Abstract Background Endometrial fibrosis, a significant characteristic of intrauterine adhesion (IUA), is caused by the excessive differentiation and activation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Glutaminolysis is the metabolic process of glutamine (Gln), which has been implicated in multiple types of organ fibrosis. So far, little is known about whether glutaminolysis plays a role in endometrial fibrosis. Methods The activation model of ESCs was constructed by TGF-β1, followed by RNA-sequencing analysis. Changes in glutaminase1 (GLS1) expression at RNA and protein levels in activated ESCs were verified experimentally. Human IUA samples were collected to verify GLS1 expression in endometrial fibrosis. GLS1 inhibitor and glutamine deprivation were applied to ESCs models to investigate the biological functions and mechanisms of glutaminolysis in ESCs activation. The IUA mice model was established to explore the effect of glutaminolysis inhibition on endometrial fibrosis. Results We found that GLS1 expression was significantly increased in activated ESCs models and fibrotic endometrium. Glutaminolysis inhibition by GLS1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES or glutamine deprivation treatment suppressed the expression of two fibrotic markers, α-SMA and collagen I, as well as the mitochondrial function and mTORC1 signaling in ESCs. Furthermore, inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway by rapamycin suppressed ESCs activation. In IUA mice models, BPTES treatment significantly ameliorated endometrial fibrosis and improved pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Glutaminolysis and glutaminolysis-associated mTOR signaling play a role in the activation of ESCs and the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis through regulating mitochondrial function. Glutaminolysis inhibition suppresses the activation of ESCs, which might be a novel therapeutic strategy for IUA.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific association between hyperuricemia and the risk of hypertension and whether obesity mediates this association. METHODS: This study included 31,395 (47.0% women) adults without hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline who completed at least one follow-up annual examination between 2009 and 2016. Cox regression models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of body mass index on the association between hyperuricemia and hypertension. RESULTS: During a median 2.9-year follow-up, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension (HR 1.15, 95%CI 1.07-1.24 for all participants; HR 1.12, 95%CI 1.03-1.22 for men; and HR 1.23, 95%CI 1.02-1.48 for women) after adjustment for potential confounders. Additional adjustment for body mass index attenuated this association (HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.08-1.10 for all participants; HR 1.07; 95%CI 0.98-1.16 for men; HR 1.18; 95%CI 0.96-1.44 for women). Mediation analysis showed that BMI partially mediated the relationship between hyperuricemia and incident hypertension (indirect effect HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.08-1.10; direct effect: HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.02-1.15). The percentage of the mediation effect was 53.2% (95%CI 37.9-84.5). CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia is associated with a risk of hypertension in both sexes, and BMI partially mediates hyperuricemia-related incident hypertension. OBJECTIVE sexspecific sex specific METHODS 31395 31 395 31,39 47.0% 470 47 0 (47.0 women disease followup follow up 200 2016 95 intervals RESULTS 2.9year 29year year 2.9 2 9 followup, up, 115 1 15 1.15 95CI CI 1.071.24 107124 1.07 1.24 07 24 1.07-1.2 participants 112 12 1.12 1.031.22 103122 1.03 1.22 03 22 1.03-1.2 men 123 23 1.23 1.021.48 102148 1.02 1.48 02 48 1.02-1.4 confounders 109 09 1.09 1.081.10 108110 1.08 1.10 08 10 1.08-1.1 107 0.981.16 098116 0.98 1.16 98 16 0.98-1.1 1.18 118 18 0.961.44 096144 0.96 1.44 96 44 0.96-1.4 women. . indirect 108 1.021.15. 102115 1.02-1.15) 532 53 53.2 37.984.5. 379845 37.9 84.5 37 84 5 37.9-84.5) CONCLUSION sexes hyperuricemiarelated related 3139 3 39 31,3 47.0 4 (47. 20 201 9year 29 2. 11 1.1 071 1.071.2 10712 1.0 124 1.2 1.07-1. 031 1.031.2 10312 103 122 1.03-1. 021 1.021.4 10214 102 148 1.4 1.02-1. 081 1.081.1 10811 110 1.08-1. 981 0.981.1 09811 098 0.9 116 0.98-1. 961 0.961.4 09614 096 144 0.96-1. 1.021.15 10211 1.02-1.15 53. 984 37.984.5 37984 379 37. 845 84. 8 37.9-84.5 313 31, 47. (47 1. 1.071. 1071 1.07-1 1.031. 1031 1.03-1 1.021. 1021 14 1.02-1 1.081. 1081 1.08-1 0.981. 0981 0. 0.98-1 0.961. 0961 0.96-1 1.021.1 1.02-1.1 37.984. 3798 37.9-84. (4 1.071 1.07- 1.031 1.03- 1.021 1.02- 1.081 1.08- 0.981 0.98- 0.961 0.96- 37.984 37.9-84 ( 37.98 37.9-8 37.9-

Abstract Since the grape skin and seed contain different phenolic substances, the proportion of the skin and seed will affect the wine mouthfeel during the wine making process. During the wine ageing, the interaction between flavanols with anthocyanins is an important reaction and considered linked to astringency. Hence, a major question is whether changing the skin-seed ratio will affect the polymerization of phenolic substances in wine, thus affecting the astringency of wine. To answer this, astringency of wine was studied by changing the content of grape skins and seeds by SDS-PAGE, fluorescence quenching and sensory taste. Besides, acetaldehyde-mediated condensation reaction between different flavan-3-ols and malvidin-3-glucoside were studied in model solution. The result showed that grape skins and seeds contribute differently to astringency sensation, mainly because of the difference in the type and content of flavanols and anthocyanins contained in them. In addition, acetaldehyde-induced flavan-3-ols: anthocyanin mixture presents a strong effect toward the interaction with BSA when compared to other phenolic combinations. Furthermore, it was observed that the protein-binding ability of the polyphenols in red wine has a strong correlation with the wine astringency intensity.

The influence of 0.01 mol L-1 NaNO2 addition on the corrosion and passivation of X65 carbon steel in pH 1 to 5 HNO3 solutions was investigated and compared by electrochemical methods and microstructural techniques. In the pH 1 to 5 solutions without NaNO2, the X65 steel presented the electrochemical characteristic of active dissolution, and the corrosion rate of X65 carbon steel decreased gradually with the raise of pH value. By contrast, with the addition of 0.01 mol L-1 NaNO2 in pH 1 to 5 HNO3 solutions, the electrochemical characteristic of X65 carbon steel transferred from the active dissolution in the pH 1 to 5 solutions without NaNO2 to the anodic passivation in the corresponding pH solutions with NaNO2. For the X65 steel in the pH 1 to 5 solutions with NaNO2, with the raise of pH value, the corrosion rate also decreased gradually but the passivation capability strengthened obviously. The corrosion and passivation of X65 carbon steel in pH 1 to 5 HNO3 solutions without and with 0.01 mol L-1 NaNO2 were related to the cathodic reactions of H+ reduction, O2 reduction and NO2-/HNO2 reduction.

Abstract Local administration of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), agonist cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODNs), and CD40 ligand (CD40L) can decrease ligature-induced periodontal inflammation and bone loss in wild type (WT) mouse. Objective: This study aimed to explore whether such effect is dependent on TLR9 signaling. Material and Methods: Purified spleen B cells isolated from WT C57BL/6J mice and TLR9 knockout (KO) mice were cultured for 48 hours under the following conditions: CD40L, CpG+CD40L, CpG at low, medium and high doses. We determined B cell numbers using a hemocytometer at 24 h and 48 h. Percentages of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells were detected by flow cytometry. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA expression and protein secretion were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and by ELISA, respectively. The silk ligature was tied around the maxillary second molars for 14 days, during which the CpG+CD40L mixture or PBS was injected into palatal gingiva on days 3, 6, and 9. Results: For both WT and TLR9 KO mice, CpG significantly induced B cell proliferation, increased IL-10 mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-10 but reduced CD1dhiCD5+ B cells population; local injection of CpG+CD40L mixture significantly decreased alveolar bone loss and the number of TRAP-positive cells adjacent to the alveolar bone surface, and significantly increased the gingival mRNA expression of IL-10 and decreased RANKL and IFN-γ mRNA expression. Conclusions: These results indicated that CpG plus CD40L decreased periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a TLR9-independent manner in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis.

A distribuição do tamanho das partículas do solo (PSD) está fortemente relacionada à sua erosão, deposição e aos processos físicos e químicos ocorridos no perfil do solo. A ciclagem da água e o crescimento das plantas também são alterados pelo PSD. Antes da construção das barragens, os solos depositados nas áreas agrícolas (DF) foram amplamente formados no "Loess Plateau", na China (LPC), onde os mais sérios problemas de erosão do solo ocorreram no mundo. Duas DFs, sem preparo do solo, localizadas no LPC foram escolhidas para estudar conjuntamente o efeito da erosão e das barragens na PSD. Novecentas e trinta e duas amostras de solo foram analisadas usando granulometria a laser, a partir de coletas realizadas em 88 camadas (espessura de 10 cm cada camada) formadas por deposição de solos em áreas agrícolas (FDF) e em 22 camadas formadas por deposição de silte (SDF). Os tamanhos das partículas foram estratificados, em ambas as DFs, em função das propriedades do solo e de sua resistência à erosão. Os resultados obtidos para as frações silte e argila mostraram que elas possuem distribuição horizontal similar, indicando características paralelas dos processos de erosão e deposição. A areia fina foi a fração mais encontrada, o que sugere uma separação preferencial desta. Das camadas de solo estudadas, a faixa mais erodível dos tamanhos de partículas foi a de 0,25-0,5 mm, seguida pela de 0,20-0,25 mm. Aumento da correlação entre o tamanho das partículas e o conteúdo de água no solo foi observado na FDF. Devido à abundância de águas subterrâneas superficiais em SDF, os tamanhos de partículas não se relacionaram com o conteúdo de água no solo. Mais estudos sobre a distribuição do tamanho das partículas em DFs são necessários para indicar um melhor manejo e conservação do solo e da água nessas áreas agrícolas.

Particle size distribution (PSD) in the soil profile is strongly related to erosion, deposition, and physical and chemical processes. Water cycling and plant growth are also affected by PSD. Material sedimented upstream of the dam constructions formed large areas of deposited farmland (DF) soils on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), which has been the site of the most severe soil erosion in the world. Two DFs without tillage on the CLP were chosen to study the combined effect of erosion and check dams on PSD. Eighty-eight layers (each 10 cm thick) of filled deposited farmland (FDF) soils and 22 layers of silting deposited farmland (SDF) soils of each studied soil profile were collected and 932 soil samples were investigated using laser granulometry. The particle sizes were stratified in both DFs based on soil properties and erosion resistance. The obtained results of clay and silt fractions showed similar horizontal distribution, indicating parallel characteristics of erosion and deposition processes. Fine sand represented the largest fraction, suggesting the preferential detachment of this fraction. The most erodible range of particle sizes was 0.25-0.5 mm, followed by 0.2-0.25 mm in the studied soil profiles. The correlation between particle size and soil water contents tended to increase with increasing water contents in FDF. Due to the abundant shallow groundwater, the relationship between particle size and soil water content in SDF was lost. Further studies on PSD in the DF area are needed to enhance the conservation management of soil and water resources in this region.