The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-2,5-(OH)2, UiO-66-NO2, UiO-66-NDC, and UiO-66-BPDC were synthesized under solvothermal conditions using different functionalized organic linkers. The structures and properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The crystal structures of these functionalized UiO-66(Zr) forms were similar. A series of functionalized UiO-66(Zr) samples were used in the adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2). UiO-66-NH2 had the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (about 3.35 mmol g-1) due to its small polar -NH2 group. The performance of UiO-66-NH2 in CO2 adsorption at different temperatures was also determined. The amino-functionalized material possessed better adsorption properties at 273 K than at 303 K, while the CO2 working capacity of UiO-66-NH2 was fully recovered after cyclic regeneration. metalorganic metal MOFs (MOFs UiO66NH2, UiO66NH2 UiONH UiO 66 NH2, NH2 NH UiO662,5OH2, UiO6625OH2 UiOOH 2,5 OH 2, 2 5 UiO-66-2,5-(OH)2 UiO66NO2, UiO66NO2 UiONO NO2, NO2 NO UiO-66-NO2 UiO66NDC, UiO66NDC UiONDC NDC, NDC UiO-66-NDC UiO66BPDC UiOBPDC BPDC linkers Xray X ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis microscopy adsorptiondesorption desorption isotherms UiO66Zr UiOZr Zr UiO-66(Zr similar CO2. CO . (CO2) UiO-66-NH about 335 3 35 3.3 g1 g 1 g-1 -NH group determined aminofunctionalized amino 27 30 regeneration UiO66NH 6 UiO662 5OH2 UiO662,5OH2 UiO6625OH 25 UiO-66-2,5-(OH) UiO66NO UiO-66-NO (CO2 33 3. g- UiO66 5OH UiO662,5OH UiO-66-2,5-(OH (CO UiO6

RESUMO A solução fundamental para o problema do entupimento do emissor é explorar o projeto ideal da estrutura do emissor e melhorar sua capacidade anti-entupimento. O objetivo da pesquisa foi selecionar a forma estrutural ideal do caminho de fluxo do emissor em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento utilizando fontes de água de qualidade inferior, proporcionando suporte teórico para melhorar a capacidade anti-obstrução do próprio emissor e para o projeto de novos produtos de emissores. A seleção da estrutura do caminho do fluxo do emissor não tem sido conduzida com base na determinação do modelo de simulação apropriado com a condição complexa de qualidade da água. Para tanto, determinou-se o modelo de movimento interno do fluido adequado do emissor, e avaliou-se de forma abrangente o desempenho hidráulico e o desempenho anti-entupimento das cinco estruturas representativas da trajetória de fluxo no país e no exterior, e finalmente determinou-se a estrutura ótima da trajetória de fluxo do emissor. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que o modelo RNG k-ε foi o mais adequado para simular a área do fluxo no emissor por meio da análise abrangente da lacuna entre os valores simulados e os valores medidos, da precisão do cálculo e da eficiência computacional. A trajetória de fluxo fractal foi relativamente ótima para o desempenho hidráulico e para o desempenho anti-entupimento. Este estudo pode fornecer suporte teórico para melhorar a própria habilidade anti-obstrução do emissor e o projeto de novo produto de emissor. antientupimento. antientupimento anti entupimento. inferior antiobstrução obstrução emissores tanto determinouse determinou se avaliouse avaliou exterior kε k ε medidos computacional

ABSTRACT The fundamental solution to the problem of emitter clogging is to explore the optimal structure design of emitter and improve its anti-clogging ability. The research objective was to select the optimal structural form of the emitter flow path in drip irrigation systems using inferior water sources, which can provide theoretical support for improving the anti-clogging ability of the emitter itself and designing new emitter products. The selection of the flow path structure of the emitter has not been conducted on the basis of determining the appropriate simulation model with the condition of complex water quality. Therefore, the appropriate internal fluid movement model of the emitter was determined, the hydraulic performance and anti-clogging performance of the five nationally and internationally representative flow path structures were comprehensively evaluated, and finally the optimal structure of the emitter flow path was determined. The research results indicated that RNG k - ε model was the most suitable to simulate the flow field in the emitter by comprehensive analysis of the gap between simulated values and the measured values, the calculation accuracy and computational efficiency. The fractal flow path was relatively optimal for hydraulic performance and for anti-clogging performance. This study can provide theoretical support for improving the anti-clogging ability of the emitter itself and the design of the new emitter product. anticlogging anti sources products quality Therefore determined evaluated efficiency product

A direct, high-throughput and accurate method, multi-molecular infrared spectroscopic (MMIR) data fusion, was established for the detection of trace of estrone, diethylstilbestrol, betamethasone and prednisone acetate in peptide powders based on near-infrared and mid-infrared fusion datasets. Tri step MMIR with progressively improved resolution captured key fingerprint features of hormones in the regions of 3430-3250, 2950-2850, 1750-1550 and 1335-1050 cm-1 which were exclusively selected as the datasets. The back propagation neural network (BPNN) model with the best performance used a mid-level fusion strategy and achieved excellent root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP, 1.101 mg kg-1) and residual prediction deviation (RPD, 9.890). Compared to those of single dataset models, the RMSEP was reduced by more than 82.03%. This method had remarkable practical significance for the direct and accurate quality evaluation of peptide powder products with favorable limit of detection (LOD) but without pretreatment and chemical agents, verifying the feasibility of multiple analytical instruments for rapid and comprehensive detection of powdered foods. highthroughput high throughput multimolecular multi molecular (MMIR estrone diethylstilbestrol nearinfrared near midinfrared mid datasets 34303250, 34303250 3430 3250, 3250 3430-3250 29502850, 29502850 2950 2850, 2850 2950-2850 17501550 1750 1550 1750-155 13351050 1335 1050 1335-105 cm1 cm 1 cm- BPNN (BPNN midlevel level RMSEP, (RMSEP 1101 101 1.10 kg1 kg kg-1 RPD, RPD (RPD 9.890. 9890 9.890 . 9 890 9.890) models 8203 82 03 82.03% LOD (LOD agents foods 3430325 343 325 3430-325 2950285 295 285 2950-285 1750155 175 155 1750-15 1335105 133 105 1335-10 110 10 1.1 kg- 989 9.89 89 820 8 0 82.03 343032 34 32 3430-32 295028 29 28 2950-28 175015 17 15 1750-1 133510 13 1335-1 11 1. 98 9.8 82.0 34303 3 3430-3 29502 2 2950-2 17501 1750- 13351 1335- 9. 82. 3430- 2950-

RESUMO: A migração de crianças adultas rurais suscitou preocupações crescentes sobre a fragilidade do apoio intergeracional das crianças aos seus pais que ficaram para trás. Com base nos dados dos China Family Panel Studies, este artigo analisa sistematicamente o impacto da migração de crianças adultas rurais no apoio intergeracional aos seus pais de meia-idade e idosos que ficaram para trás e explora ainda mais o efeito moderador da cultura do clã sobre ela. Constatou-se que a migração de crianças adultas rurais não enfraquece o apoio intergeracional aos seus pais em todos os domínios, mas afeta as formas de apoio intergeracional; ou seja, muda de “servir ao lado” para “focar no material”, e de conforto emocional “face a face” para comunicação “em rede”. A cultura tradicional do clã não facilitou a mudança nas formas de apoio intergeracional das crianças, mas reforçou o apoio financeiro. Estes resultados são relevantes para uma conceção eficiente de políticas de cuidados para pais que ficaram para trás em todo o mundo. RESUMO Studies meiaidade meia idade ela Constatouse Constatou se domínios seja servir lado focar material, material , material” face rede. rede . rede” financeiro mundo

ABSTRACT: Rural adult children’s migration has raised growing concerns about the weakness in children’s intergenerational support to their left-behind parents. Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies, this paper systematically analyzed the impact of rural adult children’s migration on intergenerational support to their middle-aged and elderly left-behind parents and further explores the moderating effect of clan culture on it. It has found that the migration of rural adult children does not weaken intergenerational support for their parents across the board, but affects the forms of intergenerational support; that is, it changes from “serving on the side” to “focusing on material”, and from “face-to-face” emotion comfort to “network” communication. The traditional clan culture has not eased the shift in the forms of children’s intergenerational support but strengthened the financial support. These findings are relevant for an efficient policy design of care for left-behind parents worldwide. ABSTRACT childrens s leftbehind left behind Studies middleaged middle aged board is serving side focusing material, material , material” facetoface face “face-to-face network “network communication worldwide

The real-time sensing of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) vapor has become urgent due to their widespread hazards. As a sensing platform that combines low energy consumption and high sensitivity, moisture-resistant detection of ppb-level BTEX vapor remains a challenge for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based gas sensors. In this work, we employed polyaniline nanofibers as the sensing material, significantly enhancing the QCM sensor’s detection capability for BTEX vapor down to the 50 ppb level. Besides, thanks to the hydrophobicity of polyaniline nanofibers, this sensor shows minimal response fluctuations to BTEX vapor in the relative humidity range of 50-90%. Furthermore, this sensor exhibits a short response time and excellent long-term stability, thereby presenting a broad prospect for future industrial applications in BTEX vapor detection. realtime real benzene toluene ethylbenzene (BTEX hazards sensitivity moistureresistant moisture resistant ppblevel level (QCM sensors work material s 5 Besides 5090%. 5090 90%. 90 50-90% Furthermore longterm long term stability 5090% 509 90% 9 50-90 50-9 50-

BiOCl/KBiO3 p-n heterostructures with hierarchical mesoporous architectures were successfully synthesized via a facile in situ method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results indicate the formation of heterojunctions between BiOCl and KBiO3. The photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared samples was investigated by the degradation of dye Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. BiOCl/KBiO3 composite has never been used to photodegrade the RhB which is a common dye and very difficult to degrade. The results demonstrated that KBiO3 combined with proper amount of BiOCl nanosheets exhibited high efficiency in the photocatalytic process, and BiOCl/KBiO3 with the molar ratio of 70/30 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity due to its large surface area, excellent charge separation characteristics and the suppressed recombination of electron-hole pairs. The results of active species detection reveal that the superoxide radical anions (O2-), hydroxyl free radicals (·OH), photogenerated holes (h+) and photogenerated electrons (e-) reactive species work together for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. A possible and new mechanism of photocatalysis that differs from other teams was also explored and proposed. The present study will benefit the development of the new p-n heterojunction photocatalysts and would be of great importance to meet ever-increasing environmental demands in the future. BiOClKBiO3 BiOClKBiO KBiO BiOCl/KBiO pn p n method Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) XPS (XPS SEM (SEM asprepared as prepared (RhB irradiation degrade process 7030 70 30 70/3 area electronhole hole pairs O2, O2 O (O2-) ·OH, OH ·OH (·OH) h+ h (h+ e (e- proposed everincreasing ever increasing future (XRD 703 7 3 70/ (O2- (·OH (h (e (O2 (O

Resumo A competitividade das empresas do setor de sistemas eletromecânicos de engenharia desempenha um papel fundamental na promoção do crescimento econômico e da inovação. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um índice abrangente para avaliar a competitividade das empresas, com foco na eficiência operacional, posicionamento estratégico e o ambiente internacional. Empregando uma análise fatorial exploratória, os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário aplicado a 280 empresas em Moscou, Rússia. O índice proposto permite uma avaliação dinâmica da competitividade, permitindo a análise de indicadores-chave ao longo do tempo e prevendo mudanças na competitividade. As conclusões revelam fatores críticos que contribuem para a competitividade no sector, permitindo aos decisores formular estratégias para melhorar a sua posição competitiva. Esta pesquisa fornece informações valiosas para formuladores de políticas, profissionais da indústria e pesquisadores acadêmicos no aumento da competitividade das empresas de sistemas eletromecânicos de engenharia e na promoção do desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. As contribuições do estudo para a literatura e sua relevância prática o tornam um recurso valioso para o público acadêmico e do setor. inovação operacional internacional exploratória 28 Moscou Rússia indicadoreschave indicadores chave sector competitiva políticas sustentável 2

Abstract The competitiveness of enterprises in the electromechanical systems engineering sector plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and innovation. This study aims to design a comprehensive index for evaluating enterprise competitiveness, focusing on operational efficiency, strategic positioning, and the international environment. Employing an exploratory factor analysis, data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 280 enterprises in Moscow, Russia. The proposed index allows for a dynamic assessment of competitiveness, enabling the analysis of key indicators over time and predicting changes in competitiveness. The findings reveal critical factors contributing to competitiveness in the sector, enabling decision-makers to formulate strategies for improving their competitive position. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academic researchers in enhancing the competitiveness of electromechanical systems engineering enterprises and fostering sustainable economic development. The study's contributions to the literature and its practical relevance make it a valuable resource for academic and industry audiences alike. innovation efficiency positioning environment 28 Moscow Russia decisionmakers decision makers position policymakers practitioners development studys s alike 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: We aim to compare the safety and effectiveness of the KangDuo (KD)-Surgical Robot-01 (KD-SR-01) system and the da Vinci (DV) system for robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RARNU). Materials and Methods: This multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2022 and September 2023. Group 1 included 29 patients undergoing KD-RARNU. Group 2 included 29 patients undergoing DV-RARNU. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, perioperative data, and follow-up outcomes were collected prospectively and compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in patient baseline demographic and preoperative characteristics between the two groups. The success rates in both groups were 100% without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery or positive surgical margins. No significant difference was observed in docking time [242 (120-951) s vs 253 (62-498) s, P = 0.780], console time [137 (55-290) min vs 105 (62-220) min, P = 0.114], operative time [207 (121-460) min vs 185 (96-305) min, P = 0.091], EBL [50 (10-600) mL vs 50 (10-700) mL, P = 0.507], National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scores, and postoperative serum creatinine levels between the two groups. None of the patients showed evidence of distant metastasis, local recurrence, or equipment-related adverse events during the four-week follow-up. One (3.4%) patient in Group 2 experienced postoperative enterovaginal and enterovesical fistulas (Clavien-Dindo grade III). Conclusions: The KD-SR-01 system is safe and effective for RARNU compared to the DV Si or Xi system. Further randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are required. Introduction KDSurgical KD Surgical Robot01 Robot 01 Robot-0 KDSR01 KDSR SR (KD-SR-01 (DV robotassisted robot assisted RARNU. . (RARNU) Methods 202 2023 KDRARNU. KDRARNU KD-RARNU DVRARNU. DVRARNU DV-RARNU data followup follow up Results 100 margins 242 [24 120951 120 951 (120-951 25 62498 62 498 (62-498 0.780, 0780 0.780 , 0 780 0.780] 137 [13 55290 55 290 (55-290 10 62220 220 (62-220 0.114, 0114 0.114 114 0.114] 207 [20 121460 121 460 (121-460 18 96305 96 305 (96-305 0.091, 0091 0.091 091 0.091] [5 10600 600 (10-600 5 10700 700 (10-700 0.507, 0507 0.507 507 0.507] scores metastasis recurrence equipmentrelated equipment related fourweek four week followup. up. 3.4% 34 3 4 (3.4% ClavienDindo Clavien Dindo III. III III) Conclusions KD-SR-0 required Robot0 Robot- KDSR0 (KD-SR-0 (RARNU 20 24 [2 12095 12 95 (120-95 6249 6 49 (62-49 078 0.78 78 13 [1 5529 (55-29 6222 22 (62-22 011 0.11 11 12146 46 (121-46 9630 9 30 (96-30 009 0.09 09 [ 1060 60 (10-60 1070 70 (10-70 050 0.50 3.4 (3.4 KD-SR- (KD-SR- 1209 (120-9 624 (62-4 07 0.7 7 552 (55-2 622 (62-2 0.1 1214 (121-4 963 (96-3 00 0.0 106 (10-6 107 (10-7 05 0.5 3. (3. KD-SR (KD-SR (120- (62- 0. (55- (121- (96- (10- (3 (120 (62 (55 (121 (96 (10 ( (12 (6 (5 (9 (1

Abstract Objective To assess the outcome of patients with cancer-related sepsis requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in a single-center pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Method Children with sepsis who necessitate CRRT from January 2017 to December 2021 were enrolled. The patients with leukemia/lymphoma or solid tumors were defined as underlying cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the death risk factors in patients with cancer-related sepsis. Results A total of 146 patients were qualified for inclusion. Forty-six (31.5%) patients with cancer-related sepsis and 100 (68.5%) non-cancer-related sepsis. The overall PICU mortality was 28.1% (41/146), and mortality was significantly higher in cancer-related sepsis patients compared with non-cancer patients (41.3% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.016). Need mechanical ventilation, p-SOFA, acute liver failure, higher fluid overload at CRRT initiation, hypoalbuminemia, and high inotropic support were associated with PICU mortality in cancer-related sepsis patients. Moreover, levels of IL-6, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and international normalized ratio were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (p-SOFA) score (OR:1.805 [95%CI: 1.047-3.113]) and serum albumin level (OR: 0.758 [95%CI: 0.581 -0.988]) were death risk factors in cancer-related sepsis receiving CRRT, and the AUC of combined index of p-SOFA and albumin was 0.852 (95% CI: 0.730-0.974). Conclusion The overall PICU mortality is high in cancer-related sepsis necessitating CRRT. Higher p-SOFA and lower albumin were independent risk factors for PICU mortality. cancerrelated cancer related (CRRT singlecenter single center PICU. . (PICU) 201 202 enrolled leukemialymphoma leukemia lymphoma 14 inclusion Fortysix Forty six 31.5% 315 31 5 (31.5% 10 68.5% 685 68 (68.5% noncancerrelated non 281 28 1 28.1 41/146, 41146 41/146 , 41 (41/146) noncancer 41.3% 413 3 (41.3 vs 220 22 0 22.0% 0.016. 0016 0.016 016 0.016) ventilation pSOFA, pSOFA SOFA, SOFA initiation hypoalbuminemia Moreover IL6, IL6 IL 6, 6 IL-6 bilirubin creatinine nitrogen nonsurvivors survivors (p-SOFA OR1.805 OR1805 OR 1.805 805 (OR:1.80 95%CI 95CI CI 95 [95%CI 1.0473.113 10473113 1.047 3.113 047 113 1.047-3.113] (OR 0758 758 0.75 0581 581 0.58 0.988 0988 988 -0.988] 0852 852 0.85 95% (95 0.7300.974. 07300974 0.730 0.974 730 974 0.730-0.974) (PICU 20 31.5 (31.5 68.5 (68.5 2 28. 4114 41/14 4 (41/146 41.3 (41. 22.0 001 0.01 01 IL- OR1 OR1.80 OR180 1805 1.80 80 (OR:1.8 9 0473 1.0473.11 1047311 1047 1.04 3113 3.11 04 11 1.047-3.113 075 75 0.7 058 58 0.5 0.98 098 98 -0.988 085 85 0.8 (9 7300 0.7300.974 0730097 0730 0.73 0974 0.97 73 97 0.730-0.974 31. (31. 68. (68. 411 41/1 (41/14 41. (41 22. 00 0.0 OR1.8 OR18 180 1.8 8 (OR:1. 1.0473.1 104731 104 1.0 311 3.1 1.047-3.11 07 7 0. 05 0.9 09 -0.98 08 ( 0.7300.97 073009 073 097 0.730-0.97 (31 (68 41/ (41/1 (4 OR1. 18 1. (OR:1 1.0473. 10473 3. 1.047-3.1 -0.9 0.7300.9 07300 0.730-0.9 (3 (6 (41/ 1.0473 1.047-3. -0. 0.7300. 0.730-0. 1.047-3 -0 0.7300 0.730-0 1.047- - 0.730-

SUMMARY: The pharyngeal arch (PA) is a transient structure of vertebrate embryos. Their number varies from species to species; nine in lampreys, seven in teleosts, and six in amniotes. Each pharyngeal arch contains a nerve and an artery as well as skeletomuscular elements. There has been a long-standing controversy about the formation of the fifth PA. Here, we investigated the formation of the fifth PA by tracking the distribution of neural crest cells in pharyngeal arches in chick embryos. Fertilized chick and quail eggs were used. Neural crest cells were detected by using quail-chick cell tracing technique and in ovo electroporation of EGFP constructs. Our results showed that neural crest cells from the post-otic level contributed to all post-otic pharyngeal arches (PA3-6). In contrast, neural crest cells from the somite 1-3 level avoided to invade the third pharyngeal arch, although they gave rise post-otic pharyngeal arches. Based on the trajectory of neural crest cells, the fifth pharyngeal arch was visible between the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch, although it was considerably smaller compared to other arches. The fifth PA forms during early development at least in avian species. It is closer to the sixth PA than the fourth PA. This is in line with the formation of the fifth PAA, which can form a bypass and even fuse with the sixth PAA.

RESUMEN: El arco faríngeo (AF) es una estructura transitoria de los embriones de vertebrados. Su número varía de una especie a otra; nueve en lampreas, siete en teleósteos y seis en amniotas. Cada arco faríngeo contiene un nervio y una arteria, así como elementos esqueleto musculares. Ha existido una larga controversia sobre laformación del quinto arco faríngeo. En este trabajo investigamos la formación del quinto AF mediante el seguimiento de la distribución de las células de la cresta neural en los arcos faríngeos en embriones de pollo. Se utilizaron huevos de pollito y codorniz fertilizados. Las células de la cresta neural se detectaron mediante la técnica de rastreo de células de polluelos de codorniz y la electroporación in ovo de construcciones de EGFP. Nuestros resultados mostraron que las células de la cresta neural del nivel postótico contribuyeron a todos los arcos faríngeos postóticos (AF3-6). Por el contrario, las células de la cresta neural del nivel somita 1-3 evitaron invadir el tercer arco faríngeo, aunque dieron lugar a arcos faríngeos postóticos. Según la trayectoria de las células de la cresta neural, el quinto arco faríngeo era visible entre el cuarto y el sexto arco faríngeo, aunque era considerablemente más pequeño en comparación con otros arcos. El quinto AF se forma durante el desarrollo temprano, al menos en especies de aves. Se encuentra más cerca del sexto AF que del cuarto AF. Esto concuerda con la formación del quinto AAF, que puede formar un bypass e incluso fusionarse con el sexto AAF.

SUMMARY: In current study, we used Nissl staining to examine the histological structure of the juvenile Chinese alligator brain, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to detail the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) localization and morphology of neurons belonging to the serotonergic system. Nissl staining revealed that the Chinese alligator brain was divided into four regions (telencephalon, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum) and a connected ventricular system (containing the pair of lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle and the aqueduct). According to the IHC results, 5-HT immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) neurons were primarily observed in the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PH), tectum and tegmentum of the optic lobes, the medial longitudinal fasciculus (Flm) of medulla oblongata and the cerebellar cortex. 5-HT-IR fibers were mostly located lateral to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PH), in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) of the medulla oblongata, and in the choroid plexus (CP) of the lateral ventricles. Additionally, our findings paralleled those results of other reptiles; nevertheless, some distinctions in terms of both histological architecture and function were identified. The layering of the cerebral cortex and tectum, as well as the arrangement of Purkinje cells, differed between reptile brains. The distribution of 5-HT-IR neurons varied in the layer of cerebral and cerebellar cortex when compared to other reptiles. Within the diencephalon, 5-HT-IR neurons formed distinct nuclei in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PH), but few in the infundibular recess.

RESUMEN: Utilizamos la tinción de Nissl para examinar la estructura histológica del cerebro juvenil del caimán chino y la tinción inmunohistoquímica (IHC) para detallar la localización y morfología de la serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina, 5-HT) de las neuronas que pertenecen al sistema serotoninérgico. La tinción de Nissl reveló que el cerebro del caimán chino estaba dividido en cuatro regiones (telencéfalo, diencéfalo, tronco encefálico y cerebelo) y un sistema ventricular conectado (que contiene el par de ventrículos laterales, el tercer ventrículo, el cuarto ventrículo y el acueducto). Según los resultados de IHC, las neuronas inmunorreactivas 5-HT (5-HT-IR) se observaron principalmente en la corteza cerebral, el núcleo paraventricular (PH) hipotalámico, el tectum y tegmento de los lóbulos ópticos, el fascículo longitudinal medial (Flm) de médula oblonga y la corteza cerebelosa. Las fibras 5-HT-IR se ubicaron principalmente lateral al núcleo paraventricular (PH) hipotalámico, en el núcleo vestibular medial (MVe) de la médula oblonga y en el plexo coroideo (CP) de los ventrículos laterales. Además, nuestros hallazgos fueron semejantes a los resultados obtenidos de otros reptiles; sin embargo, se identificaron algunas distinciones en términos tanto de arquitectura histológica como de función. Las capas de la corteza cerebral y el tectum, así como la disposición de las neuronas purkinjenses, diferían entre los cerebros de los reptiles. La distribución de las neuronas 5-HT-IR varió en la capa de la corteza cerebral y cerebelosa en comparación con otros reptiles. Dentro del diencéfalo, las neuronas 5-HT-IR formaron núcleos distintos en el núcleo paraventricular (PH) hipotalámico, pero pocos en el receso infundibular.

Abstract: Computational psychiatry (CP), based on artificial intelligence technology, plays an increasingly important role in scientific research and medical diagnosis. Epistemic concerns in the ethics of artificial intelligence have also been at the center of debate in CP, but the different epistemic forms of injustice caused by the internal cultures of CP remain unexplained. We distinguish between data-driven and theory-driven cultures and their research purposes via practical examples of CP models deployed in addiction. A data-driven culture may advance medical understanding of biological categories of mental illness, whereas a theory-driven culture provides better explanatory mechanisms between symptoms and biology. We discuss testimonial injustice caused by the silencing of patient voices in a data-driven culture, and hermeneutic injustice caused by the non-sharing of hermeneutic resources in theory-driven culture based on Miranda Fricker’s account of epistemic injustice. We analyze the factors underlying nuances in epistemic forms between the two, such as naturalistic-dominated medical understanding and the system’s epistemic privileging. The above epistemic risks all indicate the intricacies of mental disorders and require that success be assessed in terms of actual benefit to patients. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the patient’s phenomenology and call for greater inclusion of patients in psychiatric decision-making processes.

Resumen: La psiquiatría computacional (PC), basada en la tecnología de la inteligencia artificial, desempeña un papel cada vez más importante en la investigación científica y el diagnóstico médico. Las preocupaciones epistémicas en la ética de la inteligencia artificial también han estado en el centro del debate en la PC, pero las diferentes formas epistémicas de injusticia causadas por las culturas internas de la PC siguen sin explicarse. Distinguimos entre las culturas basadas en los datos y las impulsadas por la teoría y sus propósitos de investigación mediante ejemplos prácticos de modelos de CP mostrados en la adicción. Una cultura impulsada por los datos puede hacer avanzar la comprensión médica de las categorías biológicas de las enfermedades mentales, mientras que una cultura impulsada por la teoría proporciona mejores mecanismos explicativos entre los síntomas y la biología. Basándonos en el relato de Miranda Fricker sobre la injusticia epistémica, discutimos la injusticia testimonial causada por el silenciamiento de los pacientes en una cultura centrada en los datos y la injusticia hermenéutica causada por el hecho de no compartir estos recursos en una cultura centrada en la teoría, Analizamos los factores que subyacen a los matices en las formas epistémicas entre ambas, como la comprensión médica dominada por el naturalismo y el privilegio epistémico del sistema. Todos los riesgos mencionados indican la complejidad de los trastornos mentales y exigen que el éxito se evalúe en términos de beneficio real para los pacientes. Por último, hacemos hincapié en la importancia de la fenomenología del paciente y pedimos una mayor inclusión de los pacientes en los procesos de toma de decisiones psiquiátricas.

Resumo: Psiquiatria computacional (PC), baseada na tecnologia da inteligência artificial, tem um papel crescentemente importante na pesquisa científica e no diagnóstico médico. Preocupações epistêmicas na ética da inteligência artificial tem também estado no centro das discussões da PC, mas as diferentes formas epistêmicas de injustiça causadas pelas culturas internas da PC permanecem inexplicáveis. Distinguimos entre culturas orientadas por dados e orientada por teorias e seus propósitos de pesquisa via exemplos práticos de modelos de PC empregados em dependências. Uma cultura orientada por dados pode avançar a compreensão médica de categorias biológicas de doença mental, enquanto uma cultura orientada por teorias fornece melhores mecanismos explicativos entre sintomas e biologia. Discutimos injustiça testemunhal causada pelo silenciamento de vozes de pacientes em uma cultura orientada por dados e injustiça hermenêutica causada pelo não compartilhamento de recursos hermenêuticos em cultura orientada por teorias, baseados no relato de Miranda Fricker sobre injustiça epistêmica. Analisamos os fatores subjacentes às nuances nas formas epistêmicas entre os dois, tais como a compreensão médica dominada pelo naturalismo e o privilégios epistêmicos do sistema. Todos os riscos epistêmicos citados anteriormente indicam as complexidades dos transtornos mentais e requerem que sucesso seja avaliado em termos de benefício real aos pacientes. Finalmente, enfatizamos a importância da fenomenologia do paciente e clamamos por maior inclusão de pacientes em processos de tomada de decisão psiquiátrica.

Abstract Objective Platelet to albumin ratio (PAR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are potential indicators for evaluating nutritional and inflammatory status. This study aimed to examine the relationship between PAR and PNI and the acute complicated course of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). Methods AHO patients were divided into the simple course group and the acute complicated course group. The patient's gender, age, site of infection, body temperature, laboratory results, and pathogen culture results were collected and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of the acute complicated course group. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the optimal cut-off value. Results In total, 101 AHO patients with a median age of 7.58 years were included. There were 63 cases (62.4 %) in the simple course group and 38 cases (37.6 %) in the complicated course group. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that PAR and PNI were independent risk factors for predicting the acute complicated course of AHO (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of PAR and PNI had an area under the curve of 0.777 (95 % CI: 0.680-0.873, p < 0.001) with a cut-off value of 0.51. Conclusions The incidence of acute complicated courses was significantly higher in patients with high PAR and low PNI. A combined factor greater than 0.51, derived from PAR and PNI measurements within 24 h of admission, may be useful for predicting AHO patients who are likely to develop severe disease. (PAR (PNI status AHO. . (AHO) patient s gender infection temperature compared cutoff cut off total 10 758 7 58 7.5 included 6 62.4 624 62 4 (62. 3 37.6 376 37 (37. 0004 0 004 0.00 0001 001 0.001 respectively. respectively respectively) 0777 777 0.77 95 (9 CI 0.6800.873, 06800873 0.680 0.873, 680 873 0.680-0.873 051 51 0.51 2 admission disease (AHO 1 75 5 7. 62. (62 37. (37 000 00 0.0 077 77 0.7 9 ( 6800 0.6800.873 0680087 0680 0.68 0873 0.873 68 87 0.680-0.87 05 0.5 (6 (3 0. 07 0.6800.87 068008 068 0.6 087 0.87 8 0.680-0.8 0.6800.8 06800 06 08 0.8 0.680-0. 0.6800. 0.680-0 0.6800 0.680-

Resumo Muitas das dúvidas, disputas e incompreensões sobre a teoria na pesquisa em Direito ocorrem porque frequentemente não nos atentamos para o fato de que a teoria pode ter diversas definições e usos a depender do tipo de pesquisa em Direito que se produz. Portanto, para esclarecer os diferentes conceitos de teoria e as suas funções, o presente artigo apresenta e discute quatro tipos de pesquisa no Direito, que refletem dimensões diferentes dessa disciplina: Direito como disciplina prática, como ciência social positivista, como ciência social interpretativista e como humanidade. Compreender essas diferenças desfaz algumas confusões e angústia em torno do uso teoria na pesquisa em Direito e permite que se trabalhe com a teoria de forma mais rigorosa, além de ajudar a posicionar o campo da pesquisa em Direito em relação a outras disciplinas e à prática jurídica. dúvidas produz Portanto funções positivista humanidade rigorosa jurídica

Abstract Many of the doubts, disputes, and misunderstandings surrounding theory in legal research are due to our lack of attention to the fact that there are different types of legal research and that each of them understands, uses, and creates theory in its own way. Therefore, to clarify the different concepts and functions of theory, this article presents and discusses four types of legal research, which reflect different discipline dimensions: Law as a practical discipline, Law as a positivist social science, Law as an interpretivist social science, and Law as a humanity. Understanding these differences can help unmake some of the misunderstandings and anxieties around the use of theory in legal research and allow a more rigorous employment of theory by researchers. It also helps to position the field of legal research in relation to other disciplines and legal practice. doubts disputes understands uses way Therefore dimensions science humanity researchers practice

Resumo Historicamente, são necessários, em média, 17 anos para que novos tratamentos passem da evidência clínica para a prática diária. Considerando os tratamentos altamente eficazes disponíveis atualmente para prevenir ou retardar o início e a progressão da doença renal, esse período é demasiadamente longo. Agora é o momento de reduzir a lacuna entre o que sabemos e aquilo que fazemos. Existem diretrizes claras para a prevenção e o manejo dos fatores de risco comuns para doenças renais, como hipertensão e diabetes, mas apenas uma fração das pessoas com essas condições é diagnosticada mundialmente, e um número ainda menor recebe tratamento adequado. Da mesma forma, a grande maioria das pessoas que sofrem de doença renal não têm conhecimento de sua condição, pois ela costuma ser silenciosa nos estágios iniciais. Mesmo entre pacientes que foram diagnosticados, muitos não recebem tratamento adequado para a doença renal. Levando em consideração as graves consequências da progressão da doença renal, insuficiência renal ou óbito, é imperativo que os tratamentos sejam iniciados precocemente e de maneira adequada. As oportunidades para diagnosticar e tratar precocemente a doença renal devem ser maximizadas, começando no nível da atenção primária. Existem muitas barreiras sistemáticas, que vão desde o paciente até o médico, passando pelos sistemas de saúde e por fatores sociais. Para preservar e melhorar a saúde renal para todos em qualquer lugar, cada uma dessas barreiras deve ser reconhecida para que soluções sustentáveis sejam desenvolvidas e implementadas sem mais demora. Historicamente necessários média 1 diária longo fazemos renais diabetes mundialmente forma condição iniciais diagnosticados óbito adequada maximizadas primária sistemáticas médico sociais lugar demora

Abstract Historically, it takes an average of 17 years for new treatments to move from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. Now is the time to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions are diagnosed worldwide, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition, because it is often silent in the early stages. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from the patient to the clinician to the health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay. Historically 1 practice progression long diabetes worldwide target Similarly condition stages failure death appropriately level everywhere