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Effects of Process Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of In-situ synthesized WC-reinforced Ni-based Cladding Layer Insitu In situ WCreinforced WC reinforced Nibased Ni based
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Zhang, Cong-xiao

; Sun, Wan-chang

; Liu, Er-yong

; Liu, Yu-wan

; Liu, Jing-pei

; Zhang, Bo

; Zhou, Meng-ran

; Xu, Yi-fan

Materials Research

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2024, Volume 27 elocation e20230573

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A novel tungsten carbide (WC)-reinforced nickel (Ni)-based laser cladding layer was prepared through an in-situ synthesis process. The mechanism of the effect of scanning rates and laser power on the microstructures, wear and corrosion resistance of in-situ synthesized WC-reinforced Ni-based cladding layer were analyzed. The results revealed that the optimal in-situ synthesized WC laser cladding process entailed a scan rate of 3 mm/s and a laser power of 3000 W. The generation of WC phase has a significant strengthening effect on the cladding layer, which exhibits outstanding hardness (1261HV0.2). There is no clear linear relationship between scanning rate and abrasion resistance, and the coating abrasion resistance increased with increasing laser power. Furthermore, increasing the laser power improves the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer, while the scanning speed has a minimal effect on corrosion resistance. WCreinforced reinforced Nibased Ni based insitu in situ microstructures analyzed mms mm s 300 W 1261HV0.2. 1261HV02 HV 1261HV0.2 . 1261HV0 2 (1261HV0.2) Furthermore 30 1261HV0. 1261HV (1261HV0.2 (1261HV0. (1261HV0 (1261HV

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2023-0573

Soil surface-atmosphere interaction in a monitored embankment constructed with two compacted lime-treated soils surfaceatmosphere surface atmosphere limetreated lime treated
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Bicalho, Katia Vanessa

; Poleto, Thiago Luiz

; Cui, Yu-Jun

; Boussafir, Yasmina

Soils and Rocks

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2023, Volume 46 N. 4 elocation e2023003523

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study was carried out in an instrumented and monitored embankment divided into two symetrical sections and constructed with compacted treated soils (i.e., a silty soil and a clayey soil) exposed to the same atmospheric conditions in a continental climate, with oceanic influences. It aimed to investigate changes of bare soil surface moisture (w) and corresponding suction (s) as result of soil water evaporation processes on a monthly time scale. Seasonal variations in the w (and s) measurement in both soil surfaces show overall consistency with the meteorological measurement within the study area. The paper also examines the ability of four air temperature-based potential evaporation (PET) formulations to capture the process of evaporation at the site. Results indicated that soil water evaporation is controlled by both atmospheric and soil conditions. And, during the most significant drying time period, the measured s consistently increased and the corresponding w decreased suggesting a relatively significant water evaporation effect. However, the monthly predicted PET data varied from a maximum of over 120 mm/month to less than 50 mm/month during the drying time, depending on the used method. The continuously monitored soil surface suctions are used for discussing the variations of evaporation according to the predicted PET method and time period at the site. i.e., ie i e (i.e. climate influences (w (s scale area temperaturebased temperature based (PET site And effect However 12 mmmonth mm month 5 i.e. (i.e 1 i.e

https://doi.org/10.28927/sr.2023.003523

The effect of olsalazine of chinese generic drugs on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt in BALB/c mice BALBc BALB c
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Yu, Zheng-Yong

; Xu, Yu-Sheng

; Tang, Miao

; Xin, Wen-Feng

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2023, Volume 38 elocation e382923

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore effect and mechanism of olsalazine of Chinese generic drugs on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in BALB/c mice. Methods: The mouse model of ulcerative colitis was induced by free drinking of 3% (w/v) DSS aqueous solution for seven days. The mice were treated with olsalazine (0.6 g·kg-1) of Chinese generic drugs. The therapeutic effect of olsalazine on ulcerative colitis mice was evaluated by measuring disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal injury index (CMDI), histopathological score (HS), and detected the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β in serum and IL-7, IL-17, IL-22, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in colonic homogenate of mice. Results: Olsalazine significantly increased the contents of IL-2, IL-10, IL-22, TGF and EGF in ulcerative colitis rats, and significantly decreased the scores of DAI, CMDI, HS and the contents in IL-7, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ when compared with the model group. It improved the degree of colonic lesion in ulcerative colitis mice. Conclusions: It was suggested that olsalazine has a therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis induced by DSS in mice, and the mechanism may be related to the increase of IL-2, IL-10, IL-22, TGF, and EGF and the decrease of the expression of IL-7, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. Purpose (DSS BALBc BALB c Methods 3 w/v wv w v (w/v days 0.6 06 0 6 (0. g·kg1 gkg1 gkg g·kg 1 g kg g·kg-1 DAI , (DAI) CMDI (CMDI) HS, (HS) IL2, IL2 IL 2, 2 (IL)-2 IL10, IL10 10, 10 IL-10 factorα α TNFα, TNFα TNF (TNF-α) interferonγ interferon γ IFNγ, IFNγ IFN (IFN-γ) IL1β ILβ 1β β IL7, IL7 7, 7 IL-7 IL17, IL17 17, 17 IL-17 IL22, IL22 22, 22 IL-22 EGF, (EGF) TGFβ1 TGFβ (TGF-β1 Results IL-2 rats α, TNF-α group Conclusions IL1β, 1β, IFNγ. γ. 0. (0 kg1 g·kg- (DAI (CMDI (HS (IL)- IL1 IL-1 (TNF-α (IFN-γ IL- (EGF (TGF-β ( (IL) (IL

https://doi.org/10.1590/acb382923

Effect of Heat Stress on Expression of Main Reproductive Hormone in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis of Wenchang Chicks
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Lu, BB

; Liang, W

; Liang, C

; Yu, ZQ

; Xie, XZ

; Chen, Z

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2021, Volume 23 N. 1 elocation eRBCA-2019-1056

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is a key neuroen-docrine regulation system involved in the growth and reproduction of poultry. High-temperature conditions lead to the physiological dysfunction of target organs of the HPG axis of poultry, ultimately affecting the animals’ growth and development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of heat stress (HS) on the development of cells secreting major reproductive hormones of the HPG axis (i.e., hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, and testis) of Wenchang chicks. Seventy-two one-day-old healthy Wenchang chicks were randomly divided into control (CK) and HS groups. The HS group was placed in a 40 ± 0.5°C artificial climate chamber for heat-stress treatment from 13:00 to 15:00 daily for six consecutive weeks. As development progressed, compared with the CK group, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in the hypothalamus and testosterone (T) levers in the testes of male chicks in the HS group were significantly decreased at three weeks of age (p<0.05). However, GnRH levels in the hypothalamus and estradiol (E2) levels in the ovaries of female chicks in the HS group were variable and significantly lower than those of the CK group at four and five weeks of age (p<0.05). In addition, the LH and FSH levels in the pituitary gland were significantly lower than those in the CK group at two and four weeks of age and at four and six weeks of age, respectively (p<0.05). In brief, HS caused dysfunction of the corresponding target organs of the HPG axis in Wenchang chicks, and this affected the normal growth and development of the cells’ HPG axis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1056 123 downloads

Evaluation of the Effect of Bacillus Subtilis and Pediococcus Acidilactici Mix on Serum Biochemistry, Growth Promotation of Body and Visceral Organs in Lohmann Brown Chicks
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Yu, W

; Hao, X

; Zhiyue, W

; Haiming, Y

; Lei, X

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2020, Volume 22 N. 3 elocation eRBCA-2020-1274

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Recently the use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGPs) in poultry feed is banned in China, leading to the increasing demand for AGPs substitutes. Probiotics have been considered as a potential substitute. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic on serum biochemistry, and growth promotion of body weight and visceral organs and in Lohmann Brown chicks aged 0 to 9 weeks. Five hundred and forty 1-day-old male chicks were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates and 30 chicks in each replicate. The experiment was carried out over 70 days. Dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet alone (control group); (2) basal diet containing 0.1% probiotics (probiotic group); and (3) basal diet containing 0.01% zinc bacitracin in the feed (antibiotic group). The body weight (BW) of probiotic group was significantly higher than that of the control group during the whole trial period (p<0.05). ADG (0~70 d) in the probiotic group and the antibiotic group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). The Oliver weight and serum total protein (TP) in the probiotic group was higher than that in the control group on the 63rd day (p<0.05). The length of the duodenum, the weight of the spleen, duodenum and Jejunum in both the probiotic and antibiotic groups were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The ileum weight in the probiotic group was significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The ileum length in the probiotic group was significantly longer than that in both the antibiotic and control groups (p<0.05). Probiotic mix with Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus acidilactici play a similar role in promoting growth of body and visceral organs, and it is a promising growth promoter for Lohmann Brown chicks (0 to 9 weeks).

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1274 513 downloads

Effects of Heat Stress on the Development of GABAergic Neurons in the HPG Axis of Wenchang Chicks
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Liang, W

; Lu, BB

; Liang, C

; Yu, ZQ

; Xie, XZ

; Chen, Z

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2019, Volume 21 N. 2 elocation eRBCA-2018-0954

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study conducted an in-depth investigation on the development of GABAergic neurons and their receptors in HPG axis-related target organs of Wenchang chicks under heat stress. One-day-old healthy Wenchang chicks were randomly divided into control (CK) and heat stress (HS) groups. Chicks in the HS group were placed in a 40±0.5°C climatic chamber for HS treatment from 13:00 to 15:00 daily. By immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, GABA and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) expression in the hypothalamus of the HS group was significantly higher (p<0.05), but GABAB receptor (GABABR) expression was significantly lower than that of the CK group (p<0.05). Expression of GABA and its two receptors in the pituitary tissues of the HS group was significantly lower than in the CK group (p<0.05). Expression of GABA and GABABR in ovaries in the HS group was significantly higher, but expression of GABAAR in the testes of the HS group was lower than that of the CK group (p<0.05). In the male chicks, expression of GABA and its two receptors in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testicular tissues of the HS group was significantly higher than that of the CK group (p<0.05). Western blotting showed that the GABAAR and GABABR expression of the HS group was significantly higher than that of the CK group at 3 and 5 weeks of age. Thus, HS caused GABAergic nervous system disorder in the HPG axis of Wenchang chicks and seriously hindered the normal development of GABAergic neurons in chicks, leading to the disorder of the expression of GABA and its receptors in tissues.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0954 659 downloads

Medida de la velocidad de los neutrinos del flujo CNGS con el detector de gran volumen*
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Agafonova¹, N. YU.

; Aglietta², M.

; Antonioli³, P

; Ashikhmin¹, V. V.

; BarI³, G.

; Bertoni², R.

; Bressan4,5, E.

; Bruno6, G.

; Dadykin¹, V. L.

; Fulgione, W

; Galeotti, P.

; Garbini, M

; Ghia, P. L.

; Giusti, P

; Kemp, E

; Malgin, A. S.

; Miguez, B.

; Molinario, A.

; Persiani, R

; Pless, I. A.

; Ryasny, V. G.

; Ryazhskaya, O. G.

; Saavedra, O

; Sartorelli, G.

; Shakyrianova, I. R.

; Selvi, M

; Trinchero, G. C.

; Vigorito7,21, C.

; Yakushev¹, V. F.

; Zichichi, A.

; Razeto, A

Revista Boliviana de Física

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nov 2016, Volume 28 N. 28 Pages 16 - 21

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se reporta la medida del tiempo de vuelo de <img width=15 height=12 src="../img/a04_figura01.gif">de ~ 17 GeV en la lınea base del CNGS (732 km) con el Detector de Gran Volumen (LVD) (por su sigla en inges). El acelerador CERN-SPS ha sido maniobrado desde el 10 de mayo de 2012, con una estructura de haz fuertemente agrupado para permitir que la velocidad de los neutrinos sea medida cuidadosamente evento por evento. LVD ha detectado 48 eventos de neutrinos, asociados al haz, con una alta y absoluta precision de tiempo. Estos eventos permiten establecer el siguiente límite en la diferencia de velocidad entre los neutrinos y la luz: <img width=226 height=16 src="../img/a04_figura37.gif">(al 99% C.L.). Esta velocidad es un orden de magnitud menor que la medida directa previa.

Abstract We report the measurement of the time-of-flight of ~ 17 GeV <img width=15 height=12 src="../img/a04_figura01.gif">on the CNGS baseline (732 km) with the Large Volume Detector (LVD) at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. The CERN-SPS accelerator has been operated from May 10th to May 24th 2012, with a tightly bunched-beam structure to allow the velocity of neutrinos to be accurately measured on an event-by-event basis. LVD has detected 48 neutrino events, associated to the beam, with a high absolute time accuracy. These events allow to establish the following limit on the difference between the neutrino speed and the light velocity: <img width=226 height=16 src="../img/a04_figura37.gif">(at 99% C.L.). This value is an order of magnitude lower than previous direct measurements.

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Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Flavonoids of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii Stems by Response Surface Methodology and Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity
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Xue-gui, Liu

; Fu-yu, Jiang

; Gao, Pin-yi

; Jin, Mei

; Yang, Di

; Nian, Zhong-feng

; Zhang, Zhen-xue

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society

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mar 2015, Volume 59 N. 1 Pages 59 - 66

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The microwave-assisted extraction conditions of flavonoids in Physalis alkekengi. var. franchetii stems were optimized using a L3³ Box-Behnken Design. The optimized extraction conditions were determined as follows: 60% for the ethanol concentration, 12.4 for the liquid-to-solid ratio, and 531.4 W for the microwave power, respectively. The yield of the extract obtained under the optimized conditions was 3.85 mg g-1 which was close to the predicted value. In addition, the extract exhibited potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with the IC50 value of 11.61 μg mL-1 and a maximal inhibition ratio 89.81%. Both the yield and activity were better than reflux extraction.

En esta investigación se optimizaron las condiciones de extracción de flavonoides a partir de Physalis alkekengi var. Franchetii, asistida por microondas, usando un diseño L3³ Box-Behenke. Las condiciones determinadas fueron etanol 60%, la relación líquido:sólido fue de 12.4 y se usaron 531.4 W para el microondas. El rendimiento obtenido fue de 3.85 mg g-1, el cual es cercano al valor predicho. El extracto obtenido inhibe de forma importante la actividad de la acetilcoliestearasa, con una IC50 de 11.61 µg mL-1 y una inhibición máxima de 89.91%. Estos resultados son mejores que los obtenidos con el compuesto obtenido mediante extracción por reflujo.

1704 downloads

Effects of organic-matter application on phosphorus adsorption of three soil parent materials
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Yu, W

; Ding, X

; Xue, S

; Li, S

; Liao, X

; Wang, R

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition

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dec 2013, Volume 13 N. 4 Pages 1003 - 1017

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this study, poultry manure compost and organic fertilizer were added to soils derived from basalt, granite, and river alluvial deposits for use as soil parent materials. Following incubation periods of 30 or 60 days at 25 °C, the physical and chemical properties and adsorption characteristics of the soils were studied. The results indicated that the application of poultry manure compost or organic fertilizer increased the available phosphorus (P) and organic matter content in all soils; however, the quantity of P and organic matter decreased with an increase in incubation time. The organic materials added via the treatments reduced the strength of P adsorption by the soil derived from basalt. For soils derived from granite and river alluvial deposits, the strength of P adsorption declined after poultry manure compost was added, but increased after the application of organic fertilizer. All soil treatments derived from basalt fitted well with the three adsorption isotherm equations. For soils derived from granite and alluvial deposit as parent materials, the data conformed to the three adsorption models in the order: Langmuir > Freundlich > Temkin. The maximum phosphate buffering capacity (MPBC) and standard P retention (SPR) of soil derived from basalt decreased following the application of poultry manure or organic fertilizer, whereas changes in MPBC and SPR for soils derived from granite and alluvial deposits were dependent on the organic content and incubation time.

8747 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

10.

The changes of muscle FGF-6 expression at different time points after exercise-induced muscle damage
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Yu, X

; Zuo, Q

; Chao, W

; Jiang, R

West Indian Medical Journal

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dec 2013, Volume 62 N. 9 Pages 793 - 798

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-6 expression in the regeneration and repair process after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and the relationship with skeletal muscle regeneration and repair. METHODS: The expression of FGF-6 at different time points was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry staining after a downhill treadmill exercise. Skeletal muscle injury and regeneration at different times after EIMD was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. RESULTS: The FGF-6 protein expression was initially elevated, followed by a gradual reduction, while the changes of FGF-6 mRNA were almost all raised after the treadmill exercise. CONCLUSION: The results point out that FGF-6 is closely related to skeletal muscle regeneration and repair, probably implying a dual function in muscle regeneration.

OBJETIVO: Investigar los cambios de expresión del factor de crecimiento fibroblástico (FGF)-6 en el proceso de regeneración y reparación después de daño muscular inducido por el ejercicio (DMIE) y la relación con la reparación y regeneración del músculo esquelético. MÉTODOS: La expresión de FGF-6 en diferentes tiempos fue examinada mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) y tinción inmunohistoquímica, después de un ejercicio de carrera descendente en cinta rodante. La lesión del músculo esquelético y la regeneración en diferentes momentos después del DMIE, fueron evaluadas mediante hematoxilina y eosina (H & E). RESULTADOS: La expresión de la proteína FGF-6 fue elevada al principio, seguida por una reducción gradual, mientras que los cambios de FGF-6 mRNA fueron casi todos incrementados tras los ejercicios en la cinta rodante. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados señalan que FGF-6 se relaciona estrechamente con la regeneración del músculo esquelético, lo que probablemente implica una función dual en la regeneración muscular.

11.

Atualização e enfoque em operações vasculares arteriais da II Diretriz de Avaliação Perioperatória da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia
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Marques, AC

; Bellen, BV

; Caramelli, B

; Presti, C

; Pinho, C

; Calderaro, D

; Gualandro, DM

; Carvalho, FC

; Carmo, GAL

; Correa Filho, H

; Casella, IB

; Fornari, LS

; Vacanti, LJ

; Vieira, MLC

; Monachini, MC

; De Luccia, N

; Yu, PC

; Farsky, PS

; Heinisch, RH

; Gualandro, SFM

; Mathias Jr, W

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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oct 2013, Volume 101 N. 4 Pages 02 - 32

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.2013S011 10315 downloads

12.

The impact of stuttering on quality of life of children and adolescents
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Chun, Regina Yu Shon

; Mendes, Carina Dantas

; Yaruss, J Scott

; Quesal, Robert W

Pró-Fono Revista de Atualização Científica

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dec 2010, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 567 - 570

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

TEMA: compreender a experiência das pessoas que gaguejam, dentro e fora do contexto de tratamento, conduz a melhores resultados. OBJETIVO: investigar como a gagueira afeta a qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes que gaguejam. MÉTODO: o Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering - School-Age (OASES-S) foi utilizado para avaliar o impacto da gagueira e o Protocolo do Perfil da Fluência para severidade da gagueira. RESULTADOS: os grupos estudados experienciam impacto negativo moderado conforme medido pelo OASES-S. Os resultados evidenciam tendência à correlação positiva entre grau de severidade e impacto da gagueira na qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: uma melhor compreensão do impacto da gagueira nas faixas etárias estudadas propicia direção necessária para desenvolvimento de tratamentos da gagueira e pesquisa dos resultados do tratamento.

BACKGROUND: understanding the experience of people who stutter, both in and out treatment, will lead to improved outcomes. AIM: to investigate how stuttering affects the quality of life of children and adolescents who stutter. METHOD: the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering - School-Age (OASES-S) was used to assess the impact of stuttering and the Fluency Profile Protocol was used to stuttering severity. RESULTS: these age groups do experience moderate negative impact as measured by the OASES-S. The results showed a tendency toward a positive correlation between severity and the impact of stuttering on quality of life. CONCLUSION: a better understanding of the impact of stuttering in these age groups provides a needed guide for the development of stuttering treatments and treatment outcomes research.

7475 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

13.

Isolation and identification of Profenofos degrading bacteria
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Malghani, Saadatullah

; Chatterjee, Nivedita

; Yu, Hu Xue

; Luo, Zejiao

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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dec 2009, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 893 - 900

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains responsible for the biodegradation of profenofos in a soil from Hubei province of central China. Two pure bacterial cultures, named W and Y, were isolated and subsequently characterized by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and biochemical tests. Isolate W showed 96% similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of a Pseudomonas putida unlike Y which showed 99% similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of Burkholderia gladioli. Both strains grew well at pH 5.5-7.2 with a broad temperature proﬁle ranging from 28º to 36 ºC. Bioremediation of profenofos-contaminated soil was examined using soil treated with 200 ug g-1; profenofos resulted in a higher degradation rate than control soils without inoculation. In a mineral salt medium (FTW) reduction in profenofos concentration was 90% within 96 hours of incubation. A literature survey revealed that no data is available regarding the role of Burkholderia gladioli on pesticide biodegradation as well as on profenofos.

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14.

Comparison of gauge-corrected versus non-gauge corrected satellite-based quantitative precipitation estimates during the 2004 NAME enhanced observing period
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GOCHIS, D. J

; NESBITT, S. W

; YU, W

; WILLIAMS, S. F

Atmósfera

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jan 2009, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 69 - 98

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Satellite-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) offer the potential for global, near real-time monitoring of precipitation. Provided their accuracy, in terms of frequency and intensity structures, can be verified, such products would prove to be highly valuable for constraining uncertainty in land data assimilation, hydrological simulation and short-term prediction applications. Two gauge-corrected and three uncorrected satellite-based QPE products are assessed over México against a new composite gauge dataset developed from data collected during the 2004 North American Monsoon season. Analysis of daily averaged rain rates, rain-rate conditional biases, and frequency maps each show a tendency for uncorrected satellite QPE products to overestimate the frequency of moderate to heavy precipitation events (>25 mm/d) with respect to gauge-only analyses. While all products reasonably captured the large-scale distribution of rainfall, some uncorrected products, particularly those emphasizing infra-red based retrieval of rain rates, possessed comparatively low pattern correlation scores with the gauge composite. Although gauge-corrected products tended to somewhat underestimate rainfall at heavy event thresholds, significant value, in terms of overall bias correction, appears to be added to gauge-corrected QPE products versus uncorrected products. This added value, however, highlights ongoing challenges with regards to collecting and integrating surface gauge data in an operational QPE framework.

Las estimaciones cuantitativas de precipitación basadas en satélite (QPE - por sus siglas in inglés), ofrecen la posibilidad de monitorear la precipitación global casi en tiempo real. Asumiendo que su exactitud (en términos de su frecuencia e intensidad) puede ser comprobada; tales productos resultarían muy valiosos para reducir la incertidumbre en la asimilación de datos en superficie, así como en las aplicaciones en simulaciones hidrológicas y de predicción a corto plazo. Durante el experimento del Monzón Norteamericano llevado a cabo sobre partes de México en 2004, se colectaron datos de lluvia para integrar una base de datos y que sirvieron para evaluar cinco productos QPE, 2 calibrados con pluviómetros y 3 más sin calibrar. El análisis de la estimación de lluvia diaria promedio y de su desviación condicional, así como los mapas de frecuencia, muestran que los productos QPE no calibrados tienden a sobreestimar la frecuencia, de los eventos de magnitud moderada a intensa (>25 mm/d), comparado con las mediciones basadas únicamente con pluviómetros. Todos los productos capturaron razonablemente la distribución de la precipitación a larga escala, pero algunos de los productos que no fueron corregidos, particularmente los que se enfocaban en las razones de lluvia basada en mediciones por infrarrojo, mostraron valores de patrones de correlación comparativamente bajos con los obtenidos de pluviómetros. Aunque los productos calibrados normalmente tienden a subestimar la precipitación incluso a valores umbrales altos, se determinó un valor significativo de corrección de sesgo que se sumó a los productos QPE calibrados con pluviómetros, a diferencia de los no calibrados. Sin embargo, este valor resalta los retos a futuro en relación a colectar e integrar datos de pluviómetros en superficie en conjunto con los productos QPE en operación.

1943 downloads

15.

A direct measurement of the neutron-neutron scattering length
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Mitchell, G. E.

; Furman, W. I.

; Lychagin, E. V.

; Muzichka, A. Yu.

; Nekhaev, G. V.

; Strelkov, A. V.

; Sharapov, E. I.

; Shvetsov, V. N.

; Levakov, B. G.

; Litvin, V. I.

; Lyzhin, A. E.

; Magda, E. P.

; Crawford, B. E.

; Stephenson, S. L.

; Howell, C. R.

; Tornow, W

Brazilian Journal of Physics

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sep 2005, Volume 35 N. 3b Pages 850 - 853

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A direct measurement of nn-scattering by colliding free neutrons has never been performed. Indirect measurements continue to provide inconsistent results, leaving the issue of charge symmetry in the nuclear force unresolved. At present the Russian pulsed reactor YAGUAR is the best neutron source for such a measurement. A neutron moderator is installed in the central through channel and the scattered neutrons are detected at a distance of 12 m from the reactor. An instantaneous value of 1.1 × 10(18)/cm²s was obtained for the thermal neutron flux density. The experiment will be performed by the DIANNA Collaboration as ISTC project No. 2286.

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