Abstract Objectives Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, in which Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (HVSMCs) are involved. Nevertheless, the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells remain unclear. Methods Circ-ABCA1 expression was measured in the models of AS. Then, in the vitro model, oligonucleotide transfection was performed, followed by an analysis of VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammation, and phenotypic switch. Also, in the in vivo model, mice were injected with shRNA lentivirus, followed by histological examination of aortic tissues. Finally, the interaction of circ-ABCA1, miR-885–5p, and ROCK2 was identified. Results Circ-ABCA1, was confirmed to be overexpressed in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs and mouse models of AS. Functionally, silencing circ-ABCA1 via oligonucleotide transfection suppressed VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammation, and phenotypic switch in vitro and prevented AS development in mice in vivo. Mechanistically, circ-ABCA1 absorbed miR-885–5p, which targeted ROCK2. Conclusion Taken together, the data from this study suggest that circ-ABCA1 mediates cellular inflammation and phenotype switching through the miR-885–5p/ROCK2 axis in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs, and the circ-ABCA1/miR-885–5p/ROCK2 axis is a new potential biomarker for the treatment of AS. (AS wall HVSMCs (HVSMCs involved Nevertheless LowDensity Low Density oxLDLinduced ox LDL induced unclear CircABCA1 CircABCA Circ ABCA1 ABCA Circ-ABCA Then model performed proliferation migration Also lentivirus tissues Finally circABCA1, circABCA1 circABCA circ ABCA1, miR885–5p, miR8855p miRp miR 885–5p, 885 5p p miR-885–5p ROCK identified CircABCA1, Functionally circ-ABCA Mechanistically together miR885–5p/ROCK2 miR8855pROCK2 miRpROCK 885–5p/ROCK2 miR-885–5p/ROCK circABCA1/miR885–5p/ROCK2 circABCA1miR8855pROCK2 circABCAmiRpROCK ABCA1/miR circ-ABCA1/miR-885–5p/ROCK miR885 miR885–5p 8855p 885–5p 88 miR885–5p/ROCK pROCK miR8855pROCK 8855pROCK2 885–5p/ROCK circABCA1/miR885–5p/ROCK circABCA1miR8855pROCK ABCA1miR ABCAmiR miR88 8 8855pROCK miR8

Abstract Background Understanding the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolates is important for pneumonia treatment and prevention. This research aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric inpatients and outpatients during the same period. Methods S. pneumoniae were isolated from unsterile samples of inpatients and outpatients younger than five years old between March 2013 and February 2014. The serotypes were determined using diagnostic pneumococcal antisera. The resistance of each strain to 13 antibiotics was tested using either the E-test or the disc diffusion method. The Sequence Types (STs) were analyzed via Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Results The dominant serotypes obtained from inpatients were 19F (32.9 %), 19A (20.7 %), 23F (10.7 %), 6A (10.0 %), and 14 (8.6 %), while those from outpatients were 19F (13.6 %), 23F (12.9 %), 6A (10.0 %), 6B (10.0 %), and 19A (7.9 %). The coverage rates of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) formulations were high in both groups. The nonsusceptibility to penicillin, cefuroxime, imipenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among the inpatient isolates was 7.1 %, 92.8 %, 65.7 %, 100 %, and 85.0 %, respectively, while that among the outpatient isolates was 0.7 %, 50.0 %, 38.6 %, 96.4 %, and 65.7 %, respectively. There were 45 and 81 STs detected from the pneumococci isolated from inpatients and outpatients, respectively. CC271 was common among both inpatients and outpatients (43.6 % and 14.3 %). Conclusions Pneumococcal vaccine-related serotypes are prevalent among both inpatients and outpatients, especially among inpatients, who exhibit more severe antibiotic resistance. Therefore, universal immunization with PCV13 would decrease the hospitalization rate due to S. pneumoniae and the antibiotic resistance rate of S. pneumoniae. S (S prevention period 201 2014 antisera 1 Etest E test method (STs MLST. MLST . (MLST) F 32.9 329 32 9 (32. , %) A 20.7 207 20 7 (20. 10.7 107 10 (10. 10.0 0 8.6 86 8 6 (8. 13.6 136 (13. 12.9 129 12 (12. B 7.9 79 (7. %. 13valent valent PCV (PCV groups penicillin cefuroxime imipenem erythromycin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 71 7. 928 92 92. 657 65 65. 850 85 85. respectively 07 0. 500 50 50. 386 38 38. 964 96 4 96. CC CC27 43.6 436 43 (43. 143 3 14. vaccinerelated vaccine related Therefore PCV1 (MLST 32. (32 20. 2 (20 10. (10 8. (8 13. (13 12. (12 (7 5 CC2 43. (43 (3 (2 (1 ( (4

RESUMO A peneira de separação de duas ordens original tem uma boa capacidade de separação batata-solo, mas causa danos significativos às batatas ao mesmo tempo em que garante uma alta taxa de evidência de batatas, o que, por sua vez, afeta a eficácia do trabalho da escavadeira de batatas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo aprimorar a peneira de separação de balanço original com uma superfície de peneira de duas ordens para uma nova peneira de separação com uma superfície de peneira de três ordens para resolver a contradição entre a taxa obvia de batatas e os danos às batatas na operação da peneira original. Com base nisso, as características de movimentação das batatas e o desempenho de separação da nova peneira foram investigados experimentalmente no campo. O experimento foi conduzido em um campo de teste no Condado de Wuchuan, utilizando um delineamento completamente aleatório em um esquema de fator único com três fatores e cinco níveis, com cinco velocidades de manivela (140, 150, 180, 210 e 225 rpm), cinco velocidades de avanço da máquina (1,41, 1,51, 1,70, 1,89 e 2,21 km h-1) e cinco combinações de comprimento da haste de ligação do braço (250-350-1.030, 250-370-1.040, 270-370-1.050, 290-370-1.060 e 310-370-1.070 mm). Cada experimento foi repetido três vezes em cada nível, e o valor médio foi considerado como o resultado final. Os resultados experimentais demonstram que a nova peneira de separação de três ordens pode garantir uma alta taxa de detecção de batatas enquanto mantém uma baixa taxa de danos à casca das batatas. batatasolo, batatasolo batata solo, solo batata-solo vez Assim nisso Wuchuan níveis 140, 140 (140 150 180 21 22 rpm, rpm , rpm) 1,41, 141 1 41 (1,41 151 51 1,51 170 70 1,70 189 89 1,8 221 2 2,2 h1 h h-1 2503501.030, 2503501030 250 350 1.030, 030 (250-350-1.030 2503701.040, 2503701040 370 1.040, 040 250-370-1.040 2703701.050, 2703701050 270 1.050, 050 270-370-1.050 2903701.060 2903701060 290 1.060 060 290-370-1.06 3103701.070 3103701070 310 1.070 070 310-370-1.07 mm. mm . mm) nível final 14 (14 15 18 1,41 4 (1,4 5 1,5 17 7 1,7 8 1, 2, h- 2503501 2503501.030 250350103 25 35 1030 1.030 03 (250-350-1.03 2503701 2503701.040 250370104 37 1040 1.040 04 250-370-1.04 2703701 2703701.050 270370105 27 1050 1.050 05 270-370-1.05 2903701 2903701.06 290370106 29 1060 1.06 06 290-370-1.0 3103701 3103701.07 310370107 31 1070 1.07 07 310-370-1.0 (1 1,4 (1, 250350 2503501.03 25035010 3 103 1.03 0 (250-350-1.0 250370 2503701.04 25037010 104 1.04 250-370-1.0 270370 2703701.05 27037010 105 1.05 270-370-1.0 290370 2903701.0 29037010 106 1.0 290-370-1. 310370 3103701.0 31037010 107 310-370-1. ( 25035 2503501.0 10 (250-350-1. 25037 2503701.0 250-370-1. 27037 2703701.0 270-370-1. 29037 2903701. 1. 290-370-1 31037 3103701. 310-370-1 2503 2503501. (250-350-1 2503701. 250-370-1 2703 2703701. 270-370-1 2903 290-370- 3103 310-370- (250-350- 250-370- 270-370- 290-370 310-370 (250-350 250-370 270-370 290-37 310-37 (250-35 250-37 270-37 290-3 310-3 (250-3 250-3 270-3 290- 310- (250- 250- 270- (250 (25 (2

ABSTRACT The original two-order separating sieve has a good potato-soil separating ability, but it causes significant damage to potatoes while ensuring a high potato detection rate, which in turn affects the working effectiveness of the potato digger. Thus, it is necessary to improve the design of the original swing separation sieve with a two-order sieve surface to one with a three-order sieve surface to solve the contradiction between the potato detection and potato damage. On this basis, the movement characteristics of potatoes and the separation performance of the new sieve were experimentally investigated. The experiment was conducted in a test field in Wuchuan County using a completely randomized design in a single-factor scheme with three factors and five levels, with five crank speeds (140, 150, 180, 210 and 225 rpm), five machine forward speeds (1.41, 1.51, 1.70, 1.89 and 2.21 km h-1) and five boom-connecting rod length combinations (250-350-1,030, 250-370-1,040, 270-370-1,050, 290-370-1,060 and 310-370-1,070 mm). Each experiment was repeated three times at each level, and the average value was taken as the final result. The experimental results demonstrate that the new three-order separation sieve can ensure a high potato detection rate while maintaining a low potato skin breakage rate. twoorder two order potatosoil soil ability digger Thus threeorder basis investigated singlefactor single factor levels 140, 140 (140 150 180 21 22 rpm, rpm , rpm) 1.41, 141 1 41 (1.41 151 51 1.51 170 70 1.70 189 89 1.8 221 2 2.2 h1 h h-1 boomconnecting boom connecting 2503501,030, 2503501030 250 350 1,030, 030 (250-350-1,030 2503701,040, 2503701040 370 1,040, 040 250-370-1,040 2703701,050, 2703701050 270 1,050, 050 270-370-1,050 2903701,060 2903701060 290 1,060 060 290-370-1,06 3103701,070 3103701070 310 1,070 070 310-370-1,07 mm. mm . mm) level result 14 (14 15 18 1.41 4 (1.4 5 1.5 17 7 1.7 8 1. 2. h- 2503501 2503501,030 250350103 25 35 1030 1,030 03 (250-350-1,03 2503701 2503701,040 250370104 37 1040 1,040 04 250-370-1,04 2703701 2703701,050 270370105 27 1050 1,050 05 270-370-1,05 2903701 2903701,06 290370106 29 1060 1,06 06 290-370-1,0 3103701 3103701,07 310370107 31 1070 1,07 07 310-370-1,0 (1 1.4 (1. 250350 2503501,03 25035010 3 103 1,03 0 (250-350-1,0 250370 2503701,04 25037010 104 1,04 250-370-1,0 270370 2703701,05 27037010 105 1,05 270-370-1,0 290370 2903701,0 29037010 106 1,0 290-370-1, 310370 3103701,0 31037010 107 310-370-1, ( 25035 2503501,0 10 (250-350-1, 25037 2503701,0 250-370-1, 27037 2703701,0 270-370-1, 29037 2903701, 1, 290-370-1 31037 3103701, 310-370-1 2503 2503501, (250-350-1 2503701, 250-370-1 2703 2703701, 270-370-1 2903 290-370- 3103 310-370- (250-350- 250-370- 270-370- 290-370 310-370 (250-350 250-370 270-370 290-37 310-37 (250-35 250-37 270-37 290-3 310-3 (250-3 250-3 270-3 290- 310- (250- 250- 270- (250 (25 (2

Abstract Aiming to provide a new way that preserves more active components in Eucommia ulmoides (EU) leaves, this paper utilizes 4 methods, i.e., microwave, steam, air heating, and frying, to process EU leaves before drying, and their respective effects on the leaves were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of EU leaves in vitro was measured by the DPPH free radical method; the contents of total flavonoids (TFC) and total phenols (TPC) were analyzed by spectrophotometry; and the contents of main active components were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed the pre-process improved the quality of the EU leaves. As a simple and fast process, the microwave process is the most effective technique in the retention of flavonoids and four active ingredients except aucubin. High power (800 W) and short time (2.5 min) are more conducive to the retention of active ingredients, with high antioxidant activity. Appropriate steam and frying processes also exhibited benefits for the active components. In particular, the samples treated with steam for 10 minutes showed great potential for industrial application with the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Therefore, proper pre-processing before drying should be conducted to effectively protect the active components of EU leaves.

Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy and safety between baricitinib (BARI) and tofacitinib (TOFA) for the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving methotrexate (MTX) in clinical practice. Methods This retrospective study recruited 179 RA patients treated with BARI (2–4 mg/d) or TOFA (10 mg/d) at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2019 to January 2022. The rate of low disease activity (LDA) was used as the primary end point. Secondary end points included the Disease Activity Scale-28 (DAS-28)-C-reactive protein (CRP); the rate of DAS28-CRP remission; visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, swollen joint, and tender joint counts; and adverse events at the 6-month follow-up. Several factors affecting LDA achievement were also analyzed. Results Seventy-four patients were treated with BARI and 105 were treated with TOFA, including 83.24% females, with a median (IQR) age of 56.0 (53.0–56.0) years old and disease duration of 12.0 (6.0–12.0) months. There was no difference of the rate of LDA between the BARI and TOFA treatment groups. All disease indices in the two groups were significantly improved, including a significantly lower VAS in the BARI group (P < 0.05), reflecting the drug efficacy after 1 and 6 months of treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in these two groups. Conclusion The treatment efficacy and safety of BARI and TOFA in the RA patients were similar, but BARI was more effective in pain relief than TOFA. An older baseline age was more likely to achieve LDA in the BARI group, while a low baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was more likely to achieve LDA in the TOFA group. (BARI (TOFA (RA MTX (MTX practice 17 2–4 24 2 4 (2– mg/d mgd mg d 10 (1 201 2022 (LDA point Scale28 Scale 28 Scale-2 DAS28Creactive DASCreactive DAS C reactive CRP (CRP) DAS28CRP DASCRP DAS28 remission (VAS counts 6month month followup. followup follow up. up follow-up analyzed Seventyfour Seventy four 8324 83 83.24 females IQR (IQR 560 56 0 56. 53.0–56.0 530560 53 (53.0–56.0 120 12 12. 6.0–12.0 60120 (6.0–12.0 improved P 0.05, 005 0.05 , 05 0.05) ESR (ESR 2– (2 ( 20 202 Scale2 Scale- Creactive (CRP DAS2 832 8 83.2 5 53.0–56. 53056 (53.0–56. 6.0–12. 6012 (6.0–12. 00 0.0 83. 53.0–56 5305 (53.0–56 6.0–12 601 (6.0–12 0. 53.0–5 530 (53.0–5 6.0–1 60 (6.0–1 53.0– (53.0– 6.0– (6.0– 53.0 (53.0 6.0 (6.0 53. (53. 6. (6. (53 (6 (5

ABSTRACT To explore the functions of Txnip and its mechanism in adipocyte differentiation, the preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of three-day-old piglets and induced into adipogenic differentiation. The expression of Txnip and ChREBP was silenced, and the Txnip overexpression was achieved in the cells with transfection of the recombinant lentivirus strategies. Txnip silencing promoted the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and PPARγ expression, and a PPARγ inhibitor reduced this facilitation. Instead, Txnip overexpression exerted a suppressive effect on the cell differentiation and PPARγ expression, and the PPARγ agonist offset this inhibition. High glucose stimulated the preadipocyte differentiation and expressions of ChREBP and Txnip. In contrast, Txnip expression was reduced by ChREBP silencing, suggesting glucose-regulated Txnip expression through the mediation of ChREBP. Moreover, the expressions of ChREBP and Glut4 induced by high glucose and glucose uptake of the cells were reduced by Txnip-overexpression, but increased by Txnip silencing, while these changes of Txnip did not alter their expressions under low glucose. Collectively, Txnip could be an inhibitor of porcine preadipocyte differentiation, which attenuated the adipogenesis through the negative feedback regulation on PPARγ. Txnip impaired the induction of glucose on the preadipocyte differentiation through decreasing Glut4 expression and glucose uptake and subsequent decrease of the expression and transcriptional activity of ChREBP. threedayold three day old silenced strategies facilitation Instead inhibition contrast glucoseregulated regulated Moreover Glut Txnipoverexpression, Txnipoverexpression overexpression, Txnip-overexpression Collectively

ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria preparations on microbial diversity and community structure of calves. On days 1 and 7 of the trial period, feces were collected into sterile tubes and labeled (Day 1: control group D1DZ, experimental group D1SY, and Day 7: control group D7DZ, experimental group D7SY). Twenty Angus calves (150±10 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 10 calves each. The control group fed a basal diet. In addition to feeding the basal diet, the experimental group was given 15 mL lactobacillus preparation orally at 09:00 and 16:00 h every day. Calves were allowed free feeding and drinking water. All other feeding environments and management conditions remained consistent with the experiment lasting for seven days. At the end of the experiment, the fecal microflora of the calves was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing techniques. The 16S rRNA analysis data were processed using the Excel 2007 software and analyzed by the IBM SPSS statistical software (Statistical Analysis System, version 22). The Alpha diversity index analysis showed that the Chao and the Ace indices were significantly different after feeding supplemented with lactic acid bacteria. The PCA analysis showed that the fecal flora structure differed significantly after supplementation with the lactic acid bacteria preparation. Further analysis showed that the lactic acid bacteria increased Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in the feces. Therefore, we speculate that lactic acid bacteria preparations play an important role in animal production and are beneficial to the diversity of the fecal microflora of the calves. period D1DZ DDZ D DZ D1SY DSY SY D7DZ D7SY. D7SY . D7SY) 150±10 15010 150 (150±1 kg each diet 0900 09 00 09:0 1600 16 16:0 day water S techniques 200 Statistical System 22. 22 22) Firmicutes Patescibacteria RikenellaceaeRC9gutgroup RikenellaceaeRCgutgroup Rikenellaceae RC9 gut RC Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group Clostridiumsensustricto1 Clostridiumsensustricto Clostridium sensu stricto Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 prevotellaceae_UCG003 prevotellaceaeUCG003 prevotellaceaeUCG prevotellaceae_UCG 003 prevotellaceae UCG prevotellaceae_UCG-00 Therefore 150±1 1501 (150± 090 0 09: 160 16: 20 2 RikenellaceaeRC gutgroup Clostridium_sensu_stricto_ UCG003 prevotellaceae_UCG00 prevotellaceaeUCG00 prevotellaceae_UCG-0 150± (150 Clostridium_sensu_stricto UCG00 prevotellaceae_UCG0 prevotellaceaeUCG0 prevotellaceae_UCG- (15 UCG0 (1 (

Abstract The woody oil industry generates a large amount of seed shell waste during its production. Therefore, this paper employs a central composite design (CCD) methodology to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process, thus utilizing the byproduct. The infrared spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis is adopted to explore the chemical structure and thermal stability of tannin. Besides, the tannin resin (TF) is prepared to elaborate its adsorbing performance for dyes in water. The results verify the role of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method in increasing yield rate. The optimal conditions are as follows: 60% ethanol as extraction solvent, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/mL), ultrasonic power of 160 W, and extracted at 80oC for 60min. The yield rate of tannin under such conditions stands at 32.04% (w/w). Temperature is vital for the extraction rate. Acer truncatum tannin as a condensed tannin, performs favorable thermal stability, and TF effectively absorbs cationic dye in water. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue peaks at 176.13 mg/g. Acer truncatum shell serves as a resource of condensed tannin, and Acer truncatum tannin resin can be potentially developed into a new biomass adsorbent. production Therefore CCD (CCD ultrasonicassisted assisted process byproduct Besides (TF water follows 60 solvent solidliquid solid liquid 125 1 25 1:2 g/mL, gmL g/mL , g mL (g/mL) 16 W oC 60min min 3204 32 04 32.04 w/w. ww w/w . w (w/w) 17613 176 13 176.1 mgg mg mg/g adsorbent 6 12 2 1: (g/mL 320 3 0 32.0 (w/w 1761 17 176. 32.

RESUMO A perturbação da microbiota intestinal comensal está relacionada à dermatose inflamatória crônica. Analisamos a diversidade da microbiota intestinal para caracterizar a variação biológica da psoríase (Ps). Diferenças significativas do perfil microbiológico intestinal foram reveladas no modelo murino com psoríase pelo sequenciamento da região variável 16S rRNA V3-V4. As comparações de grupo incluíram o creme imiquimod (grupo IMQ, n=8), o creme imiquimod e antibióticos (ATB) (grupo PC+IMQ, n=8) e o controle saudável (grupo CTRL, n=8). A microbiota intestinal existia nos grupos Ps, incluindo o grupo IMQ e o grupo PC+IMQ englobava menos diversidade do que os controles, que foram atribuídos à diminuição da presença de vários taxa. Os dois grupos de Ps caracterizavam-se por uma redução significativa nos firicutes. Neste estudo, a microbiota da psoríase foi definida por um aumento da presença de bacteroides. Após o tratamento com ATB, encontramos um aumento substancial de Lactobacillales mas uma diminuição significativa de Clostridiales e Coriobacteriales. Uma menor abundância relativa de bactérias intestinais múltiplas foi observada nos grupos de Ps. Embora parte dos gêneros tenha sido concomitantemente reduzida tanto em condições IMQ como PC+IMQ, descobrimos que a especialidade das amostras do grupo PC+IMQ era que continham menor abundância de taxas benéficas. As características dos perfis de microbiota intestinal em ratos de Ps eram comparáveis aos perfis em pacientes com Ps, que estavam relacionados à alteração de proteínas inflamatórias específicas em grupos de doenças, mas eram significativamente diferentes do grupo controle. Assim, este estudo enfatiza o papel da microbiota intestinal na patogênese do Ps e fornece novos conhecimentos para investigar a associação entre micróbios intestinais e inflamação imunológica.

ABSTRACT Disturbance of commensal intestinal microbiota is related to chronic inflammatory dermatosis. We analyzed the diversity of the gut microbiota to characterize the biological variation of psoriasis (Ps). Significant differences of gut microbiome profiles were revealed in murine model with psoriasis by sequencing 16S rRNA V3-V4 variable region. Group comparisons included the imiquimod cream (IMQ group, n=8), the imiquimod cream and antibiotics (ATB) (PC+IMQ group, n=8) and the healthy control (CTRL group, n=8). The gut microbiota existed in Ps groups including IMQ group and PC+IMQ group encompassed less diversity than controls, which were attributed to decreased presence of several taxa. The two Ps groups were characterized by significant reduction in firmicutes. In this study, microbiota of psoriasis was defined by an increase presence of Bacteroides. After treated with ATB, we found substantial increase of Lactobacillales but significant decrease of Clostridiales and Coriobacteriales. Relative lower abundance of multiple intestinal bacteria was observed in Ps groups. Although part of genera were concomitantly reduced in both IMQ and PC+IMQ conditions, we discovered the specialty of PC+IMQ group samples was that contained lower abundance of beneficial taxa. Characteristics of gut microbiota profiles in Ps mice were comparable to profiles in patients with Ps, which were related to alteration of specific inflammatory proteins in disease groups but were significantly different from control group. Thus, this study emphasizes the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of Ps and provides new insight for investigating association between intestinal microbes and immune inflammation.

Abstract The effect of Maillard reaction browning factors on the color enhancement of membrane clarification non-centrifugal cane sugar (M-NCS) in storage was explored. During storage, the color of M-NCS gradually browned and blackened. pH, the contents of glucose, fructose, protein, total amino acids and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the moisture content, relative percentages of volatile Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and the content of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) increased during storage. The sucrose content remained stable. Correlation analysis shows all browning factors were significantly correlated with color. Multivariate data analysis results demonstrated that the compound effects of volatile MRPs, 3-DG, pH, glucose and total amino acids led to the color change of stored M-NCS. The order of effect on the color change of stored M-NCS was volatile MRPs > 3-DG > pH > glucose > total amino acids.

Abstract We report the first case of using an anterior scalene plane block at the superior trunk level achieving phrenic nerve blockade to treat intolerable referred shoulder pain after liver Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of a diaphragm-abutting liver tumor despite prevention with a full-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The anterior scalene plane block rapidly alleviated pain without significant complications.

RESUMEN Debido a que los resultados de calibración de alta precisión de la capa subterránea de petróleo son de gran importancia para la eficiencia en la producción de petróleo, este estudio usa la investigación sobre el método de calibración de la capa subterránea de petróleo con base en la gravedad de alta precisión y la exploración magnética. El modelo magnético de gravedad se utilizó para medir la profundidad de la roca madre. Además se obtuvieron los resultados de la estructura del basamento y la distribución de rocas sedimentarias a través de la gravedad y la geología magnética en un prospecto de petróleo subterráneo en la cuenca Tongbai. Sobre esta base, los datos geológicos, los datos de registro, los datos sísmicos y los datos del Perfil Sísmico Vertical (VSP) se usaron de manera integral, y el método de calibración en capas se usó para calibrar la capa subterránea de petróleo de la cuenca Tongbai. De acuerdo con el dato sísmico y con la elevación del núcleo en el área, la formación rocosa se dividió en varias curvas de registro. La diferencia de tiempo promedio y la densidad de las capas de roca divididas se interpolaron a intervalos de profundidad iguales para obtener secuencias de velocidad y secuencias de densidad a intervalos de tiempo iguales, y finalmente realizar la conversión de profundidad de tiempo. Cuando el horizonte geológico de perforación se unifica, el registro sintético de la capa de reflexión sísmica se compara con el horizonte geológico para realizar la calibración del horizonte de la capa de reflexión sísmica. Cuando la estratificación local no es uniforme, la capa de reflexión sísmica se calibra con la capa de reflexión sísmica, el análisis de velocidad de alta precisión y varios registros sintéticos para verificar la fiabilidad del horizonte geológico. Los resultados muestran que el método propuesto puede estudiar con precisión las condiciones geológicas de la cuenca Tongbai. Este método detectó 14 fallas en el basamento, y también que las fallas de tendencia NW y NE controlaron la cuenca, mientras que las fallas norte-sur controlaron la evolución posterior de la cuenca. El método puede usarse para la calibración del horizonte de pozos inclinados, que es adecuado no solo para medios anisotrópicos, sino también para formaciones con menor variación lateral de la litología de formación local. Además, su uso es flexible y puede corregirse con múltiples datos de velocidad.

ABSTRACT The high-precision calibration results of the petroleum underground layer are of great significance for oil production efficiency. This study uses the gravity magnetic model to retrieve the bedrock depth. The results of the basement structure and sedimentary rock distribution through the gravity and magnetic geology in the petroleum underground prospect of the Tongbai basin were also obtained. On this basis, the geological data, logging data, seismic data, and the Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data has been comprehensively used, as the layered calibration method was used to calibrate the petroleum underground layer. Considering the seismic datum and the core elevation in the area, the rock formation is divided by various logging curves. The average time difference and density of the divided rock layers are interpolated at equal depth intervals to obtain velocity sequences and density sequences at equal time intervals and finally realize time-depth conversion. When the drilling geological horizon is unified, the synthetic record of the seismic reflection layer is compared with the geological horizon to realize the horizon calibration of the seismic reflection layer. When the local stratification is not uniform, the seismic reflection layer is calibrated by tracking the seismic reflection layer, high-precision velocity analysis, and various synthetic records to verify the reliability of the geological horizon. The results show that the proposed method can accurately survey the geological conditions of the Tongbai basin. It detected 14 basement faults, and that the NW-trending and NE-trending faults controlled the basin, while the North-South faults controlled the later evolution of the basin. The method can be used for the horizon calibration of inclined wells, which is suitable not only for anisotropic media but also for formations with a less lateral variation of local formation lithology. Moreover, its usage is flexible, and it can be corrected by multiple speed data.

Acne is a kind of common, chronic skin condition caused by the inflammation of the sebaceous glands in hair follicles. Recent studies have demonstrated that baicalin (BA) possesses potential anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of BA in vitro and in vivo. Heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes-induced THP-1 cells and live P. acnes-injected male Sprague Dawley rats were used for establishing the acne model. The rate of ear swelling was calculated, and the severity was determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The production of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)] in the cell supernatant and ear tissue homogenates was measured by ELISA. Protein levels of JNK, ERK, P38, IκBα, P65, Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), pro-caspase-1, and IL-1β in THP-1 cells and ear tissues were detected by western blotting. NLRP3 and IL-1β were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the NLRP3, IL-1β and pro-caspase-1 mRNAs were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that BA decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, BA down-regulated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and κBα and inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65. Furthermore, BA inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, at both the gene and protein levels. Taken together, the results demonstrated that BA might exert its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways and consequently suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome both in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract Toona sinensis (Juss.) M.Roem, Meliaceae, a deciduous plant native to eastern and southeastern Asia, is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This paper was aimed to summarize the current advances in traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. sinensis. In this review, various types of data of T. sinensis are discussed in the corresponding parts of this paper, and perspectives for possible future studies of this plant are discussed. The main constituents of T. sinensis are terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, etc., and its pharmacological activities include anti-tumor effects, antioxidant activities, anti-diabetic effects and anti-inflammatory effects. Although a series of phytochemical and pharmacological researches of this plant have been conducted, the active constituents and action mechanism of these activities should be also further explored. Furthermore, the present review also indicates that T. sinensis has potentials to develop into drugs for treating various diseases with high efficacy and low toxicity, particularly in cancer, diabetes and inflammatory disorders. In conclusion, the paper provides a full-scale profile of the traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. sinensis, and also provides potential therapeutic uses and drug development prospects of this plant.