de agrupamentos foram eficientes na separação dos genótipos, identificando variabilidade genética e precisão na seleção por meio da análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Diferentes grupos foram formados entre os genótipos pelo método de Tocher (seis grupos) e pelo método de Ward (três grupos). Existe variabilidade genética entre os genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, considerando análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Características qualitativas são importantes na identificação de divergência genética entre acessos de pimenteira ornamental. Os genótipos UFPB 46, 134, 137, 443 e 449, o mini pimentão Akamu e a cultivar Calypso são indicados para seleção, podem ser utilizados para realizar cruzamentos e dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento genético. perspectiva Paraíba Brasil 1 quantitativos microssatélites dissimilaridades seis três grupos. . ornamental 46 134 137 44 449 genético 4 13

ABSTRACT Ornamental pepper plants have genetic variability, which can be accessed through morphological and molecular traits. Genotype selection to form the base population for breeding can be performed through the joint analysis of several types of data, providing greater selection accuracy. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity among pepper accessions based on analysis of phenotypic traits and molecular markers and to select the best ones to use as parents in breeding programs. The study was carried out at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. Sixteen ornamental pepper genotypes were used and characterized for eight quantitative traits, nine qualitative traits, and 18 pairs of microsatellite primers. Simultaneous variable analyses were performed using Tocher’s clustering method, Ward’s clustering algorithm, and the dissimilarity matrix. The clustering methods were efficient in separating the genotypes, identifying genetic variability, and accuracy in the selection through the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Different groups were formed among the genotypes by Tocher’s method (six groups) and Ward’s method (three groups). There is genetic variability among ornamental pepper genotypes considering the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Qualitative traits are important in the identification of genetic divergence among ornamental pepper accessions. The UFPB genotypes 46, 134, 137, 443 and 449, the mini pepper Akamu, and the cultivar Calypso are indicated for selection and can be used to carry out crosses and continue the breeding program. data perspective programs Paraíba Brazil 1 primers Tochers Tocher s Wards Ward algorithm matrix six three groups. . 46 134 137 44 449 Akamu program 4 13

In silico and in vitro tests can reveal promising anti-leishmania activity for natural products and their derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate in silico the pharmacological activities of potential new chalcones and their leishmanicidal potential in vitro. The in silico study was carried out using the PASS, MolPredictX and Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 programs. Antiparasitic activity was assessed in axenic promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis. The cytotoxicity tests used the J77G8 cell line. The chalcones exhibited 50% cytotoxic concentration values (CC50) values > 50 μM. Chalcone 4 (named FERAI) presented the best activity with concentration for 50% of promastigotes and intracellular parasites forms (EC50) of 9.75 ± 1.7 and 10.13 ± 1.7 μM for promastigote and amastigote, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing presented increased ROS levels in the parasite at the FERAI concentrations of 10 μM (56.33%), 20 μM (61.76%) and 30 μM (67.13%). Molecular docking revealed interactions (binding energy) between FERAI and the enzymes UDP-glycosyl pyrophosphorylase (-56.8384), dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase (-132.276) and trypanothione-reductase (-151.281). Our results demonstrated the anti-leishmanial activity of chalcones, especially FERAI, with a noted raising of ROS levels in the parasite. Molecular docking revealed dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and trypanothione reductase as potential pharmacological targets for FERAI. antileishmania anti leishmania derivatives PASS 60 6 0 6. programs braziliensis JG J G J77G line CC50 CC (CC50 5 named EC50 EC (EC50 975 9 75 9.7 17 1 7 1. 1013 13 10.1 respectively (ROS 56.33%, 5633 56.33% , 56 33 (56.33%) 2 61.76% 6176 61 76 (61.76% 3 67.13%. 6713 67.13% . 67 (67.13%) binding energy UDPglycosyl UDP glycosyl 56.8384, 568384 56.8384 8384 (-56.8384) dihydroorotatedehydrogenase 132.276 132276 132 276 (-132.276 trypanothionereductase 151.281. 151281 151.281 151 281 (-151.281) antileishmanial leishmanial CC5 (CC5 EC5 (EC5 97 9. 101 10. 563 56.33 (56.33% 61.76 617 (61.76 671 67.13 (67.13% 56838 56.838 838 (-56.8384 132.27 13227 27 (-132.27 15128 151.28 15 28 (-151.281 (CC (EC 56.3 (56.33 61.7 (61.7 67.1 (67.13 5683 56.83 83 (-56.838 132.2 1322 (-132.2 1512 151.2 (-151.28 56. (56.3 61. (61. 67. (67.1 568 56.8 8 (-56.83 132. (-132. 151. (-151.2 (56. (61 (67. (-56.8 (-132 (-151. (56 (6 (67 (-56. (-13 (-151 (5 ( (-56 (-1 (-15 (-5 (-

The essential oil extracted from Anemia tomentosa (EOAT) has shown larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti, based on methods in vitro and in silico. Chromatographic and spectrometric techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)), as well as mono and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to assess 10 essential oil components. Chemical composition of essential oil comprised 87.51% sesquiterpenes, with emphasis on presilphiperfolan-1-ol (42.13%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (19.47%). Larvicidal assay conducted in vitro with EOAT has evidenced potential cytotoxic activity up to 48 h exposure to it; mortality rate observed for A. aegypti larvae exposed to essential oil reached 100%. Study conducted in silico with chemical compounds deriving from the herein investigated plant species has evidenced its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in A. aegypti. Activity of triquinane sesquiterpenes ranging from -6.8 to -8.2 kcal mol-1 stood out in comparison to that of temephos (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Chemical compounds identified in the investigated essential oil presented low human and environmental toxicity, as observed in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) predictions. (EOAT chromatographymass chromatography mass CGMS, CGMS CG MS , (CG-MS) chromatographyflame flame GCFID, GCFID GC FID (GC-FID)) NMR (NMR 1 components 8751 87 51 87.51 presilphiperfolan1ol presilphiperfolanol presilphiperfolan ol 42.13% 4213 42 13 (42.13% silphiperfol5ene silphiperfolene silphiperfol 5 ene 19.47%. 1947 19.47% . 19 47 (19.47%) 4 it A 100 100% 6.8 68 6 8 -6. 8.2 82 2 -8. mol1 mol mol- 7.5 75 7 (-7. mol1. mol-1) absorption distribution excretion ADMETox (ADMETox predictions (CG-MS (GC-FID) 875 87.5 42.13 421 (42.13 194 19.47 (19.47% 6. -6 8. -8 7. (-7 (GC-FID 87. 42.1 (42.1 19.4 (19.47 - (- 42. (42. 19. (19.4 ( (42 (19. (4 (19 (1

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant. development FA (FA GC. GC . (GC) results variables Additionally NMR (NMR FA. study HM TAGs. TAGs (TAGs) 4921 49 21 49.21 SFAs, , (SFAs) 3432 34 32 34.32 MUFA, MUFA (MUFA) 1647 16 47 16.47 PUFA, PUFA (PUFA) 214 2 14 2.14 (DHA 1302 13 02 13.02 LA. (LA) hand 56.2 562 56 (56. 5802 58 58.02% respectively 40.56 4056 40 (40.5 4095 95 40.95% respectively, 3.24 324 3 24 (3.2 103 1 03 1.03% 0.03 003 0 (0.0 043 43 0.43% 1.46 146 46 (1.4 276 76 2.76% respectively. longchain long chain LCFAs, LCFAs (LCFAs) abundant (GC (TAGs 492 4 49.2 (SFAs 343 34.3 (MUFA 164 16.4 (PUFA 2.1 130 13.0 (LA 56. 5 (56 580 58.02 40.5 405 (40. 409 9 40.95 3.2 (3. 10 1.03 0.0 00 (0. 04 0.43 1.4 (1. 27 7 2.76 (LCFAs 49. 34. 16. 2. 13. (5 58.0 40. (40 40.9 3. (3 1.0 0. (0 0.4 1. (1 2.7 ( 58. (4

Food contamination is a public health problem, and the search for natural additives to increase food stability and safety is challenging. This research aimed to study nanoemulsions produced with coriander essential oil and kefiran, an exopolysaccharide extracted from kefir grains. The composition of coriander essential oil was evaluated, revealing linalool as the main component. An experimental design consisting of six trials was conducted. The NE2 formulation (0.5% kefiran and 1.5% coriander essential oil) exhibited smaller particle size, monodispersity, a lower centrifugal stability coefficient, and higher absolute zeta potential values (> 30 mV), indicating high electrical stability. Morphology, thermal stability, and toxicity tests were performed. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined and applied to commercial cheese. Thermal stability tests demonstrated an increase in the stability of NE2 compared to its individual components, and it was also proven to be non-toxic. The concentration of 25% m v-1 was identified as the minimum bactericidal concentration and was applied to commercial cheese. problem challenging grains evaluated component conducted NE 0.5% 05 0 5 (0.5 15 1 1.5 size monodispersity coefficient > ( 3 mV, mV , mV) Morphology performed cheese components nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic 25 v1 v v- 0.5 (0. 1. 2 0. (0

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a secagem da polpa de trapiá com a adição de aditivos de secagem, determinando a cinética de secagem e as propriedades termodinâmicas das amostras. Foram elaboradas formulações a partir da polpa e os aditivos monoglicerídeos, carboximetilcelulose - CMC e goma guar em diferentes combinações e concentrações (F1 - 0,5% de CMC e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos; F2 - 0,5% de Goma Guar e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos; e F3 - 0,25% de Goma Guar, 0,5% de CMC e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos). A secagem foi realizada a 50, 60 e 70 ºC com camadas de 0,5 cm de espessura. A cinética de secagem foi determinada e diferentes modelos matemáticos foram ajustados aos dados. O modelo Midilli foi o que melhor representou a cinética de secagem, com coeficientes de determinação ≥ 0,9985. As difusividades efetivas aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura, com magnitudes da ordem de 10-10 m2 s-1. As variações de entalpia (ΔH) diminuíram com o aumento da temperatura e foram positivas. As variações de entropia (ΔS) foram negativas e inversamente proporcionais à temperatura. A variação da energia livre de Gibbs (ΔG) foi positiva e aumentou com o aumento da temperatura. amostras monoglicerídeos F1 F (F 05 0 5 Monoglicerídeos 025 25 0,25 Monoglicerídeos. . Monoglicerídeos) 50 6 7 0, espessura dados 09985 9985 0,9985 1010 10 10-1 m s1. s1 s 1. 1 s-1 ΔH (ΔH positivas ΔS (ΔS ΔG (ΔG 02 2 0,2 0998 998 0,998 101 10- s- 099 99 0,99 09 9 0,9

ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to study the drying of trapiá pulp with the addition of drying aids, determining the drying kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the samples. Formulations of the pulp was treated with the additives monoglycerides, carboxymethylcellulose - CMC and guar gum in different combinations and concentrations (F1 - 0.5% CMC and 0.5% Monoglycerides; F2 - 0.5% Guar Gum and 0.5% Monoglycerides; and F3 - 0.25% Guar Gum, 0.5% CMC and 0.5% Monoglycerides) trapiá. Drying was carried out at 50, 60 and 70 ºC with 0.5 cm thick layers. The drying kinetics were determined, and different mathematical models fitted to the data. The Midilli model best represented the drying kinetics, with determination coefficients ≥ 0.9985. The effective diffusivities increased with increase in temperature with magnitudes to the order of 10-10 m2 s-1. The enthalpy variations (ΔH) reduced with increase in temperature and were positive. The entropy variations (ΔS) were negative and inversely proportional to the temperature. The variation in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was positive and increased with increase in temperature. aids samples monoglycerides F1 F (F 05 0 5 Monoglycerides 025 25 0.25 50 6 7 0. layers determined data 09985 9985 0.9985 1010 10 10-1 m s1. s1 s 1. 1 s-1 ΔH (ΔH ΔS (ΔS ΔG (ΔG 02 2 0.2 0998 998 0.998 101 10- s- 099 99 0.99 09 9 0.9

Bredemeyera Willd. is a genus of the Polygalaceae family, occurring in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal potential, in vitro and in silico, of Bredemeyera brevifolia extracts. The identification of fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector showed that palmitic (36.55 mg g−1), margaric (3.66 mg g−1), linolelaidic (108.82 mg g−1), oleic (7.86 mg g−1), stearic (41.11 mg g−1), dihomo-γ-linolenic (85.48 mg g−1), and arachidic (209.00 mg g−1) acids are present in the hexane extract. From the chloroform extract, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone was isolated and identified. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay with methanolic extract demonstrated antifungal activity against species of the genus Candida, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton for up to 96 h, with values ranging from 64-1024 μg mL−1. The in silico study with the chemical compounds of this species showed fungal inhibition potential of sterol-14-α-demethylase, highlighting 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which presented an affinity energy of -8.8 kcal mol−1, greater than that observed for fluconazole (−8.3 kcal mol−1). The fatty acids interacted with the active site of the enzyme but presented energies ≥ −7.4 kcal mol−1. Compounds isolated from this species have pharmacokinetic potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Willd family Brazil extracts chromatographymass chromatography mass chromatographyflame flame 36.55 3655 36 55 (36.5 g−1, g1 g g−1 , 1 3.66 366 3 66 (3.6 108.82 10882 108 82 (108.8 7.86 786 7 86 (7.8 41.11 4111 41 11 (41.1 dihomoγlinolenic dihomo γ linolenic 85.48 8548 85 48 (85.4 209.00 20900 209 00 (209.0 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone 1hydroxy37dimethoxyxanthone hydroxydimethoxyxanthone hydroxy 3,7 dimethoxyxanthone identified Candida Sporothrix 9 h 641024 64 1024 64-102 mL1 mL mL−1 sterol14αdemethylase, sterol14αdemethylase sterolαdemethylase sterol 14 α demethylase, demethylase sterol-14-α-demethylase 1hydroxy3,7dimethoxyxanthone, dimethoxyxanthone, 8.8 88 8 -8. mol1 mol mol−1 −8.3 83 (−8. . mol−1) 74 4 −7. formulations 36.5 365 5 (36. g− 3.6 6 (3. 108.8 1088 10 (108. 7.8 78 (7. 41.1 411 (41. 85.4 854 (85. 209.0 2090 20 0 (209. 1hydroxy3 7dimethoxyxanthone 37 3, 64102 102 64-10 mL− αdemethylase 8. -8 mol− −8. (−8 −7 36. (36 3. (3 108. (108 7. (7 41. (41 85. (85 209. 2 (209 1hydroxy 6410 64-1 - −8 (− − ( (10 (4 (8 (20 641 64- (1 (2

RESUMO O ácido ascórbico é um composto não-enzimático com ação antioxidante na desintoxicação de espécies reativas de oxigênio em plantas submetidas a condições de estresses abióticos. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar as trocas gasosas, a eficiência fotoquímica e o crescimento da goiabeira cv. Paluma sob diferentes níveis de reposição de água e aplicação foliar de ácido ascórbico na fase pós-enxertia. O experimento foi desenvolvido sob condições de casa de vegetação, no Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, na ParaíbaPB. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 4, cujos tratamentos resultaram da combinação de dois fatores: duas lâminas de água de irrigação (50 e 100% da evapotranspiração real - ETr) e quatro concentrações de ácido ascórbico - AsA (0, 30, 60 e 90 mM), com três repetições. A irrigação com lâmina de 50% da ETr reduziu o crescimento em diâmetro do porta enxerto, do enxerto, da copa e volume de copa; assim como as trocas gasosas: condutância estomática e, a transpiração, e os índices de fluorescência máxima e variável da goiabeira cv. Paluma. A concentração de 90 mM de ácido ascórbico aumenta a taxa de assimilação de CO2 e a eficiência instantânea do uso da água e diminuiu o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar das plantas de goiabeira, aos 240 dias após o transplantio. nãoenzimático não enzimático abióticos disso objetivouse objetivou se gasosas cv pósenxertia. pósenxertia pós enxertia. enxertia pós-enxertia vegetação Naturais Grande ParaíbaPB casualizados 4 fatores 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 6 9 mM, , mM) repetições enxerto transpiração CO 24 transplantio 5 ( 10 3 1

ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid is a non-enzymatic compound with antioxidant action in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in plants subjected to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and growth of guava cv. Paluma under water replacement levels and foliar application of ascorbic acid in the post-grafting phase. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources, at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Paraíba, PB, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, whose treatments resulted from the combination of two factors: two levels of irrigation water (50 and 100% of actual evapotranspiration - ETr) and four concentrations of ascorbic acid - AsA (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM), with three repetitions. Irrigation with a 50% ETr depth reduced the growth in rootstock diameter, scion diameter, and scion volume, as well as gas exchange: stomatal conductance, transpiration, and maximum and variable fluorescence indices of guava cv. Paluma. Ascorbic acid concentration of 90 mM increases the CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous water use efficiency and reduces electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of guava plants, 240 days after transplanting. nonenzymatic non enzymatic conditions Therefore exchange cv postgrafting post grafting phase Resources Grande Paraíba PB Brazil used arrangement factors 50 (5 100 0, 0 (0 30 60 9 mM, , mM) repetitions diameter volume conductance transpiration CO 24 transplanting 5 ( 10 3 6 1

RESUMO A aplicação de cinza vegetal na agricultura surge como técnica promissora para potencializar a produtividade agrícola. Sua composição química tem aptidão para aprimorar os atributos do solo, atuando como fertilizante, corretivo e auxiliando na retenção de água. Entretanto, estudos recomendam adoção controlada, para evitar impactos adversos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial da cinza vegetal como estratégia de adubação na cultura do amendoim, com ênfase na otimização da produtividade das plantas e na redução do déficit hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em vasos de 5 dm3; o delineamento experimental aplicado foi em blocos casualizados, formando um esquema fatorial 5x5, correspondente a cinco doses de cinza vegetal (0; 8; 16; 24 e 32 g dm3) e cinco disponibilidades hídricas (25; 50; 75; 100 e 125% da capacidade de campo), com quatro repetições. A cultivar utilizada foi a IAC OL-3. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade para verificar se seguiram a distribuição normal e, posteriormente, submetidos à análise de variância e, quando significativo, submetidos à análise de regressão, a 5% de probabilidade de erro. A cinza vegetal, rica em nutrientes demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável de fonte de nutrientes. Doses entre 18 e 23 g dm-3 de cinza vegetal apresentaram os resultados mais satisfatórios. A disponibilidade hídrica que melhor respondeu foi de 96 a 112%. A cinza vegetal, nas doses de 23 e 20 g dm-3, contribuiu no consumo da água e na eficiência hídrica do solo. agrícola solo fertilizante Entretanto controlada adversos amendoim hídrico dm3 dm casualizados 5x5 x 0 (0 8 16 2 3 25 (25 50 75 10 125 campo, campo , campo) repetições OL3. OL3 OL 3. OL-3 posteriormente significativo regressão erro 1 dm- satisfatórios 9 112 112% dm3, 3, 5x ( (2 7 12 OL- 11

ABSTRACT The application of wood ash in agriculture emerges as a promising technique to enhance agricultural productivity. Its chemical composition can improve soil attributes, acting as a fertilizer, corrective agent, and assisting in water retention. However, studies recommend controlled adoption to avoid adverse impacts. The objective of this article is to evaluate the potential of wood ash as a fertilization strategy in peanut cultivation, with an emphasis on optimizing plant productivity and reducing water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in 5 dm3 pots; the experimental design applied was randomized blocks, forming a 5x5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five doses of wood ash (0; 8; 16; 24 and 32 g dm-3) and five levels of water availability (25; 50; 75; 100 and 125% of field capacity), with four repetitions. The cultivar used was IAC OL-3. The data were subjected to the normality test to check whether they followed the normal distribution and, subsequently, subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, subjected to regression analysis, at a 5% probability of error. Wood ash, rich in nutrients, proved to be a viable alternative source of nutrients. Doses between 18.4 and 22.8 g dm-3 of wood ash led to the most satisfactory results. The water availability that responded best ranged from 96 to 111.3%. Wood ash, at doses of 22.8 and 19.64 g dm-3, contributed to water consumption and soil water efficiency. attributes fertilizer agent retention However impacts cultivation deficit dm pots blocks x 5x scheme 0 (0 8 16 2 3 25 (25 50 75 10 125 capacity, capacity , capacity) repetitions OL3. OL3 OL 3. OL-3 subsequently significant error nutrients 184 18 4 18. 228 22 22. dm- results 9 1113 111 111.3% 1964 19 64 19.6 dm3, 3, efficiency ( 1 (2 7 12 OL- 11 111.3 196 6 19. 111.

RESUMO O aumento da fertilidade do solo no cultivo de hortaliças apresenta desafios, notadamente usando adubo verde de espécies espontâneas do bioma Caatinga, como a flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera [Ait.] R. Br.). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e otimizar as eficiências física e econômica da rúcula em monocultivo, influenciadas por quantidades variáveis de biomassa de flor-de-seda. Um delineamento em blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições foi utilizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes quantidades de biomassa de C. procera (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 t ha-1 em base seca), juntamente com dois tratamentos adicionais em cada bloco: um controle (sem fertilização) e um com fertilização mineral. A cultivar de rúcula "Cultivada" foi adubada para máxima eficiência produtiva usando 63,31 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera, rendendo 8,45 t ha-1. A maior eficiência agroeconômica otimizada, refletindo uma renda líquida de R$ 111.007,64 por hectare, foi alcançada com 59,26 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera. A taxa de retorno foi de R$ 4,65 para cada real investido, com um índice de rentabilidade de 77,38%. Assim, utilizar biomassa de C. procera como adubo verde é uma tecnologia viável para produtores de rúcula em regiões semiáridas. desafios Caatinga flordeseda flor seda Calotropis Ait. Ait [Ait. R Br.. Br Br. . Br.) monocultivo flordeseda. seda. utilizado C 20, 20 (20 40 60 8 10 ha1 ha 1 ha- seca, , seca) bloco sem mineral Cultivada "Cultivada 6331 63 31 63,3 845 45 8,4 ha1. 1. otimizada 11100764 111 007 64 111.007,6 hectare 5926 59 26 59,2 465 4 65 4,6 investido 7738 77 38 77,38% Assim semiáridas [Ait 2 (2 6 633 3 63, 84 8, 1110076 11 00 111.007, 592 5 59, 46 4, 773 7 77,38 ( 111007 0 111.007 77,3 11100 111.00 77, 1110 111.0 111.

ABSTRACT Enhancing soil fertility in vegetable cultivation presents challenges, notably using green manure from spontaneous species in the Caatinga biome, such as roostertree (Calotropis procera [Ait.] R. Br.). This study aimed to evaluate and optimize the physical and economic efficiencies of monocropped arugula, as influenced by varying amounts of roostertree biomass. We employed a randomized block design with seven treatments and five replications. Treatments involved different quantities of C. procera biomass (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 t ha-1 on a dry basis), along with two additional treatments in each block: a control (no fertilization) and one with mineral fertilization. The "Cultivada" arugula cultivar was fertilized for maximum productive efficiency using 63.31 t ha-1 of C. procera dry biomass, yielding 8.45 t ha-1. The highest optimized agroeconomic efficiency, reflecting a net income of BRL 111,007.64 per hectare, was achieved with 59.26 t ha-1 of C. procera dry biomass. The return rate was BRL 4.65 for every real investment, with a profitability index of 77.38%. Thus, using C. procera biomass as green manure is a viable technology for arugula producers in semi -arid regions. challenges biome Calotropis Ait. Ait [Ait. R Br.. Br Br. . Br.) replications C 20, 20 (20 40 60 80 10 ha1 ha 1 ha- basis, basis , basis) no fertilization Cultivada "Cultivada 6331 63 31 63.3 845 8 45 8.4 ha1. 1. 11100764 111 007 64 111,007.6 hectare 5926 59 26 59.2 465 4 65 4.6 investment 7738 77 38 77.38% Thus arid regions [Ait 2 (2 6 633 3 63. 84 8. 1110076 11 00 111,007. 592 5 59. 46 4. 773 7 77.38 ( 111007 0 111,007 77.3 11100 111,00 77. 1110 111,0 111,

RESUMO Os estresses abióticos, como as altas temperaturas, são potencializados pelas mudanças climáticas. O feijão-fava apresenta maior tolerância às altas temperaturas em comparação ao feijãocomum. O conhecimento dessa tolerância as altas temperaturas de germoplasma landraces de feijão-fava é importante para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento. Assim, objetivouse com este trabalho verificar a resposta de variedades crioulas de feijão-fava do Banco de germoplasma de Phaseolus da Universidade Federal do Piauí (BGP-UFPI, Brasil) às altas temperaturas, em dois ambientes. Foram avaliadas as cinco variedades crioulas com maior desempenho emissão de flores e vagens formadas (UFPI-945, UFPI1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036 e UFPI-1064) e dois ambientes de cultivo natural (29ºC) e controlado (37ºC), utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo uma planta por parcela. Realizou-se a análise de variância e o teste Turkey (P < 0,05) para as dozes variáveis quantitativas, seguidas pela correlação de Pearson. Há variabilidade genética em feijão-fava para tolerância à alta temperatura tanto em ambiente natural quanto controlado. Para os caracteres espessura e largura vagem, número de flores, abortamento de flor e de vagem destacaram-se tanto em ambiente natural quanto controlado o genótipo UFPI-1064. A correlação de Pearson aferiu que o ambiente natural, se sobresaiu com correlações positivas e de altas magnitudes em número e o abortamento de flores. Contudo, em ambiente controlado, o número de vagem e número de sementes por vagem também tiveram correlações de altas magnitudes. abióticos climáticas feijãofava feijão fava feijãocomum melhoramento Assim BGPUFPI, BGPUFPI BGP UFPI, UFPI (BGP-UFPI Brasil UFPI945, UFPI945 945, 945 (UFPI-945 UFPI1037 UFPI876, UFPI876 876, 876 UFPI-876 UFPI1036 1036 UFPI-103 UFPI1064 1064 UFPI-1064 29ºC ºC (29ºC 37ºC, 37ºC , (37ºC) utilizandose utilizando acaso repetições parcela Realizouse Realizou P 0,05 005 0 05 quantitativas destacaramse destacaram UFPI1064. 1064. Contudo UFPI94 94 (UFPI-94 UFPI103 UFPI87 87 UFPI-87 103 UFPI-10 UFPI106 106 UFPI-106 (37ºC 0,0 00 UFPI9 9 (UFPI-9 UFPI10 UFPI8 8 UFPI-8 10 UFPI-1 0, (UFPI- UFPI1 UFPI- 1 (UFPI

ABSTRACT Effects of abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, on plants are exacerbated by climate change. Lima beans exhibit higher tolerance to high temperatures than the common beans. Understanding the tolerance of lima bean landrace germplasm to high temperatures is important to improve their breeding. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the high temperature responses of lima bean landrace varieties obtained from the Phaseolus Germplasm Bank at Universidade Federal do Piauí (BGP-UFPI, Brazil) in two environments. Five landraces showing the best performance in emission of flowers and number of pods formed (UFPI-945, UFPI1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036, and UFPI-1064) were evaluated in two cultivation environments, natural (29 ºC) and controlled (37 ºC), using a completely randomized design with four replications, with each plot consisting of a single plant. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05) were performed for 12 quantitative traits, followed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Lima beans exhibited genetic variability in high temperature tolerance in both natural and controlled environments. Specifically, UFPI-1064 exhibited superior performance with higher pod thickness and width and number of flowers and lower flower and pod abortion than the other varieties in both natural and controlled environments. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed positive and strong correlations between the number of flowers and flower abortion in the natural environment and number of pods and seeds per pod in the controlled environment. stresses change breeding Therefore study BGPUFPI, BGPUFPI BGP UFPI, UFPI (BGP-UFPI Brazil environments UFPI945, UFPI945 945, 945 (UFPI-945 UFPI1037 UFPI876, UFPI876 876, 876 UFPI-876 UFPI1036, UFPI1036 1036, 1036 UFPI-1036 UFPI1064 1064 29 (2 ºC 37 (3 ºC, , replications plant Tukeys Tukey s P 0.05 005 0 05 1 traits Pearsons Pearson Specifically UFPI-106 UFPI94 94 (UFPI-94 UFPI103 UFPI87 87 UFPI-87 103 UFPI-103 UFPI106 106 2 ( 3 0.0 00 UFPI-10 UFPI9 9 (UFPI-9 UFPI10 UFPI8 8 UFPI-8 10 0. UFPI-1 (UFPI- UFPI1 UFPI- (UFPI

RESUMO Compostos derivados de petróleo presentes no solo podem comprometer o crescimento das plantas e inibir o desenvolvimento da população microbiana. Esses contaminantes diminuem a porosidade do solo, dificultam a absorção de água e podem interromper processos metabólicos das plantas. Assim, nesta pesquisa buscou-se avaliar os efeitos da presença no solo de três hidrocarbonetos no solo sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de espécies forrageiras e nos indicadores microbiológicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em fatorial de 5×4, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas espécies avaliadas (Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum e Sorghum bicolor), e o segundo fator correspondendo a presença dos contaminantes: benzeno, tolueno ou xileno e solo sem contaminante. As espécies foram cultivadas por 42 dias. A tolerância das espécies dependeu do tipo de contaminante presente no solo. A massa seca total da P. glaucum foi reduzida em 26%, 10% e 32% para o tolueno, benzeno e xileno, respectivamente. Z. mays teve o crescimento reduzido na presença do tolueno (13%) e do benzeno (21%). S. bicolor teve sua matéria seca aumentada em 58% com o xileno. B. ruziziensis e P. maximum foram tolerantes para todos os contaminantes. A magnitude dos efeitos dos contaminantes nos indicadores microbiológicos do solo dependeu da espécie cultivada. A tolerância das plantas e da comunidade microbiana do solo aos contaminantes depende da espécie forrageira utilizada e deve ser aspecto importante para a seleção de plantas para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Assim buscouse buscou se casualizados repetições 54 5 4 5×4 Pennisetum bicolor, , bicolor) dias P 26 26% 10 32 respectivamente Z 13% 13 (13% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) S 58 B cultivada degradadas 5× 2 1 3 (13 (21% (1 (21 ( (2

ABSTRACT Oil-derived compounds present in the soil can compromise plant growth and inhibit the development of the microbial population. These contaminants reduce soil porosity, hinder water absorption, and can disrupt plant metabolic processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the presence of three hydrocarbons in the soil on the growth and development of forage species and on soil microbiological indicators. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a 5×4 factorial, with the first factor consisting of the species evaluated (Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum and Sorghum bicolor) and the second factor corresponding to the presence of contaminants: benzene, toluene or xylene and soil without contaminants. The species were grown for 42 days. The tolerance of the species depended on the type of contaminant present in the soil. The total dry matter of P. glaucum was reduced by 26%, 10% and 32% for toluene, benzene and xylene, respectively. Z. mays had its growth reduced in the presence of toluene (13%) and benzene (21%). S. bicolor had its dry matter increased by 58% with xylene. B. ruziziensis and P. maximum were tolerant to all contaminants. The magnitude of the effects of contaminants on soil microbiological indicators depended on the species grown. The tolerance of plants and soil microbial community to contaminants depends on the forage species used and should be an important aspect when selecting plants to restore degraded areas. Oilderived Oil derived population porosity absorption processes replications 54 5 4 5× factorial Pennisetum days P 26 26% 10 32 respectively Z 13% 13 (13% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) S 58 B areas 2 1 3 (13 (21% (1 (21 ( (2

RESUMO O aporte de resíduos vegetais ao longo dos ciclos da cana-de-açúcar favorece o incremento de matéria orgânica e atividade de microrganismos no solo, especialmente nas camadas superficiais. A textura do solo também tem um efeito importante nos processos ecológicos e na qualidade do solo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar atributos biológicos do solo em diferentes ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar sob colheita mecanizada, em um Latossolo da região de cerrado do Brasil Central. O estudo foi realizado em áreas comerciais de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na safra 2018/2019, consideradas homogêneas em termos de condições edafoclimáticas, tendo como fonte de variação entre as áreas os ciclos de cultivo (C1: um ciclo de cultivo; C3: três ciclos de cultivo; C7: sete ciclos de cultivo) e uma área de vegetação de cerrado selecionada como referência. Foram determinadas variáveis microbiológicas nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. As variáveis relacionados à biomassa microbiana e textura foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais. Áreas com ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar mais longos apresentaram maior proporção de carbono da biomassa microbiana no carbono orgânico total nas camadas subterrâneas (quociente microbiano). O desempenho da comunidade microbiana do solo, expresso pelos indicadores carbono orgânico total e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foi associado à maior presença de argila e silte, ou seja, partículas de solo menores que 0,02 mm. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar superficiais sentido mecanizada Central 20182019 2018 2019 2018/2019 edafoclimáticas C1 C (C1 C3 C7 referência 00,10 0010 0 0,10 10 0-0,1 0,100,20 010020 0,20 20 0,10-0,2 m principais quociente microbiano. microbiano . microbiano) silte seja 002 02 0,0 mm 2018201 201 2018/201 (C 00 00,1 001 010 0,1 1 0-0, 100 0,100,2 01002 020 0,2 2 0,10-0, 0, 201820 2018/20 00, 01 0-0 0,100, 0100 0,10-0 20182 2018/2 0- 0,100 0,10- 2018/

ABSTRACT The contribution of plant residues throughout the sugarcane cycles favors the increase of organic matter and the activity of microorganisms in the soil, especially in the surface layers. Soil texture also has an important effect on ecological processes and soil quality. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate soil biological attributes in different sugarcane cultivation cycles under mechanized harvesting in an Oxisol in the Savanna region of Central Brazil. The study was conducted in commercial areas under sugarcane cultivation during the 2018/2019 season, which were considered homogeneous in terms of soil and climatic conditions, with the source of variation among the areas being the cultivation cycles (C1: one cultivation cycle; C3: three cultivation cycles; C7: seven cultivation cycles) and a savanna vegetation area selected as a reference. Microbiological variables were determined in two layers, 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. The variables related to microbial biomass and texture were subjected to principal component analysis. Areas with longer sugarcane cultivation cycles show higher proportion of microbial biomass carbon in the total organic carbon in subsurface layers (microbial quotient). The performance of the soil microbial community, as expressed by total organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen indicators, was associated with higher presence of clay and silt, i.e., soil particles smaller than 0.02 mm. quality context Brazil 20182019 2018 2019 2018/201 season conditions C1 C (C1 cycle C3 C7 reference 00.1 001 0 0.1 1 0-0. 0.10.2 0102 0.2 2 0.1-0. m analysis quotient. quotient . quotient) community indicators silt ie i e i.e. 002 02 0.0 mm 2018201 201 2018/20 (C 00 00. 01 0. 0-0 10 0.10. 010 0.1-0 i.e 201820 20 2018/2 0- 0.10 0.1- 20182 2018/

RESUMO A avaliação nutricional em mangueiras baseada em métodos diagnósticos que consideram o equilíbrio nutricional tem sido recomendada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: estabelecer faixas nutricionais ótimas por métodos diagnósticos e compará-las entre si; identificar o método diagnóstico mais eficiente na determinação de desequilíbrios nutricionais; e selecionar os nutrientes que melhor respondem à aplicação do método diagnóstico. O estudo foi realizado em pomares comerciais de mangueira no Vale do São Francisco-PE, Brasil. Foram calculados os teores nutricionais pelos métodos Sistema Integrado de Diagnóstico e Recomendação (DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones), DRIS Modificado (M-DRIS-Beaufils; M-DRIS-Jones), Diagnose da Composicão Nutricional (CND) e Chance Matemática (ChM) e comparados entre si pelo teste qui-quadrado. A análise de componentes principais foi aplicada para selecionar o método diagnóstico mais eficiente e os nutrientes responsáveis pela maior variabilidade. Os métodos DRIS Beaufils, M-DRIS Beaufils, DRIS Jones, M-DRIS Jones, CND e ChM geraram faixas de suficiência nutricional para as cultivares avaliadas. Os diagnósticos nutricionais dos métodos DRIS-Beaufils e M-DRIS Beaufius foram semelhantes entre si e discordantes dos métodos DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones e CND que foram semelhantes. O método DRIS Beaufils atualizado por Maia mostrou-se mais consistente na avaliação nutricional de mangueiras. Os nutrientes N, P, K, Mg e S na cultivar Tommy Atkins; N, P, Mg, S, B, Mn, Zn, Mo e Cl na cultivar Kent; e N, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo e Cl na cultivar Keitt apresentam potencial de resposta significativa à aplicação do método DRIS-Beaufils atualizado por Maia. recomendada comparálas compará las FranciscoPE, FranciscoPE Francisco PE, PE Francisco-PE Brasil DRISBeaufils, DRISBeaufils (DRIS-Beaufils DRISJones, DRISJones Jones , DRIS-Jones) MDRISBeaufils M (M-DRIS-Beaufils MDRISJones, MDRISJones M-DRIS-Jones) (CND (ChM quiquadrado. quiquadrado qui quadrado. quadrado qui-quadrado variabilidade MDRIS avaliadas DRIS-Jones mostrouse mostrou se N P K Atkins B Mn Zn Kent Ca Cu Fe

ABSTRACT Nutritional assessment of mango trees based on diagnostic methods considering nutritional balance is recommended. This study aimed to establish optimum nutritional ranges using diagnostic methods, compare them, identify the most efficient diagnostic method, and select the nutrients responding best to the application of the diagnostic method. The study was conducted in commercial mango orchards in the São Francisco Valley. Nutritional content was calculated using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones), modified DRIS (M-DRIS-Beaufils; M-DRIS-Jones), compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND), and mathematical chance (ChM) methods and compared using the chi-square test. Principal component analysis was applied to select the most efficient diagnostic method and the nutrients responsible for the greatest variability. The DRIS-Beaufils, M-DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones, CND, and ChM methods generated nutritional sufficiency ranges for the evaluated cultivars. The nutritional diagnoses of the DRIS-Beaufils and M-DRIS-Beaufils methods were similar and discordant with those of DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones, and CND. The DRIS-Beaufils method, updated by Maia, proved to be more consistent for the nutritional assessment of mango trees. The nutrients N, P, K, Mg, and S in the Tommy Atkins cultivar; N, P, Mg, S, B, Mn, Zn, Mo, and Cl in the Kent cultivar; and N, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, and Cl in the Keitt cultivar showed significant responses to the application of the DRIS-Beaufils method updated by Maia. recommended them Valley DRISBeaufils, DRISBeaufils Beaufils, Beaufils (DRIS-Beaufils DRISJones, DRISJones Jones , DRIS-Jones) MDRISBeaufils M (M-DRIS-Beaufils MDRISJones, MDRISJones M-DRIS-Jones) CND (CND) (ChM chisquare chi square test variability MDRISBeaufils, Jones, DRIS-Jones M-DRIS-Jones cultivars Maia N P K Mg B Mn Zn Mo Ca Cu Fe (CND