ABSTRACT To explore the important long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and its target genes in Tibetan chicken ovarian tissue, whole transcriptome sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze and predict lncRNA, differential expression of mRNA, and lncRNA between the two different breeds using DESeq2 software. The study predicted the Antisense and Cis regulatory target genes of differentially expressed lncRNA and performed functional annotation of GO, and analysis of the KEGG signaling pathway in these target genes. Quantitative fluorescence PCR was conducted in real time to validate the expression of important target genes. The results showed the discovery of 532 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 340 of which upregulated and 292 downregulated, as well as 2314 differentially expressed mRNAs, with 983 being upregulated and 1331 downregulated. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were found to regulate 48 differentially expressed mRNAs in the sense direction, and 14 in the antisense direction. Enrichment analysis on the intersection of target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs showed enrichment mainly in KEGG signaling pathways such as TGF-β signaling pathway (ko04350), organic selenium compound metabolism (ko00450), and oocyte meiosis (ko04114). The quantitative fluorescence PCR validation of important target genes such as CYP17A1, PTPN5, ACSL3, Nf2, CYP11A1 showed consistent results with RNA-seq results. This indicates the presence of lncRNA and mRNA with different expression levels and specific expression in the ovarian tissues of Tibetan and Roman chickens, and that genes such as CYP17A1, PTPN5, ACSL3, Nf2, and CYP11A1 may be key factors regulating the laying performance of Tibetan chickens. (lncRNA tissue DESeq software GO 53 34 29 downregulated 231 98 133 4 direction 1 TGFβ TGF β ko04350, ko04350 ko , (ko04350) ko00450, ko00450 (ko00450) ko04114. ko04114 . (ko04114) CYP17A1 CYPA CYP A PTPN5 PTPN ACSL3 ACSL Nf2 Nf CYP11A RNAseq seq chickens 5 3 2 23 9 13 ko0435 (ko04350 ko0045 (ko00450 ko0411 (ko04114 CYP17A ko043 (ko0435 ko004 (ko0045 ko041 (ko0411 ko04 (ko043 ko00 (ko004 (ko041 ko0 (ko04 (ko00 (ko0 (ko

ABSTRACT Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in all metazoans. HSPGs interact with growth factors and receptors through heparan sulfate (HS) chains. The sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate chains influences signaling events mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans located on the cell surface. SULF1 and SULF2 are two endo-sulfatases that can cleave specific 6-O-sulfate groups within the heparan chains. To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. The SULF1 and SULF2 transcripts were widely distributed in various tissues. Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. Therefore, our findings increase our knowledge of sulfatase expression diversity and provide a solid basis for further research concerning this molecular mechanism.

ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) plays critical roles in regulating various stages of ovarian follicle development in mammals. However, the mechanisms of regulation of BMP6 in the chicken ovary remain unclear. In this study, mRNA and protein expression level of BMP6 in chicken ovarian follicles at different development stages were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot separately. Different concentrations of BMP6 protein and FSH were added to the culture medium, and the effects to proliferation of granulose cells were detected, further effect on expression pattern of progesterone synthesis associated genes were also analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting and the secretion of progesterone was detected by ELISA. The results showed that mRNA and protein expression level of BMP6 increased significantly in the follicle with the development of follicle (p<0.05) and reached a peak at F1 follicle. Adding concentration of 50ng/ml and 100ng/ml of BMP6 protein promoted significantly the proliferation of granulosa cells (p<0.05), as well as up-regulated the expression of Steroid hormone synthesis acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) genes in mRNA and protein level. Meanwhile, the secretion of progesterone was significantly higher in the group that added BMP6 and FSH separately than blank control group (p<0.05) and reached a peak in the group that both added BMP6 and FSH. Collectively, these findings highlight that BMP6 is associated with proliferation of follicular cells and the synthesis of progesterone, which indicated that it took an important role in the follicular development of chicken.

ABSTRACT BMP6, a member of the subfamilies of the morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), plays a crucial role in osteogenic and chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and stimulates chondrogenesis, making chondrocytes differen-tiate on their terminal stage. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between polymorphism of BMP6 gene and slaughter traits in chicken respectively. We screened the exonic and intronic regions of BMP6 gene by DNA pool construction and amplified DNA fragment by PCR, and finally, we got nine SNPs. Association analysis revealed that BMP6 had no significant association among all slaughter traits in Yellow bantam chicken. However, BMP6 had a significant difference with femur weight, tibia weight, femur length (p<0.05), and was extremely significant with tibia length (p<0.01) in Avian chicken. Moreover, femur perimeter also had significant correlation with BMP6 in Avian chicken. These results provide useful information for further investigation on the function of chicken BMP6 gene.

Abstract To investigate the mass transfer behavior of a liquid-liquid system with high density difference (∆ρ≈500 kg/m3), single drop experiments were performed by using the ternary chloroform-ethanol-water system. The mass transfer direction was from the dispersed phase to the continuous phase, while the aqueous phase was dispersed in chloroform to generate drops. The influences of drop diameter, initial solute concentration and temperature on the mass transfer were investigated. The effects of the drop diameter and initial solute concentration on interfacial instability of droplets hanging in the continuous phase were also observed. For the purpose of correlation, a mass transfer enhancement factor F was introduced and then correlated as a function of dimensionless variables. The modified correlation from the mass transfer coefficient model was found to fit well with the experimental values.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed at examining the effect of overfeeding on the activity of the mTOR pathway in the liver and muscle tissues of Gang geese. Eighty healthy male Gang geese were reared under the same feeding conditions, and were divided at 14 weeks of age into a control group and an overfed group. All birds were slaughtered after three weeks of over feeding. Gene expression and protein content of several genes involved in the mTOR pathway were evaluated. The results showed that the gene expression of mTOR, raptor, and rictor, and the protein contents of mTOR and PI3K were higher in liver, breast muscle, and leg muscle of the overfed group than that of control group. However, the S6K expression level was clearly lower in the liver of the overfed group than that of control group, and there was no evident difference in both breast muscle and leg muscle between the control group and the overfed group. These results suggest that overfeeding induces the activity of raptor, rictor, and mTOR, and that mTOR signaling pathway was closely linked with PI3K pathway in the evaluated geese.

Objectives: To explore the effects of computer radiation on weight and oxidant-antioxidant status of rats, and further to confirm that whether vitamin C has protective effects on computer radiation. Methods: Sixty Male adult ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. each group give different treatment as follows: group A was control, group B given vitamin C intake, group C given 8 h/day computer radiation exposure, group D given vitamin C intake and 8 h/day computer radiation group E given 16 h/day computer radiation exposure, group F given vitamin C intake plus exposure to 16 h/day computer radiation. After seven weeks, mice was executed to collect the blood samples, for detecting total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and alkaline phosphates (ALP)content in serum or liver tissue were determined by ELIASA. Results: No difference was found for the change of weight among six groups at different week. In the group C, D and F, the liver tissue T-AOC level were higher than the group A. In the group B, C and E, the serum ALP level were lower than the group A (P<0.05). Conclusions: The study indicate that computer radiation may have an adverse effect on T-AOC and ALP level of mice, and vitamin C have protective effect against computer radiation.

Objetivos: Explorar los efectos de la radiación de ordenador sobre el peso y el estado oxidativo-antioxidativo de los ratones, y además para confirmar si la vitamina C tiene efectos protectores contra la radiación de ordenador. Métodos: Sesenta ratones machos adultos ICR fueron aleatoriamente divididos en seis grupos. Cada grupo recibió un tratamiento diferente del modo siguiente: el grupo A fue el grupo de control, el grupo B recibió vitamina C, el grupo C fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo D recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo E fue sometido a una radiación de ordenador de 16 h/día, el grupo F recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 16 h/día. Al cabo de siete semanas, los ratones fueron ejecutados para extraer las muestras de sangre, para detectar la capacidad antioxidante total (T-AOC) y el contenido de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) en suero o en tejido hepático fue determinado mediante ELISA. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a cambio de peso entre los seis grupos diferentes. En los grupos C, D y F, el nivel en de T-AOC en tejido hepático fue más alto que en el grupo A. En los grupos B, C y E, el nivel de ALP en suero fue más bajo que en el Grupo A (P < 0,05). Conclusiones: El estudio indican que la radiación de ordenador puede tener un efecto adverso en los niveles de T-AOC y ALP de ratones, y que la vitamina C tendría un efecto protector contra la radiación del ordenador.