RESUMO: Rhododendron fortunei pertence a uma espécie de rododendro perfumada nativa da China, que produz flores perfumadas de grande valor ornamental e ambiental para paisagismo ou embelezamento de interiores. No entanto, os aromas em Rhododendron fortunei ainda não foram investigados, muito menos o mecanismo de formação dessas fragrâncias nas flores. Neste estudo, medimos os aromas em termos de seus componentes e conteúdos voláteis (VOC) em Rhododendron fortunei em quatro diferentes estágios de floração e em diferentes tecidos da planta por microextração em fase sólida headspace combinada com cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa. Em seguida, foram calculados os valores aromáticos característicos, que refletem o grau de percepção olfativa pelo ser humano, de cada VOC na planta de acordo com seus respectivos limiares aromáticos. Os resultados mostraram que três COVs principais medidos do mais alto ao mais baixo são benzoatos de metila, terpenos e derivados de ácidos graxos. Seu conteúdo aumentou após a abertura do botão floral e atingiu o máximo na metade da floração total. Em uma flor, a maioria dos teores de COV foram medidos em pétalas e apenas traços em outros tecidos, como estame, pistilo. Uma pequena quantidade de COVs foi determinada nas folhas também. Todos os valores aromáticos foram quase correspondentes aos teores de três COVs principais, indicando que a fragrância da flor surge verdadeiramente desses componentes de COV. Para entender o mecanismo de formação deste tipo principal de fragrância e sua regulação, primeiramente isolamos um gene de RfBAMT da pétala de Rhododendron fortunei usando clonagem homóloga e tecnologia RACE. O comprimento total de seu cDNA era de 1383 bp, com um quadro de leitura aberto de 1104 bp, codificando um total de 368 aminoácidos. A análise da árvore filogenética mostrou que RfBAMT foi o mais próximo do BSMT de Camellia japonica, pertencente à família das metiltransferases. Em seguida, medimos o nível de expressão de RfBAMT novamente em quatro estágios de desenvolvimento da flor e em diferentes tecidos e folhas de flores. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de expressão deste gene foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila na floração, implicando que RfBAMT desempenha um papel fundamental na formação e regulação de benzoatos de metila em Rhododendron fortune foi clonado e identificado em nosso estudo e seu nível de expressão foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila nas flores e folhas, o que indicou que este gene pode desempenhar um papel importante na regulação da síntese de benzoato de metila em Rhododendron fortunei. RESUMO China interiores entanto investigados (VOC gasosaespectrometria gasosa espectrometria massa seguida característicos humano graxos estame pistilo também RACE 138 bp 110 36 aminoácidos japonica metiltransferases 13 11 3 1

ABSTRACT: Rhododendron fortune belongs to a scented Rhododendron species native to China, which produces fragrant flowers of great ornamental and environmental values for landscaping or indoor beautification. However, the scents in Rhododendron fortuneihave not yet been investigated, let alone the mechanism of the formation of these fragrance in the flowers. In this study, we measured the scents in terms of its volatile components and contents (VOC) in Rhododendron fortuneiat four different flowering stages and in different tissues of the plant by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then the characteristic aromatic values, which reflects the degree of scent perception by human, of each VOC in the plant was calculated according to its respective aromatic thresholds. Results showed that three main VOCs measured from highest to lowest are methyl benzoates, terpenes and fatty acid derivatives. Their content increased after the flower bud opening and reached the highest at half to full blossom. In a flower most VOC contents were measured in petals and only trace amount in other tissues such as stamen, pistil. A small amount of VOCs was determined in leaves as well.All aromatic values were almost corresponded to the contents of three main VOCs, indicating that the flower fragrance arises truly from these VOC components. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase (BAMT) catalyzes the final step to form methyl benzoates. To understand the mechanism of the formation of this main type fragrance and its regulation, we firstly isolate a gene of RfBAMT from petal of Rhododendron fortuneiby using homologous cloning and RACE technology. The full length of its cDNA was 1383 bp，with an open reading frame of 1104 bp, encoding a total of 368 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that RfBAMT was the closest to the BSMT of Camellia japonica, belonging to methyltransferases family. Then we measured the expression level of RfBAMT again at four flower developmental stages and in different flower tissues and leaves. The results showed that the expression level of this gene was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowering, implying that RfBAMT plays a pivotal role in the formation and regulation of methyl benzoates in Rhododendron fortune.Thisresearchshowed that the RfBAMT was cloned and identified in our study and its expression level was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowers and leaves, which indicated this gene may play an important role on regulation of methyl benzoate synthesis in Rhododendron fortunei. ABSTRACT China beautification However investigated (VOC solidphase solid phase microextraction micro extraction HSSPME HS SPME (HS-SPME chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS. GCMS GC MS . (GC-MS) human thresholds derivatives blossom stamen pistil wellAll well All SadenosylLmethionine S adenosyl L methionine S-adenosyl-L-methionine BAMT (BAMT technology 138 bpwith bp 110 36 acids japonica family fortuneThisresearchshowed Thisresearchshowed fortunei (GC-MS 13 11 3 1

Abstract Autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5 regulates blood lipids, chronic inflammation, CD4+ T-cell differentiation, and neuronal death and is involved in post-stroke cognitive impairment. This study aimed to explore the correlation of serum ATG5 with CD4+ T cells and cognition impairment in stroke patients. Peripheral blood was collected from 180 stroke patients for serum ATG5 and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cell detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was completed at enrollment, year (Y)1, Y2, and Y3 in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was also measured in 50 healthy controls (HCs). Serum ATG5 was elevated in stroke patients compared to HCs (P<0.001) and was positively correlated to Th2 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P<0.001), and Th17/Treg ratio (P<0.001) in stroke patients but not correlated with Th1 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, or Treg cells (all P>0.050). Serum ATG5 (P=0.037), Th1 cells (P=0.022), Th17 cells (P=0.002), and Th17/Treg ratio (P=0.018) were elevated in stroke patients with MMSE score-identified cognition impairment vs those without cognition impairment, whereas Th2 cells, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Treg cells were not different between them (all P>0.050). Importantly, serum ATG5 was negatively linked with MMSE score at enrollment (P=0.004), Y1 (P=0.002), Y2 (P=0.014), and Y3 (P=0.001); moreover, it was positively related to 2-year (P=0.024) and 3-year (P=0.012) MMSE score decline in stroke patients. Serum ATG5 was positively correlated with Th2 and Th17 cells and estimated cognitive function decline in stroke patients. Autophagyrelated Autophagy ATG (ATG lipids inflammation CD4 CD Tcell differentiation poststroke post 18 Th (Th 1 (Treg enzymelinked enzyme cytometry MiniMental Mini Mental (MMSE Y1, Y (Y)1 HCs. . (HCs) P<0.001 P0001 P 0 001 (P<0.001 P=0.022, P0022 P=0.022 , 022 (P=0.022) P<0.001, Th17Treg ThTreg Th1Th2 ThTh Th1/Th all P>0.050. P0050 P>0.050 050 P>0.050) P=0.037, P0037 P=0.037 037 (P=0.037) P=0.002, P0002 P=0.002 002 (P=0.002) P=0.018 P0018 018 (P=0.018 scoreidentified identified Importantly P=0.004, P0004 P=0.004 004 (P=0.004) P=0.014, P0014 P=0.014 014 (P=0.014) P=0.001 (P=0.001) moreover 2year 2 P=0.024 P0024 024 (P=0.024 3year 3 P=0.012 P0012 012 (P=0.012 (Y) (HCs P<0.00 P000 00 (P<0.00 P002 P=0.02 02 (P=0.022 Th1Th P005 P>0.05 05 P003 P=0.03 03 (P=0.037 P=0.00 (P=0.002 P=0.01 P001 01 (P=0.01 (P=0.004 (P=0.014 (P=0.001 (P=0.02 (Y P<0.0 P00 (P<0.0 P=0.0 P>0.0 (P=0.03 (P=0.00 (P=0.0 P<0. P0 (P<0. P=0. P>0. (P=0. P<0 (P<0 P=0 P>0 (P=0 P< (P< P= P> (P= (P

ABSTRACT Background: Autophagy can inhibit the survival of intracellular microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a crucial role. This study investigated the association between PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway autophagy-related gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility. Methods: KEGG pathway and gene ontology (GO) databases were searched for genes belonging to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and autophagy pathways. Thirty SNPs in nine genes were identified and tested for their associations with tuberculosis in 130 patients with PTB and 271 controls. We constructed genetic risk scores (GRSs) and divided the participants into 3 subgroups based on their GRSs:0-5, 6-10, and 11-16. Results: This analysis revealed that the AKT1 (rs12432802), RPTOR (rs11654508, rs12602885, rs2090204, rs2589144, and rs2672897), and TSC2 (rs2074969) polymorphisms were significantly associated with PTB risk. A decreasing trend was observed (P trend 0.020), in which a lower GRS was associated with a higher risk of PTB ([6-10] vs. [0-5]: OR (95%CI) 0.590 (0.374-0.931); [11-16] vs. [0-5]: OR (95%CI) 0.381 (0.160-0.906)). Conclusions: Polymorphisms in AKT1, RPTOR, and TSC2 may influence susceptibility to PTB. Background Mtb, Mtb , (Mtb) PI3KAKTmTOR PIKAKTmTOR PI3K AKT mTOR PI K role autophagyrelated related (PTB Methods GO (GO pathways 13 27 controls GRSs (GRSs GRSs05, GRSs05 0 5, 5 GRSs:0-5 610, 610 6 10, 10 6-10 1116. 1116 11 16. 16 11-16 Results rs12432802, rs12432802 rs (rs12432802) rs11654508, rs11654508 (rs11654508 rs12602885 rs2090204 rs2589144 rs2672897, rs2672897 rs2672897) TSC rs2074969 (rs2074969 P 0.020, 0020 0.020 020 0.020) ([6-10 vs 05 [0-5] 95%CI 95CI CI 95 (95%CI 0590 590 0.59 0.3740.931 03740931 0.374 0.931 374 931 (0.374-0.931) [11-16 0381 381 0.38 0.1600.906. 01600906 0.160 0.906 . 160 906 (0.160-0.906)) Conclusions (Mtb KAKTmTOR PIK 1 2 GRSs0 GRSs:0- 61 6-1 111 11-1 rs1243280 (rs12432802 rs1165450 (rs1165450 rs1260288 rs209020 rs258914 rs267289 rs207496 (rs207496 002 0.02 02 ([6-1 [0-5 9 059 59 0.5 3740 0.3740.93 0374093 0374 0.37 0931 0.93 37 93 (0.374-0.931 [11-1 038 38 0.3 1600 0.1600.906 0160090 0160 0.16 0906 0.90 90 (0.160-0.906) GRSs:0 6- 11- rs124328 (rs1243280 rs116545 (rs116545 rs126028 rs20902 rs25891 rs26728 rs20749 (rs20749 00 0.0 ([6- [0- 0. 0.3740.9 037409 037 093 0.9 (0.374-0.93 [11- 03 0.1600.90 016009 016 0.1 090 (0.160-0.906 GRSs: rs12432 (rs124328 rs11654 (rs11654 rs12602 rs2090 rs2589 rs2672 rs2074 (rs2074 ([6 [0 0.3740. 03740 09 (0.374-0.9 [11 0.1600.9 01600 01 (0.160-0.90 rs1243 (rs12432 rs1165 (rs1165 rs1260 rs209 rs258 rs267 rs207 (rs207 ([ [ 0.3740 (0.374-0. [1 0.1600. (0.160-0.9 rs124 (rs1243 rs116 (rs116 rs126 rs20 rs25 rs26 (rs20 ( (0.374-0 0.1600 (0.160-0. rs12 (rs124 rs11 (rs11 rs2 (rs2 (0.374- (0.160-0 rs1 (rs12 (rs1 (rs (0.374 (0.160- (0.37 (0.160 (0.3 (0.16 (0. (0.1 (0

Low Apgar score is associated with increased risk of death in preterm or full-term infants. However, the use of Apgar score to assess extremely preterm (EP) infants is controversial. In this study, we characterized the distribution of Apgar scores in EP infants with gestational age between 25 and 27 weeks, and investigated the association of Apgar score with survival rate at discharge by analyzing the clinical data of the EP infants discharged between January 2008 and December 2017 from 26 neonatal intensive care units in Guangdong Province, China. A total of 1567 infants with gestational age of 26.84±0.79 weeks and birth weight of 951±169 grams were involved in our study. The Apgar score increased with gestational age from 25 to 27 weeks and with time from birth from 1 to 10 min. The survival rate increased with a higher Apgar score, but no significant difference was found for 1-min Apgar score and the survival rate between infants with 25 or 26 weeks of gestation or 5-min Apgar score in infants with 25 weeks of gestation. The Apgar score is associated with survival of EP infants.

Abstract A 32-month-old girl with patent ductus arteriosus, false tendon of left ventricle, mild pulmonary hypertension, and chronic cardiac insufficiency (cardiac function level I-II) was misdiagnosed with Marfan Syndrome and there was no improvement in her physical growth after operation for this disease. The preterm baby was finally diagnosed with Myhre Syndrome by clinical phenotypes and mutation of SMAD4 gene. 32monthold monthold 32 month old arteriosus ventricle hypertension III I II I-II disease SMAD gene 3

RESUMO Introdução: O infarto do miocárdio causado por obesidade pode levar a um declínio de mobilidade e na qualidade de uma vida saudável. O treinamento esportivo é benéfico para a manutenção precoce da função física após o infarto do miocárdio. Objetivo: Este estudo trata do efeito de exercícios aeróbicos de caminhada no tratamento de reabilitação de pacientes que sofreram infarto do miocárdio. Métodos: Recrutamos 91 pacientes que sofreram infarto do miocárdio no grupo de exercícios precoce e 90 pacientes no grupo de controle. O grupo de controle recebeu a intervenção de enfermagem de rotina, enquanto o grupo de exercícios precoce recebeu terapia de reabilitação com exercícios precoces. Resultados: A qualidade de vida efetiva do grupo de exercício precoce foi mais alta do que aquela do grupo de controle. Conclusão: A terapia de exercícios físicos usada no infarto agudo do miocárdio pode reduzir incidências cardiovasculares adversas e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Nível de evidência II; estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Myocardial infarction caused by human obesity can cause a decline in mobility and a decline in the quality of a healthy life. Sports training is beneficial to maintain early physical functions after myocardial infarction. Objective: This article deals with the effect of applying walking aerobic exercise in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: We enrolled 91 patients with myocardial infarction in the early exercise group and 90 patients in the control group. The control group received the routine nursing intervention, and the early exercise group received early physical exercise rehabilitation therapy. Results: The actual quality of life of the early exercise group was higher than that of the control group. The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Physical exercise therapy used in acute myocardial infarction can reduce adverse cardiovascular events and improve the quality of life of patients. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El infarto de miocardio causado por obesidad puede ocasionar una caída de movilidad y de la calidad de una vida saludable. El entrenamiento deportivo es benéfico para la manutención temprana de la función física tras el infarto de miocardio. Objetivo: Este estudio trata del efecto de ejercicios aeróbicos de caminata en el tratamiento de rehabilitación de pacientes que sufrieron infarto de miocardio. Métodos: Reclutamos 91 pacientes que sufrieron infarto de miocardio en el grupo de ejercicios temprano y 90 pacientes en el grupo de control. El grupo de control recibió la intervención de enfermería de rutina, mientras el grupo de ejercicios tempranos recibió terapia de rehabilitación con ejercicios tempranos. Resultados: La calidad de vida efectiva del grupo de ejercicio temprano fue más alta que aquella del grupo de control. Conclusión: La terapia de ejercicios físicos usada en el infarto agudo de miocardio puede reducir incidencias cardiovasculares adversas y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo Explorar o efeito das pressões intraorais na ingestão de colostro. Métodos Mulheres saudáveis com bebês a termo foram matriculadas após o nascimento. As pressões intraorais foram detectadas antes e após o início da lactação pelas mães através de um sensor de pressão durante uma sessão de amamentação. A ingestão de colostro foi mensurada pelo peso da criança antes e após a amamentação. O início da lactação foi confirmado pela percepção das mães de plenitude súbita da mama. Resultados O pico de pressão de sucção dos recém-nascidos foi de 19,89±7,67kPa antes do início da lactação e caiu para 11,54±4,49kPa após o início da lactação (p<0,01). A ingestão de colostro foi de 4,02±4,26g antes do início da lactação e 11,09±9,43g após o início da lactação. A pressão de sucção foi correlacionada com a quantidade de ingestão de colostro antes e após o início da lactação depois de terem sido feitos ajustes dos fatores de confusão. Conclusão A pressão intraoral dos recém-nascidos no estágio inicial teve um papel predominante na ingestão de colostro. Recomenda-se iniciar a amamentação imediatamente após o nascimento para aproveitar as vantagens da resposta ativa e robusta à sucção. É importante entender a importância que a pressão de sucção desempenha na ingestão de colostro e na conquista da imunidade ativa durante os primeiros dias após o nascimento.

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the effects of intraoral pressure on colostrum intake. Methods Healthy women with full-term infants were admitted in the study after birth. Intraoral pressure was detected before and after the mothers’ onset of lactation by a pressure sensor during a breastfeeding session. Colostrum intake was measured by weighting the infant before and after breastfeeding. The onset of lactation was confirmed by the mothers’ perceptions of sudden breast fullness. Results The newborns’ peak sucking pressure was 19.89±7.67kPa before the onset of lactation, dropping to 11.54±4.49kPa after mothers’ onset of lactation (p<0.01). The colostrum intake was 4.02±4.26g before the onset of lactation, and 11.09±9.43g after the onset of lactation. Sucking pressure was correlated with the amount of colostrum intake before and after the onset of lactation after adjusting the confounding factors. Conclusions The newborns’ intraoral pressure at early stage played a predominant role in colostrum intake. It is recommended to initiate breastfeeding immediately after the birth to take advantages of the active and robust sucking response. It is valuable to understand the importance that the sucking pressure plays in the colostrum intake and active immunity achievement during the first several days after birth.

Abstract Neurosyphilis (NS) is a neurological disorder caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum), but how T. pallidum attach to and cross the blood−brain barrier (BBB) and how BBB response to this bacteria remain unclear. To explore how the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) response to T. pallidum, the Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8×60K microarray was used. The results revealed that 249 genes were differentially expressed in HBMECs infected with T. pallidum. In particular, genes encoding proteins involved in bacterial adhesion, endothelial cell activation and immune response were regulated by T. pallidum. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to determine the biological functions of differentially expressed genes. In summary, T. pallidum changes the gene expression profile in HBMECs, and differentially expressed genes are associated with widespread biological and pathophysiological functions. Above all, this is the first paper reporting the effects of T. pallidum on HBMECs. These data develop a new platform for further molecular experiments on the pathogenesis of NS.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a expectativa de vida com e sem sintomas depressivos em idosos para os anos 2000 e 2010. MÉTODOS Foram avaliados (n = 1,862 in 2000 e n = 1,280 in 2010) idosos (60 anos ou mais), participantes do estudo Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE), coletado em São Paulo, Brasil. A versão mais curta da escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS-15) foi usada para classificar a depressão. Idosos com pontuação ≥ 6 foram classificados como tendo depressão. As estimativas de expectativa de vida com e sem depressão foram obtidas usando o método de Sullivan. RESULTADOS Os dados de 2000 indicaram que, em média, homens e mulheres de 60 anos de idade poderiam esperar viver, respectivamente, 14,7 e 16,5 anos sem depressão. Em 2010, a expectativa de vida sem depressão aumentou para 16,7 anos para homens e 17,8 anos para mulheres. A duração da vida com depressão diferiu por sexo – as mulheres idosas esperam viver mais anos com depressão do que os homens. CONCLUSÕES Entre 2000 e 2010, a expectativa de vida sem sintomas depressivos em São Paulo aumentou. Entretanto, os idosos no Brasil, sobretudo as mulheres, ainda enfrentam problemas relacionados às doenças mentais.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate life expectancy with and without depressive symptoms in older adults for the years 2000 and 2010. METHODS We evaluated individuals aged 60 years or older (n = 1,862 in 2000 and n = 1,280 in 2010), participants of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE – Health, Wellbeing and Aging) study in in Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Depression was measured using the shorter version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15); respondents scoring ≥ 6 were classified as having depression. Estimates of life expectancy with and without depression were obtained using the Sullivan method. RESULTS Data from 2000 indicate that 60-year-old men could expect to live, on average, 14.7 years without depression and 60-year-old women could expect to live 16.5 years without depression. By 2010, life expectancy without depression had increased to 16.7 years for men and 17.8 years for women. Expected length of life with depression differed by sex, with women expected to live more years with depression than men. CONCLUSIONS Between 2000 and 2010, life expectancy without depression in Sao Paulo increased. However, older adults in Brazil, especially older women, still face a serious burden of mental illness.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a expectativa de vida com e sem sintomas depressivos em idosos para os anos 2000 e 2010. MÉTODOS Foram avaliados (n = 1,862 in 2000 e n = 1,280 in 2010) idosos (60 anos ou mais), participantes do estudo Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE), coletado em São Paulo, Brasil. A versão mais curta da escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS-15) foi usada para classificar a depressão. Idosos com pontuação ≥ 6 foram classificados como tendo depressão. As estimativas de expectativa de vida com e sem depressão foram obtidas usando o método de Sullivan. RESULTADOS Os dados de 2000 indicaram que, em média, homens e mulheres de 60 anos de idade poderiam esperar viver, respectivamente, 14,7 e 16,5 anos sem depressão. Em 2010, a expectativa de vida sem depressão aumentou para 16,7 anos para homens e 17,8 anos para mulheres. A duração da vida com depressão diferiu por sexo – as mulheres idosas esperam viver mais anos com depressão do que os homens. CONCLUSÕES Entre 2000 e 2010, a expectativa de vida sem sintomas depressivos em São Paulo aumentou. Entretanto, os idosos no Brasil, sobretudo as mulheres, ainda enfrentam problemas relacionados às doenças mentais.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate life expectancy with and without depressive symptoms in older adults for the years 2000 and 2010. METHODS We evaluated individuals aged 60 years or older (n = 1,862 in 2000 and n = 1,280 in 2010), participants of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE – Health, Wellbeing and Aging) study in in Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Depression was measured using the shorter version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15); respondents scoring ≥ 6 were classified as having depression. Estimates of life expectancy with and without depression were obtained using the Sullivan method. RESULTS Data from 2000 indicate that 60-year-old men could expect to live, on average, 14.7 years without depression and 60-year-old women could expect to live 16.5 years without depression. By 2010, life expectancy without depression had increased to 16.7 years for men and 17.8 years for women. Expected length of life with depression differed by sex, with women expected to live more years with depression than men. CONCLUSIONS Between 2000 and 2010, life expectancy without depression in Sao Paulo increased. However, older adults in Brazil, especially older women, still face a serious burden of mental illness.

Um método altamente eficiente e simples foi descrito para a síntese de derivados de quinoxalina em bons a excelentes rendimentos (80-99%) por reação de condensação de 1,2-dicetonas heterocíclicas ou alifáticas (R¹COCOR¹, R¹ = Et, Ph, p-MeC6H5, p-MeOC6H5, Furil) com 1,2-diaminas (1,2-(NH2)2C6H3R², R² = H, Br, NO2, PhCO). Um estudo sistemático foi realizado para examinar a influência do meio reacional e dos fatores eletrônicos dos substratos nos resultados das reações.

A highly efficient and facile method has been described for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives in good to excellent yields (80-99%) by condensation reaction of heterocyclic as well as aliphatic 1,2-diketones (R¹COCOR¹, R¹ = Et, Ph, p-MeC6H5, p-MeOC6H5, Furyl) with 1,2-diamines (1,2-(NH2)2C6H3R², R² = H, Br, NO2, PhCO). A systematic study was carried out to examine the influence of reaction media and electronic factors of the substrates on the reaction results.