RESUMO Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos terapêuticos das lentes de ortoceratologia combinados com colírio atropina 0,01% em miopia juvenil. Métodos: Um total de 340 pacientes com miopia juvenil (340 olhos) tratados entre 2018 e Dezembro de 2020 foram divididos em Grupo Controle (170 casos com 170 olhos, lentes de ortoceratologia) e Grupo Observação (170 casos com 170 olhos, lentes de ortoceratologia combinadas com colírio atropina 0,01%). A acuidade visual melhor corrigida para longe, acuidade visual melhor corrigida para perto, dioptria, comprimento axial, amplitude de acomodação, diâmetro da pupila brilhante, diâmetro da pupila escura, espessura da camada lipídica da película lacrimal e tempo de ruptura do rasgo foram medidos antes do tratamento e 1 ano depois. A incidência de reações adversas foi observada. Resultados: Antes do tratamento, o grau esférico equivalente foi significativamente melhorado em 0,22 (0,06, 0,55) D e 0,40 (0,15, 0,72) D respectivamente no Grupo Observação e no Grupo Controle após o tratamento (p<0,01). Após tratamento, o comprimento axial foi significativamente aumentado em (0,15 ± 0,12) mm e (0,24 ± 0,11) mm respectivamente nos Grupos Observação e controle (p<0,01), enquanto, no grupo de observação, a amplitude de acomodação diminuiu significativamente e foi inferior a do Grupo Controle, e o diâmetro da pupila brilhante e o diâmetro da pupila escura aumentaram significativamente e foram maiores do que os do Grupo Controle (p<0,01). A espessura da camada lipídica da película lacrimal e o tempo de ruptura do rasgo diminuíram significativamente nos dois grupos (p<0,01) após o tratamento. Conclusões: As lentes de ortoceratologia combinadas com colírio atropina 0,01% podem melhorar significativamente o efeito controle em miopia juvenil com elevada segurança. Objetivo 001 0 01 0,01 Métodos 34 (34 olhos 201 202 (17 17 0,01%. . 0,01%) longe perto dioptria depois observada Resultados 022 22 0,2 0,06, 006 06 (0,06 0,55 055 55 040 40 0,4 0,15, 015 15 0,72 072 72 p<0,01. p001 p p<0,01 0,15 (0,1 0,12 012 12 0,24 024 24 (0,2 0,11 011 11 p<0,01, , enquanto observação (p<0,01 Conclusões segurança 00 0,0 3 (3 20 (1 02 2 0, 0,06 (0,0 0,5 05 5 04 4 0,7 07 7 p00 p<0,0 0,1 (0, (p<0,0 ( p0 p<0, (0 (p<0, p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the therapeutic effects of orthokeratology lens combined with 0.01% atropine eye drops on juvenile myopia. Methods: A total of 340 patients with juvenile myopia (340 eyes) treated from 2018 to December 2020 were divided into the control group (170 cases with 170 eyes, orthokeratology lens) and observation group (170 cases with 170 eyes, orthokeratology lens combined with 0.01% atropine eye drops). The best-corrected distance visual acuity, best-corrected near visual acuity, diopter, axial length, amplitude of accommodation, bright pupil diameter, dark pupil diameter, tear-film lipid layer thickness, and tear break-up time were measured before treatment and after 1 year of treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was observed. Results: Compared with the values before treatment, the spherical equivalent degree was significantly improved by 0.22 (0.06, 0.55) D and 0.40 (0.15, 0.72) D in the observation and control groups after the treatment, respectively (p<0.01). After the treatment, the axial length was significantly increased by (0.15 ± 0.12) mm and (0.24 ± 0.11) mm in the observation and control groups, respectively, (p<0.01). After the treatment, the amplitude of accommodation significantly declined in the observation group and was lower than that in the control group, whereas both bright and dark pupil diameters significantly increase and were larger than those in the control group (p<0.01). After the treatment, the tear-film lipid layer thickness and tear break-up time significantly declined in the two groups (p<0.01). Conclusions: Orthokeratology lens combined with 0.01% atropine eye drops can synergistically enhance the control effect on juvenile myopia with high safety. Purpose 001 0 01 0.01 Methods 34 (34 eyes 201 202 (17 17 drops. . drops) bestcorrected best corrected acuity diopter diameter tearfilm film breakup break up observed Results 022 22 0.2 0.06, 006 06 (0.06 0.55 055 55 040 40 0.4 0.15, 015 15 0.72 072 72 p<0.01. p001 p p<0.01 (p<0.01) 0.15 (0.1 0.12 012 12 0.24 024 24 (0.2 0.11 011 11 Conclusions safety 00 0.0 3 (3 20 (1 02 2 0. 0.06 (0.0 0.5 05 5 04 4 0.7 07 7 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.01 0.1 (0. ( p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT Knowing the proliferative capacity of herbicide-resistant weeds is the basis for the integrated management. We collected seeds of two Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f. populations (TS and WH) from rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in eastern China (F0 populations), and those from individuals surviving the initial metamifop treatment (F1 lines) were tested for their responses to metamifop, and common garden experiments were conducted to compare their productivities. We found that TS was highly resistant to metamifop, and WH was susceptible. After treated with metamifop at the label dose (120 g ai ha-1), averagely 56% and 16% of TS and WH F1 lines contained surviving seedlings, and averagely 24% and 1% F1 seedlings survived among total seedlings of the same population, respectively. After treated with metamifop at a dose of 0, 60, 120 or 240 g ai ha-1, surviving F0 plants escaped from higher doses reproduced higher proportions of metamifop-resistant F1 progenies in both populations. At 120 d after sowing (DAS), TS individuals surviving 2 × label dose of metamifop showed nonsignificant difference in plant heights, biomass and seed production, compared with relative control treatment; while WH plants surviving the label dose of metamifop decreased seed production by 25%-39%. One WH and TS plant individual surviving metamifop treatment at the label dose may generate 10-21 and 490-701 progenies resistant to the label dose of metamifop, respectively.

ABSTRACT Soil salinization is more aggravating than ever before and techniques are needed to mitigate this problem; understanding salinity-fertilizer relationship is of considerable economic importance for promoting crop growth and productivity in saline soil. A pot experiment was done in a greenhouse to determine whether the N could alleviate the negative effect of different salts compositions on the growth, and physiological attributes of the two most used Sudan sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars (Wadahmed and Tabat). The plant was subjected to the salt stress at 0, 0.3419 M NaCl, and 0.1408 M Na2SO4, and four levels of N application 0, 4, 8, and 12 g N kg-1 soil, designated as N0, N1, N2, and N3, respectively. Results showed that Na2SO4 was reduced plant height, leaf area index, number of leaves, dry weight (DW), chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll content, and increased soluble protein content, activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities by 16.4%, 29.7%, 61.5%, 28.7%, 39.6%, 12.7%, 99.7%, 34.3%, 51.8%, respectively, when compared with the non-saline treatment. The Na2SO4 salt had a more harmful effect than NaCl. This study revealed that N fertilizer was successful for alleviating the adverse impacts of both types of salt. In this study, 12 g N kg-1 soil was most effective on most of the measured parameters of two sorghum cultivars. These findings demonstrated that the N soil amendment application could alleviate the harmful impact of salinity. ‘Wadahmed’ was more tolerant to salinity stress than ‘Tabat’ during the boot stage of sorghum plant.

ABSTRACT Poultry is frequently contaminated by Salmonella, a pathogen leading to human health concern worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis (BS)strain 048 (BS048) on the activation, phagocytosis, sterilization, cytokine secretion, and nitrogen oxide synthesis of HD11 chicken macrophages subjected to Salmonella enteritidis challenge, using lipopolysaccharide treatment as a negative control. The results showed: (1) BS048 had no significant effect on extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity (p>0.05), while lipopolysaccharide treatment significantly increased extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity (p<0.05);(2)BS048 significantly upregulated the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1â and IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokines(IL-10 and transforming growth factor-â1), and anti-viral cytokine, interferon-â (p<0.01); (3)BS048 significantly upregulated the mRNA expression level of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and its activity as well as extracellular nitrogen oxide level (p<0.01). In conclusion, BS048 could improve anti-inflammatory and immune functions of HD11 chicken macrophages, without cytotoxic effects on these cells. worldwide BSstrain BS strain 04 (BS048 activation phagocytosis sterilization secretion HD HD1 challenge control showed 1 (1 BS04 p>0.05, p005 p p>0.05 , 0 05 (p>0.05) p<0.052BS048 p0052BS048 pBS p<0.05 2 (p<0.05);(2)BS04 proinflammatory pro inflammatory interleukin IL1â ILâ IL 1â â IL6, IL6 6 IL-6) antiinflammatory anti cytokinesIL10 cytokinesIL 10 cytokines(IL-1 factorâ1, factorâ1 factorâ factor â1 factor-â1) antiviral viral interferonâ interferon p<0.01 p001 01 (p<0.01) 3BS048 3 (3)BS04 p<0.01. . conclusion cells (BS04 ( BS0 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 052BS048 p<0.052BS04 p0052BS04 p<0.0 (p<0.05);(2)BS0 IL-6 cytokinesIL1 cytokines(IL- factor-â1 (p<0.01 3BS04 (3)BS0 (BS0 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 052BS04 p<0.052BS0 p0052BS0 p<0. (p<0.05);(2)BS IL- cytokines(IL factor-â (p<0.0 3BS0 (3)BS (BS p>0 (p>0. 052BS0 p<0.052BS p0052BS p<0 (p<0. 3BS p> (p>0 052BS p< (p<0 (p> (p< (p

ABSTRACT Through orthogonal experimental design, the influence of the water-binder ratio, binder-sand ratio, ultrafine mineral admixture content, and steel fiber content on the fluidity and basic mechanical properties of rapid-repair materials was studied. The optimal mixing ratio parameters were determined, and its swelling and shrinkage performance and microstructure were analyzed. The results showed that the water-binder ratio and steel fiber content were the most significant factors affecting the properties of rapid-repair materials. The steel fiber content in the rapid-repair material led to pull-out failure and significantly affected flexural strength but had a relatively small effect on compressive strength. With the determined optimal mix proportion, the rapid-repair material had good fluidity and high early strength, bonding strength, and volume stability. At age 3 h, the material’s flexural strength and compressive strength were 13.7 MPa and 27.8 MPa, respectively, and the adhesive strength was 3.65 MPa. The limited expansion rate of 56 d-age repair material was 326.5 × 10−6, which can better meet the requirements of repairing highway pavement and bridge expansion joints to reopen to traffic within 3 h of repair. design waterbinder water binder bindersand sand rapidrepair rapid studied analyzed pullout pull out proportion stability s 137 13 7 13. 278 27 8 27. respectively 365 65 3.6 5 dage d 3265 326 326. 106 10 6 10−6 1 2 36 3. 32 10−

Abstract Objectives To explore the mechanism underlying Müller Cell Pyroptosis (MCP) and its role in the development of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Method The expression of pyroptosis-related factors, namely, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase (caspase-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD), was detected by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in retinal tissues. Müller and spontaneously Arising Retinal Pigment Epithelia (ARPE)-19 primary cells with GSDMD overexpression or knockdown were cultivated. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of the following pyroptosis-related factors in retinal tissues: caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD. Through Cell Adhesion (CA) experiments, the changes in ARPE-19 CA in each group were observed. The migration and invasion of ARPE-19 cells were measured using the Transwell assay. The proliferation of ARPE-19 cells was measured with a Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. Finally, the expression of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the ARPE-19 cell culture medium was detected using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the surrounding normal tissues, the expression of caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD at the protein and mRNA levels in the retinal proliferative membrane samples of the patients decreased significantly (p < 0.05). MCP significantly enhanced ARPE-19 CA, migration and invasion, proliferation, and cytokine expression (p < 0.05). Conclusions MCP can promote the development of PVR lesions. (MCP PVR. . (PVR) pyroptosisrelated pyroptosis related namely aspartatespecific aspartate specific caspase1, caspase1 caspase 1 , (caspase-1) IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β (IL)-1β IL18, IL18 18, 18 GSDMD, (GSDMD) qRTPCR qRT PCR (qRT-PCR respectively tissues ARPE19 ARPE 19 (ARPE)-1 cultivated 1, caspase-1 (CA experiments ARPE-1 observed assay CCK8 CCK (CCK-8 Finally IL-1 EnzymeLinked Enzyme Linked ELISA. ELISA (ELISA) p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) lesions (PVR (caspase-1 IL1 (GSDMD ARPE1 (ARPE)- caspase- ARPE- (CCK- IL- (ELISA 00 0.0 (caspase- (ARPE) (CCK 0. (caspase (ARPE

Abstract Background Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) is a master regulator in inflammation and has been proved to promote renal fibrosis by promoting the production of IL-1β in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. Pyroptosis is involved in high glucose (HG)-induced tubular cells injury, characterized by activation of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, resulting in inflammatory injury in DN. It is reasonable to assume that ALPK1 is involved in pyroptosis-related tubular injury in DN. However, the mechanism remains poorly defined. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect the expression of pyroptosis- and fibrosis-related proteins in renal sections of DN patients and DN mice. DN models were induced through injection of streptozotocin combined with a high-fat diet. Protein levels of ALPK1, NF-κB, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18 and α-SMA were detected by Western blot. HK-2 cells treated with high-glucose (HG) served as an in vitro model. ALPK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HK-2 cells to down-regulate ALPK1. The pyroptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 were evaluated by ELISA kits. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe translocation of NF-κB and GSDMD. Results The heat map of differentially expressed genes showed that ALPK1, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were upregulated in the DN group. The expression levels of ALPK1, Caspase-1, GSDMD and CD68 were increased in renal biopsy tissues of DN patients by IHC. ALPK1expression and CD68+ macrophages were positively correlated with tubular injury in DN patients. Western blot analysis showed increased expressions of ALPK1, phospho-NF-κB P65, GSDMD-NT, and IL-1β in renal tissues of DN mice and HK-2 cells, accompanied with increased renal fibrosis-related proteins (FN, α-SMA) and macrophages infiltration in interstitial areas. Inhibition of ALPK1 attenuated HG-induced upregulation expressions of NF-κB, pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1, GSDMD-NT, IL-1β, IL-18, α-SMA, and pyroptosis level in HK-2 cells. Also, the intensity and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and membranous translocation of GSDMD were ameliorated in HG-treated HK-2 cells after treatment with ALPK1 siRNA. Conclusions Our data suggest that ALPK1/NF-κB pathway initiated canonical caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptosis pathway, resulting in tubular injury and interstitial inflammation of DN.

ABSTRACT Salinity stress profoundly affects crop plants’ morphological structures and physiological processes, decreasing plant growth and development. The application of phytohormones has been proved an efficient way to alleviate salinity stress. This study was done to evaluate the effects of exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.288 mM), salicylic acid (SA; 0.362 mM), indole acetic acid (IAA; 0.285 mM) and control (0 mM) on seedling growth and physiological parameters of hargel (Solenostemma argel Hayne) seedlings under different salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Significant decreases due to salinity stress were observed in all the seedling growth parameters shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, chlorophyll a and b content, and antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). In contrast, soluble protein and carotenoid content increased with increasing salinity. At high salinity level, GA3 increased carotenoid content and APX activity by 56.4% and 53.4%, respectively, while SA increased shoot dry weight, SOD, POD and soluble protein by 1.3-fold, 1.3-fold, 1.95-fold and 93.2%, compared with the control, IAA increased root length and fresh root weight at the same salinity level by 1.58-fold and 2-fold, respectively. In conclusion, seed priming with an appropriate dosage of exogenous hormones successfully mitigates the adverse effects of NaCl by increasing photosynthetic pigment, antioxidant enzyme activity and seedling growth parameters. Furthermore, SA exhibited the best mitigating effects compared to IAA and GA3.

ABSTRACT Salinity stress is one of the most prevalent environmental factors that severely affect seed germination, early growth stages, and crop production. The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) in alleviating salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties (Jabel Marra, Porgeg and Shendi) under four concentrations of NaCl solutions (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). Three levels of β-aminobutyric acid (0, 0.25, and 0.50 mM) were applied. Germination and seedling attributes were measured. A high level of salinity (150 mM NaCl) increased mean germination time by 10.0% and decreased the coefficient velocity of germination and root dry weight by 12.1% and 96.2%, respectively, compared with the control. ‘Jabel Marra’ significantly surpassed other studied varieties in germination characters, while at seedling growth, ‘Shendi’ outperformed other varieties in root and shoot length, fresh, and dry weights. Seeds treated with 0.25 mM BABA caused increment on water uptake by 18.1% compared with 0.0 mM BABA. At 150 mM NaCl, seeds primed with 0.50 mM BABA increased the germination percentage of ‘Jabel Marra’ and ‘Porgeg’ by 6.3% and 11.9% as compared with 0.0 mM BABA. Under 50 mM NaCl and 0.50 mM BABA, root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and root dry weight were increased by 170.6%, 44.8%, 80%, and 49.3%, respectively, relative to 0.0 mM BABA. The present study results suggested that seed priming by BABA could be useful to alleviate the salinity stress of chickpea at germination and early seedling growth.

SUMMARY: The atlanto-occipital joint is composed of the superior fossa of the lateral masses of the atlas (C1) and the occipital condyles. Congenital Atlanto-occipital fusion (AOF) involves the osseous union of the base of the occiput (C0) and the atlas (C1). AOF or atlas occipitalization/assimilation represents a craniovertebral junction malformation (CVJM) which can be accompanied by other cranial or spinal malformations. AOF may be asymptomatic or patients may experience symptoms from neural compression as well as limited neck movement. The myodural bridge (MDB) complex is a dense fibrous structure that connects the suboccipital muscular and its related facia to the cervical spinal dura mater, passing through both the posterior atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial interspaces. It is not known if atlas occipitilization can induce structural changes in the MDB complex and its associated suboccipital musculature. The suboccipital region of a cadaveric head and neck specimen from an 87-year-old Chinese male having a congenital AOF malformation with resultant changes to the MDB complex was observed. After being treated with the P45 plastination method, multiple slices obtained from the cadaveric head and neck specimen were examined with special attention paid to the suboccipital region and the CVJM. Congenital atlanto-occipital fusion malformations are defined as partial or complete fusion of the base of the occiput (C0) with the atlas (C1). In the present case of CVJM, unilateral fusion of the left occipital condyle with the left lateral mass of C1 was observed, as well as posterior central fusion of the posterior margin of the foramen magnum with the posterior arch of C1. Also noted was a unilateral variation of the course of the vertebral artery due to the narrowed posterior atlanto-occipital interspace. Surprisingly, complete agenesis of the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi) and the obliques capitis superior (OCS) muscles was also observed in the plastinated slices. Interestingly, the MDB, which normally originates in part from the RCPmi muscle, was observed to originate from a superior bifurcation within an aspect of the nuchal ligament. Therefore, the observed changes involving the MDB complex appear to be an effective compensation to the suboccipital malformations.

RESUMEN: La articulación atlanto-occipital está compuesta por las caras articulares superiores de las masas laterales del atlas (C1) y los cóndilos occipitales. La fusión atlanto-occipital congénita (FAO) implica la unión ósea de la base del occipucio (C0) y el atlas (C1). La FAO u occipitalización/asimilación del atlas representa una malformación de la unión craneovertebral (MUCV) que puede presentar otras malformaciones craneales o espinales. La FAO puede ser asintomática o los pacientes pueden experimentar síntomas de compresión neural así como movimiento limitado del cuello. El complejo del puente miodural (PMD) es una estructura fibrosa densa que conecta el músculo suboccipital y su fascia relacionada con la duramadre espinal cervical, pasando a través de los espacios intermedios atlanto-occipital posterior y atlanto-axial. No se sabe si la occipitilización del atlas puede inducir cambios estructurales en el complejo PMD y en la musculatura suboccipital. Se observó en la región suboccipital de un espécimen cadavérico, cabeza y cuello de un varón chino de 87 años con una malformación congénita de FAO con los cambios resultantes en el complejo PMD. Se examinaron múltiples cortes obtenidos de la muestra de cabeza y cuello después de ser tratados con el método de plastinación P45, con especial atención a la región suboccipital y la MUCV. Las malformaciones congénitas por fusión atlanto-occipital se definen como la fusión parcial o completa de la base del occipucio (C0) con el atlas (C1). En el presente caso de MUCV se observó la fusión unilateral del cóndilo occipital izquierdo con la masa lateral izquierda de C1, así como fusión posterior central del margen posterior del foramen magnum con el arco posterior de C1. También se observó una variación unilateral del curso de la arteria vertebral por el estrechamiento del espacio interatlanto-occipital posterior. Se observó además agenesia completa de los músculos Rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi) y oblicuos capitis superior (OCS) en los cortes plastinados. Curiosamente, se observó que el MDB, que normalmente se origina en parte del músculo RCPmi, se origina en una bifurcación superior dentro de un aspecto del ligamento nucal. Por lo tanto, los cambios observados en el complejo PMD parecen ser una compensación de las malformaciones suboccipitales.

ABSTRACT Drought and temperature stresses are known as primary factors limiting germination and seedling growth. Seed priming with plant growth regulators is one of the popular approaches to minimize adverse environmental stresses. This study was carried out to examine the role of seed priming with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) at different levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1) in germination and seedling growth of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Emam’, ‘Gomria’, and ‘Zakia’ under high temperature and drought stresses using a range of temperatures (25, 30, and 35 ℃) and water potentials (0.0 and -0.5 MPa). Water uptake, germination and early seedling growth attributes were measured. Drought stress and high temperature decreased germination%, germination index, and shoot fresh weight by 39.2%, 35.4%, and 48.6%, respectively, as compared with 0.0 MPa and 25 ℃. Seeds of ‘Zakia’ primed with 50 mg L-1 5-ALA at -0.5 MPa, and 35 ℃ increased fresh and dry weights of the root by 19.8% and 68.4% relative to 0 mg L-1. For interaction between variety and 5-ALA, the highest germination% (90.3%) was recorded in ‘Emam’ with 50 mg L-1 5-ALA. Treatment 100 mg L-1 5-ALA decreased mean germination time by 24.5% and 28.9% at 25 and 35 ℃, respectively; 50 mg L-1 5-ALA increased seedling vigor index by 16.3% as compared with 0.0 mg L-1 at -0.5 MPa and 35 ℃. The 5-ALA enhanced water imbibition of the three varieties under drought and temperature stresses. This study suggested that seed priming with 5-ALA is a possible way to mitigate the negative effects produced by drought and temperature stresses on germination and early seedling growth of wheat.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Our previous study showed that Er-Bai-Tang decoction (EBT) could effectively improve Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients’ quality of life, sleep, mood, and cognitive disorders, but the mechanism of EBT to treat PD was unclear. So, our study aimed to explore the mechanism of EBT to treat PD via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and intestinal flora. Methods: In our study, the PD rat model was established by subcutaneously injecting 2 mg/kg/d rotenone solution, and 23.43 g/kgEBT was used to treat PD model rats. Results: Behavioral test showed that EBT could reverse the motor impairment in the PD model rats. Hematoxylin and eosin result showed that EBT could reduce the cell necrosis in the SNpc area of the PD model rats. Western blotting and real time-polymerase chain reaction showed that EBT could decrease the p38 MAPK expression in the SNpc area of the PD model rats. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis showed that EBT could improve the composition of intestinal flora in the PD model rats. Rikenellaceae at family level and Alistipes and Allobaculum at the genus level were the key species in the PD development and EBT treatment to PD. KEGG showed that EBT might change the iron uptake in PD rats. Conclusions: EBT could improve the motor symptoms and neuronal injury in the PD model rat, and its mechanism may be related to decreasing p38 MAPK pathway and improving the composition of intestinal flora. Purpose ErBaiTang Er Bai Tang (EBT Parkinsons Parkinson s (PD patients life sleep mood disorders unclear So p p3 mitogenactivated mitogen activated (MAPK Methods mgkgd mg kg d solution 2343 23 43 23.4 gkgEBT g kgEBT rats Results timepolymerase time polymerase Conclusions 234 4 23.

Abstract To investigate the regulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in SA- and JA-dependent systemic defense pathways in tomato seedlings damaged by cotton bollworm. The lower two leaves of four-leaf tomato plant seedlings were treated with cotton bollworms. The upper leaves were then removed at various time points and assessed for systemic changes in H2O2 levels, enzyme activity and defense-related genes expression. Wild-type seedlings, def-5 mutant seedlings (deficient in JA accumulation) and transgenic nahG seedlings(deficient in SA content) were constructed at four-leaf stage. Wild-type plants were further treated with dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester (DHC). Bollworm feeding in the lower leaves induced rapid systemic accumulation of H2O2 in the upper leaves. H2O2 accumulation further increased activities for SA- and JA-dependent enzymes including proteinase inhibitors (PIs), pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1), cathepsin D inhibitor (CDI), β-1,3-glucanse (BGL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Furthermore, H2O2 accumulation enhanced mRNA expression of BGL-2, PR-1, PI, CDI and PPO genes. Suppression of H2O2 accumulation using H2O2 scavengers substantially diminished these effects. mRNA expression of PR-1 was not induced in transgenic nahG plants. SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways are involved in the tomato systemic defense responses to herbivores, and that H2O2 generation is required for both systemic pathways.

RESUMO Objetivo: O VEGF-D é um potencial biomarcador para linfangioleiomiomatose (LAM); entretanto, seu desempenho diagnóstico ainda não foi sistematicamente estudado. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas nos bancos de dados PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science e Cochrane Library para identificar estudos primários sobre o VEGF-D com relação ao diagnóstico de LAM. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada por meio da ferramenta Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). As estimativas sumárias de acurácia diagnóstica foram combinadas utilizando um modelo bivariado de efeitos aleatórios. Análises de subgrupo e de sensibilidade foram realizadas para explorar possíveis heterogeneidades. O sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) foi aplicado para avaliar a qualidade das evidências e indicar a força das recomendações. Resultados: Dez estudos envolvendo 945 pacientes eram de alto risco em qualidade, segundo a ferramenta QUADAS-2. Os parâmetros diagnósticos combinados foram indicados da seguinte forma: sensibilidade = 0,82 (IC95%: 0,71-0,90); especificidade = 0,98 (IC95%: 0,94-0,99); e OR diagnóstica = 197 (IC95%: 66-587). A ASC da análise summary ROC foi de 0,98. As análises de subgrupo e de sensibilidade revelaram que o desempenho global não foi substancialmente afetado pela composição do grupo controle, valor de corte pré-especificado, país de origem ou diferentes valores de corte (p > 0,05 para todos). Uma forte recomendação para a dosagem de VEGF-D sérico para auxiliar no diagnóstico de LAM foi feita de acordo com o sistema GRADE. Conclusões: O VEGF-D parece ter grandes implicações potenciais para o diagnóstico de LAM na prática clínica em virtude da excelente especificidade e sensibilidade subótima.

ABSTRACT Objective: VEGF-D is a potential biomarker for lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM); however, its diagnostic performance has yet to be systematically studied. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify primary studies on VEGF-D in relation to the diagnosis of LAM. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were pooled using a bivariate random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore possible heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was applied to rate the quality of evidence and indicate the strength of recommendations. Results: Ten studies involving 945 patients were of high risk in quality, as assessed using the QUADAS-2. The pooled diagnostic parameters were indicated as follows: sensitivity = 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71-0.90); specificity = 0.98 (95% CI, 0.94-0.99); and diagnostic OR = 197 (95% CI, 66-587). The AUC of summary ROC analysis was 0.98. The subgroup and sensitivity analyses revealed that the overall performance was not substantially affected by the composition of the control group, prespecified cutoff value, the country of origin, or different cutoff values (p > 0.05 for all). A strong recommendation for serum VEGF-D determination to aid in the diagnosis of LAM was made according to the GRADE. Conclusions: VEGF-D seems to have great potential implications for the diagnosis of LAM in clinical practice due to its excellent specificity and suboptimal sensitivity.

ABSTRACT Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling establishment is very sensitive to temperature and drought stresses. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) application on wheat seedling under different temperature (25, 30, and 35 ℃) and water regimes (normal and 65% watering). Five different levels of 5-ALA (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1) were applied as foliar application. Leaf area, stem diameter, shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, and physiological parameters were measured. Drought stress (W2) decreased leaf area by 14.9% compared with normal watering (W1). High temperature (35 ℃) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 72.1% compared with control (25 ℃). 35 ℃ with W2 reduced root and shoot dry weights by 71.8% and 51.9% relative to 25 ℃ and W1. At 35 ℃, 25 mg L-1 5-ALA increased root length by 17.1% and 3.4% at W1 and W2, respectively. 150 mg L-1 5-ALA increased root fresh weight by 101.0% compared with 0 mg L-1 5-ALA at W1 and 35 ℃. The highest protein content (8.35 mg g-1 FW) was achieved at the interaction between W2, 35 ℃ and 50 mg L-1 5-ALA. At W2 and 35 ℃, 150 mg L-1 5-ALA increased proline content by 66.5% relative to 0 mg L-1. The results of the present study suggest that foliar application of 5-ALA could be useful to alleviate the temperature and/or drought stresses of wheat seedling.