We created a fast and effective thin-layer chromatography method to detect homoisoflavones in Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (POD), demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Utilizing this method, we assessed the quality of 20 commercial batches of POD. Our results indicated that homoisoflavones (III, IV, and V) were present in 8 samples, absent in 7, and detected in 5. This method facilitates the effective evaluation of POD germplasm resources, laying a strong foundation for enhancing quality standards. This advancement aids in the standardization and quality control of POD, ensuring the consistency of its active ingredients and thereby supporting its therapeutic applications. thinlayer thin layer Mill. Mill (Mill. , (POD) sensitivity specificity stability 2 III, III (III IV V samples 7 5 resources standards applications (Mill (POD

A series of 4H-pyran derivatives were synthesized through a three-component condensation reaction in a pot using aromatic aldehyde, cyclohexanedione, and malononitrile in the dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid/H2O microemulsion system. This protocol is attractive because dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid microemulsion is superior for organic reaction due to its dual catalysis. On the one hand, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid acts as a Brønsted acid to catalyze the reaction; on the other hand, it can form a microemulsion as surfactant to enlarge the boundary area and entrap water produced during esterification reaction. In addition, the reaction process is simple, with high liaison formation effciency, good yields, and environmentally harmless reaction conditions. The dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid/H2O microemulsion system was equally effective when used in consecutive reactions. 4Hpyran Hpyran 4H pyran H threecomponent three component aldehyde cyclohexanedione acidH2O acidHO H2O O catalysis hand addition simple effciency yields conditions reactions acidH HO

Abstract Objective To investigate whether additional Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) combined with conventional therapy improves outcomes for patients with Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) compared with conventional therapy alone. Methods Two reviewers independently searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for relevant Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) examining CBT for PPPD which were conducted and published in English from January 2002 to November 2022. RCTs reporting any indicators for assessing corresponding symptoms of PPPD were included, such as Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Two independent reviewers conducted extraction of relevant information and evaluation of risk of bias. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool version 1.0 was used to evaluate risks and assess the quality of the included studies, and Cochrane Review Manager 5.3 software (RevMan 5.3) was used to perform meta-analyses. Results The results of six RCTs indicated that combining additional CBT with conventional therapy significantly improved outcomes for PPPD patients compared with conventional therapy alone, especially in DHI-Total scores (Mean Difference [MD = −8.17], 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI: −10.26, −6.09], p< 0.00001), HAMA scores (MD = −2.76, 95% CI: [−3.57, −1.94], p< 0.00001), GAD-7 scores (MD = −2.50, 95% CI [−3.29, −1.70], p< 0.00001), and PHQ-9 scores (MD = −2.29, 95% CI [−3.04, −1.55], p< 0.00001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant benefit of additional CBT compared with conventional therapies alone, including Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT) (MD = −8.70, 95% CI: [−12.17, −5.22], p< 0.00001), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) (with controlled SSRI: MD = −10.70, 95% CI: [−14.97, −6.43], p< 0.00001), and VRT combined with SSRI (MD = −6.08, 95% CI [−9.49, −2.67], p= 0.0005) in DHI-Total scores. Conclusion Additional CBT combined with conventional therapy may provide additional improvement for patients with PPPD compared with conventional therapy alone. However, more RCTs are needed to support and guide the application of CBT in treating PPPD. Level of evidence: I; Systematic review of RCTs. (CBT PosturalPerceptual Postural Perceptual (PPPD alone PubMed Embase Science Library ClinicalTrialsgov ClinicalTrials gov (RCTs 200 2022 DHI, DHI , (DHI) HAMA, (HAMA) HAMD, HAMD (HAMD) HADS, HADS (HADS) Questionnaire9 Questionnaire 9 Questionnaire- PHQ9. PHQ9 PHQ . (PHQ-9) 10 1 0 1. studies 53 5 3 5. RevMan metaanalyses. metaanalyses meta analyses. analyses meta-analyses DHITotal Total Mean −8.17, 817 −8.17 8 17 −8.17] 95 [95 1026 26 −10.26 −6.09, 609 −6.09 6 09 −6.09] p 0.00001, 000001 0.00001 00001 0.00001) 276 2 76 −2.76 −3.57, 357 57 [−3.57 −1.94, 194 −1.94 94 −1.94] GAD7 GAD 7 GAD- 250 50 −2.50 −3.29, 329 29 [−3.29 −1.70, 170 −1.70 70 −1.70] PHQ- 229 −2.29 −3.04, 304 04 [−3.04 −1.55, 155 −1.55 55 −1.55] 0.00001. (VRT 870 −8.70 −12.17, 1217 12 [−12.17 −5.22, 522 −5.22 22 −5.22] (SSRI 1070 −10.70 −14.97, 1497 14 97 [−14.97 −6.43, 643 −6.43 43 −6.43] 608 08 −6.08 −9.49, 949 49 [−9.49 −2.67, 267 −2.67 67 −2.67] 0.0005 00005 0005 However evidence I 20 202 (DHI (HAMA (HAMD (HADS (PHQ-9 81 −8.1 [9 102 −10.2 60 −6.0 00000 0.0000 0000 27 −2.7 −3.57 35 [−3.5 19 −1.9 25 −2.5 −3.29 32 [−3.2 −1.7 −2.2 −3.04 30 [−3.0 15 −1.5 87 −8.7 −12.17 121 [−12.1 52 −5.2 107 −10.7 −14.97 149 [−14.9 64 −6.4 4 −9.49 [−9.4 −2.6 0.000 000 (PHQ- −8. [ −10. −6. −2. −3.5 [−3. −1. −3.2 −3.0 −12.1 [−12. −5. −14.9 [−14. −9.4 [−9. 0.00 00 (PHQ −8 −10 −6 −2 −3. [−3 −1 −12. [−12 −5 −14. [−14 −9. [−9 0.0 − −3 [− −12 [−1 −14 −9 0.

A series of novel 2-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-chromen-3-yl-sulfonate derivatives (4a-4n) were synthesized and investigated for their in vitro free radical scavenging potential as well as cytotoxic efficacies against selected cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the 4H-chromene derivatives (4a-4n) was evaluated according to three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, HeLa) by utilizing a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Accordingly, part of the results exhibited better cytotoxic activities than that of the positive controls (4H-chromen-4-one and apigenin). Among them, compounds 4c-4g exhibited better training to the positive control against the three human cancer cell lines (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 3.87 ± 0.12 to 21.38 ± 0.52 μM). Moreover, the extract of the 4H-chromene derivatives (4a-4n) showed better activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) in antioxidant assays compared to that of the positive control ascorbic acid (IC50 = 12.72 ± 0.27, 5.09 ± 0.21 μg mL−1). Thus, it can be confirmed from the bioassay results that the overall structural design, as well as proper substitution, is crucial in delivering anticipated biological effects. In this regard, spectroscopic techniques such as 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were also carried out to confirm the final structures.