To discover new bisamide compounds with insecticidal and fungicidal activities, 19 novel cyproflanilide derivatives containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole group were designed and synthesized according to the principle of biologically active factor splicing. Preliminary biological assay data indicated that the majority of target compounds demonstrated significant insecticidal activity against Lepidopteran pests. Meanwhile, compounds 5p and 5q showed 97.22 and 100% lethality against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 400 mg L-1, which were better than cyproflanilide (41.11% at 400 mg L-1). In addition, it is exciting that we have achieved our initial goals as some of the target compounds exhibited both insecticidal and fungicidal activities. For instance, compounds 5b and 5c showed 59.26 and 74.07% fungicidal activities against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1, as well as 100% insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella and armyworm at 100 mg L-1. Compound 5h showed 100% insecticidal activity against armyworm at 10 mg L-1, and also displayed 66.67% fungicidal activity against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1. The inhibition rate of compounds 5l and 5s against Cucumber downy mildew reached 88.89 and 96.30% at 400 mg L-1. This work showed the effectively fungicidal application of 1,2,4-oxadiazole group in bisamide compounds and provides insights for optimal structural design. 1 1,2,4oxadiazole 124oxadiazole oxadiazole 1,2,4 2 4 splicing pests Meanwhile p q 9722 97 22 97.2 40 L1, L1 L 1, L-1 41.11% 4111 41 11 (41.11 L1. . L-1) addition instance b c 5926 59 26 59.2 7407 74 07 74.07 1. h 6667 66 67 66.67 l s 8889 88 89 88.8 9630 96 30 96.30 design 4oxadiazole 124 1,2, 972 9 97. L- 41.11 411 (41.1 592 5 59. 740 7 0 74.0 666 6 66.6 888 8 88. 963 3 96.3 12 1,2 41.1 (41. 74. 66. 96. 41. (41 (4 (

Abstract Background The treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) has been the focus of clinical research, and behavioral intervention is considered an indispensable treatment method. To our knowledge, no relevant meta-analysis has evaluated the effects of behavioral interventions on atopic dermatitis. Objectives To evaluate the effects of behavioral interventions on atopic dermatitis. Methods The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL to retrieve relevant RCTs (up to Feb 2022). The search strategy involved a combination of related keywords. The Cochrane Q and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Results Six RCTs involving seven reports with 246 patients were included. The results suggested that behavioral interventions could relieve eczema severity (correlation coefficient [r = −0.39]; p < 0.001) and scratching severity significantly (r = −0.19; p = 0.017), while not affect itching intensity (r = −0.02; p = 0.840). A sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Study limitations An important limitation of this study was the insufficient number of RCTs and the limited sample size. In addition, the study lacked a control group receiving a type of intervention other than the experimental protocol. Another limitation was the short duration of follow-up. Conclusions This study suggests that behavioral interventions could be effective in treating atopic dermatitis by reducing eczema and scratching severity. Additionally, habit-reversal behavioral therapy may be more effective for treating atopic dermatitis. AD (AD research method knowledge metaanalysis meta PubMed EMBASE up 2022. 2022 . 2022) keywords I heterogeneity 24 included correlation r −0.39 039 0 39 −0.39] 0.001 0001 001 −0.19 019 19 0.017, 0017 0.017 , 017 0.017) −0.02 002 02 0.840. 0840 0.840 840 0.840) size addition protocol followup. followup follow up. follow-up Additionally habitreversal habit reversal 202 2 −0.3 03 3 0.00 000 00 −0.1 01 1 0.01 −0.0 084 0.84 84 20 −0. 0.0 08 0.8 8 −0 0. −

This work is based on the precursor compound cyproflanilide and designs a series of methoxy containing meta-diamine compounds. By replacing the fluorine atom on the phenyl ring in cyproflanilide with methoxy group, 17 derivatives (12a-12q) were obtained with yields ranging from 46 to 92%, which were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) spectroscopy and infrared. The insecticidal activities were evaluated against the Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera frugiperda. Compound N-(3-((2-bromopropane-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl))-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl)-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6-fluoronicotinamide (12q) showed significant insecticidal activity against the Plutella xylostella with a mortality rate of 97.67% at a concentration of 1 mg L-1. It also exhibited moderate activity against the Spodoptera frugiperda at a concentration of 0.1 mg L-1, which can be used as a template for structure modification to obtain higher insecticidal activity. metadiamine meta diamine compounds group 12a12q aq 12a 12q q (12a-12q 4 92 92% highresolution high resolution spectrometry 1H H 13C C infrared N32bromopropane4perfluoropropan2yl6trifluoromethylphenylmethoxyphenylNcyclopropylmethyl6fluoronicotinamide NbromopropaneperfluoropropanyltrifluoromethylphenylmethoxyphenylNcyclopropylmethylfluoronicotinamide N 3 2 bromopropane perfluoropropan yl 6 trifluoromethyl methoxyphenyl cyclopropylmethyl fluoronicotinamide (12q 9767 97 67 97.67 L1. L1 L 1. L-1 01 0 0. L1, 1, 9 trifluoromethylphenylmethoxyphenylNcyclopropylmethyl 976 97.6 L- 97.

Abstract The incidences of periodontitis and osteoporosis are rising worldwide. Observational studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to genetically investigate the causality of periodontitis on osteoporosis. We explored the causal effect of periodontitis on osteoporosis by MR analysis. A total of 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were related to periodontitis. The primary approach in this MR analysis was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. Simple median, weighted median, and penalized weighted median were used to analyze sensitivity. The fixed-effect IVW model and random-effect IVW model showed no significant causal effect of genetically predicted periodontitis on the risk of osteoporosis (OR=1.032; 95%CI: 0.923-1.153; P=0.574; OR=1.032; 95%CI: 0.920-1.158; P=0.588, respectively). Similar results were observed in simple mode (OR=1.031; 95%CI: 0.780-1.361, P=0.835), weighted mode (OR=1.120; 95%CI: 0.944-1.328, P=0.229), simple median (OR=1.003; 95%CI: 0.839-1.197, P=0.977), weighted median (OR=1.078; 95%CI: 0.921-1.262, P=0.346), penalized weight median (OR 1.078; 95%CI: 0.919-1.264, P=0.351), and MR-Egger method (OR=1.360; 95%CI: 0.998-1.853, P=0.092). There was no heterogeneity in the IVW and MR-Egger analyses (Q=7.454, P=0.489 and Q=3.901, P=0.791, respectively). MR-Egger regression revealed no evidence of a pleiotropic influence through genetic variants (intercept: -0.004; P=0.101). The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis indicated no driven influence of any individual SNP on the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis. The Mendelian randomization analysis did not show a significant detrimental effect of periodontitis on the risk of osteoporosis. worldwide (MR (SNP varianceweighted variance (IVW fixedeffect fixed randomeffect random OR=1.032 OR1032 OR 1 032 (OR=1.032 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.9231.153 09231153 0.923 1.153 0 923 153 0.923-1.153 P=0.574 P0574 P 574 0.9201.158 09201158 0.920 1.158 920 158 0.920-1.158 P0588 588 P=0.588 respectively. respectively . respectively) OR=1.031 OR1031 031 (OR=1.031 0.7801.361, 07801361 0.780 1.361, 780 361 0.780-1.361 P=0.835, P0835 P=0.835 , 835 P=0.835) OR=1.120 OR1120 120 (OR=1.120 0.9441.328, 09441328 0.944 1.328, 944 328 0.944-1.328 P=0.229, P0229 P=0.229 229 P=0.229) OR=1.003 OR1003 003 (OR=1.003 0.8391.197, 08391197 0.839 1.197, 839 197 0.839-1.197 P=0.977, P0977 P=0.977 977 P=0.977) OR=1.078 OR1078 078 (OR=1.078 0.9211.262, 09211262 0.921 1.262, 921 262 0.921-1.262 P=0.346, P0346 P=0.346 346 P=0.346) 1.078 1078 0.9191.264, 09191264 0.919 1.264, 919 264 0.919-1.264 P=0.351, P0351 P=0.351 351 P=0.351) MREgger Egger OR=1.360 OR1360 360 (OR=1.360 0.9981.853, 09981853 0.998 1.853, 998 853 0.998-1.853 P=0.092. P0092 P=0.092 092 P=0.092) Q=7.454, Q7454 Q 7 454 (Q=7.454 P0489 489 P=0.48 Q3901 3 901 Q=3.901 P0791 791 P=0.791 intercept (intercept 0.004 0004 004 -0.004 P=0.101. P0101 P=0.101 101 P=0.101) leaveoneout leave one out OR=1.03 OR103 03 (OR=1.03 9231 0.9231.15 0923115 0923 0.92 1153 1.15 92 15 0.923-1.15 P=0.57 P057 57 9201 0.9201.15 0920115 0920 1158 0.920-1.15 P058 58 P=0.58 7801 0.7801.361 0780136 0780 0.78 1361 1.361 78 36 0.780-1.36 P083 P=0.83 83 OR=1.12 OR112 12 (OR=1.12 9441 0.9441.328 0944132 0944 0.94 1328 1.328 94 32 0.944-1.32 P022 P=0.22 22 OR=1.00 OR100 00 (OR=1.00 8391 0.8391.197 0839119 0839 0.83 1197 1.197 19 0.839-1.19 P097 P=0.97 97 OR=1.07 OR107 07 (OR=1.07 9211 0.9211.262 0921126 0921 1262 1.262 26 0.921-1.26 P034 P=0.34 34 1.07 107 9191 0.9191.264 0919126 0919 0.91 1264 1.264 91 0.919-1.26 P035 P=0.35 35 OR=1.36 OR136 (OR=1.36 9981 0.9981.853 0998185 0998 0.99 1853 1.853 99 85 0.998-1.85 P009 P=0.09 09 Q=7.454 Q745 45 (Q=7.45 P048 48 P=0.4 Q390 90 Q=3.90 P079 79 P=0.79 0.00 000 -0.00 P010 P=0.10 10 OR=1.0 OR10 (OR=1.0 0.9231.1 092311 0.9 115 1.1 0.923-1.1 P=0.5 P05 5 0.9201.1 092011 0.920-1.1 0.7801.36 078013 0.7 136 1.36 0.780-1.3 P08 P=0.8 8 OR=1.1 OR11 (OR=1.1 0.9441.32 094413 094 132 1.32 0.944-1.3 P02 P=0.2 2 0.8391.19 083911 083 0.8 119 1.19 0.839-1.1 P09 P=0.9 0.9211.26 092112 126 1.26 0.921-1.2 P03 P=0.3 1.0 0.9191.26 091912 091 0.919-1.2 OR=1.3 OR13 (OR=1.3 0.9981.85 099818 099 185 1.85 0.998-1.8 P00 P=0.0 Q=7.45 Q74 4 (Q=7.4 P04 P=0. Q39 Q=3.9 P07 P=0.7 0.0 -0.0 P01 P=0.1 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 0.9231. 09231 0. 11 1. 0.923-1. P0 0.9201. 09201 0.920-1. 0.7801.3 07801 13 1.3 0.780-1. 0.9441.3 09441 0.944-1. 0.8391.1 08391 08 0.839-1. 0.9211.2 09211 1.2 0.921-1. 0.9191.2 09191 0.919-1. 0.9981.8 09981 18 1.8 0.998-1. Q=7.4 Q7 (Q=7. P=0 Q3 Q=3. -0. OR=1 (OR=1 0.9231 0.923-1 0.9201 0.920-1 0.7801. 0.780-1 0.9441. 0.944-1 0.8391. 0.839-1 0.9211. 0.921-1 0.9191. 0.919-1 0.9981. 0.998-1 Q=7. (Q=7 P= Q=3 -0 OR= (OR= 0.923- 0.920- 0.7801 0.780- 0.9441 0.944- 0.8391 0.839- 0.9211 0.921- 0.9191 0.919- 0.9981 0.998- Q=7 (Q= Q= - (Q

Resumo Fundamento Não existem estudos randomizados comparando a manutenção do ritmo sinusal após ablação por cateter (AC) em relação ao tratamento com fármacos antiarrítmicos (AA) em pacientes idosos portadores fibrilação atrial (FA) paroxística. Objetivos Comparar os resultados clínicos do isolamento das veias pulmonares (VPs) com o cateter PVAC Gold de segunda geração com o uso de AA em idosos com FA paroxística sintomática, recorrente, apesar do uso de fármacos AA. Métodos Sessenta pacientes com FA paroxística ≥ 65 anos e sem cardiopatias estruturais foram randomizados para duas formas de tratamento: grupo 1: AC e grupo 2: AA. O desfecho primário foi a taxa livre de recorrência de FA após pelo menos um ano de seguimento. Os desfechos secundários foram: progressão para formas persistentes de FA, impacto na qualidade de vida (QVFA) e complicações. O nível de significância adotado na análise estatística foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados A taxa livre de recorrência de FA foi de 80% (10% com amiodarona) no grupo AC, após 1,3 procedimentos por paciente e de 65% no grupo AA (60% com amiodarona), (p = 0,119) num seguimento médio de 719 dias (Q1: 566; Q3: 730). A taxa livre de FA persistente foi de 83,4% no grupo AC e de 67,7% no grupo AA (p = 0,073). Ambas as estratégias apresentaram melhora no escore de QVFA durante o seguimento (p < 0,001), sem diferença entre os grupos. Embora sem repercussão clínica ou impacto no teste de avaliação intelectual, 25% dos pacientes do grupo PVAC apresentou sinais de embolização cerebral na RNM cerebral. Conclusões Ambas as estratégias para manutenção do ritmo sinusal promoveram melhora na qualidade de vida de pacientes idosos com FA sintomática, sem diferença estatística nos desfechos clínicos preconizados. Estudos adicionais usando tecnologias com melhor perfil de segurança são necessários para avaliar os benefícios da AC em pacientes idosos com FA. (AC (AA (FA VPs (VPs sintomática recorrente 6 1 2 (QVFA complicações 5 p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 0 05 (p<0,05) 80 10% 10 (10 amiodarona 13 3 1, 60% 60 (60 amiodarona, , 0,119 0119 119 71 Q1 Q (Q1 566 Q3 730. 730 730) 834 83 4 83,4 677 67 7 67,7 0,073. 0073 0,073 073 0,073) 0,001, 0001 0,001 001 0,001) grupos intelectual 25 preconizados p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 8 (1 (6 0,11 011 11 (Q 56 73 83, 67, 007 0,07 07 000 0,00 00 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 ( 0,1 01 0,0 p<0 (p<0, 0, p< (p<0 (p<

Abstract Background There are no randomized studies comparing the maintenance of sinus rhythm after catheter ablation (CA) concerning treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs (AA) in elderly patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Objectives To compare the clinical results of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with the second-generation PVAC Gold catheter against AA treatment in elderly people with recurrent symptomatic paroxysmal AF, refractory to at least one AA, and without structural heart disease. Methods Sixty patients with paroxysmal AF ≥ 65 years old were randomized to two forms of treatment: group 1: CA and group 2: AA drugs. The primary outcome was the AF recurrence-free rate after at least one year of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were: progression to persistent forms of AF, impact on quality of life (QOLF), and complications. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5% (p<0.05). Results The AF recurrence-free rate was 80% (10% with amiodarone) in the CA group, after 1.3 procedures per patient and 65% in the AA group (60% with amiodarone), (p = 0.119) in an average follow-up of 719 days (Q1: 566; Q3: 730). The persistent AF free rate was 83.4% in the AC group and 67.7% in the AA group (p = 0.073) Both strategies showed an improvement in the AFQoL score during follow-up (p < 0.001), with no difference between the groups. Although without clinical repercussions or impact on the intellectual assessment test, 25% of patients in the CA group showed signs of cerebral embolization on brain MRI. Conclusions Both strategies for maintaining sinus rhythm promoted an improvement in the quality of life of elderly patients with symptomatic AF, with no statistical difference in the clinical outcomes. Additional studies using technologies with a better safety profile are needed to evaluate the benefits of CA in elderly patients with AF. (CA (AA . (AF) PV (PV secondgeneration second generation disease 6 1 2 recurrencefree recurrence followup. followup follow up. up QOLF, QOLF , (QOLF) complications 5 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) 80 10% 10 (10 amiodarone 13 3 1. 60% 60 (60 amiodarone, 0.119 0119 119 71 Q1 Q (Q1 566 Q3 730. 730 730) 834 83 4 83.4 677 67 7 67.7 0.073 0073 073 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) groups test 25 MRI (AF (QOLF p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 8 (1 (6 0.11 011 11 (Q 56 73 83. 67. 0.07 007 07 000 0.00 00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 ( 0.1 01 0.0 p<0 (p<0. 0. p< (p<0 (p<

Abstract Aim: Using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and the occurrence of parenteral malignancies, in order to provide some reference for the parenteral malignancy prevention in patients with IBD. Methods: This was a two-sample MR study based on independent genetic variants strongly linked to IBD selected from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) meta-analysis carried out by the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC). Parenteral malignancy cases and controls were obtained from the FinnGen consortium and the UK Biobank (UKB) release data. Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and strength test (F) were utilized to explore the causal association of IBD with parenteral malignancies. In addition, Cochran’s Q statistic was performed to quantify the heterogeneity of Instrumental Variables (IVs). Results: The estimates of IVW showed that patients with IBD had higher odds of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR = 1.2450, 95% CI: 1.0311‒1.5034). UC had potential causal associations with non-melanoma skin cancer (all p < 0.05), melanoma (OR = 1.0280, 95% CI: 0.9860‒1.0718), and skin cancer (OR = 1.0004, 95% CI: 1.0001‒1.0006). Also, having CD was associated with higher odds of non-melanoma skin cancer (all p < 0.05) and skin cancer (OR = 1.0287, 95% CI: 1.0022‒1.0559). In addition, results of pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests indicated these results are relatively robust. Conclusions: IBD has potential causal associations with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and skin cancers, which may provide some information on the prevention of parenteral malignancies in patients with IBD. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms of the effect of IBD on skin cancers. Aim (MR (IBD Methods twosample two sample GenomeWide Genome Wide GWAS (GWAS metaanalysis meta IIBDGC. IIBDGC . (IIBDGC) UKB (UKB data IVW, , (IVW) median MREgger, MREgger Egger, Egger MR-Egger F (F addition Cochrans Cochran s IVs. IVs (IVs) Results Bcell B cell OR 12450 1 2450 1.2450 95 CI 1.0311‒1.5034. 1031115034 1.0311‒1.5034 0311 5034 1.0311‒1.5034) nonmelanoma non all 0.05, 005 0.05 0 05 10280 0280 1.0280 0.9860‒1.0718, 0986010718 0.9860‒1.0718 9860 0718 0.9860‒1.0718) 10004 0004 1.0004 1.0001‒1.0006. 1000110006 1.0001‒1.0006 0001 0006 1.0001‒1.0006) Also 10287 0287 1.0287 1.0022‒1.0559. 1002210559 1.0022‒1.0559 0022 0559 1.0022‒1.0559) robust Conclusions cancers Moreover (IIBDGC (IVW (IVs 1245 245 1.245 9 103111503 1.0311‒1.503 031 503 00 0.0 1028 028 1.028 098601071 0.9860‒1.071 986 071 1000 000 1.000 100011000 1.0001‒1.000 100221055 1.0022‒1.055 002 055 124 24 1.24 10311150 1.0311‒1.50 03 50 0. 102 02 1.02 09860107 0.9860‒1.07 98 07 100 1.00 10001100 1.0001‒1.00 10022105 1.0022‒1.05 12 2 1.2 1031115 1.0311‒1.5 5 10 1.0 0986010 0.9860‒1.0 1000110 1.0001‒1.0 1002210 1.0022‒1.0 1. 103111 1.0311‒1. 098601 0.9860‒1. 100011 1.0001‒1. 100221 1.0022‒1. 10311 1.0311‒1 09860 0.9860‒1 10001 1.0001‒1 10022 1.0022‒1 1031 1.0311‒ 0986 0.9860‒ 1.0001‒ 1002 1.0022‒ 103 1.0311 098 0.9860 1.0001 1.0022 1.031 09 0.986 1.002 1.03 0.98 0.9

Abstract Objectives: Allergic diseases and Meniere’s disease found to have a possible link in observational study. However, the potential causal relationship between the two is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the causal relationship between allergic diseases and Meniere’s disease using a new data analysis technique called bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Method: Summary-level statistics for Meniere’s disease and three allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema/dermatitis) were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the primary measure, supplemented by MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method. To ensure the reliability of the conclusions, Cochran’s Q, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO test, leave-one-out test, and MR Steiger test were used. Results: Inverse-variance weighted method showed asthma (p = 0.008, OR = 3.908, 95% CI 1.424 − 10.724, adjust p = 0.024), allergic rhinitis (p = 0.026, OR = 24.714, 95% CI 1.479 − 412.827, adjust_p = 0.026) and eczema/dermatitis (p = 0.019, OR = 3725.954, 95% CI 3.795 to 3,658,399.580, adjust_p = 0.029) all had a significant effect on Meniere’s disease. Reverse Mendelian randomization studies have shown that Meniere’s disease does not increase the risk of three allergic diseases. Sensitivity analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity for each trait. Conclusion: Our Mendelian randomization analysis supports a positive causal relationship between three allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema/dermatitis) and Meniere’s disease. This suggests that physicians should pay more attention to the Meniere’s patient’s allergy history and consider allergy avoidance as part of their treatment plan. Level of evidence: Mendelian Randomized (MR) studies are second only to randomized controlled trials in terms of the level of evidence. Objectives Menieres Meniere s study However unclear Therefore Method Summarylevel Summary asthma, (asthma eczemadermatitis eczema dermatitis largescale large scale genomewide genome wide measure MREgger Egger conclusions Cochrans Cochran Q intercept MRPRESSO PRESSO leaveoneout leave one out Results Inversevariance Inverse 0008 0 008 0.008 3908 3 908 3.908 95 1424 1 424 1.42 10724 10 724 10.724 0.024, 0024 0.024 , 024 0.024) 0026 026 0.026 24714 24 714 24.714 1479 479 1.47 412827 412 827 412.827 adjustp 0019 019 0.019 3725954 3725 954 3725.954 3795 795 3.79 3658399580 658 399 580 3,658,399.580 0.029 0029 029 trait Conclusion patients patient plan evidence (MR 000 00 0.00 390 90 3.90 9 142 42 1.4 1072 72 10.72 002 0.02 02 2471 2 71 24.71 147 47 41282 41 82 412.82 001 01 0.01 372595 372 3725.95 379 79 3.7 365839958 65 39 58 3,658,399.58 0.0 3.9 14 4 1. 107 7 10.7 247 24.7 4128 8 412.8 37259 37 3725.9 3. 36583995 6 5 3,658,399.5 0. 10. 24. 412. 3725. 3658399 3,658,399. 365839 3,658,399 36583 3,658,39 3658 3,658,3 365 3,658, 36 3,658 3,65 3,6 3,

ABSTRACT Gut microbiota plays an important role in animal health, production and diseases. Little is known about whether heat stress alters the composition of quail gut microbiota; therefore, we studied the effects of heat stress on growth performance, antioxidant functions, heat shock proteins and caecal microbiota. Two groups of 40 (20-day-old) quails were set up, including a control reared at 24 ± 2°C and a heat stress group subjected to heat stress at 36 ± 2°C for 4 h per day for 7 consecutive days. We found that heat stress significantly elevated the relative expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA in the thymus, bursa and spleen by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay, indicating successful establishment of the experimental model. Heat stress was found to have an effect on gut microbiota composition. At the genus level, Alistipes were significantly increased in the heat stress group. PICRUSt2 function prediction revealed that most of the KEGG pathways with high temperature-induced abundance differences are metabolism-related. These data indicated that heat stress reduced the production performance of quails by affecting antioxidant functions, as well as the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota. The results of this study provide technical information for conducting research on heat stress prevention and control techniques in quails. health diseases therefore functions 20dayold dayold 20 old (20-day-old up 2 2C C 3 days HSP HSP7 HSP9 thymus realtime real time assay model level PICRUSt temperatureinduced temperature induced metabolismrelated. metabolismrelated metabolism related. related metabolism-related

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) to the basal diets of chickens at late laying period on clutch trait, reproductive organs, serum reproductive hormones and reproduction-related genes expression. A total of 350 hens (37 weeks old) with similar laying rate and clutch trait were randomly allocated into five groups, and fed 0 (Control, CON), 2.5 (MOLP2.5), 5, 7.5 and 10% MOLP supplemented diets for 6 weeks. The hens supplemented with 2.5% MLOP had the average clutch length, clutches and clutch intensity close to those in CON. The numbers and weight of hierarchal follicle were significantly increased at the supplementation 2.5% MOLP group. The estrogen concentration was highest in MOLP2.5 group and lowest in MOLP10 group. Expression levels of steroidogenesis-related genes of StAR and Cyp19a1 were higher in MOLP2.5, MOLP5 and MOLP7.5 groups compared with that in the control. These findings suggested that dietary supplementation with 2.5% MOLP effectively increased hierarchal follicle numbers, estrogen level and gene expression of StAR and Cyp19a1, which has a potential beneficial effect on laying performance in laying chicken.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the intestinal mucosal structure and immune cells of broilers infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. 160 1-d-old commercial Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly selected to receive one of four treatments, each of which had 5 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 8 chicks subjected to a 21-d feeding trial. Group I served as the unchallenged (CON). All birds in groups II (SCC) - IV were challenged with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis. The birds in groups III and IV were treated with 0.5% and 1.0% Gln. The results showed that S. Enteritidis infection led to a decrease in the relative length and weight, villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) of the jejunum and ileum, the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte cells, and number of goblet cells and an increase in the number of mast goblet cells compared with the measurements of these parameters in the CON group (p<0.05). In addition, the Gln groups had increased relative length and weight, VH:CD of the jejunum and ileum, numbers of intraepithelial lymphocyte cells, and numbers of goblet cells and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum and numbers of mast goblet cells compared with the measurements of these parameters in the SCC group (p<0.05). It was concluded that Gln added to broiler diets can effectively alleviate the intestinal mucosal damage caused by S. Enteritidis infection and improve its normal defense barrier function.

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted on one-day-old broilers to investigate the effects of methionine deficiency on B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgA, IgG, IgM) in the cecal tonsil of Cobb broiler chicken. Methods including immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) were used, and the study lasted for 6 weeks. It was found that the IgA+ B lymphocytes mainly existed in the diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphoid follicles of the cecal tonsil. The data indicated that the number of IgA+ B lymphocytes was decreased in the methionine deficiency group, and the WB and qRT-PCR results suggested that the protein and mRNA expression of CD19 were reduced in the methionine deficiency group. Besides, the contents of sIgA, IgA, IgG and IgM determined by ELISA decreased in the methionine deficiency group. It could be concluded that methionine deficiency exerts significantly negative effects on the humoral immune function of the intestinal mucosal immunity.

ABSTRACT The aim was to investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on broilers challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. 240 1-day-old birds were divided into four groups in a completely randomized design, each of which included 6 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. Group I served as the unchallenged, untreated control (CON). All birds in groups II (SCC) - IV were challenged with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis. Birds in group III and IV were treated with 0.5% (Gln 1) and 1.0% (Gln 2), respectively, of Gln. The results indicated that S. Enteritidis infection led to a decrease in the average body weight at d 7, 14, and 21 (p<0.05). Chickens fed the Gln showed improved average body weights in comparison with the SCC group (p<0.05). At d 4, 7, 14, and 21, the Gln groups increased digestive enzyme (trypsin, lipase and amylase (except the amylase activity of jejunum at d 14 and d 21)) activities in the intestine (p<0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (at d 14 jejunum; except at d 4, ileum) and catalase (CAT) (at d 4, and d 21, jejunum; d 4, ileum) activity in the serum (except at d 14) and intestinal mucosa (p<0.05), and the mRNA expression of SOD, CAT and nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) of the intestinal mucosa compared with the SCC group (p<0.05). These results suggest that Gln as a feed additive could be effective for reducing the detrimental effects of S. Enteritidis infection of broilers.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to establish dietary threonine (Thr) levels for Linwu ducks, aged 4 to 8 wk. Experimental diets formulated to contain 0.56, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, and 0.81% Thr fed to Linwu ducks. A total of 360 healthy Linwu female ducks with similar body weight (1183.89±3.83 g) were randomly divided into six groups, with five replicates in each group, and 12 ducks in each replicate. Samples were collected at 8 wk for the determination of growth performance, carcass traits, visceral organ indices, and serum biochemical parameters. As a result of this study, Thr level had no significant influence on the final weight, the daily gain, feed/gain ratio, and average daily intake (p>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant effects of dietary Thr on carcass traits and visceral organ indices (p>0.05). The pancreatic index was highest among all the treatments when the dietary Thr level was 0.66%. The different dietary Thr levels had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the concentration of total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH). However, the serum MDA concentration in the 0.66% treatment was lower (P=0.068) than in the other treatments. In conclusion, Thr at 0.66% concentration may have an antioxidant activity and exert positive effect on Linwu ducks.

ABSTRACT Aim: To investigate the radiographic anatomical characters of the bones in the fractured calcaneus by using tangential X-rays. Methods: Fifty-seven patients (114 sides) with normal calcaneus and thirty patients (42 sides) with fractured calcaneus were radiographed along the line connecting the midpoint of the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads with the lateral margin of the corpus calcanei. The anatomical characters of the calcaneus on the tangential X-ray views were analysed, including radius and fractal geometry. Results: On a tangential X-ray view of the fractured calcaneus, the projection of sustentaculum tali resembled a duck beak, which was just under the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint. The corpus calcanei appeared oval, which was just under the talocalcaneal joint articular surface. The lateral calcaneal wall did not exceed the vertical line extending from medial of the lateral malleolar fossa (the Z-W line). From the scan picture, the fractured calcaneus seemed to be widened as its lateral wall crossed the Z-W line. The longitudinal axis of this oval-shaped projection was 3.52 ± 0.41 cm (a), the horizontal axis was 2.56 ± 0.28 cm (b), and the a/b ratio was 1.40 ± 0.11. In the normal calcaneus, the a/b ratio is higher than 1.40 and the differences of the values in these two groups were significant. Therefore, the a/b ratio of the calcaneal oval-shaped projection can be used to evaluate the degree of its deformity after fracture. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the tangential X-ray view of the calcaneus can be used to evaluate its radiographic anatomy and to measure the radii of the oval-shaped corpus calcanei.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar las características anátomo-radiográficas de los huesos en el calcáneo fracturado, mediante el uso de rayos x tangenciales. Métodos: Cincuenta y siete pacientes (114 lados) con calcáneo normal y treinta pacientes (42 lados) con fractura del calcáneo fueron radiografiados a lo largo de la línea que une el punto medio de la 4ta y 5ta cabezas metatarsianas con el margen lateral del cuerpo calcáneo (corpus calcanei). Se analizaron los rasgos anatómicos del calcáneo observados en los rayos x tangenciales de rayos x, incluyendo el radio y la geometría fractal. Resultados: En la vista tangencial de la radiografía del calcáneo fracturado, la proyección del sustentaculum tali, se asemejó a un pico de pato, justamente debajo de la cara media de la articulación talocalcáne a. El cuerpo calcáneo de apariencia oval, se hallaba justo debajo de la superficie articular de la articulación talocalcánea. La pared lateral calcánea no excedía la línea vertical que se extiende desde la fosa maleolar medial a la lateral (línea Z-W). En la imagen escaneada, el calcáneo fracturado parecía haberse anchado cuando su pared lateral cruzó la línea Z-W. El eje longitudinal de esta proyección ovalada medía 3.52 ± 0.41 cm (a), el eje horizontal medía 2.56 ± 0.28 cm (b), y el cociente de a/b fue 1.40 ± 0.11. En el calcáneo normal, el cociente a/b es mayor de 1.40, y las diferencias de los valores en estos dos grupos fueron significativas. Por lo tanto, el cociente a/b de la proyección ovalada del calcáneo, puede usarse para evaluar su grado de deformidad después de la fractura. Conclusión: Estos resultados demostraron que la radiografía tangencial del calcáneo puede usarse para evaluar su anatomía radiográfica y medir los radios del cuerpo calcáneo ovalado.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an important factor in the progression of inflammatory responses in vivo. To develop a new anti-inflammatory drug to block the biological activity of ICAM-1, we produced a monoclonal antibody (Ka=4.19×10−8 M) against human ICAM-1. The anti-ICAM-1 single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) was expressed at a high level as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. We refolded the scFv (Ka=2.35×10−7 M) by ion-exchange chromatography, dialysis, and dilution. The results showed that column chromatography refolding by high-performance Q Sepharose had remarkable advantages over conventional dilution and dialysis methods. Furthermore, the anti-ICAM-1 scFv yield of about 60 mg/L was higher with this method. The purity of the final product was greater than 90%, as shown by denaturing gel electrophoresis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell culture, and animal experiments were used to assess the immunological properties and biological activities of the renatured scFv.