The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonal thermal stress on serum hormones, oxidative status, and immune response of periparturient dairy cows. A total of 32 healthy Holstein dairy cows in the perinatal period with the same date of delivery were selected (eight cows per season) and housed in a free-stall barn. Different seasons corresponded to different temperature-humidity indices (THI). Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between THI and rectal temperature and respiratory rate. On the day of calving, the level of progesterone and oestradiol increased and prolactin decreased substantially at a high THI. For oxidative stress biomarkers, the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were substantially higher at a low THI. Glutathione peroxidase was increased at a high THI. For immune responses, the data indicated that low and high THI conditions led to an increase in interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. Low THI cows exhibited a substantially higher level of tumour necrosis factor-a before calving. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and endocrine imbalance therefore occur in lactating dairy cows in hot summers and cold-wet winters in comparison with comfortable seasons.

Silicon catalysts have very low catalytic activity in polyester (PET). However, titanium catalysts have high catalytic activity in polyester. The simultaneous use of titanium and silicon catalysts is effective in reducing the activity of a single titanium catalytic base agent. In addition, the glycol salts of titanium and silicon (Ti-EG and Si-EG) prepared in the present invention for use in the polyester catalytic process can avoid the introduction of other groups of impurities during the polyester catalytic process, which would lead to premature capping of the polyester in the process of polycondensation and chain building and make it difficult to increase the molecular weight, and thus affect the quality of the polyester. It has been verified that the ratio of Ti:Si is 1:1 (mol), and total amount added to the catalyst is 0.15% of the raw material amount, and the polycondensation temperature was 260-280 °C for 60 min. Compared with the single Ti-EG catalyst, the b* value of the synthesized PET was significantly reduced, and the molecular weight and other indexes did not change too much. In addition, at the end of catalysis, the catalyst was uniformly dispersed in the reaction system, which could be used as a matting agent for PET. . (PET) However addition TiEG Ti EG SiEG Si Si-EG TiSi 11 1 1: mol, mol , (mol) 015 0 15 0.15 260280 260 280 260-28 C 6 min b reduced much catalysis system (PET (mol 01 0.1 26028 26 28 260-2 0. 2602 2 260-

Abstract Objective In the context of postoperative anal pain, understanding the intricate mechanisms and effective interventions is paramount. This study investigates the role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (mAChRs) and the IP3-Ca2+-CaM signaling pathway in a rat model of postoperative anal pain, exploring the potential analgesic effects of electroacupuncture. Methods Comprehensive approaches involving mechanical sensitivity assays, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and intracellular calcium concentration measurement were used. Results The authors found elevated mAChRs expression in the postoperative pain model. Antagonizing mAChRs reduced pain sensitivity and attenuated the IP3-Ca2+-CaM pathway. Remarkably, electroacupuncture treatment further mitigated pain, potentially by suppressing this signaling cascade. Interpretation These findings reveal a novel connection between mAChRs and the IP3-Ca2+-CaM pathway in postoperative anal pain and suggest electroacupuncture as a promising avenue for pain relief through these mechanisms, offering insights into innovative strategies for postoperative pain management. paramount (mAChRs IP3Ca2+CaM IP3Ca2CaM IPCaCaM IP3 Ca2+ CaM Ca2 IP Ca assays blotting immunohistochemistry used Remarkably cascade management IP3Ca2 IPCa IP3Ca

Abstract Background The underlying mechanism of chronic pain involves the plasticity in synaptic receptors and neurotransmitters. This study aimed to investigate potential roles of Neuroligins (NLs) within the spinal dorsal horn of rats in a newly established Bone Cancer Pain (BCP) model. The objective was to explore the mechanism of neuroligin involved in the occurrence and development of bone cancer pain. Methods Using our rat BCP model, we assessed pain hypersensitivity over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate NL expression, and NLs were overexpressed in the rat spinal cord using lentiviral vectors. Immunofluorescence staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were deployed to investigate the role of NLs in the development of BCP. Results We observed reduced expression levels of NL1 and NL2, but not of NL3, within the rat spinal cord, which were found to be associated with and essential for the development of BCP in our model. Accordingly, NL1 or NL2 overexpression in the spinal cord alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity of rats. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that NL1 and NL2 are involved in BCP via regulating γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuronal synapses and the activity of glutamatergic interneuronal synapses, respectively. Conclusions Our observations unravel the role of NLs in cancer-related chronic pain and further suggest that inhibitory mechanisms are central features of BCP in the spinal dorsal horn. These results provide a new perspective and basis for subsequent studies elucidating the onset and progression of BCP. neurotransmitters (NLs (BCP model time realtime real vectors wholecell whole cell patchclamp patch clamp NL3 Accordingly γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric acidergic acid ergic respectively cancerrelated related

Abstract Background Endometrial fibrosis, a significant characteristic of intrauterine adhesion (IUA), is caused by the excessive differentiation and activation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Glutaminolysis is the metabolic process of glutamine (Gln), which has been implicated in multiple types of organ fibrosis. So far, little is known about whether glutaminolysis plays a role in endometrial fibrosis. Methods The activation model of ESCs was constructed by TGF-β1, followed by RNA-sequencing analysis. Changes in glutaminase1 (GLS1) expression at RNA and protein levels in activated ESCs were verified experimentally. Human IUA samples were collected to verify GLS1 expression in endometrial fibrosis. GLS1 inhibitor and glutamine deprivation were applied to ESCs models to investigate the biological functions and mechanisms of glutaminolysis in ESCs activation. The IUA mice model was established to explore the effect of glutaminolysis inhibition on endometrial fibrosis. Results We found that GLS1 expression was significantly increased in activated ESCs models and fibrotic endometrium. Glutaminolysis inhibition by GLS1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES or glutamine deprivation treatment suppressed the expression of two fibrotic markers, α-SMA and collagen I, as well as the mitochondrial function and mTORC1 signaling in ESCs. Furthermore, inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway by rapamycin suppressed ESCs activation. In IUA mice models, BPTES treatment significantly ameliorated endometrial fibrosis and improved pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Glutaminolysis and glutaminolysis-associated mTOR signaling play a role in the activation of ESCs and the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis through regulating mitochondrial function. Glutaminolysis inhibition suppresses the activation of ESCs, which might be a novel therapeutic strategy for IUA.

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5’end or 3’end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5’ end or 3’ end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications. Introduction aging (TL trait disease (TERC operation elderly Methods leukocytes (BIS analyses 5end 5 3end 3 detected 10 surgery Results r 078 0 78 0.78 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) 084 84 0.84 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) 083 83 0.83 085 85 0.85 0.029. 0029 0.029 . 029 0.029) 0.58, 058 58 (0.58 021 21 0.21 019 19 0.19 0.12 012 12 variables However Conclusions complications 1 07 7 0.7 000 0.00 00 08 8 0.8 002 0.02 02 0.58 05 (0.5 2 0.2 01 0.1 0. 0.0 0.5 (0. (0 (

Resumo: Yang Naimei (杨耐梅) é uma estrela de cinema chinesa da primeira metade do século XX. O estudo discute a prática de vida e o significado de Yang Naimei como uma flapper chinesa. Flapper se refere à garota moderna que cresceu na Europa e na América, na década de 1920, e desafia o estilo de vida tradicional. Yang Naimei é boa em atuar como uma mulher indisciplinada, na tela. Ela teve muitos relacionamentos em sua vida. Ela acumulou riqueza e reputação com sua carreira de atriz, que incorpora totalmente as características da flapper. No entanto, a sociedade da época não oferecia espaço suficiente para o desenvolvimento sustentável da geração de mulheres, como Yang Naimei, na vida econômica, política e pessoal. Com a sua juventude passada, ela foi eliminada pela indústria cinematográfica e sofreu com a pobreza e a doença, na segunda metade de sua vida. Tomando Yang Naimei como uma silhueta dos tempos, pode-se refletir sobre as voltas e reviravoltas do caminho de desenvolvimento das mulheres chinesas. Resumo 杨耐梅 (杨耐梅 XX América 1920 tradicional indisciplinada tela atriz entanto econômica pessoal passada doença tempos podese pode chinesas 192 19 1

Abstract: As one of the earliest movie stars in China, Yang Naimei’s life reflects the process of professionalization and modernization of Chinese women in the early 20th century. This study discusses the life practices and significance of Yang Naimei as a Chinese flapper. Flapper refers to the modern girl who arose in Europe and America in the 1920s as a challenge to traditional lifestyles. Yang Naimei fully embodied the characters of the flapper. She often played an unruly woman on the screen, and she had many relationships in her life, accumulating wealth and a reputation with her acting career. However, society at that time did not provide enough space for the sustainable development of the women’s generation, like Yang Naimei, in economic, political and personal life. After the loss of her youth, she was disposed of by the film industry and suffered from poverty and disease in the latter half of her life. Taking Yang Naimei as an illustration of the times can reflect the twists and turns in the treatment of Chinese women offered by the society. Abstract China Naimeis s th century flapper lifestyles screen career However womens generation economic youth

Abstract Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) can serve as a more convenient and economical alternative to heart rate (HR) for exercise intensity control. This study aims to explore the influence of factors, such as indicators of demographic, anthropometric, body composition, cardiovascular function and basic exercise ability on the relationship between HR and RPE, and to develop the model predicting RPE from HR. 48 healthy participants were recruited to perform an incrementally 6-stage pedaling test. HR and RPE were collected during each stage. The influencing factors were identified with the forward selection method to train Gaussian Process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression models. Metrics of R2, adjusted R2 and RMSE were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models. The GPR model outperformed the SVM and linear regression models, and achieved an R2 of 0.95, adjusted R2 of 0.89 and RMSE of 0.52. Indicators of age, resting heart rate (RHR), Central arterial pressure (CAP), body fat rate (BFR) and body mass index (BMI) were identified as factors that best predicted the relationship between RPE and HR. It is possible to use GPR model to estimate RPE from HR accurately, after adjusting for age, RHR, CAP, BFR and BMI. (RPE (HR control demographic anthropometric composition 4 6stage stage 6 test GPR, , (GPR) (SVM models R 095 0 95 0.95 089 89 0.8 052 52 0.52 age RHR (RHR) CAP (CAP) (BFR BMI (BMI accurately (GPR 09 9 0.9 08 8 0. 05 5 0.5 (RHR (CAP

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effects of bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium (MSC-CM) treating diabetic foot ulcers in rats. Methods: Models of T2DM rats were induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ in SD rats. Models of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) were made by operation on hind limbs in diabetic rats. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 for each group), i.e., Normal Control group (NC), Diabetes Control group (DM-C), MSC-CM group and Mesenchymal Stem Cells group (MSCs). MSC-CM group was treated with an injection of conditioned medium derived from preconditioned rats’ bone marrow MSCs around ulcers. MSCs group were treated with an injection of rats’ bone marrow MSCs. The other two groups were treated with an injection of PBS. After the treatment, wound closure, re-epithelialization (thickness of the stratum granulosums of the skin, by H&E staining), cell proliferation (Ki67, by IHC), angiogenesis (CD31, by IFC), autophagy (LC3B, by IFC and WB; autoly-sosome, by EM) and pyroptosis (IL-1β, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD and GSDMD-N, by WB) in ulcers were evaluated. Results: After the treatment wound area rate, IL-1β by ELISA, and IL-1β, Caspase-1, GSDMD and GSDMD-N by WB of MSC-CM group were less than those of DM group. The thickness of the stratum granulosums of the skin, proliferation index of Ki67, mean optic density of CD31 and LC3B by IFC, and LC3B by WB of MSC-CM group were more than those of DM group. The present analysis demonstrated that the injection of MSC-CM into rats with DFUs enhanced the wound-healing process by accelerating wound closure, promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, enhancing cell autophagy, and reducing cell pyroptosis in ulcers. Conclusions: Studies conducted indicate that MSC-CM administration could be a novel cell-free therapeutic approach to treat DFUs accelerating the wound healing process and avoiding the risk of living cells therapy. Objectives marrowderived CellConditioned Cell Conditioned MSCCM MSC CM (MSC-CM Methods TDM T highfat high fat (DFUs n group, , group) ie i e i.e. NC, NC (NC) DMC, DMC C (DM-C) . (MSCs) PBS closure reepithelialization re epithelialization skin HE H E staining, staining staining) Ki67 Ki (Ki67 IHC, IHC IHC) CD31, CD (CD31 IFC) LC3B, LCB LC B (LC3B autolysosome, autolysosome autoly sosome, sosome autoly-sosome EM IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β (IL-1β NLRP3 NLRP Caspase1, Caspase1 Caspase 1, 1 Caspase-1 GSDMDN, GSDMDN N, N evaluated Results rate ELISA CD3 woundhealing Conclusions cellfree free therapy i.e (NC (DM-C (MSCs Ki6 (Ki6 (CD3 Caspase- (Ki (CD

ABSTRACT Drought stress and nutrient deficiency are two main factors that restrict the growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the effects of N fertilizer on root growth and pod yield of peanut under different water conditions are unclear. The growth, root morphology, and pod yield of peanut were studied under different water and N combinations. Two soil water treatments were tested: Well-watered (WW, 80%-85% field capacity) and drought stress conditions (DS, 55%-60% field capacity). Three N treatments were tested: no N application (NN), moderate N (MN, 90 kg ha-1), and high N (HN, 180 kg ha-1). Results showed that pod yield of peanut was limited by drought and N deficiency. Compared with NN, peanut shoot DM and pod yield were improved by MN under DS, with an average increase range of pod yield of 16.2% in the 2 yr. The annual average root length density (RLD) in the deeper soil layer (40-100 cm) was 5.5% higher under DS-MN than DS-NN treatment. The N use efficiency (NUE) was 12.3% higher under WW than DS treatment, and the NUE of MN was significantly higher than that of HN under different water treatments. Root lengths in 40-60 and 60-80 cm soil layers were also positively correlated with pod yield (r = 0.66** and 0.47**, respectively) and NUE (r = 0.60* and 0.85**, respectively). In this study, root growth in deeper soil was improved by MN application under DS, thus increasing yield and NUE of DS conditions.

Abstract Pristimerin (Pri) was a kind of extraction from natural plant, and it has anti- inflammation effects in previous studies, however, it has been unclear that Pri’s effect in renal fibrosis treatment. The purpose of this research was to evaluate pristimerin (Pri) treatment effects in renal fibrosis and relative mechanisms in vivo study. Using UUO and TGF-β1 to make renal fibrosis rats and HK-2 cell fibrosis model. Evaluating renal tissues pathological and fibrosis by HE and Masson staining; measuring Scr and BUN concentrations of serum, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA concentrations by ELISA assay in serum and supernatant. Relative gene expressions were measured by RT-qPCR assay in renal tissues and cells and relative proteins expression by WB assay. Using Double luciferase assay to analysis correlation between miRNA-145-5p and TLR4. NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume were evaluated by cellular immunofluorescence. Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA concentrations were significantly increased and SOD concentration was significantly down-regulation (P < 0.001) in Model rats group; miRNA-145-5p gene expression was significantly depressed, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65) gene expressions were significantly increased (P < 0.001, respectively); with Pri supplement, the renal pathological, masson region, Scr, BUN, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD and MDA were significantly improved. In cell experiment, miRNA-145-5p play important role in Pri treatment of renal fibrosis by targeting TLR4. Pri could improve renal fibrosis by via regulation miRNA-145-5p to target TLR4.

Abstract To analysis the main clinical symptoms and causative hazards of foodborne disease outbreaks to provide a reference for the prevention, control, and early warning of foodborne diseases. 2,919 FBDs cases were collected and summarised through the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) surveillance system. Foodborne diseases were detected according to national standards. Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 12.0 were used for data descriptive analysis. The mean±standard deviation was used to describe the numerical variables, and the frequency and composition ratio were used to describe the classification variables. There were 2,919 FBDs cases included in the analysis. The highest number of cases occurred among students (41.49%) and farmers (22.85%). The months of August (398,13.63%), September (333,11.41%) and July (330,11.31%) accounted for most cases. The two most frequent pathogens supported by laboratory confirmation are Norovirus and Salmonella. The major symptoms of illness were diarrhoea (97.64%), fever (27.95%), abdominal pain (24.67%), vomiting (22.30%), and nausea (13.7%). This study revealed epidemiological characteristics of FBDs and identified some higher risk factors for interventions. Salmonella and Norovirus were the main pathogens. Foods from catering service settings and animal foods were the factors most likely to contribute to foodborne diseases. Most cases of intoxication and outbreaks were related to wild mushrooms.

Abstract We sought to explore the relationship between renal lesion features and genetic mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients. TSC patients with renal lesions were subjected to TSC1/2 gene next-generation sequencing (NGS). TSC1/2 mutation types and imaging examinations were screened for combined analysis of genetic and clinical features. Seventy-three probands among TSC patients with renal lesions were included. Twenty affected relatives were also included. In total, 93 patients were included. Eighty patients (86.0%) had bilateral renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs), and one had epithelioid AML. Two patients had polycystic kidney disease, one had renal cell carcinoma, and one had Wilms tumor. Among the 73 probands, four had TSC1 mutations, 53 had TSC2 mutations, and 16 had no mutations identified (NMI). There was no statistically significant difference between TSC1 mutation, TSC2 mutation and NMI group (P= 0.309), or between familial and sporadic groups (P= 0.775) when considering AML size. There was no statistically significant difference between pathogenic/likely pathogenic and benign/likely benign/NMI groups (P= 0.363) or among patients with different mutation types of TSC2 (P= 0.906). The relationship between the conditions of TSC gene mutations and the severity of renal lesions still needs more analysis. Patients with NMI, particularly those with familial disease, need more attention because the pathogenesis remains unknown.

ABSTRACT Urban areas are important contributors to the increase of global CO2 levels due to human activities, but continuous records of CO2 concentration in cities are scarce, especially in the developing world. In this study we present five years of simultaneous, in-situ measurements at a university campus in the south of Mexico City (UNAM) and at a high-altitude station, the Altzomoni atmospheric observatory (ALTZ), 60 km apart from the first site. The characteristics of the daily cycles, seasonality, and long-term trends were extracted from both time series. The features of the daily and seasonal cycles at UNAM are dominated by the dynamics of the boundary layer growth, while the seasonality at Altzomoni is determined by both the local meteorology and the photosynthetic activity of the vegetation. Annual CO2 growth rates of 2.4 and 2.6 ppm yr-1 were estimated for UNAM and Altzomoni, respectively, in close agreement with reported global growth rates and with previous estimates of total column CO2 trends. The simultaneous monitoring at the urban and the mountain sites revealed a regular exchange of air masses between the city and its vicinities. The annual cycle at UNAM shows a secondary CO2 maximum at the end of the dry season, the source of which is yet to be determined, but likely due to incoming air parcels enriched with emissions from agricultural burnings. Likewise, the daily CO2 cycle at ALTZ during the dry season shows evidence of a daily afternoon arrival of polluted air masses from the neighboring urban areas. This study lays the foundation of an upcoming expansion in the CO2 measurement sites and capabilities in the metropolitan area of Mexico City.

RESUMEN Las áreas urbanas son importantes contribuyentes al aumento de los niveles globales de CO2 debido a las actividades humanas, pero los registros continuos de concentración de CO2 en las ciudades son escasos, especialmente en el mundo en vías de desarrollo. En este estudio presentamos cinco años de mediciones simultáneas in situ en un campus universitario en el sur de la Ciudad de México (UNAM) y en una estación a gran altura, el observatorio atmosférico Altzomoni (ALTZ), a 60 km de distancia del primer sitio. Las características de los ciclos diarios, la estacionalidad y las tendencias a largo plazo se extrajeron de ambas series de tiempo. El ciclo diario y estacional en la UNAM están dominados por la dinámica del crecimiento de la capa límite, mientras que la estacionalidad en Altzomoni está determinada tanto por la meteorología local como por la actividad fotosintética de la vegetación. Se estimaron tasas de crecimiento anual de CO2 de 2.4 y 2.6 ppm año-1 para UNAM y ALTZ, respectivamente, en estrecha concordancia con las tasas de crecimiento global reportadas y con estimaciones previas de las tendencias de la fracción molar seca de CO2 en columna. El monitoreo simultáneo en los sitios urbano y de montaña reveló un intercambio regular de masas de aire entre la ciudad y sus alrededores. El ciclo anual en la UNAM muestra un máximo de CO2 secundario al final de la estación seca cuya fuente aún no se ha determinado, pero que probablemente esté asociado con el arribo de parcelas de aire enriquecidas con emisiones de quemas agrícolas. Asimismo, el ciclo diario de CO2 en ALTZ durante la estación seca muestra evidencia de una llegada vespertina de masas de aire contaminado de las áreas urbanas vecinas. Este estudio sienta las bases de una próxima expansión en los sitios y capacidades de medición de CO2 en el área metropolitana de la Ciudad de México.

Abstract Superoxide dismutase proteins (SODs) are antioxidant enzymes with important roles in abiotic stress responses. The SOD gene family has been systematically analyzed in many plants; however, it is still poorly understood in maize. Here, a bioinformatics analysis of maize SOD gene family was conducted by describing gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, gene duplications, promoter cis-elements and GO annotations. In total, 13 SOD genes were identified in maize and five members were involved in segmental duplication. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SODs from maize and other plants comprised two groups, which could be further classified into different subgroups, with most members in the same subgroup having the same subcellular localization. The ZmSOD promoters contained 2-10 stress-responsive cis-elements with different distributions. Heatmap analysis indicated that ZmSODs were expressed in most of the detected tissues and organs. The expression patterns of ZmSODs were investigated under drought and salt treatments by qRT-PCR, and most members were responsive to drought or salt stress, especially some ZmSODs with significant expression changes were identified, such as ZmCSD2 and ZmMSD2, suggesting the important roles of ZmSODs in abiotic stress responses. Our results provide an important basis for further functional study of ZmSODs in future study.