This work evaluated the use of corncob as a support for the immobilization of an extracellular fructosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1.9) from Aspergillus oryzae IPT-301, aiming at the synthesis of a stable biocatalyst for the production of fructooligosaccharides. The transfructosylation activity of the immobilized enzyme was maximized via experimental design. Additionally, the biochemical properties and stability of the immobilized enzyme, as well as the reaction kinetics, were determined. The enzyme immobilized on alkali-treated corncob showed the highest transfructosylation activity at 50 °C and pH 5.5. It also presented a wide pH stability and a half-life around 1.4 times greater than the soluble enzyme. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme showed 53% of retention of catalytic activity in a second consecutive reaction cycle, showing the potential for reuse. These results suggest that alkali-treated corncob is a promising support material for the synthesis of heterogeneous biocatalysts aiming at fructooligosaccharide production, which can contribute to the valorization of this abundant agro-waste. E.C. EC E C (E.C 2.4.1.9 2419 2 4 1 9 IPT301, IPT301 IPT 301, 301 IPT-301 fructooligosaccharides design Additionally kinetics determined alkalitreated alkali treated 5 55 5.5 halflife half life 14 1. Furthermore 53 cycle reuse agrowaste. agrowaste agro waste. waste agro-waste E.C 2.4.1. 241 IPT30 30 IPT-30 5. 2.4.1 24 IPT3 3 IPT-3 2.4. IPT- 2.4 2.

Abstract Weed control is one of the major challenges in rice production, being the most important agronomic constraint. The apple snail (Pomacea maculata) is the main gastropod pest in rice fields predating rice seedlings in juvenile stages. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the biological use of the apple snail to control weeds in rice. Field trials were carried out to evaluate new techniques of capture and management of the mollusc for optimal weeding of rice fields with different rice cultivation techniques, such as dry seeding, wet seeding and transplanting. Combinations of these techniques are evaluated for their effect on snail control, weed control and effects on rice production, using plots treated with the molluscicide saponin (Camelia sp. seed extract) as a control. In dry sowing, good crop development and a good contribution of apple snails were obtained both when using snail traps (77.4% weed reduction) and when not using them (96.77% reduction). In wet seeding and transplanting, a solid contribution of the apple snail was obtained in the reduction of weeds of 100%; although in transplanting it is necessary to eliminate the snail captured with traps to avoid affecting the rice. The apple snail management is an agroecological alternative for the control of weeds plants, especially in the case of rice.

Resumen El control de malas hierbas es uno de los mayores desafíos en la producción de arroz, siendo la limitación agronómica más importante. El caracol manzana (Pomacea maculata) es la principal plaga de gasterópodos en arrozales depredando las plántulas de arroz en estadios juveniles. El propósito del estudio es evaluar la utilidad del uso del caracol manzana para controlar las malas hierbas en el cultivo del arroz, para ello se realizaron ensayos en los que se evaluó nuevas técnicas de captura y gestión del molusco para el óptimo desherbado de los campos de arroz con distintas técnicas de cultivo, como son la siembra en seco, la siembra en inundación y el trasplante. Las combinaciones de dichas técnicas son evaluadas en cuanto a su efecto tanto en el control del caracol, como en el control de malas hierbas y los efectos sobre la producción del propio arroz, usando como control parcelas tratadas con extracto de saponinas de Camelia sp.. En siembra en seco se obtiene un buen desarrollo del cultivo y una buena aportación de caracol manzana tanto cuando se usan trampas para regular las poblaciones del caracol (reducción de malas hierbas del 77,4%), como cuando no (reducción de 96,77%). Mientras que, en siembra en inundación y trasplante, se obtiene un valor cercano de eliminación del 100% de las malas hierbas. El caracol manzana resulta ser una alternativa agroecológica adecuada para el control de malas hierbas, en especial en siembra en seco y trasplante.

This work aims (1) to investigate the lexical and phonetic-phonological variation through the reanalysis of 21 productions referring to the concept ‘elevator’, originally collected by Xavier and F. Barbosa (2017) from 12 deaf signers from the state of São Paul, and (2) to compare our results with those of the aforementioned authors. To achieve this, unlike the previous study, the reanalyzed productions were first grouped by a deaf signer who uses Libras as her first language into different lexical variants based on their iconicity (motivation) and not on their formal similarity. Subsequently, the variant and stable phonetic-phonological aspects in the productions of each lexical variant were analyzed by their comparison. As a result, we observed a differece in the number of lexical variants in both studies, but similarities in the results related to the variable and stable phonetic-phological features.

O presente trabalho objetiva (1) investigar a variação lexical e fonético-fonológica na libras através da reanálise de 21 produções referentes ao conceito ‘elevador’, originalmente coletadas por Xavier e F. Barbosa (2017) de 12 sinalizantes surdos do estado de São Paulo, e (2) comparar nossos resultados com os dos referidos autores. Para isso, diferentemente do estudo anterior, as produções reanalisadas foram primeiramente agrupadas por uma sinalizante surda usuária de libras como primeira língua em diferentes variantes lexicais com base em sua iconicidade (motivação) e não na sua semelhança formal. Posteriormente, foram analisados os aspectos fonético-fonológicos variantes e estáveis nas produções de cada variante lexical por meio de sua comparação. Como resultado, observou-se diferença em relação no número de variantes lexicais nos dois estudos, mas semelhanças nos resultados relacionados à variação e à estabilidade fonético-fonológicas.

Abstract Introduction: Methylene Blue (MB) has been shown to attenuate oxidative, inflammatory, myocardial, and neurological lesions during ischemia-reperfusion and has great potential during cardiac arrest. This study aimed to determine the effects of MB combined with epinephrine during cardiac arrest on myocardial and cerebral lesions. Method: Thirty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the sham group (SH, n = 5), and three groups subjected to cardiac arrest (n = 11 /group) and treated with EPI 20 μg.kg−1 (EPI), EPI 20 μg.kg−1 + MB 2 mg.kg−1 (EPI + MB), or saline 0.9% 0.2 ml (CTL). Ventricular fibrillation was induced by direct electrical stimulation in the right ventricle for 3 minutes, and anoxia was maintained for 5 minutes. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) consisted of medications, ventilation, chest compressions, and defibrillation. After returning to spontaneous circulation, animals were observed for four hours. Blood gas, troponin, oxidative stress, histology, and TUNEL staining measurements were analyzed. Groups were compared using generalized estimating equations. Results: No differences in the Returning of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) rate were observed among the groups (EPI: 63%, EPI + MB: 45%, CTL: 40%, p = 0.672). The mean arterial pressure immediately after ROSC was higher in the EPI+MB group than in the CTRL group (CTL: 30.5 [5.8], EPI: 63 [25.5], EPI+MB: 123 [31] mmHg, p = 0.007). Serum troponin levels were high in the CTL group (CTL: 130.1 [333.8], EPI: 3.70 [36.0], EPI +MB: 43.7 [116.31] ng/mL, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The coadministration of MB and epinephrine failed to yield enhancements in cardiac or brain lesions in a rodent model of cardiac arrest. Introduction (MB inflammatory ischemiareperfusion ischemia reperfusion Method Thirtyeight Thirty eight SH, SH (SH 5, , 5) 1 /group μgkg1 μgkg μg kg μg.kg− EPI, (EPI) mgkg1 mgkg mg mg.kg− MB, MB) 09 0 9 0.9 02 0. CTL. . (CTL) minutes CPR (CPR medications ventilation compressions defibrillation circulation hours gas stress histology analyzed equations Results (ROSC 63% 45 45% 40 40% 0.672. 0672 0.672 672 0.672) EPIMB (CTL 305 30 30. 5.8, 58 5.8 8 [5.8] 6 25.5, 255 25.5 25 [25.5] 12 31 [31 mmHg 0.007. 0007 0.007 007 0.007) 1301 130 130. 333.8, 3338 333.8 333 [333.8] 370 70 3.7 36.0, 360 36.0 36 [36.0] +MB 437 43 7 43. 116.31 11631 116 [116.31 ngmL ng mL ng/mL 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Conclusion μg.kg mg.kg 4 067 0.67 67 5. [5.8 25. [25.5 [3 000 0.00 00 13 333. 33 [333.8 37 3. 36. [36.0 116.3 1163 [116.3 0.0 06 0.6 [5. [25. [ [333. [36. 116. [116. [5 [25 [333 [36 [116 [2 [33 [11 [1

Metallic nanoparticles remain the focus of diverse studies across various fields due to their exceptional properties and applications in biology, sensing, energy, and (electro)catalysis. Typical syntheses of metallic nanoparticles are solution-based and require the use of stabilizing agents. Although these surface agents prevent agglomeration, they also hinder access to active sites on the nanoparticle surface. A promising alternative is mechanochemical synthesis, offering a solvent and surfactant-free approach, which yields uniform nanoparticles with clean surfaces. Here, we employ ball milling as a mechanochemical method to prepare metallic bismuth nanoparticles in a single step, using BiVO4 semiconductor both as a bismuth source and a support. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to the formation of nanoparticles by the partial reduction of BiVO4, there is an increase in charge carriers in the semiconductor structure as probed by electrochemical experiments. The final properties of Bi@BiVO4 material make it a relevant candidate for (electro)catalysis. biology sensing energy electrocatalysis. electrocatalysis electro catalysis. catalysis (electro)catalysis solutionbased solution based agglomeration synthesis surfactantfree surfactant free approach surfaces Here step BiVO support that experiments BiBiVO4 BiBiVO Bi Bi@BiVO

ABSTRACT Watermelon has great importance due to its nutritional properties. The aim of this work was to study accessions classified as resistant to fusariosis. Twelve accessions and two cultivars, Sugar Baby and Charleston Gray (controls), were characterized for watermelon fruit quality descriptors. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina-PE, over two production cycles in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions and five plants per plot. Two fruits per plot were sampled for characterization. Ten quantitative and seven qualitative descriptors were evaluated. For the qualitative traits, dissimilarity measures were determined by a matrix of Euclidean distance. At the second harvest, most accessions had higher organic acid and vitamin C content in the pulp and higher soluble solids (°Brix) content. The accessions were divided into four groups according to the Tocher method. There is variability among the evaluated accessions, and the accessions BGH-Univasf 40, BGH-Univasf 169, and BGH-Univasf 177 are potential sources for use in watermelon breeding programs. Accessions BGH-UNIVASF 76, BGH-UNIVASF 128, and BGH-UNIVASF 185 (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) performed well in terms of total production, fruit mass, and vitamin C content. properties fusariosis cultivars controls, controls , (controls) PetrolinaPE, PetrolinaPE Petrolina PE, PE Petrolina-PE design characterization traits distance harvest °Brix Brix (°Brix method BGHUnivasf BGH Univasf 40 169 17 programs BGHUNIVASF UNIVASF 76 128 18 Citrullus var citroides mass (controls 4 16 1 7 12

RESUMO O gladíolo é uma espécie que apresenta cultivares com flores coloridas, e essas hastes podem ser produzidas utilizando práticas de manejo simples e de baixo custo. A cultura não é explorada no Vale do São Francisco, demandando pesquisas que orientem os produtores sobre o cultivo e comercialização. O programa PhenoGlad foi criado para simular a produção de gladíolos com base em dados de temperatura do ano anterior. O objetivo do estudo foi produzir gladíolos em diferentes épocas, avaliar a qualidade das hastes e validar o modelo PhenoGlad. O experimento foi conduzido entre 2020 e 2021 na Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados completos, em arranjo fatorial 4x3. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro cultivares (Red Beauty; Jester; T704; White Friendship) e três picos de colheita (C1: Festa do Dia da Padroeira de Petrolina-PE, 15 de agosto de 2020; C2: Dia de Finados, 2 de novembro de 2020; e C3: Dia Internacional da Mulher, 8 de março de 2021). Os parâmetros avaliados foram comprimento total da haste, comprimento do pendão floral, diâmetro da haste e longevidade pós-colheita no estádio R2-R5. A interação cultivares e picos de colheita foi significativa para comprimento total da haste e diâmetro da haste. Todas as cultivares se cultivadas em C1 tiveram bom desempenho e apresentaram baixo erro em relação com as observações de campo, validando o modelo PhenoGlad. O cultivo de gladíolos na região é viável, pois as hastes atendem aos padrões de qualidade e possuem longevidade para comercialização. coloridas custo Francisco comercialização anterior épocas 202 completos 4x3 x Red Beauty Jester T704 T Friendship C (C1 PetrolinaPE, PetrolinaPE Petrolina PE, PE Petrolina-PE 1 C2 Finados C3 Mulher 2021. . 2021) floral póscolheita pós R2R5. R2R5 RR R2 R5. R5 R R2-R5 campo viável 20 4x T70 (C R2R R2-R T7

ABSTRACT Gladiolus is a species that presents cultivars with flowers of different colors, and these floral stems can be produced using simple and low-cost management practices. Its growth is not widespread in the São Francisco Valley, in Brazil, thus requiring research to guide growers regarding its production and commercialization. The PhenoGlad program was developed to simulate gladiolus production based on temperature data from the previous year. Therefore, the objective of this work was to produce gladioli at different times, assess stem quality, and validate the PhenoGlad model for the region. The experiment was conducted between 2020 and 2021 at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, using a complete randomized block design, in a 4×3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four cultivars (Red Beauty, Jester, T704, and White Friendship) and three harvest peaks (H1: Feast of the Petrolina Patron Saint's Day, August 15, 2020; H2: All Souls' Day, November 2, 2020; and H3: International Women's Day, March 8, 2021). The parameters evaluated were total stem length, rachis length, stem diameter, and postharvest longevity at the R2-R5 stage. The interaction between cultivars and harvest peaks was significant for total stem length and stem diameter. All cultivars grown for H1 performed well and showed a low simulated error compared to field observations, validating the PhenoGlad model. Growing gladiolus in the region is feasible, as the stems meet quality standards and have a suitable shelf life for commercialization. colors lowcost cost practices Valley Brazil commercialization year Therefore times 202 design 43 4 3 4× arrangement Red Beauty Jester T704 T Friendship H (H1 Saints Saint s Day 15 H2 Souls 2 H3 Womens Women 8 2021. . 2021) diameter R2R5 RR R2 R5 R R2-R stage observations feasible 20 T70 (H 1 R2R T7

Resumo A produção agrícola está diretamente relacionada às condições ambientais. Condições favoráveis podem levar a maior produtividade e qualidade do produto. No entanto, as alterações climáticas podem representar uma ameaça para a produção agrícola em todo o mundo, uma vez que um aumento da temperatura pode causar uma diminuição na extensão de áreas adequadas para o cultivo de certas culturas. Utilizando análises espaciais e dados de cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas desenvolvidos pelo Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto das mudanças climáticas nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar e citros no estado de São Paulo por meio do mapeamento do zoneamento agroclimático. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que ambas as culturas podem sofrer grandes reduções nas áreas aptas ao cultivo caso haja mudanças severas no regime climático. Essas descobertas podem auxiliar gestores e pesquisadores a mitigar esses potenciais impactos e esclarecer como as mudanças climáticas afetam a vida no planeta, com potencial redução na produção de alimentos e bioenergia. ambientais produto entanto mundo Climáticas canadeaçúcar cana açúcar agroclimático climático planeta bioenergia

Abstract Agricultural production is directly related to environmental conditions. Favorable conditions can lead to higher productivity and product quality. However, climate change may pose a threat to agricultural production worldwide, as an increase in temperature may cause a decrease in the extent of suitable areas for growing certain crops. Using spatial analysis and data from future climate change scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change on sugarcane and citrus plantations in the state of São Paulo using agroclimatic zoning mapping. The results of this study demonstrate that both crops can suffer major reductions in areas suitable for cultivation if there are severe changes in the climate regime. These findings can assist managers and researchers to mitigate these potential impacts and clarify how climate change affects life on the planet, with a potential reduction in food and bioenergy production. quality However worldwide Change mapping regime planet

Resumen La producción agrícola está directamente relacionada con las condiciones ambientales. Las condiciones favorables pueden conducir a una mayor productividad y calidad del producto. Sin embargo, el cambio climático puede representar una amenaza para la producción agrícola en todo el mundo, ya que un aumento de la temperatura puede causar una disminución en la extensión de las áreas adecuadas para el cultivo de ciertos cultivos. Utilizando análisis espaciales y datos de escenarios futuros de cambio climático desarrollados por el Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto del cambio climático en las plantaciones de caña de azúcar y cítricos en el estado de São Paulo mediante mapeo de zonificación agroclimática. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que ambos cultivos pueden sufrir importantes reducciones en las superficies aptas para el cultivo si se producen cambios severos en el régimen climático. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a los administradores e investigadores a mitigar estos impactos potenciales y aclarar cómo el cambio climático afecta la vida en el planeta, con una reducción potencial en la producción de alimentos y bioenergía. ambientales producto embargo mundo Climático agroclimática planeta bioenergía

This study investigates the potential of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts derived from carvacrol as anticancer agents. The synthesis process, involving the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with carvacrol acrylate as a Michael acceptor, resulted in stable adducts with impressive yields ranging from 60 to 92%, achieved within a maximum reaction time of 24 h. Through a screening process utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, compound 6, identified as the acrylate/2-naphthyl adduct, emerged as the most active within the series among twelve compounds tested. Specifically, compound 6 exhibited a remarkably potent impact on neuroblastoma cell lines, particularly SH-SY5Y cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.7 µM after 72 h (42 times more potent than carvacrol, IC50 = 374.1 μM). The exploration of the selectivity index (SI) against normal cell lines demonstrated an outstanding SI of 4.28 compared to other compounds. Mechanistic studies on SH-SY5Y cells revealed a concentration-dependent apoptotic effect attributed to caspase 3/7 activation. In silico modeling showcased favorable pharmacokinetic properties for compound 6, including effective absorption after oral administration. Assessment of toxicity of compound 6 profile using brine shrimp and the Irwin test indicated low toxicity, highlighting its potential for future anticancer agent development. MoritaBaylisHillman Morita Baylis Hillman agents acceptor 92 92% 2 34,5dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 3 4,5 dimethylthiazol yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 MTT (MTT acrylate/2naphthyl acrylate2naphthyl acrylatenaphthyl acrylate/2 naphthyl adduct tested Specifically SHSY5Y SHSYY SH SY5Y SY Y halfmaximal half maximal IC (IC50 87 8 7 8. 42 (4 IC5 3741 374 1 374. μM. μM . μM) (SI 428 28 4.2 concentrationdependent dependent 37 3/ activation administration development 9 34 5dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, 2naphthyl acrylate2 acrylate/ SHSY SYY (IC5 ( 4. dimethylthiazolyl 5dimethylthiazol2yl (IC

Abstract Background Astrocytes Ca2+ signaling play a central role in the modulation of neuronal function. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) by glutamate released during an increase in synaptic activity triggers coordinated Ca2+ signals in astrocytes. Importantly, astrocytes express the Ca2+-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-synthe-tizing enzymes eNOS and nNOS, which might contribute to the Ca2+ signals by triggering Ca2+ influx or ATP release through the activation of connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channels or Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) channels. Hence, we aim to evaluate the participation of NO in the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling initiated by stimulation of mGluR in primary cultures of astrocytes from rat brain cortex. Results Astrocytes were stimulated with glutamate or t-ACPD and NO-dependent changes in [Ca2+]i and ATP release were evaluated. In addition, the activity of Cx43 hemichannels, Panx-1 channels and CALHM1 channels was also analyzed. The expression of Cx43, Panx-1 and CALHM1 in astrocytes was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis and both glutamate and t-ACPD induced NO-mediated activation of CALHM1 channels via direct S-nitrosylation, which was further confirmed by assessing CALHM1-mediated current using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique in Xenopus oocytes. Pharmacological blockade or siRNA-mediated inhibition of CALHM1 expression revealed that the opening of these channels provides a pathway for ATP release and the subsequent purinergic receptordependent activation of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx-1 channels, which further contributes to the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that activation of CALHM1 channels through NO-mediated S-nitrosylation in astrocytes in vitro is critical for the generation of glutamate-initiated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling.

Biodiversity conservation is a complex and transdisciplinary problem that requires engagement and cooperation among scientific, societal, economic, and political institutions. However, historical approaches have often failed to bring together and address the needs of all relevant stakeholders in decision‐making processes. The Tropical Andes, a biodiversity hotspot where conservation efforts often conflict with socioeconomic issues and policies that prioritize economic development, provides an ideal model to develop and implement more effective approaches. In this study, we present a co‐design approach that mainstreams and improves the flow of biodiversity information in the Tropical Andes, while creating tailored outputs that meet the needs of economic and societal stakeholders. We employed a consultative process that brought together biodiversity information users and producers at the local, national, and regional levels through a combination of surveys and workshops. This approach identified priority needs and limitations of the flow of biodiversity information in the region, which led to the co‐design of user‐relevant biodiversity indicators. By leveraging the existing capacities of biodiversity information users and producers, we were able to co‐design multiple biodiversity indicators and prioritize two for full implementation ensuring that the data was findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable based on the FAIR principles. This approach helped address limitations that were identified in the stakeholder engagement process, including gaps in data availability and the need for more accessible biodiversity information. Additionally, capacity‐building workshops were incorporated for all producers of biodiversity information involved, which aimed to not only improve the current flow of biodiversity information in the region but also facilitate its future sustainability. Our approach can serve as a valuable blueprint for mainstreaming biodiversity information and making it more inclusive in the future, especially considering the diverse worldviews, values, and knowledge systems between science, policy, and practice.

La conservación de la biodiversidad es un problema complejo y transdisciplinario que requiere el compromiso y la cooperación entre instituciones científicas, sociales, económicas y políticas. Sin embargo, los enfoques tradicionales/convencionales&nbsp; a menudo no logran&nbsp; reunir y abordar las necesidades de todos los actores relevantes en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los Andes tropicales, un área clave&nbsp; de biodiversidad donde los esfuerzos de conservación a menudo entran en conflicto con cuestiones socioeconómicas y políticas que priorizan el desarrollo económico, proporcionan un modelo ideal para desarrollar e implementar enfoques más efectivos. En este estudio, presentamos un enfoque co-diseño que integra y mejora el flujo de información sobre biodiversidad en los Andes tropicales, creando resultados personalizados que satisfacen las necesidades, tanto económicas como sociales, de las partes interesadas. Empleamos un proceso de consulta que reunió a usuarios y productores de información sobre biodiversidad a nivel local, nacional y regional, a través de encuestas y talleres. Este enfoque ha permitido identificar necesidades prioritarias y limitaciones del flujo de información sobre biodiversidad en la región; lo cual llevó al codiseño de indicadores de biodiversidad relevantes para los usuarios. Aprovechando las capacidades existentes de los usuarios y productores de información sobre biodiversidad, pudimos co-diseñar múltiples indicadores de biodiversidad y priorizar dos de estos para su implementación completa, asegurando que los datos sean localizables, accesibles, interoperables y reutilizables, según los principios FAIR. Este enfoque ayudó a abordar las limitaciones que se identificaron en el proceso de participación de las partes interesadas; incluidas las brechas en la disponibilidad de datos y la necesidad de información sobre biodiversidad más accesible. Además, se incorporaron talleres de desarrollo de capacidades para todos los productores de información sobre biodiversidad involucrados, los cuales apuntaron no sólo a mejorar el flujo actual de información sobre biodiversidad en la región, sino también facilitar su sostenibilidad futura. Nuestro enfoque puede servir como un modelo valioso para incorporar la información sobre biodiversidad y hacerla más inclusiva en el futuro; especialmente si consideramos las diversas perspectivas globales, valores y sistemas de conocimiento implicados en las interacciones entre&nbsp; la ciencia, la política y su aplicación práctica.

A conservação da biodiversidade é um problema complexo e transdisciplinar que requer compromisso e cooperação entre instituições científicas, sociais, económicas e políticas. No entanto, as abordagens tradicionais/convencionais muitas vezes não conseguem reunir e responder às necessidades de todos os intervenientes relevantes nos processos de tomada de decisão. Os Andes tropicais, uma área chave para a biodiversidade onde os esforços de conservação entram frequentemente em conflito com questões socioeconómicas e políticas que dão prioridade ao desenvolvimento económico, fornecem um modelo ideal para desenvolver e implementar abordagens mais eficazes. Neste estudo, apresentamos uma abordagem de co-design que integra e melhora o fluxo de informações sobre biodiversidade nos Andes tropicais, criando resultados personalizados que atendem às necessidades, tanto econômicas quanto sociais, das partes interessadas. Empregamos um processo de consulta que reuniu usuários e produtores de informações sobre biodiversidade nos níveis local, nacional e regional, por meio de pesquisas e workshops. Esta abordagem permitiu identificar necessidades prioritárias e limitações do fluxo de informação sobre a biodiversidade na região; o que levou à concepção conjunta de indicadores de biodiversidade relevantes para os utilizadores. Aproveitando as capacidades existentes dos utilizadores e produtores de informação sobre biodiversidade, fomos capazes de conceber em conjunto vários indicadores de biodiversidade e priorizar dois deles para implementação total, garantindo que os dados sejam localizáveis, acessíveis, interoperáveis ​​e reutilizáveis, de acordo com os princípios FAIR. Esta abordagem ajudou a resolver as limitações identificadas no processo de envolvimento das partes interessadas; incluindo lacunas na disponibilidade de dados e a necessidade de informações mais acessíveis sobre biodiversidade. Além disso, foram incorporados workshops de capacitação para todos os produtores de informação sobre biodiversidade envolvidos, que visaram não só melhorar o fluxo actual de informação sobre biodiversidade na região, mas também facilitar a sua sustentabilidade futura. A nossa abordagem pode servir como um modelo valioso para incorporar informações sobre biodiversidade e torná-las mais inclusivas no futuro; especialmente se considerarmos as diversas perspectivas globais, valores e sistemas de conhecimento envolvidos nas interações entre ciência, política e sua aplicação prática.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) caracteriza-se pela obstrução do fluxo aéreo e, embora comprometa os pulmões, produz importantes consequências sistêmicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre citocinas pró-inflamatórias e limiar nociceptivo em ratos com DPOC induzida por elastase pancreática suína. MÉTODOS: Cento e quarenta e quatro animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três modelos diferentes: dor fásica nociceptiva no teste de retirada de cauda (TF), dor inflamatória no modelo de adjuvante completo de Freund (CFA) e dor neuropática no modelo de constrição do nervo ciático (CCI). Vinte e um dias após a instilação traqueal de elastase a DPOC foi estabelecida e o limiar nociceptivo foi avaliado em diferentes períodos. RESULTADOS: Os animais com DPOC apresentaram menor tempo de latência de retirada e maiores níveis das citocinas IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-alfa no T F. No modelo CFA e CCI, os animais com DPOC apresentaram aumento da hiperalgesia mecânica e os níveis de IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-alfa foram maiores no plasma até 24 horas. CONCLUSÃO: Animais com DPOC apresentam níveis mais elevados de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e limiares nociceptivos reduzidos, sugerindo uma relação entre DPOC e aumento da nocicepção. OBJETIVOS (DPOC caracterizase caracteriza se pulmões sistêmicas próinflamatórias pró inflamatórias suína MÉTODOS TF, TF , (TF) (CFA CCI. CCI . (CCI) períodos RESULTADOS IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β IL6 6 IL- TNFalfa TNF alfa F 2 horas CONCLUSÃO reduzidos nocicepção (TF (CCI

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction, although it compromises the lungs, it also produces significant systemic consequences. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and nociceptive threshold in rats with porcine pancreatic elastase-induced COPD. METHODS 144 animals were randomly distributed into 3 different models: nociceptive phasic pain at tail-flick test (TF), inflammatory pain in the Freund’s complete adjuvant model (CFA) and neuropathic pain in the sciatic nerve constriction model (CCI). 21 days after tracheal instillation of elastase the COPD was established, and the nociceptive threshold was evaluated at different times. RESULTS: The animals with COPD in TF had a shorter latency time and higher levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokines. In the CFA and CCI model, the animals with COPD showed an increase in the mechanical hyperalgesia and the levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were greater in plasma up to 24 hours. CONCLUSION: Animals with COPD have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced nociceptive thresholds, suggesting a relationship between COPD and increased nociception. OBJECTIVES (COPD obstruction lungs consequences proinflammatory pro elastaseinduced induced 14 models tailflick tail flick TF, , (TF) Freunds Freund s (CFA CCI. . (CCI) 2 established times RESULTS IL1b, IL1b ILb IL 1b, 1b b IL-1b IL6 6 IL- TNFalpha TNF alpha hours CONCLUSION thresholds nociception 1 (TF (CCI

Resumo Avaliação de novos genótipos de bananeira com potencial agronômico e tolerantes às principais pragas e doenças é essencial para o mercado. Objetivou-se avaliar as características vegetativas e produtivas dos novos potenciais clones-elites de bananeira ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ e ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ e de cultivares comerciais. O experimento foi implantado em propriedade no município de Nova Porteirinha-MG. Os tratamentos consistiram nos clones-elites de bananeira ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ e ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ (tolerantes à murcha de Fusarium) e das cultivares: ‘PrataGorutuba’, ‘Prata-Anã’, ‘Grande Naine’ e ‘BRS Princesa’. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos emblocos ao acaso,com quatro repetições e seis plantas úteis por parcela. As avaliações foramrealizadas no primeiro e segundo ciclos de produção. Os clones-elites ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’e ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ apresentaram excelente desempenho, comparados às cultivares jáconsolidadas no mercado. Os clones-elites apresentaram altura de planta considerada mediana e número de folhas no florescimento ideal para bananeiras do subgrupo ‘Prata’. Peso decacho e de pencas, e produção foram semelhantes às cultivares ‘Prata-Anã’, ‘Prata Gorutuba’ e ‘BRS Princesa’. Considerando que os clones avaliados apresentam elevada tolerânciaà murcha de Fusarium, o resultado sugere que os materiais apresentam grande potencialpara o registro de novas cultivares. mercado Objetivouse Objetivou se cloneselites elites Prata R1 R R2 comerciais PorteirinhaMG. PorteirinhaMG Porteirinha MG. MG Porteirinha-MG Fusarium ‘PrataGorutuba, PrataGorutuba ‘PrataGorutuba , ‘PrataGorutuba’ ‘PrataAnã, PrataAnã Anã ‘Prata-Anã’ Grande Naine BRS Princesa. Princesa . Princesa’ acasocom acaso parcela R1e Re desempenho ‘Prata. ‘Prata’ pencas ‘PrataAnã ‘Prata-Anã

Abstract The evaluation of new banana genotypes with agronomic potential and tolerant to the main pests and diseases is essential for the market. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative and productive characteristics of new potential banana clones, such as ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ and commercial cultivars. The experiment was implemented in a rural property located in the municipality of Nova Porteirinha, MG. The treatments consisted of ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ banana clones (genotypes selected from the ‘Prata Anã’ clone ‘Gorutuba’ tolerant to Panama disease) and four cultivars: ‘Prata Gorutuba’, ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘BRS Princesa’. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications and six useful plants per plot. The planting spacing used was 3.5 m x 1.7 m. The evaluations were carried out in the first and second production cycles. The ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and’ Prata Gorutuba R2’ clones in general showed excellent performance compared to the already consolidated cultivars. The clones presented median height and number of leaves in the ideal flowering for banana trees of the ‘Prata’ subgroup. Bunch and bunch weight, as well as production were similar to the ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Prata Gorutuba’ and ‘BRS Princesa’ cultivars. Considering that the clones evaluated present high tolerance to Fusarium wilt, the result indicates that the materials have great potential for the registration of new cultivars. market R1 R R2 cultivars Porteirinha MG Anã ‘Gorutuba disease Gorutuba, , Anã, Grande Naine BRS Princesa. Princesa . blocks plot 35 3 5 3. 17 1 7 1. cycles subgroup weight wilt

Resumo Paratanaisia bragai é um trematódeo digenético que atinge a maturidade sexual nos ductos coletores de aves domésticas e silvestres, enquanto os moluscos Subulina octona e Leptinaria unilamellata atuam como seus hospedeiros intermediários no Brasil. O presente estudo analisou a morfologia e morfometria de P. bragai. Amostras adultas do parasito foram coletadas de rins de Columba livia naturalmente infectada, fixadas e preparadas para observação na microscopia de campo claro e microscopia de luz de contraste de interferência diferencial e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O parasite possui corpo alongado e achatado, com uma ventosa oral subterminal localizada na extremidade anterior do corpo, conforme observado por todas as técnicas utilizadas. A coloração do parasito com hematoxilina-eosina permitiu observar a faringe, localizada posteriormente à ventosa oral, as glândulas vitelogênicas, que são extracecais e estendem-se anteriormente à região pré-ovariana e posteriormente à região mediana do corpo, e os cecos intestinais paralelos às glândulas vitelinas. A presença e funcionalidade do acetábulo são pontos controversos na literatura, mas foi observado em todos os espécimes analisados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, com diâmetro maior de 38.36 ± 6.96 (28.77 – 45.39) e diâmetro menor de 31.59 ± 7,04 (21.75 – 38.16). Próximo ao acetábulo foram observadas escamas no tegumento do parasito. Escamas com (1 - 5) divisões de lâmina foram identificadas. No poro genital, foi possível visualizar o cirro evertido com formato de roseta. O poro excretor (primeiro registro morfométrico) é dorsal e subterminal, com diâmetro maior de 12.27 ± 9.16 (5.79 – 18.75) e diâmetro menor de 3.95 ± 1.49 (2.89 – 5.00). silvestres Brasil P infectada varredura achatado utilizadas hematoxilinaeosina hematoxilina eosina faringe vitelogênicas estendemse estendem se préovariana pré ovariana vitelinas literatura 3836 38 36 38.3 696 6 96 6.9 28.77 2877 28 77 (28.7 45.39 4539 45 39 3159 31 59 31.5 704 7 04 7,0 21.75 2175 21 75 (21.7 38.16. 3816 38.16 . 16 38.16) 1 ( 5 identificadas genital roseta primeiro morfométrico 1227 12 27 12.2 916 9 9.1 5.79 579 79 (5.7 18.75 1875 18 395 3 95 3.9 149 49 1.4 2.89 289 2 89 (2.8 5.00. 500 5.00 00 5.00) 383 38. 69 6. 28.7 287 (28. 45.3 453 4 315 31. 70 0 7, 21.7 217 (21. 381 38.1 122 12. 91 9. 5.7 57 (5. 18.7 187 3. 14 1. 2.8 8 (2. 50 5.0 28. (28 45. 21. (21 5. (5 18. 2. (2

Abstract Paratanaisia bragai is a digenetic trematode that reaches sexual maturity in the kidney collecting ducts of domestic and wild birds, while the snails Subulina octona and Leptinaria unilamellata serve as its intermediate hosts in Brazil. The present study analyzed the morphology and morphometry of P. bragai. Adult specimens of the parasite were collected from naturally infected Columba livia kidneys, fixed and prepared for observation via bright field and differential interference contrast light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The parasite has an elongated and flattened body, with a subterminal oral sucker located at the anterior end of the body, as observed by all techniques used. Staining the parasite with hematoxylin-eosin enabled observation of the pharynx, located posteriorly to the oral sucker, the vitelline glands, which are extra-cecal and extend anteriorly to the pre-ovarian region and later to the median region of the body, and intestinal caeca parallel to the vitelline glands. The presence and functionality of the acetabulum are controversial points in the literature, but it was observed in all specimens analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, with a major diameter of 38.36 ± 6.96 (28.77 – 45.39) and minor diameter of 31.59 ± 7.04 (21.75 - 38.16). Close to the acetabulum, scales were observed in the integument of the parasite. Scales with (1 - 5) blade divisions were identified. In the genital pore, it was possible to see the everted cirrus with rosette shape. The excretory pore (first morphometric record) is dorsal and subterminal, with major diameter of 12.27 ± 9.16 (5.79 - 18.75) and minor diameter of 3.95 ± 1.49 (2.89 - 5.00). birds Brazil P kidneys body used hematoxylineosin hematoxylin eosin pharynx glands extracecal extra cecal preovarian pre ovarian literature 3836 38 36 38.3 696 6 96 6.9 28.77 2877 28 77 (28.7 45.39 4539 45 39 3159 31 59 31.5 704 7 04 7.0 21.75 2175 21 75 (21.7 38.16. 3816 38.16 . 16 38.16) 1 ( 5 identified shape first record 1227 12 27 12.2 916 9 9.1 5.79 579 79 (5.7 18.75 1875 18 395 3 95 3.9 149 49 1.4 2.89 289 2 89 (2.8 5.00. 500 5.00 00 5.00) 383 38. 69 6. 28.7 287 (28. 45.3 453 4 315 31. 70 0 7. 21.7 217 (21. 381 38.1 122 12. 91 9. 5.7 57 (5. 18.7 187 3. 14 1. 2.8 8 (2. 50 5.0 28. (28 45. 21. (21 5. (5 18. 2. (2

Abstract Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and are more likely to develop it in severe forms, (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]). Prone positioning is a treatment strategy for severe ARDS; however, its response in the elderly population remains poorly understood. The main objective was to evaluate the predictive response and mortality of elderly patients exposed to prone positioning due to ARDS-COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study involved 223 patients aged ≥ 65 years, who received prone position sessions for severe ARDS due to COVID-19, using invasive mechanical ventilation. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was used to assess the oxygenation response. The 20-point improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the first prone session was considered for good response. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic data, laboratory/image exams, complications, comorbidities, SAPS III and SOFA scores, use of anticoagulants and vasopressors, ventilator settings, and respiratory system mechanics. Mortality was defined as deaths that occurred until hospital discharge. Results: Most patients were male, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent comorbidities. The non-responders group had higher SAPS III and SOFA scores, and a higher incidence of complications. There was no difference in mortality rate. A lower SAPS III score was a predictor of oxygenation response, and the male sex was a risk predictor of mortality. Conclusion: The present study suggests the oxygenation response to prone positioning in elderly patients with severe COVID-19-ARDS correlates with the SAPS III score. Furthermore, the male sex is a risk predictor of mortality. Background Disease2019 Disease 2019 Disease-201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 forms e.g., eg e g (e.g. ARDS. . [ARDS]) however understood ARDSCOVID19. ARDSCOVID19 ARDSCOVID 19. ARDS-COVID-19 Methods 22 6 years COVID19, 19, COVID-19 ventilation PaO2FiO2 PaOFiO PaO2 FiO2 PaO FiO PaO2/FiO 20point point 20 records data laboratoryimage laboratory image exams complications comorbidities scores vasopressors settings mechanics discharge Results nonresponders non responders rate Conclusion COVID19ARDS COVIDARDS Furthermore Disease201 201 Disease-20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 e.g. (e.g [ARDS] ARDSCOVID1 ARDS-COVID-1 2 COVID-1 PaO2FiO Disease20 Disease-2 (COVID- e.g [ARDS ARDS-COVID- COVID- Disease2 Disease- (COVID ARDS-COVID