RESUMO: O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma fruta rica em nutrientes e com alto teor de ácido glutâmico, tornando-o uma fonte adequada para a produção de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) através da ação de bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL). As BAL desempenham um papel fundamental na fermentação láctica, melhorando o sabor e o valor nutricional dos produtos alimentares, contribuindo frequentemente para os seus benefícios para a saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar BAL produtoras de GABA de tomates e avaliar seu potencial para a produção de suco de tomate fermentado enriquecido com GABA. Os resultados indicam o isolamento de 15 cepas de BAL a partir de amostras de cinco tomates diferentes. Todas essas cepas demonstraram capacidade de produzir GABA, com níveis variando de 1,732 a 3,113 mg/mL, conforme determinado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Através de sequenciamento, a cepa promissora TO42, identificada como Weissella cibaria, foi selecionada para fermentação de suco de tomate. Além disso, o suco de tomate enriquecido com GABA foi fermentado com sucesso a 15 °Brix por 72 h, resultando no maior teor registrado de GABA e ácido láctico de 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL e 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectivamente. RESUMO Solanum L. L glutâmico tornandoo tornando γaminobutírico γ aminobutírico (GABA BAL. . (BAL) láctica alimentares saúde 1 diferentes 1732 732 1,73 3113 3 113 3,11 mgmL mg mL CCD. CCD (CCD) sequenciamento TO42 TO cibaria disso Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectivamente (BAL 173 73 1,7 311 11 3,1 (CCD TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 1, 31 3, 91 9. 03 0.

ABSTRACT: Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are nutrient-rich fruits with a high glutamic acid content, making them a suitable source for producing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the action of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB plays a pivotal role in lactic fermentation, enhancing the taste and nutritional value of food products, often contributing to their health benefits. This study isolated GABA-producing LAB from tomatoes and assessed their potential for producing GABA-enriched fermented tomato juice. The results indicated the isolation of 15 LAB strains from the samples of five different tomatoes. All of these strains demonstrated the capability to produce GABA, with levels ranging from 1.732 to 3.113 mg/mL, as determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Through sequencing, the promising strain TO42, identified as Weissella cibaria, was selected for tomato juice fermentation. Furthermore, GABA-enriched tomato juice was successfully fermented at 15 °Brix for 72 h, resulting in the highest recorded GABA and lactic acid content of 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL and 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectively. ABSTRACT Solanum L. L nutrientrich nutrient rich γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric (GABA LAB. . (LAB) fermentation products benefits GABAproducing GABAenriched enriched 1 1732 732 1.73 3113 3 113 3.11 mgmL mg mL thinlayer thin layer TLC. TLC (TLC) sequencing TO42 TO cibaria Furthermore Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectively (LAB 173 73 1.7 311 11 3.1 (TLC TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 31 3. 91 9. 03 0.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as condições de extração, composição química e atividades antimicrobianas dos óleos essenciais de Citrus nobilis. Os resultados demonstram que a imersão na solução de NaCl a 9% (p/v) por 2 h com uma proporção de amostra e solvente de 1:3 (p/v) e um tempo de extração subsequente de 45 min produziu a maior eficiência de extração, atingindo 3,66 % (p/p). Os principais componentes químicos dos óleos essenciais foram limoneno (90,42%), β-mirceno (4,7%) e α-pineno (1,22%). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) na densidade de 5x104, 5x105 e 5x106 células/mL de Escherichia coli foram 100, 125 e 125 mg/mL, respectivamente, e para Staphylococcus aureus foram 75, 100 e 125 mg/mL, respectivamente, e para Bacillus cereus foram 50, 75 e 100 mg/mL, respectivamente. A concentração bactericida mínima (MBC) em densidades de 5x104, 5x105, 5x106 células/mL de E. coli foram 175, 225, 225 mg/mL, S. aureus foram 150, 200, 225 mg/mL e B. cereus foram 125, 175, 200 mg/mL, respectivamente. As atividades inibitórias de Aspergillus flavus dos óleos essenciais de laranja, de acordo com o método de diluição em ágar nas concentrações 0,025-0,1%, no dia cinco foram 8,84-30,61%. RESUMO nobilis 9 p/v pv p v (p/v 13 1 3 1: 4 366 66 3,6 p/p. pp p/p . (p/p) 90,42%, 9042 90,42% , 90 42 (90,42%) βmirceno β mirceno 4,7% 47 7 (4,7% αpineno α pineno 1,22%. 122 1,22% 22 (1,22%) CIM (CIM 5x104 x 5x10 célulasmL células mL 12 mgmL mg respectivamente 10 50 MBC (MBC E 175 S 150 B 20 laranja 0,0250,1%, 002501 0,025 0,1%, 0 025 0,025-0,1% 8,8430,61%. 8843061 8,84 30,61%. 8 84 30 61 8,84-30,61% 36 6 3, (p/p 904 90,42 (90,42% 4,7 (4,7 1,22 (1,22% 5x1 5 17 15 0250 0,0250,1% 00250 0025 0,02 01 0,1% 02 0,025-0,1 8430 8,8430,61% 884306 884 8,8 3061 30,61% 8,84-30,61 90,4 (90,42 4, (4, 1,2 (1,22 5x 0,0250,1 002 0,0 0,1 0,025-0, 843 8,8430,61 88430 88 8, 306 30,61 8,84-30,6 90, (90,4 (4 1, (1,2 0,0250, 00 0, 0,025-0 8,8430,6 8843 30,6 8,84-30, (90, ( (1, 0,0250 0,025- 8,8430, 30, 8,84-30 (90 (1 8,8430 8,84-3 (9 8,843 8,84-

ABSTRACT: This study determined the extraction conditions, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Citrus nobilis. The results illustrated that soaking in the 9% (w/v) NaCl solution for 2 h with a sample and solvent ratio of 1:3 (w/v) and a subsequent extraction time of 45 min yielded the highest extraction efficiency, reaching 3.66% (w/w). The main chemical components of the essential oils were limonene (90.42%), β-myrcene (4.7%), and α-pinene (1.22%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the density of 5x104, 5x105, and 5x106 cells/mL of Escherichia coli were 100, 125, and 125 mg/mL, respectively; for Staphylococcus aureus were 75, 100, and 125 mg/mL, respectively; and for Bacillus cereus were 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at densities of 5x104, 5x105, 5x106 cells/mL of E. coli were 175, 225, 225 mg/mL, S. aureus were 150, 200, 225 mg/mL, and B. cereus were 125, 175, 200 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of Aspergillus flavus of orange essential oils according to the agar dilution method at concentrations of 0.025-0.1%) on the 5th day were 8.84-30.61%. ABSTRACT conditions composition nobilis 9 w/v wv w v (w/v 13 1 3 1: 4 efficiency 366 66 3.66 w/w. ww w/w . (w/w) 90.42%, 9042 90.42% , 90 42 (90.42%) βmyrcene β myrcene 4.7%, 47 4.7% 7 (4.7%) αpinene α pinene 1.22%. 122 1.22% 22 (1.22%) MIC (MIC 5x104 x 5x105 5x10 cellsmL cells mL 12 mgmL mg mg/mL respectively 75 50 10 MBC (MBC E 175 S 150 B 20 0.0250.1% 002501 0.025 0.1% 0 025 0.025-0.1% th 8.8430.61%. 8843061 8.84 30.61%. 8 84 30 61 8.84-30.61% 36 6 3.6 (w/w 904 90.42 (90.42% 4.7 (4.7% 1.22 (1.22% 5x1 5 17 15 0250 0.0250.1 00250 0025 0.02 01 0.1 02 0.025-0.1 8430 8.8430.61% 884306 884 8.8 3061 30.61% 8.84-30.61 3. 90.4 (90.42 4. (4.7 1.2 (1.22 5x 0.0250. 002 0.0 0. 0.025-0. 843 8.8430.61 88430 88 8. 306 30.61 8.84-30.6 90. (90.4 (4. 1. (1.2 0.0250 00 0.025-0 8.8430.6 8843 30.6 8.84-30. (90. (4 (1. 0.025- 8.8430. 30. 8.84-30 (90 ( (1 8.8430 8.84-3 (9 8.843 8.84-

Abstract Psoriasis is a common chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the skin. PSORS1C3 is a non-protein coding gene, of which the RNA transcript is found in psoriatic patients. CARD14 is mainly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. TLR4 is a transmembrane protein to recognize microbial antigens. Our study aimed to assess the relationship among PSORS1C3, CARD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms, inflammatory expression and psoriasis susceptibility. To the end, 71 patients with psoriasis and 46 healthy individuals with the well-characterized clinical profiles were enrolled. Gene polymorphisms were determined by Sanger DNA sequencing and secretion of cytokines by ELISA. As a result, genetic analysis of PSORS1C3 gene identified nine SNPs and three haplotype blocks. Sequencing of the CARD14 gene determined eight SNPs and one haplotype block. Sequencing of TLR4 gene identified nine SNPs, in which a SNP rs1018673641 was found to exert deleterious effect. The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that seven variants in PSORS1C3 gene and three SNPs in CARD14 gene were in tightly linked. More importantly, a significant association between IL-6 level and rs1018673641 AT genotype in TLR4 gene was detected in psoriatic patients. In conclusion, the PSORS1C3, CARD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms and haplotypes may be correlated with risk of suffering psoriasis and the IL-6-mediated chronic inflammation in psoriasis could be partially regulated by the TLR4 functional variant.

Abstract Anti-aging effect is a stimulating topic that attracting serious consideration from many researchers. Medicinal plants with anti-aging properties thereby have become common research subjects in various fields of science. This study aims to determine phytochemical constituents, specifically the total of phenolic and flavonoid contents and evaluate the anti-aging activity of ethanolic extracts from the stem of Lasia spinosa L. The DPPH and ABTS assays were applied to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S was used as the model organism to evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity, lifespan extension, climbing, and reproduction abilities. The results indicated that Lasia spinosa L. extract presented the phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were 271.65 mg GAE/g and 579.57 mg QE/g, respectively. The EC50 values of antioxidant activity was 23.80 µg/mL in DPPH assay and was 3.56 µg/mL for the assay of ABTS. The result also showed that the lifespan of adult fruit flies fed on extracts from Lasia spinosa L. was increased in oxidative stress conditions induced by H2O2. In lifespan assays, Drosophila melanogaster fed on the ethanolic extract from Lasia spinosa L. stem at 0.5 mg/mL of concentration in combination with standard food showed their mean lifespan increased to 22.9%, 50% survival increased to 22.2%, and the maximum lifespan of last flies increased to 20.7% compared with the control. The research results demonstrated a potential property among its natural compounds of Lasia spinosa L, which is capable of anti-aging through antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Resumo: Nguyen Trai foi um grande filósofo patriótico vietnamita, uma das maiores personalidades de todos os tempos. Ele viveu no século XV; seus pensamentos se tornaram um grande exemplo de ética, cultura, alma e sabedoria vietnamitas. O artigo estudou os pensamentos filosóficos de Nguyen Trai, para ajudar a desenvolver um país próspero e feliz, usando os valores culturais tradicionais da nação. O texto utiliza a metodologia do materialismo dialético como princípio geral e como princípio histórico específico, a fim de avaliar a benevolência e a retidão de Nguyen Trai, em termos de compaixão, justiça e gestão, associadas aos interesses do povo, da comunidade e da sociedade. O artigo também usa métodos analíticos e de síntese, para destacar o conteúdo de benevolência e retidão, na tradição cultural da nação vietnamita hoje. A pandemia de Covid-19 afetou o mundo, em geral, e o Vietnã, em particular. Portanto, a cultura de pensamento de Nguyen Trai é poderosa e eficaz na resposta à pandemia de Covid19, no Vietnã e em outros países, na atualidade. Neste estudo, a benevolência e a justiça de Nguyen Trai definem claramente a responsabilidade do Estado e a obrigação dos cidadãos de promover os valores culturais tradicionais da nação.

Abstract: Nguyen Trai is a man with a great personality in Vietnam. He has morality, culture, pure soul, and profound wisdom of all times. Nguyen Trai lived in the 15th century in a feudal society with many changes. The paper studied Nguyen Trai’s philosophical thoughts to help develop a prosperous and happy country using the nation’s traditional cultural values. The article uses the methodology of dialectical materialism as a general principle and a specific historical principle to evaluate Nguyen Trai’s benevolence and righteousness in terms of compassion, justice, and management, associated with the interests of the people, the community, and society. The article also uses analytical and synthesis methods to highlight the content of benevolence and righteousness in the cultural tradition of the Vietnamese nation today. The Covid-19 pandemic had affected the world in general and Vietnam in particular. So Nguyen Trai’s thought culture is powerfully and effectively prompt in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic in Vietnam and other countries today. In this article, Nguyen Trai’s benevolence and righteousness fairness clearly define the responsibility of the state and the obligation of citizens to promote the traditional cultural values of the nation.

Resumo Introdução O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar valores normais de manometria anorretal de alta resolução e fatores relacionados em adultos vietnamitas saudáveis. Métodos O presente estudo transversal foi conduzido no hospital Viet Duc, Hanói, Vietnã, durante abril e maio de 2019. Voluntários saudáveis foram recrutados para participar do estudo. Valores de medição anorretal, incluindo pressão do trato digestivo, foram registrados. Resultados Um total de 76 voluntários saudáveis foram recrutados. O comprimento funcional médio do canal anal foi de 4,2 ± 0,5 cm, enquanto o comprimento médio da zona anal de alta pressão foi de 3,4 ± 0,5 cm. O índice médio de defecação foi de 1,4 ± 0,8, com valores variando de 0,3 a 5,0. O volume limite médio para eliciar o reflexo inibitório retoanal (RAIR, sigla em inglês) foi de 18,1 mL. Os valores médios da sensação retal foram 32,4mL, 81,6mL e 159 mL para a primeira sensação, o desejo de defecar e a urgência de defecar, respectivamente. Os padrões dissinérgicos ocorreram em aproximadamente 50% dos participantes do estudo e incluíram principalmente os tipos I (27,6%) e III (14,6%). Houve diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres na pressão de compressão anal máxima, pressão de tosse anal máxima, pressão de distensão anal máxima, pressão de tosse retal máxima e pressão de distensão retal máxima (todos p<0,01). Conclusões O presente estudo estabelece valores normais de HRAM em adultos vietnamitas saudáveis, particularmente no que diz respeito aos valores normais de pressão anorretal e sensação retal. Mais estudos que incluam tamanhos de amostra maiores devemser realizados a fim de confirmar melhor as constantes e suas relações.

Abstract Introduction The present study aims to identify normal high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) values and related factors in healthy Vietnamese adults. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the Viet Duc hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, during April and May 2019. Healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in the study. Anorectal measurement values from the digestive tract, including pressure, were recorded. Results A total of 76 healthy volunteers were recruited. The mean functional anal canal length was 4.2 ± 0.5 cm, while the mean anal high-pressure zone length was 3.4 ± 0.5 cm. Themean defecation index was 1.4 ± 0.8, with values ranging from 0.3 to 5.0. The mean threshold volume to elicit the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was 18.1 mL. The mean rectal sensation values were 32.4mL, 81.6mL, and 159 mL for first sensation, desire to defecate, and urge to defecate, respectively. Dyssynergic patterns occurred in ~ 50% of the study participants and included mainly types I (27.6%) and III (14.6%). There were significant differences between male and female patients in terms of maximum anal squeeze pressure, maximum anal cough pressure, maximum anal strain pressure, maximum rectal cough pressure, and maximum rectal strain pressure (all p<0.01). Conclusions The present study establishes normal HRAM values in healthy Vietnamese adults, particularly regarding normal values of anorectal pressure and rectal sensation. Further studies that include larger sample sizes should be conducted to further confirm the constants and their relationships.

Abstract This paper evaluated the inhibitory effect of 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (PFS), a major saponin isolated from Polyscias fruticosa leaves, on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and its potential for reducing the postprandial blood glucose level in mice. In enzyme inhibition assays, PFS strongly inhibited porcine pancreas α-amylase and yeast α-glucosidase. Using the Lineweaver–Burk equation, we found that PFS inhibited porcine pancreas α-amylase in a mixed noncompetitive mode, and yeast α-glucosidase via noncompetitive inhibition. In the sucrose tolerance test, PFS at 100 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the postprandial blood glucose level in mice fed a high-sucrose diet. These findings suggest that P. fruticosa leaves and their major saponin PFS can be used to prevent and treat diabetes and its complications.

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of a methanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction, water layer, and polyhydroxylated sterols (1-4) isolated from the Vietnamese starfish Protoreaster nodosus on pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-α) production in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS: The methanolic extract and dichloromethane fraction exerted potent inhibitory effects on the production of all three pro-inflammatory cytokines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.60 ±0.01 to 26.19 ±0.64 μg/mL. Four highly pure steroid derivatives (1-4) were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and water layer of P. nodosus. Potent inhibitory activities were also observed for (25S)5α-cholestane-3β,6α,7α,8β,15α,16β,26-octol (3) on the production of IL-12 p40 and IL-6 (IC50s = 3.11 ± 0.08 and 1.35 ± 0.03 μM), and for (25S)5α-cholestane-3β, 6α,8β, 15α,16β, 26-hexol (1) and (25S)5α-cholestane-3β,6α,7α,8β,15α,16β,26-heptol (2) on the production of IL-12 p40 (IC50s = 0.01 ±0.00 and and 1.02 ± 0.01 μM). Moreover, nodososide (4) exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on IL-12 p40 and IL-6 production. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory activity from the starfish P. nodosus. The main finding of this study is the identification oxygenated steroid derivatives from P. nodosus with potent anti-inflammatory activities that may be developed as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.