RESUMO: Os padrões paisagísticos em zonas montanhosas com rápido desenvolvimento económico são fortemente afetados por múltiplas atividades humanas. No entanto, as mudanças nas alterações da paisagem nas áreas montanhosas cársticas atribuídas a atividades humanas complexas permanecem obscuras. A investigação sobre o grau de alteração da paisagem em zonas montanhosas sob a influência das atividades humanas é de grande importância para a conservação e gestão científica das paisagens montanhosas. Selecionamos zonas rurais com quatro tipos típicos de acidentes geográficos de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas como objetos de pesquisa e analisamos a resposta das mudanças na perturbação da paisagem rural à atividade humana nessas áreas. Nossos resultados revelam que o grau de alteração da paisagem e a atividade humana influenciam o aumento do índice na maioria das áreas montanhosas. As mudanças na atividade humana e nas perturbações paisagísticas são geralmente observadas na região de baixo relevo do terreno. A utilização intensiva do solo associada ao rápido desenvolvimento econômico tem um sério impacto negativo no grau de perturbação da paisagem, enquanto os projetos de restauração ecológica exercem um impacto positivo. Acelerar a implementação dos projetos para área “verde” e regular a expansão não regulamentada da produção e da terra viva são medidas cruciais para a gestão ecológica em áreas montanhosas cársticas. As futuras estratégias de gestão ecológica deverão centrar-se em áreas de terreno relativamente planas. Nossas descobertas contribuem para a gestão da paisagem e a regulação da atividade humana de diferentes tipos de relevo de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas cársticas. RESUMO entanto obscuras positivo verde “verde centrarse centrar se planas

ABSTRACT: Landscape patterns in mountainous areas with rapid economic development are strongly affected by multiple human activities. However, the changes in landscape disturbances across karst mountainous areas attributed to complex human activities remain unclear. Research on the degree of landscape disturbance in mountainous areas under the influence of human activities is of great significance to the conservation and scientific management of mountainous landscapes. We selected rural zones with four typical small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas as the research objects and analyzed the response of changes in rural landscape disturbance to human activity in these areas. Our results revealed that the landscape disturbance degree and human activity influence index increase in the majority of karst mountainous areas. The changes in human activity and landscape disturbances are generally observed in the low terrain relief region. High-intensity land use associated with rapid economic development has a serious negative impact on the degree of landscape disturbance, while ecological restoration projects exert a positive impact. Accelerating the implementation of the grain for green project and regulating the unregulated expansion of production and living land are crucial measures for the ecological management in karst mountainous areas. Future ecological management strategies should focus on relatively flat terrain areas. Our findings contributed to the landscape management and human activity regulation of different small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas. ABSTRACT However unclear landscapes smallscale small scale region Highintensity High intensity

Abstract Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are considered important in therapeutic and regenerative responses to lung injury. Despite extensive studies on the human, porcine, sheep, mouse and rat, it was found that PMSCs, which can been performed on goose, have not been well explored. Elucidation of cell differentiation, proliferation, which have not yet been well described, may promote the development of injured lung therapy. In our study, we firstly disclosed biological characteristics of spindle-shaped PMSCs from pulmonary tissues of goose embryos. Growth kinetics and counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay were employed for proliferative activity evaluation. When appropriately induced, PMSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, type II alveolar epithelial cells (ATII), which demonstrated that PMSCs have cross-embryonic layer differentiation potential. Besides, undifferentiated PMSCs consistently expressed MSCs associated phenotypes, such as CD166, CD90, CD44, CD29, CD71 and CD105, as identified by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Karyotype analysis demonstrated that PMSCs possessed stable diploid karyotype. Collectively, we successfully established applicable methods for isolation, culture, identification and characterization of goose PMSCs which suggested a potential therapeutic use in regenerative therapy. (PMSCs injury human porcine sheep rat explored proliferation described therapy study spindleshaped spindle shaped embryos kit8 kit 8 kit- CCK8 CCK (CCK8 evaluation induced osteoblasts adipocytes chondrocytes ATII, ATII , (ATII) crossembryonic cross embryonic Besides phenotypes CD166 CD CD90 CD44 CD29 CD7 CD105 RTPCR. RTPCR RT PCR. PCR RT-PCR karyotype Collectively isolation culture (CCK (ATII CD16 CD9 CD4 CD2 CD10 CD1

Abstract The subcortical maternal complex, which consists of maternal-effect genes, plays a crucial role in the development of oocytes and preimplantation embryo until the activation of the zygote genome. One such gene, known as peptidyl-arginine deiminase VI (Padi6), is involved in the oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development. However, the precise function of Padi6 gene in buffalo is still unclear and requires further investigation. In this study, the sequence, mRNA and protein expression patterns of Padi6 gene were analyzed in oocytes, preimplantation embryos and somatic tissues of buffalo. The coding sequence of gene was successfully cloned and characterized. Real-time quantitative PCR results indicated an absence of Padi6 transcripts in somatic tissues. Notably, the expression levels of Padi6 in oocytes showed an increased from the germinal vesicle stage to metaphase II stage, followed by a rapid decrease during the morula and blastocyst stages. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed these findings, revealing a noticeable decline in protein expression levels. Our research provides the initial comprehensive expression profile of Padi6 in buffalo oocytes and preimplantation embryos, serving as a solid foundation for further investigations into the functionality of maternal-effect genes in buffalo. complex maternaleffect effect genome peptidylarginine peptidyl arginine Padi6, Padi , (Padi6) maturation However investigation study characterized Realtime Real time Notably stages findings (Padi6 (Padi

ABSTRACT Background: The Angiographic Microvascular Resistance (AMR), derived from a solitary angiographic view, has emerged as a viable substitute for the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR). However, the prognostic significance in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients is yet to be established. This research endeavors to explore the prognostic capabilities of AMR in patients diagnosed with STEMI. Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study, 232 patients diagnosed with STEMI who received primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) were recruited from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2022. Utilizing the maximally selected log-rank statistics analysis, participants were divided into two cohorts according to an AMR threshold of 2.55 mmHg*s/cm. The endpoint evaluated was a composite of all-cause mortality or hospital read-mission due to heart failure. Results: At a median follow-up of 1.74 (1.07, 3.65) years, the composite endpoint event was observed in 28 patients within the higher AMR group and 8 patients within the lower AMR group. The higher AMR group showed a significantly higher risk for composite outcome compared to those within the low-AMR group (HRadj: 3.33; 95% CI 1.30–8.52; p = 0.03). AMR ≥ 2.55 mmHg*s/cm was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint (HR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.04–5.21; p = 0.04). Furthermore, a nomogram containing age, sex, left ventricle ejection fraction, post-PCI Quantitative Flow Ratio (QFR), and AMR was developed and indicated a poorer prognosis in the high-risk group for STEMI patients at 3 years. (HR=4.60; 95% CI 1.91–11.07; p < 0.01). Conclusions: AMR measured after PCI can predict the risk of all-cause death or readmission for heart failure in patients with STEMI. AMR-involved nomograms improved predictive performance over variables alone. Background AMR, , (AMR) view IMR. IMR . (IMR) However STSegment ST Segment (STEMI established Methods singlecenter, singlecenter single center, center single-center study 23 (PCI 1 2018 30 2022 logrank log rank analysis 255 2 55 2.5 mmHgscm mmHg s cm allcause all cause read mission Results followup follow up 174 74 1.7 1.07, 107 07 (1.07 3.65 365 65 years lowAMR low HRadj (HRadj 3.33 333 33 95 1.30–8.52 130852 52 0.03. 003 0.03 0 03 0.03) HR 2.33 233 1.04–5.21 104521 04 5 21 0.04. 004 0.04 0.04) Furthermore age sex fraction postPCI post QFR, QFR (QFR) highrisk high HR=4.60 HR460 4 60 (HR=4.60 1.91–11.07 1911107 91 11 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) Conclusions AMRinvolved involved alone (AMR (IMR 201 202 25 2. 17 7 1. 1.07 10 (1.0 3.6 36 6 3.3 9 1.30–8.5 13085 00 0.0 2.3 1.04–5.2 10452 (QFR HR=4.6 HR46 (HR=4.6 1.91–11.0 191110 20 1.0 (1. 3. 1.30–8. 1308 0. 1.04–5. 1045 HR=4. HR4 (HR=4. 1.91–11. 19111 (1 1.30–8 130 1.04–5 104 HR=4 (HR=4 1.91–11 1911 ( 1.30– 13 1.04– HR= (HR= 1.91–1 191 1.30 1.04 1.91– 19 1.3 1.91 1.9

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have robust potential functions and therapeutic value in breast cancer. Herein, we investigated the role SNORA5A in breast cancer. Samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were reviewed. The transcription matrix and clinical information were analyzed using R software and validated in clinical tissue samples. SNORA5A was significantly down-regulated in breast cancer, and high expression of SNORA5A correlated with a favorable prognosis. High expression of SNORA5A induced a high concentration of tumor-associated macrophages M1 and a low concentration of tumor-associated macrophages M2. Moreover, SNORA5A were clustered in terms related to cancer and immune functions. Possible downstream molecules of SNORA5A were identified, among which TRAF3IP3 was positively correlated with M1 and negatively correlated with M2. The function of TRAF3IP3 in tumor inhibition and its relationship with macrophages in clinical tissue samples were in accordance with bioinformatics analysis results. SNORA5A could regulate macrophage phenotypes through TRAF3IP3 and serves as a potential prognostic marker for breast cancer patients. snoRNAs (snoRNAs Herein SNORAA SNORA A TCGA (TCGA reviewed downregulated down regulated prognosis tumorassociated associated M M2 Moreover identified TRAFIP TRAF IP TRAF3IP results patients

Resumo: Este artigo mostra que, com o contínuo desenvolvimento da sociedade tradicional e a mudança no ambiente aquático, a paisagem do Pavilhão das Orquídeas mudou diversas vezes. A cognição da paisagem do Pavilhão das Orquídeas, pelos literatos das dinastias passadas, também tem sido continuamente sublimada devido a uma série de fatores naturais e sociais. Como uma importante paisagem histórica, ao sul do rio Yangtze, o Pavilhão das Orquídeas contém mais significado histórico e cultural do que a própria paisagem. Das Dinastias Wei e Jin à Dinastia Tang, o belo ambiente aquático e a paisagem cultural do Pavilhão das Orquídeas despertaram o desejo e a apreciação em todo o país pela sua beleza. No entanto, desde a Dinastia Song até ao final da Dinastia Ming, fatores como a guerra, o crescimento populacional e as alterações climáticas causaram danos ao ambiente aquático, e a paisagem do Pavilhão das Orquídeas não foi poupada. Os estudiosos tiveram que relembrar a paisagem do Pavilhão das Orquídeas em seus trabalhos devido à sua destruição. Na Dinastia Qing, o poder imperial interveio para reconstruir a paisagem do Pavilhão das Orquídeas. Os literatos e funcionários, no sul do rio Yangtze, aceitaram gradualmente o domínio do regime Qing, e a imagem da paisagem do Pavilhão das Orquídeas foi remodelada. Desde a República da China, os adeptos do final da Dinastia Qing têm usado o local e as suas atividades rituais para reforçar o seu sentido de identidade através de novas formas de mídia. O prefácio do Pavilhão das Orquídeas é uma coleção de acontecimentos, artigos e caligrafias, que supera o valor geral de visualização. Embora a caligrafia atinja o seu significado último, a influência de eventos e artigos é a condição para que ela entre no mundo clássico, e a aparência lendária e o apoio do poder imperial são as ajudas importantes para a sua difusão. Resumo vezes passadas sociais histórica Yangtze Tang beleza entanto Ming guerra poupada destruição funcionários remodelada China mídia acontecimentos caligrafias visualização último clássico difusão

Abstract: With the traditional society’s continuous development and the change in the water environment, the Orchid Pavilion landscape has changed several times. The cognition of the Orchid Pavilion landscape, by the literati of the past dynasties, has also been continuously sublimated due to a range of natural and societal factors. As an important historical landscape, south of the Yangtze River, Orchid Pavilion contains more historical and cultural significance than the landscape itself. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Tang Dynasty, the beautiful water environment and cultural landscape of Orchid Pavilion aroused nationwide longing and appreciation for its beauty. However, from the Song Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, factors, such as warfare, population growth and climate change caused damage to the water environment, and the landscape of the Orchid Pavilion was not spared. Scholars had to recall the Orchid Pavilion landscape in their work due to its destruction. In the Qing Dynasty, imperial power intervened to rebuild Orchid Pavilion landscape. The literati and officials, in the south of the Yangtze River, gradually accepted the rule of the Qing regime, and the image of the Orchid Pavilion landscape was reshaped. Since the Republic of China, the adherents of the late Qing Dynasty have used Orchid Pavilion and its ritual activities to reinforce their sense of identity through new forms of media. The preface to the Orchid Pavilion is a collection of events, articles and calligraphy, which surpasses the general value for viewing. Although calligraphy achieves its ultimate significance, the influence of events and articles is the condition for it to enter the classical world, and the legendary appearance and the support of imperial power are the important aids to its spread. Abstract societys society s times dynasties factors River itself beauty However warfare spared destruction officials regime reshaped China media viewing world spread

Resumen: el arte es la encarnación de la cultura y el espíritu nacional. El canto y el baile son una de las formas más antiguas y ricas del arte humano. No es sólo el producto de la experiencia y la experiencia emocional, sino también la trascendencia de la vida cotidiana vulgar. Como la característica más distinde las películas modernas de la India, el arte de cantar y bailar herede las ideas estéticas tradicionales de la India y la filosofía religiosa en el entorno audiovisual moderno se puede encontrar. Mantiene una impresión nacional distintiva en la marea de la internacionalización. Este tipo de arte es de gran importancia para la exploración de la nacionalidad del arte chino de canto y danza. Resumen humano emocional vulgar encontrar internacionalización danza

Abstract: Art is the embodiment of national culture and spirit. Singing and dancing are one of the earliest and richest forms of human art. It is not only the product of experience and emotional experience but also the transcendence of vulgar daily life. As the most distinctive feature of modern Indian films, the art of singing and dancing inherits the traditional Indian aesthetic ideas and religious philosophy in the modern audio-visual environment can be found. It maintains a distinctive national impression in the tide of internationalization. This kind of art form is of great significance to the exploration of the nationality of Chinese singing and dancing art. Abstract spirit life films audiovisual audio visual found internationalization

Abstract Objective Our study aimed to elucidate the effect of PAI-1 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1) and t-PA (Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator) in tissue remodeling in nasal polyps patients. Methods Samples were streamed as early Nasal Polyps (eNP, n = 10) and inferior tissue from the same patient, mature Nasal Polyps (mNP, n = 14), and Control group (n = 15), respectively. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were applied to detect localization. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to measure different levels among three groups. The mNP tissue was cultured in vitro and treated with TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1) activator, TGF-β1 inhibitor (SB431542), and PAI-1 inhibitor (TM5275); then Western blot, qRT-PCR, and ELISA were used to assess changes. Results The immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that PAI-1 expression decreased in eNP and mNP, mainly in epithelium and glands. The transcriptional expression and protein level of TGF-β1/t-PA/PAI-1/Collagen1 were lower in eNP than IT while mNP group demonstrated lower mRNA expression and protein level of TGF-β1/t-PA/PAI-1/Collagen1 than Control group. In mNP tissue culture in vitro, TGF-β1 activator elevated t-PA, PAI-1, and Collagen1 with higher release of PAI-1 and Collagen1 in supernatant, whereas SB431542 suppressed above reactions; TM5275 lowered transcriptional and protein level of Collagen1 in supernatant. Conclusion Early Nasal polyps’ formation in middle meatus mucous is related with fibrillation system PAI-1/t-PA and tissue remodeling; moreover, nasal polyps’ development is regulated by TGF-β1-mediated PAI-1 reduction. Level of evidence 3b. PAI1 PAI 1 PAI- Inhibitor1 Inhibitor Inhibitor-1 tPA t PA Tissuetype Tissue type patients eNP, (eNP 10 patient (mNP 14, 14 , 14) 15, 15 15) respectively localization RealTime Real Time qRTPCR qRT PCR (qRT-PCR groups TGFβ1 TGFβ TGF β1 β TGF-β Transforming Factorbeta Factor beta SB431542, SB (SB431542) TM (TM5275) qRTPCR, PCR, qRT-PCR changes glands TGFβ1/tPA/PAI1/Collagen1 TGFβ1tPAPAI1Collagen1 TGFβtPAPAICollagen β1/t PA/PAI 1/Collagen1 Collagen TGF-β1/t-PA/PAI-1/Collagen tPA, PA, PAI1, 1, supernatant SB43154 reactions TM527 PAI1/tPA PAI1tPA PAItPA 1/t moreover TGFβ1mediated TGFβmediated mediated reduction 3b b Inhibitor- (SB431542 (TM5275 TGFβ1/tPA/PAI1/Collagen tPAPAI TGFβ1tPAPAI1Collagen β1t βt PAPAI 1Collagen1 1/Collagen SB4315 TM52 1t (SB43154 (TM527 1Collagen SB431 TM5 (SB4315 (TM52 SB43 (SB431 (TM5 SB4 (SB43 (TM (SB4 (SB

Abstract Background: Bungarus multicinctus is one of the most dangerous venomous snakes prone to cardiopulmonary damage with extremely high mortality. In our previous work, we found that glutamine (Gln) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in pig serum were significantly reduced after Bungarus multicinctus bite. In the present study, to explore whether there is a link between the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary injury and Gln metabolic changes induced by Bungarus multicinctus venom. We investigated the effect of Gln supplementation on the lung and heart function after snakebite. Methods: We supplemented different concentrations of Gln to mice that were envenomated by Bungarus multicinctus to observe the biological behavior, survival rate, hematological and pathological changes. Gln was supplemented immediately or one hour after the venom injection, and then changes in Gln metabolism were analyzed. Subsequently, to further explore the protective mechanism of glutamine on tissue damage, we measured the expression of heat-shock protein70 (HSP70), NF-κB P65, P53/PUMA by western blotting and real-time polymerase in the lung and heart. Results: Gln supplementation delayed the envenoming symptoms, reduced mortality, and alleviated the histopathological changes in the heart and lung of mice bitten by Bungarus multicinctus. Additionally, Gln increased the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutaminase (GLS) in serum. It also balanced the transporter SLC7A11 expression in heart and lung tissues. Bungarus multicinctus venom induced the NF-κB nuclear translocation in the lung, while the HO-1 expression was suppressed. At the same time, venom activated the P53/PUMA signaling pathway and the BAX expression in the heart. Gln treatment reversed the above phenomenon and increased HSP70 expression. Conclusion: Gln alleviated the glutamine metabolism disorder and cardiopulmonary damage caused by Bungarus multicinctus venom. It may protect lungs and heart against venom by promoting the expression of HSP70, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and P53/PUMA, thereby delaying the process of snake venom and reducing mortality. The present results indicate that Gln could be a potential treatment for Bungarus multicinctus bite. Background mortality work (Gln GS (GS bite study snakebite Methods behavior rate injection analyzed Subsequently heatshock heat shock protein protein7 HSP , (HSP70) NFκB NF κB P65 P P53PUMA PPUMA P53 PUMA realtime real time Results symptoms Additionally GS, GDH (GDH GLS (GLS SLCA SLC A SLC7A1 tissues HO1 HO 1 HO- suppressed HSP7 Conclusion (HSP70 P6 P5 SLC7A (HSP7 (HSP

Abstract Objectives Cardiac involvement is one of the most serious complications of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) that indicates poor prognosis. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers for the identification of cardiac involvement and the prediction of prognosis in IIM. Here, we aimed to explore the value of different cardiac biomarkers in IIM patients. Methods A total of 142 IIM patients in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital from July 2019 to October 2022 were included in this study. The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatments and prognosis were recorded. The disease activity was assessed according to the core set measures. The correlations of the serum cardiac biomarkers levels with disease activity were analyzed by the Spearman correlation test. Risk factors for cardiac involvement were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Higher high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels were associated with cardiac involvement (n = 41) in IIM patients [adjusted OR 7.810 (95% CI: 1.962–31.097); p = 0.004], independent of other serum cardiac biomarkers. The abnormal hs-cTnI had the highest AUC for distinguishing of cardiac involvement in IIM patients (AUC = 0.848, 95% CI: 0.772,0.924; p < 0.001). Besides, we found that high serum levels of hs-cTnI were significantly correlated with disease activity. Moreover, patients with higher serum levels of hs-cTnI tended to suffer from poor prognosis. Conclusions Serum hs-cTnI testing may play a role in screening for cardiac involvement in IIM patients. Abnormal levels of serum hs-cTnI were associated with increased disease activity and poor prognosis. Key Points Among all the cardiac biomarkers, the serum levels of hs-cTnI were independently associated with cardiac involvement in IIM patients. The serum levels of hs-cTnI were significantly correlated with disease activity in IIM patients. The abnormal hs-cTnI levels were correlated with poor prognosis in IIM patients. (IIM However Here 14 Immunology 201 202 study characteristics tests recorded measures test analysis highsensitivity sensitivity hscTnI hs cTnI (hs-cTnI n 41 adjusted 7810 7 810 7.81 95 (95 CI 1.962–31.097 196231097 1 962 31 097 1.962–31.097) 0.004, 0004 0.004 , 0 004 0.004] 0848 848 0.848 0.772,0.924 07720924 772 924 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) Besides Moreover 20 4 781 81 7.8 9 (9 1.962–31.09 19623109 96 3 09 000 0.00 00 084 84 0.84 0.772,0.92 0772092 77 92 2 78 8 7. ( 1.962–31.0 1962310 0.0 08 0.8 0.772,0.9 077209 1.962–31. 196231 0. 0.772,0. 07720 1.962–31 19623 0.772,0 0772 1.962–3 1962 0.772, 077 1.962– 196 0.772 07 1.962 19 0.77 1.96 0.7 1.9 1.

Abstract Pressure-assisted thermal sterilization (PATS) is a new technology to inactivate bacterial spores and ensure food safety. Little has been known about the effects of PATS combining with ε-PL on the spore’s nucleic acid, enzymes and other key substances. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation effect of PATS combining with ε-PL on the spores of B. subtilis. The spores were treated with pressure 600 MPa at 25 °C, 65 °C and 75 °C, and ε-PL at 0.1% and 0.3%. After treatment, the survival rate of B. subtilis spores, leakage of nucleic acid and protein, the change in the cell membrane ATPase activity, the leakage of dipicolinic acid, and the damage on protein and nucleic acid of the spores were determined. The results showed that PATS combining with ε-PL inactivated more spores, and significantly increased the release of protein and nucleic acid compared to the control. ATPase activity reached the lowest value after the treatment of 600 MPa/75 °C combining with 0.3% ε-PL. The release of dipicolinic acid from the spores was increased by 600 MPa/75 °C combining with 0.3% ε-PL as compared with 600 MPa/75 °C treatment alone. FTIR analysis showed that a combination of PATS with ε-PL changed the spectral features of B. subtilis functional groups of proteins and nucleic acids. The PATS treatments when combined with ε-PL were found to shift the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrational absorption peaks of phosphodiester group in nucleic acid molecules (P=O). This change suggested that the combined treatment denatured nucleic acid. The combined treatment also changed the protein from an ordered state to a disordered state, and decreased protein stability. The results improved our understanding on the principle of spore inactivation by PATS combining with ε-PL. Pressureassisted Pressure assisted (PATS safety εPL ε PL s substances B 60 2 C 6 7 01 0 1 0.1 03 3 determined control MPa75 MPa/7 0.3 εPL. PL. alone acids P=O. PO P=O . P O (P=O) stability 0. MPa7 MPa/ (P=O

ABSTRACT Background The purpose is to compare the efficacy and safety of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (standard-PCNL) in patients with renal stones >2cm. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies before March 8, 2021. Stone-free rate (SFR), operation time, fever rate, hemoglobin drop, blood transfusion rate, and hospitalization time were used as outcomes to compare mini-PCNL and standard-PCNL. The meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager version 5.4. Results Seven randomized controlled trials were included in our meta-analysis, involving 1407 mini-PCNL cases and 1436 standard-PCNL cases. Our results reveal that, for renal stones >2cm, mini-PCNL has a similar SFR (risk ratio (RR)=1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98 to 1.04, p=0.57) and fever rate (RR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.97-1.51, p=0.08). Standard-PCNL was associated with a significantly shorter operating time (weighted mean difference (WMD)=8.23, 95% CI: 3.44 to 13.01, p <0.01) and a longer hospitalization time (WMD=-20.05, 95% CI: -29.28 to -10.81, p <0.01) than mini-PCNL. Subgroup analysis showed hemoglobin drop and blood transfusion for 30F standard-PCNL were more common than mini-PCNL (WMD=-0.95, 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.50, p <0.01; RR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.58, p <0.01). Conclusion In the treatment of >2cm renal stones, mini-PCNL should be considered an effective and reliable alternative to standard-PCNL (30F). It achieves a comparable SFR to standard-PCNL, but with less blood loss, lower transfusion rate, and shorter hospitalization. However, the mini-PCNL does not show a significant advantage over the 24F standard-PCNL. On the contrary, this procedure takes a longer operation time. Trial registration This meta-analysis was reported consistent with the PRISMA statement and was registered on PROSPERO, with registration number 2021CRD42021234893.

Eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) perform critical functions in temperature regulation in humans. Foxa1 plays an important role in ESG maturation and sweat secretion. Its molecular mechanism, however, remains unknown. This study investigated the expression of Foxa1 and Na-K-ATPase (NKA) in rat footpads at different development stages using immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Also, bioinformatics analysis and Foxa1 overexpression and silencing were employed to evaluate Foxa1 regulation of NKA. The results demonstrated that Foxa1 was consistently expressed during the late stages of ESGs and had a significant role in secretory coil maturation during sweat secretion. Furthermore, the mRNA abundance and protein expression of NKA had similar accumulation trends to those of Foxa1, confirming their underlying connections. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Foxa1 may interact with these two proteins via binding to conserved motifs in their promoter regions. Foxa1 gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in Foxa1-modified cells demonstrated that the activities of NKA were dependent on the presence of Foxa1. Collectively, these data provided evidence that Foxa1 may influence ESG development through transcriptional regulation of NKA expression.

Abstract Purple Eleutherococcus is a selected plant grown in high mountain in Puer region of Yunnan province, which is a rich source of anthocyanins with great potential as local vegetables and tea. However, the unknown botanical origin of purple Eleutherococcus restricted its edible value. Our objectives were to identify the botanical origin of purple Eleutherococcus by DNA marker combined with the morphological characteristics, optimaze the extration method of anthocyanins by orthogonal experiment method and determine the contents of anthocyanins in purple Eleutherococcus tea. The results revealed that the purple Eleutherococcus was more closely related to Eleutherococcus simonii through comparing the sequence alignment of ITS2. Combined with the morphological characteristics of plants, purple Eleutherococcus was finally identified and classified into Eleutherococcus simonii. Through orthogonal experiment, the optimal extraction conditions of anthocyanins from purple Eleutherococcus leaves were determined: the volume fraction of ethanol was 60%, the pH of ethanol solution was 3, and the water bath temperature was 60 °C. The ultrasonic extraction was conducted for 30 min. Our study provides scientific theoretical basis for the industrial extraction of anthocyanins and provides reference value for the further development of purple Eleutherococcus in Puer region of Yunnan province in China.

Abstract There are many restrictions on topical medications for the oral cavity. Various factors affect the topical application of drugs in the oral cavity, an open and complex environment. The complex physical and chemical environment of the oral cavity, such as saliva and food, will influence the effect of free drugs. Therefore, drug delivery systems have served as supporting structures or as carriers loading active ingredients, such as antimicrobial agents and growth factors (GFs), to promote antibacterial properties, tissue regeneration, and engineering for drug diffusion. These drug delivery systems are considered in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical disease, the delivery of anesthetic drugs, etc. These carrier materials are designed in different ways for clinical application, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, films, and scaffolds. This review aimed to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different carrier materials. We discuss synthesis methods and their application scope to provide new perspectives for the development and preparation of more favorable and effective local oral drug delivery systems.