Double-layer Ni-P coatings with low phosphorus content in the inner layer and high phosphorus content in the outer layer and Ni-Mo-P composite coatings are successfully prepared on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy by chemical plating process. The microstructures, friction and corrosion resistance of double-layer Ni-P and Ni-Mo-P coatings are studied in comparison. Meanwhile, the deposition and corrosion resistance mechanism for the coatings are investigated. Results convey that both Ni-P and Ni-Mo-P coatings showcase an amorphous structure. The coating possesses denser and more homogeneous structure with the co-doping of Mo. The micro-indentation hardness (859.7 HV) and friction coefficient (0.58) of Ni-Mo-P coatings show that the ternary alloy coating is firmly bonded to the magnesium alloy substrate. Besides, the Ni-Mo-P coatings demonstrate exceptional wear resistance attributed to Mo co-deposition, fostering grain refinement and facilitating the growth of passivation films. Doublelayer Double NiP Ni P NiMoP AZD AZ D process microstructures doublelayer double comparison Meanwhile investigated codoping co doping microindentation micro indentation 859.7 8597 859 7 (859. HV 0.58 058 0 58 (0.58 substrate Besides codeposition, codeposition deposition, co-deposition films 859. 85 (859 0.5 05 5 (0.5 8 (85 0. (0. (8 (0 (

Clinical studies have found that neonatal sevoflurane exposure can increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction. However, recent studies have found that it can exhibit neuroprotective effects in some situations. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of sevoflurane neonatal exposure in rats. A total of 144 rat pups (72 males and 72 females) were assigned to six groups and separately according to sevoflurane exposure of different times on the seventh day after birth. Blood gas analysis and western blot detection in the hippocampus were conducted after exposure. The Morris water maze test was conducted on the 32nd to 38th days after birth. The expression of PSD95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus was detected after the Morris water maze test. We found that neonatal exposure to sevoflurane promoted apoptosis in the hippocampus, and Bax and caspase-3 were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The 2-h exposure had the greatest effects on cognitive dysfunction. However, with the extension of exposure time to 6 h, the effects on cognitive function were partly compensated. In addition, sevoflurane exposure decreased synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. However, as the exposure time was extended, the suppression of synaptogenesis was attenuated. In conclusion, neonatal sevoflurane exposure exhibited duration-dependent effects on cognitive function via Bax-caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and bidirectional effects on synaptogenesis in rats. dysfunction However situations study rats 14 (7 7 females birth nd th PSD PSD9 caspase3 caspase 3 caspase- dosedependent dose dependent manner 2h h 2 compensated addition extended attenuated conclusion durationdependent duration Baxcaspase3dependent Baxcaspasedependent 1 ( Baxcaspase

Abstract: In the age of scientism, it is not a surprise to revisit Lukács’ realist view of literature. Although some scholars have criticized his holism view, his realist view of literature is exactly what the times need, in terms of its concern for the reality of human life and its criticism of social reality. This general view is useful in realizing the realistic effect of literary criticism based on the criticism of an irrational general view. However, people overlook this point when criticizing his general and ideological view. His “realism” is not the same as the “imitation” of classical realism, nor is it the same as the “reproduction” of critical realism. The creation of art, including literature, is not just a simple adherence to social reality, but a reflection of the overall historical social reality through archetypes. Abstract scientism Lukács need However realism “realism imitation “imitation reproduction “reproduction art archetypes

Resumen: En la era del cientificismo, no es sorprendente revivir la visión realista de Lukács de la literatura. Aunque algunos estudiosos han criticado su visión holística, a juzgar por la preocupación por la realidad de la vida humana y la crítica de la realidad social, su visión realista de la literatura es exactamente lo que los tiempos necesitan. En el contexto del postmodernismo, cuando se critica su visión universal e ideológica del pueblo, se ignora la utilidad de esta visión universal para lograr los efectos realistas de la crítica literaria basada en la visión universal irracional. Su "realismo" no es lo mismo que la "imitación" del realismo clásico, ni la "reproducción" del realismo crítico. La creación artística, incluida la literatura, no es solo una simple adhesión a la realidad social, sino un reflejo de la realidad social histórica general a través de prototipos. Resumen cientificismo holística necesitan postmodernismo pueblo irracional "realismo imitación "imitación clásico reproducción "reproducción crítico artística prototipos

ABSTRACT Currently, the incidence of esophageal cancer continues to rise around the world. Because of its good early prognosis, it is of great significance to establish an effective model for predicting the survival of EC patients. The purpose of this study was to predict survival after diagnosis in Esophageal Cancer (EC) patients by constructing a valid clinical nomogram. In this study, 5037 EC patient samples diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were screened by accessing the SEER database, and 8 independent prognostic factors were screened by various methods, and Cox multivariate regression was included to construct a prognostic model and nomogram for esophageal cancer. to estimate esophageal cancer recurrence and overall survival. Calibration of the nomogram predicted probabilities of 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival probability, which were closely related to actual survival. In conclusion, this study validated that the column-line graphical model can be considered an individualized quantitative tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with EC in order to assist clinicians in making therapeutic decisions. Currently world (EC 503 201 database methods 1year, 1year year 1 year, 1-year 3year 3 5year 5 probability conclusion columnline column line decisions 50 20 2

Abstract Background Neonatal Intrahepatic Cholestasis (NICCD), as the early-age stage of Citrin deficiency involving liver dysfunction, lacks efficient diagnostic markers. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been identified as a biomarker for infection as well as various organ damage. This study aimed to explore the potential of PCT as a biomarker for NICCD. Methods In a single-center retrospective case-control study. Serum PCT concentrations before and after treatment of 120 NICCD patients, as the study group, were compared to the same number of cholestatic hepatitis patients, as the control group. The potential value of PCT to discriminate NICCD from control disease was further explored using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared to those of other inflammatory markers. Results There was a significantly higher level of PCT in NICCD patients than in the control group. PCT concentrations were only weakly correlated with neutrophil counts and CRP levels (p ˂ 0.05). At a cut-off value of 0.495 ng/mL, PCT exhibited a significantly higher diagnostic value compared to other inflammatory markers for discriminating NICCD from the control, with a sensitivity of 90.8 % and specificity of 98.3 %. Conclusion PCT might be used as an initial biomarker to discriminate children with NICCD from another hepatitis disease. NICCD, , (NICCD) earlyage early age dysfunction (PCT damage singlecenter single center casecontrol case 12 group ROC (ROC p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) cutoff cut off 0495 495 0.49 ngmL ng mL ng/mL 908 90 8 90. 983 98 3 98. (NICCD 1 00 0.0 049 49 0.4 9 0. 04 4

Enhanced corrosion-resistant Ni-Cu-P amorphous coatings were applied to AZ91D magnesium alloy substrates using an integrated approach that included direct-current (DC) copper pre-plating and electroless Ni-Cu-P plating at varying CuSO4 concentrations. The effects of CuSO4 concentration on the microstructure, electrochemistry behavior and corrosion rate of Ni-Cu-P coatings and the adhesion between the Ni-Cu-P coating and the magnesium alloys substrate were investigated. The results indicated that the surface of the Ni-Cu-P ternary coating which integrated well with the magnesium alloys substrate exhibited heterogeneous cell structure with relatively flat and dense structure. When the CuSO4 concentration was 0.8 g/L, the mass fraction of P in the coating was 9.06 wt% meaning amorphous Ni-Cu-P coating. The results of the Nyquist and Bode graph, corrosion rate, corrosion morphologies and of the Ni-Cu-P coatings with different CuSO4 addition indicated that the corrosion resistance reached optimization with corrosion potential of -0.31 V, the corrosion current density of 0.0039 A/cm2 when the CuSO4 concentration is 0.8 g/L. Furthermore, the adhesion test confirmed that the adhesion of Ni-Cu-P coatings improved gradually as the CuSO4 concentration increased and exhibited optimum when added 1.0 g/L CuSO4. The obtained Ni-Cu-P coating with amorphous structure prevented effectively magnesium alloy from corrosion. corrosionresistant resistant NiCuP Ni Cu AZD AZ D directcurrent direct DC (DC preplating pre CuSO concentrations microstructure investigated 08 0 8 0. gL g L 906 9 06 9.0 wt graph 0.31 031 31 -0.3 V 00039 0039 0.003 Acm2 Acm A cm2 cm A/cm Furthermore 10 1 1. 90 9. 0.3 03 3 -0. 0003 003 0.00 -0 000 00 0.0 -

Renal fibrosis is a common manifestation in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure. Currently, there is no available therapy to prevent the progression of renal fibrosis. Poricoic acid A (PAA) isolated from Poria cocos shows notable antifibrotic effects. However, its potential mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanisms of PAA against renal fibrosis. A mouse model of renal fibrosis was established using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We showed that PAA administration significantly alleviated renal lesions and collagen deposition in UUO mice. Mice with UUO resulted in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the renal tissues, while PAA treatment significantly inhibited EMT and ERS activation. Additionally, PAA markedly alleviated ERS-mediated apoptosis in UUO mice. Molecular docking results indicated that PAA stably combined to GRP78 and ATF4. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that PAA possesses a significant bioactivity against renal fibrosis and its treatment mechanism might be the inhibition of ERS-mediated apoptosis. CKD (CKD failure Currently (PAA However unclear UUO. . (UUO) mice epithelialtomesenchymal epithelial mesenchymal (EMT (ERS tissues Additionally ERSmediated mediated GRP GRP7 ATF4 ATF conclusion (UUO

Abstract Studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in neurological dysfunction and that electroacupuncture (EA) attenuates neuropathic pain (NP) via undefined pathways. However, the role of ERS in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in NP and the effect of EA on ERS in the ACC have not yet been investigated. In this study, an NP model was established by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the left sciatic nerve in rats, and mechanical and cold tests were used to evaluate behavioral hyperalgesia. The protein expression and distribution were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results showed that glucose-regulated protein 78 (BIP) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE-1α) were co-localized in neurons in the ACC. After CCI, BIP, IRE-1α, and phosphorylation of IRE-1α were upregulated in the ACC. Intra-ACC administration of 4-PBA and Kira-6 attenuated pain hypersensitivity and downregulated phosphorylation of IRE-1α, while intraperitoneal injection of 4-PBA attenuated hyperalgesia and inhibited the activation of P38 and JNK in ACC. In contrast, ERS activation by intraperitoneal injection of tunicamycin induced behavioral hyperalgesia in naive rats. Furthermore, EA attenuated pain hypersensitivity and inhibited the CCI-induced overexpression of BIP and pIRE-1α. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EA attenuates NP by suppressing BIP- and IRE-1α-mediated ERS in the ACC. Our study presents novel evidence that ERS in the ACC is implicated in the development of NP and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the analgesic effect of EA.

Abstract Introduction: dysphagia is a common complication of stroke, and serum albumin is widely recognized as a strong prognostic marker of health and/or disease status. However, the correlation between dysphagia and serum albumin levels has not been established. Objectives: to observe the correlation between dysphagia and serum albumin levels and prognosis in patients with stroke. Methods: we performed a retrospective study of patients hospitalized between June 1, 2018, and June 1, 2022. A total of 1,370 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: dysphagia and non-dysphagia. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between dysphagia, albumin, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), activities of daily living (ADL), and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of pneumonia in the dysphagia group was 2.417 times higher than that in the non-dysphagia group (OR = 2.417, 95 % CI: 1.902-3.072, p = 0.000). The risk of mRS ≥ 3 and modified Barthel index (MBI) < 60 in patients with dysphagia was 3.272-fold (OR = 3.272, 95 % CI: 2.508-4.269, p < 0.001) and 1.670-fold (OR = 1.670, 95 % CI: 1.230-2.268, p < 0.001), respectively; and the risk of hypoproteinemia was 2.533 times higher (OR = 2.533, 95 % CI: 1.879-3.414, p = 0.000). Stepwise linear regression showed that dysphagia was significantly correlated with lower albumin levels and higher mRS, lower ADL, and longer LOS in patients with stroke (β = -0.220, β = 0.265, β = -0.210, and β = 0.147, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: dysphagia in patients with stroke is associated with decreased albumin levels and has an impact on its prognosis.

Resumen Introducción: la disfagia es una complicación común del accidente cerebrovascular, y la albúmina sérica es ampliamente reconocida como un fuerte marcador pronóstico del estado de salud y/o enfermedad. Sin embargo, no se ha establecido la correlación entre la disfagia y los niveles de albúmina sérica. Objetivos: observar la correlación entre la disfagia y los niveles de albúmina sérica y el pronóstico en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular. Métodos: realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados entre el 1 de junio de 2018 y el 1 de junio de 2022. Se inscribieron un total de 1.370 pacientes, los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos: con disfagia y sin disfagia. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística binaria y de regresión lineal múltiple para analizar la correlación entre la disfagia, la albúmina, la escala de Rankin modificada (ERm), las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria (TEH). Resultados: después de ajustar por factores de confusión, el riesgo de neumonía en el grupo de disfagia fue 2,417 veces mayor que en el grupo sin disfagia (OR = 2,417, IC 95 %: 1,902-3,072, p = 0,000). El riesgo de ERm ≥ 3 y el índice de Barthel modificado (MBI) < 60 en pacientes con disfagia se multiplicó por 3,272 veces (OR = 3,272, IC 95 %: 2,508-4,269, p < 0,001) y 1,670 veces (OR = 1,670, IC 95 %: 1,230-2,268, p < 0,001), respectivamente; el riesgo de hipoproteinemia fue 2,533 veces mayor (OR = 2,533, IC 95 %: 1,879-3,414, p = 0,000). La regresión lineal por pasos mostró que la disfagia se correlacionó significativamente con niveles más bajos de albúmina y ERm más altos, AVD más bajos y TEH más prolongados en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular (β = -0,220, β = 0,265, β = -0,210 y β = 0,147, respectivamente; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: la disfagia en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular se asocia a una disminución de los niveles de albúmina y repercute en su pronóstico.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the optimal timing of initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. Methods: KD patients were classified as the early group (day 1-4), conventional group (day 5-7), conventional group (day 8-10), and late group (after day 10). Differences among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square analysis. Predictors of IVIG resistance and the optimal cut-off value were determined by multiple logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in IVIG resistance among the 4 groups (p = 0.335). The sensitivity analysis also confirmed no difference in the IVIG resistance between those who started the initial IVIG ≤ day 7 of illness and those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness (p = 0.761). In addition, patients who received IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset had a higher proportion of coronary artery abnormalities (p = 0.034) and longer length of hospitalization (p = 0.033) than those who started IVIG administration less than 7 days. The optimal cut-off value of initial IVIG administration time for predicting IVIG resistance was >7 days, with a sensitivity of 75.25% and specificity of 82.41%. Conclusions: IVIG therapy within 7 days of illness is found to be more effective for reducing the risk of coronary artery abnormalities than those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness. IVIG treatment within the 7 days of illness seems to be the optimal therapeutic window of IVIG. However, further prospective studies with long-term follow-up are required. Objective (IVIG (KD Methods 14, 14 1 , 1-4) 57, 57 5 5-7) 810, 810 8 10 8-10) after 10. . 10) Chisquare Chi square cutoff cut off ROC (ROC Results p 0.335. 0335 0.335 0 335 0.335) 0.761. 0761 0.761 761 0.761) addition 0.034 0034 034 0.033 0033 033 > 7525 75 25 75.25 8241 82 41 82.41% Conclusions However longterm long term followup follow up required 1-4 5-7 81 8-10 0.33 33 076 0.76 76 0.03 003 03 752 2 75.2 824 82.41 1- 5- 8-1 0.3 3 07 0.7 0.0 00 75. 82.4 8- 0. 82.

Abstract Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multiple algorithms was used to determinate the tea polyphenols content in Chongzhou new loquat tea lines quickly and nondestructively. Samples of 26 Chongzhou new loquat tea lines were collected, then scanning NIRS, pretreating spectral noise information, screening characteristic spectral intervals by backward interval partial least squares, proceeding principal component analysis. Finally, the artificial neural network (BP-ANN) method with three kinds of transfer functions was applied to establish models. The best pretreated method was the combination of standard normal variation (SNV) and first derivative, and the characteristic spectral regions selected were 4381.5-4755.6 cm–1, 4759.5-5133.6 cm–1, 6266.6-6637.8 cm–1 and 7389.9-7760.2 cm–1, respectively. The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components of the selected characteristic spectra was 95.24%. When the BP-ANN calibration set model was established with the logistic function, NIRS model had the best results, whose root mean square error and determination coefficient of the cross validation were 0.975 and 0.372%, respectively. The root mean square error and the determination coefficient of the prediction set model were 0.962 and 0.400%, respectively. The results showed NIRS can predict the tea polyphenols content in Chongzhou new loquat tea lines quickly and accurately. (NIRS nondestructively 2 collected information squares analysis Finally BPANN BP ANN (BP-ANN models SNV (SNV derivative 4381.54755.6 4381547556 4381.5 4755.6 4381 5 4755 6 4381.5-4755. cm1 cm 1 4759.55133.6 4759551336 4759.5 5133.6 4759 5133 4759.5-5133. 6266.66637.8 6266666378 6266.6 6637.8 6266 6637 8 6266.6-6637. cm– 7389.97760.2 7389977602 7389.9 7760.2 7389 9 7760 7389.9-7760. respectively 9524 95 24 95.24% function 0975 0 975 0.97 0372 372 0.372% 0962 962 0.96 0400 400 0.400% accurately 54755 4381.54755. 438154755 43815 4381. 47556 4755. 438 475 4381.5-4755 55133 4759.55133. 475955133 47595 4759. 51336 5133. 513 4759.5-5133 66637 6266.66637. 626666637 62666 6266. 66378 6637. 626 663 6266.6-6637 97760 7389.97760. 738997760 73899 7389. 77602 7760. 738 776 7389.9-7760 952 95.24 097 97 0.9 037 37 0.372 096 96 040 40 0.400 5475 4381.54755 43815475 43 47 4381.5-475 5513 4759.55133 47595513 51 4759.5-513 6663 6266.66637 62666663 62 66 6266.6-663 9776 7389.97760 73899776 73 77 7389.9-776 95.2 09 0. 03 3 0.37 04 4 0.40 547 4381.5475 4381547 4381.5-47 551 4759.5513 4759551 4759.5-51 666 6266.6663 6266666 6266.6-66 977 7389.9776 7389977 7 7389.9-77 95. 0.3 0.4 54 4381.547 438154 4381.5-4 55 4759.551 475955 4759.5-5 6266.666 626666 6266.6-6 7389.977 738997 7389.9-7 4381.54 4381.5- 4759.55 4759.5- 6266.66 6266.6- 7389.97 7389.9-

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the design of a safflower picking robot control system and focuses on a navigation control subsystem based on multisensor fusion. A navigation subsystem, an identification and positioning subsystem, a picking subsystem, and a levelling subsystem are designed. The hardware and software of the navigation subsystem are designed in detail, and a multisensor fusion positioning method based on extended Kalman fusion technology is proposed. The accuracy and stability levels of different combined navigation methods are compared. To test the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, an outdoor test is carried out. The test results show that the outdoor fusion positioning accuracy of the robot is less than 8 cm, and when the satellite signal is lost, the navigation control subsystem can still provide high positioning accuracy. The final positioning result obtained using the integrated positioning method of the wheel odometer + IMU + DGNSS is approximately 52% higher than that of the odometer, approximately 29% higher than that of the wheel odometer + IMU, and approximately 11% higher than that of the IMU + DGNSS. detail compared out cm lost 52 29 11 5 2 1

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the Shikonin (SHI) induce autophagy of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSFs) and the mechanism of which in repairing hypertrophic scar. Methods: This study showed that SHI induced autophagy from HSFs and repaired skin scars through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Alamar Blue and Sirius red were used to identify cell activity and collagen. Electron microscopy, label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, fluorescence and other methods were used to identify autophagy. The differences in the expression of autophagy and AMPK/mTOR pathway-related proteins after SHI treatment were quantitatively analyzed by Western blots. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of LC3, AMPK and ULK after adding chloroquine (CQ) autophagy inhibitor. Results: After treatment with SHI for 24 hours, it was found that the viability of HSFs was significantly reduced, the protein expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin1 increased, while the protein expression of P62 decreased. The expression of phosphorylated AMPK increased and expression of phosphorylated mTOR decreased. After the use of CQ, the cell autophagy caused by SHI was blocked. The key genes LC3 and P62 were then reexamined by immunohistochemistry using a porcine full-thickness burn hypertrophic scar model, and the results verified that SHI could induce autophagy in vivo. Conclusions: These findings suggested that SHI promoted autophagy of HSFs cells, and the potential mechanism may be related to the AMPK/mTOR signal pathway, which provided new insights for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Purpose (SHI scarderived derived (HSFs Methods AMPKmTOR pathway collagen microscopy labelfree label free analysis pathwayrelated blots realtime real time LC CQ (CQ inhibitor Results 2 hours reduced LC3II/LC3I LC3IILC3I LCIILCI II/LC3 I II Beclin P P6 decreased blocked fullthickness full thickness model vivo Conclusions cells LC3II LC3I IILC IILC3 II/LC LCII LCI

Abstract Objectives Cardiac involvement is one of the most serious complications of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) that indicates poor prognosis. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers for the identification of cardiac involvement and the prediction of prognosis in IIM. Here, we aimed to explore the value of different cardiac biomarkers in IIM patients. Methods A total of 142 IIM patients in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital from July 2019 to October 2022 were included in this study. The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatments and prognosis were recorded. The disease activity was assessed according to the core set measures. The correlations of the serum cardiac biomarkers levels with disease activity were analyzed by the Spearman correlation test. Risk factors for cardiac involvement were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Higher high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels were associated with cardiac involvement (n = 41) in IIM patients [adjusted OR 7.810 (95% CI: 1.962–31.097); p = 0.004], independent of other serum cardiac biomarkers. The abnormal hs-cTnI had the highest AUC for distinguishing of cardiac involvement in IIM patients (AUC = 0.848, 95% CI: 0.772,0.924; p < 0.001). Besides, we found that high serum levels of hs-cTnI were significantly correlated with disease activity. Moreover, patients with higher serum levels of hs-cTnI tended to suffer from poor prognosis. Conclusions Serum hs-cTnI testing may play a role in screening for cardiac involvement in IIM patients. Abnormal levels of serum hs-cTnI were associated with increased disease activity and poor prognosis. Key Points Among all the cardiac biomarkers, the serum levels of hs-cTnI were independently associated with cardiac involvement in IIM patients. The serum levels of hs-cTnI were significantly correlated with disease activity in IIM patients. The abnormal hs-cTnI levels were correlated with poor prognosis in IIM patients. (IIM However Here 14 Immunology 201 202 study characteristics tests recorded measures test analysis highsensitivity sensitivity hscTnI hs cTnI (hs-cTnI n 41 adjusted 7810 7 810 7.81 95 (95 CI 1.962–31.097 196231097 1 962 31 097 1.962–31.097) 0.004, 0004 0.004 , 0 004 0.004] 0848 848 0.848 0.772,0.924 07720924 772 924 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) Besides Moreover 20 4 781 81 7.8 9 (9 1.962–31.09 19623109 96 3 09 000 0.00 00 084 84 0.84 0.772,0.92 0772092 77 92 2 78 8 7. ( 1.962–31.0 1962310 0.0 08 0.8 0.772,0.9 077209 1.962–31. 196231 0. 0.772,0. 07720 1.962–31 19623 0.772,0 0772 1.962–3 1962 0.772, 077 1.962– 196 0.772 07 1.962 19 0.77 1.96 0.7 1.9 1.

Abstract Objectives The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within synovial joints and tissues is the initiating factor for gout arthritis. Thus, MSU crystals are a vital tool for studying gout's molecular mechanism in animal and cellular models. This study mainly compared the excellence and worseness of MSU crystals prepared by different processes and the degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. Methods MSU crystals were prepared using neutralization, alkali titration, and acid titration methods. The crystals' shape, length, quality, and uniformity were observed by polarized light microscopy and calculated by the software Image J. The foot pad and air pouch models were used to assess the different degrees of inflammation induced by the MSU crystals prepared by the three different methods at different time points. Paw swelling was evaluated by caliper. In air pouch lavage fluid, inflammatory cell recruitment was measured by hemocytometer, and the level of IL-1β TNF- α, and IL-18 by ELISA. Inflammatory cell infiltration was assayed by immunohistochemistry of air pouch synovial slices. Results For the preparation of MSU crystals with the same uric acid, the quantity acquired by the alkalization method was highest, followed by neutralization, with the acid titration method being the lowest. The crystals prepared by neutralization were the longest. The swelling index of the foot pad induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other methods at 24 h. The inflammatory cell recruitment and level of 1-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 in air pouch lavage fluid were lowest in animals with crystals prepared by acid titration. IL-1β secretion induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other two groups, but there was no significant difference in IL-18 secretion between the three groups in THP-1 macrophages and BMDMs. Conclusions All three methods can successfully prepare MSU crystals, but the levels of inflammation induced by the crystals prepared by the three methods were not identical. The degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals prepared by neutralization and alkalization is greater than by acid titration, but the quantity of MSU crystals obtained by the alkalization method is higher and less time-consuming. Apparently, the window of inflammation triggered by acid titration preparation is shorter compared to other forms of crystal preparation. Overall, MSU crystals prepared by the alkaline method should be recommended for studying the molecular mechanisms of gout in animal and cellular models. (MSU arthritis Thus gouts s shape length quality J points caliper hemocytometer IL1β ILβ IL 1β β TNF α IL18 18 IL-1 ELISA slices highest longest 2 h 11β, 11β 1 1β, 1-1β TNFα, TNFα TNF-α THP1 THP THP- BMDMs identical timeconsuming. timeconsuming consuming. consuming time-consuming Apparently Overall IL1 IL-