Tribo-electrostatic separation is a promising method for effectively utiliing low-grade magnesite resources by removing quartz and improving the grade of magnesite. To determine the charge-to-mass ratios of pure magnesite and quartz, a triboelectric measurement system was employed, and a laboratory tribo-electrostatic separation system was used to separate low-grade magnesite. The results showed that the maximum difference in charge-to-mass ratio between pure magnesite and quartz particles was observed after friction with polyvinyl chloride. The grade and recovery of magnesite increased with temperature and initially increased with increasing voltage, feed rate, and air flowrate before gradually decreasing. The optimal conditions resulted in a concentrate with 46.91% MgO content and 77.36% recovery, while the quartz content decreased from 7.02% to 1.95%. These experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of tribo-electrostatic separation in removing quartz and upgrading magnesite.

Resumo A mosca-branca é uma das pragas agrícolas mais difundidas no mundo. Os óleos essenciais podem ser usados para controlar esse inseto de forma ambientalmente responsável. A atividade fumigante, repelente e antioviposição de óleos essenciais extraídos com etanol de Trachyspermum ammi, Withania coagulans e Murraya koenigii contra Bemisia tabaci foi investigada neste estudo. No experimento, foram utilizadas três concentrações de óleo essencial (2,5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL e 10 mg/mL). Trachyspermum ammi teve a maior porcentagem de morte de mosca-branca em experimentos de laboratório devido à sua toxicidade fumigante; a mesma tendência foi encontrada na toxicidade de contato e efeito repelente. A porcentagem de mortalidade aumenta à medida que a concentração de óleo essencial aumenta com o tempo do bioensaio. À medida que a concentração de óleo essencial cresce com o tempo de bioensaio, o mesmo acontece com a taxa de mortalidade. A maioria das moscas-brancas adultas escapou da estufa das plantas tratadas devido à maior concentração de óleo essencial. A maior repelência foi encontrada com óleo essencial de Trachyspermum ammi a 10 mg/mL. O óleo essencial apresentou a maior eficácia antioviposição contra moscas-brancas. Trachyspermum ammi teve o mais potente impedimento antioviposição, seguido por Withania coagulans em segundo lugar. Murraya koenigii terminou em terceiro com antioviposição moderada, o que afeta o número de ovos produzidos em relação ao controle. Como consequência, esses três óleos podem ser usados como um bioinseticida eficaz e ambientalmente aceitável para controlar B. tabaci.

Abstract Whitefly is one of the most widespread agricultural pests in the world. Essential oils might be used to control this insect in an environmentally responsible way. The fumigant, repellent, and anti-oviposition activity of ethanol-extracted essential oils of Trachyspermum ammi, Withania coagulans, and Murraya koenigii against Bemisia tabaci was investigated in this study. In the experiment, three essential oil concentrations (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) were used. Trachyspermum ammi had the highest percentage of whitefly death in laboratory experiments due to its fumigant toxicity; the same tendency was found in contact toxicity and repellent effect. Mortality percent rises as the concentration of essential oil increases with bioassay time. As the concentration of essential oil grows with bioassay time, so does the mortality rate. The most adult whiteflies escaped from the treated plants' greenhouse due to the highest essential oil concentration. The greatest repellency was found with Trachyspermum ammi essential oil at 10 mg/mL. The essential oil had the greatest anti-oviposition efficacy against whiteflies. Trachyspermum ammi possessed the most potent anti-oviposition deterrent, followed by Withania coagulans in second place. Murraya koenigii finished third with moderate anti-oviposition, which affects the number of eggs produced in comparison to the control. As a consequence, these three oils might be used as an effective and environmentally acceptable bio-insecticide to control B. tabaci.

BiOCl nanosheets modified with AuCu nanoparticles were successfully designed and fabricated for water reduction of CO2. The AuxCuy/BiOCl composites exhibited enhanced visible light absorption ability due to a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The AuxCuy/BiOCl composites could convert carbon dioxide to ethane (C2H6), while only CO was obtained over pure BiOCl nanosheets. In this study, the rate of C2H6 production (12.2 μmol h-1 g-1) and selectivity of C2H6 (75.7%) were obtained over the Au1Cu1/BiOCl photocatalyst under simulated sunlight illumination. The AuCu nanoparticles played the dual role of electron traps and hot electron donors, facilitating efficient separation and migration of the carriers. The photocatalyst exhibited steady photocatalytic activity over the test duration of 9 h. CO2 AuxCuyBiOCl AuxCuy SPR (SPR effect C2H6, CH , C H (C2H6) study C2H 12.2 122 12 2 (12. h1 h 1 h- g1 g g-1 75.7% 757 75 7 (75.7% Au1Cu1BiOCl AuCuBiOCl Au1Cu1 Au Cu illumination donors carriers (C2H6 12. (12 g- 75.7 (75.7 Au1Cu (C2H (1 75. (75. ( (75 (7

Ammonia contamination in water is a signifcant environmental issue since it is toxic and leads to eutrophication. Photocatalysis has been investigated as a strategy for ammonia degradation but can potentially form toxic nitrite (NO2–) and nitrate (NO3–) byproducts. This work reports on the ability of niobium oxide (Nb2O5) to photocatalytically oxidize aqueous-phase ammonia (NH3). Whereas as-synthesized Nb2O5 showed little catalytic activity (< 1% NH3 conversion after 6 h of UV-C irradiation, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and under O2 headspace), Nb2O5 treated in basic solution (OH-Nb2O5) was able to photocatalytically degrade NH3 at ca. 9% conversion after six hours, with ca. 70% selectivity to the desired N2, with a frst-order rate constant of ca. 12 times higher than the as synthesize catalyst (1.6 × 10–3 min–1 vs. 2.0 × 10–2 min–1). Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of terminal Nb=O species after base treatment of Nb2O5, implicating them as catalytically active sites. These results underscore how a simple structural modifcation can signifcantly affect photocatalytic activity for aqueous ammonia oxidation. eutrophication NO2– NO2 NO (NO2– NO3– NO3 (NO3– byproducts NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 aqueousphase phase NH3. NH . (NH3) assynthesized synthesized Nb2O < ( 1 UVC UV C irradiation pressure headspace, headspace , headspace) OHNb2O5 OHNbO OH (OH-Nb2O5 ca 9 hours 70 N2 N frstorder frst order 1.6 16 (1. 103 10 3 10– min1 min min– vs 20 2 0 2. 102 min–1. min–1) sites oxidation (NO2 (NO3 (Nb2O (NH3 OHNb OHNb2O (OH-Nb2O 7 1. (1 (NO (NH

Abstract Objectives The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within synovial joints and tissues is the initiating factor for gout arthritis. Thus, MSU crystals are a vital tool for studying gout's molecular mechanism in animal and cellular models. This study mainly compared the excellence and worseness of MSU crystals prepared by different processes and the degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. Methods MSU crystals were prepared using neutralization, alkali titration, and acid titration methods. The crystals' shape, length, quality, and uniformity were observed by polarized light microscopy and calculated by the software Image J. The foot pad and air pouch models were used to assess the different degrees of inflammation induced by the MSU crystals prepared by the three different methods at different time points. Paw swelling was evaluated by caliper. In air pouch lavage fluid, inflammatory cell recruitment was measured by hemocytometer, and the level of IL-1β TNF- α, and IL-18 by ELISA. Inflammatory cell infiltration was assayed by immunohistochemistry of air pouch synovial slices. Results For the preparation of MSU crystals with the same uric acid, the quantity acquired by the alkalization method was highest, followed by neutralization, with the acid titration method being the lowest. The crystals prepared by neutralization were the longest. The swelling index of the foot pad induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other methods at 24 h. The inflammatory cell recruitment and level of 1-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 in air pouch lavage fluid were lowest in animals with crystals prepared by acid titration. IL-1β secretion induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other two groups, but there was no significant difference in IL-18 secretion between the three groups in THP-1 macrophages and BMDMs. Conclusions All three methods can successfully prepare MSU crystals, but the levels of inflammation induced by the crystals prepared by the three methods were not identical. The degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals prepared by neutralization and alkalization is greater than by acid titration, but the quantity of MSU crystals obtained by the alkalization method is higher and less time-consuming. Apparently, the window of inflammation triggered by acid titration preparation is shorter compared to other forms of crystal preparation. Overall, MSU crystals prepared by the alkaline method should be recommended for studying the molecular mechanisms of gout in animal and cellular models. (MSU arthritis Thus gouts s shape length quality J points caliper hemocytometer IL1β ILβ IL 1β β TNF α IL18 18 IL-1 ELISA slices highest longest 2 h 11β, 11β 1 1β, 1-1β TNFα, TNFα TNF-α THP1 THP THP- BMDMs identical timeconsuming. timeconsuming consuming. consuming time-consuming Apparently Overall IL1 IL-

Abstract Yanlishuang Pills is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat pharyngitis widely. In this study, we used gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a method for the fingerprint and quantitative analysis of the four major components of Yanlishuang Pills, which can provide a more reliable method for its quality control. We used the software “Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine”, version A, 2004, to obtain fingerprint using the averaging method with a time width of 0.1. The peak with the largest peak area was used as the reference peak to determine the shared peaks and generate the common pattern. Then the main components of the Yanlishuang Pills were identified and their contents were determined in GC-MS SIM mode using internal standard method.The fingerprint established by GC-MS were reproducible, and a total of 18 common peaks were identified in the fingerprint of 13 batches of samples, and the similarity of the fingerprint of each batch of samples was above 0.99. The concentrations of camphor, menthone, borneol and menthol of the four main ingredients of the Yanlishuang Pills were linearly well within the range of 25.13-150.78 μg/mL (r = 0.9995), 28.77-172.62 μg/mL (r = 0.9991), 299.70-1798.20 μg/mL (r = 0.9997), 121.98-731.88 μg/mL (r = 0.9997), and the average recoveries were 102.02% (RSD of 1.3%), 96.10% (RSD of 1.0%), 102.71% (RSD of 1.3%), 102.58% (RSD of 1.1%), respectively, with good precision, reproducibility, and stability within 16 h. The camphor content of the 13 batches of samples was 5.6025-8.3662 mg/g, menthone content was 4.7871-5.8936 mg/g, borneol content was 88.0034-133.0969 mg/g and menthol was 40.2017-61.9466 mg/g. The fingerprints of the Yanlishuang Pills established by GC-MS were characterized by a common pattern, and the simultaneous determination of camphor, menthone, borneol and menthol in the Yanlishuang Pills was rapid, simple and accurate. In conclusion, the determination of the content of multiple ingredients combined with fingerprinting can provide a more comprehensive control of the quality of Yanlishuang Pills. widely study GCMS GC MS (GC-MS Chromatographic Medicine, Medicine , Medicine” A 2004 01 0 1 0.1 pattern methodThe reproducible 099 99 0.99 25.13150.78 251315078 25.13 150.78 25 150 78 25.13-150.7 μgmL μg mL r 0.9995, 09995 0.9995 9995 0.9995) 28.77172.62 287717262 28.77 172.62 28 77 172 62 28.77-172.6 0.9991, 09991 0.9991 9991 0.9991) 299.701798.20 29970179820 299.70 1798.20 299 70 1798 20 299.70-1798.2 0.9997, 09997 0.9997 9997 0.9997) 121.98731.88 1219873188 121.98 731.88 121 98 731 88 121.98-731.8 10202 102 02 102.02 RSD 1.3%, 1.3% 3 1.3%) 9610 96 10 96.10 1.0%, 1.0% 1.0%) 10271 71 102.71 10258 58 102.58 1.1%, 11 1.1% 1.1%) respectively precision reproducibility h 5.60258.3662 5602583662 5.6025 8.3662 5 6025 8 3662 5.6025-8.366 mgg mg g 4.78715.8936 4787158936 4.7871 5.8936 4 7871 8936 4.7871-5.893 88.0034133.0969 8800341330969 88.0034 133.0969 0034 133 0969 88.0034-133.096 40.201761.9466 402017619466 40.2017 61.9466 40 2017 61 9466 40.2017-61.946 rapid accurate conclusion 200 0. 09 9 0.9 13150 25.13150.7 25131507 2513 25.1 15078 150.7 2 15 7 25.13-150. 0999 0.999 999 77172 28.77172.6 28771726 2877 28.7 17262 172.6 17 6 28.77-172. 701798 299.701798.2 2997017982 29970 299.7 179820 1798.2 29 179 299.70-1798. 98731 121.98731.8 121987318 12198 121.9 73188 731.8 12 73 121.98-731. 1020 102.0 1.3 961 96.1 1.0 1027 102.7 1025 102.5 1.1 60258 5.60258.366 560258366 56025 5.602 83662 8.366 602 366 5.6025-8.36 78715 4.78715.893 478715893 47871 4.787 58936 5.893 787 893 4.7871-5.89 0034133 88.0034133.096 880034133096 880034 88.003 1330969 133.096 003 096 88.0034-133.09 201761 40.201761.946 40201761946 402017 40.201 619466 61.946 201 946 40.2017-61.94 1315 25.13150. 2513150 251 25. 1507 150. 25.13-150 7717 28.77172. 2877172 287 28. 1726 172. 28.77-172 70179 299.701798. 299701798 2997 299. 17982 1798. 299.70-1798 9873 121.98731. 12198731 1219 121. 7318 731. 121.98-731 102. 1. 96. 5.60258.36 56025836 5602 5.60 8366 8.36 60 36 5.6025-8.3 4.78715.89 47871589 4787 4.78 5893 5.89 89 4.7871-5.8 003413 88.0034133.09 88003413309 88003 88.00 133096 133.09 00 88.0034-133.0 20176 40.201761.94 4020176194 40201 40.20 61946 61.94 94 40.2017-61.9 131 25.13150 251315 25.13-15 771 28.77172 287717 28.77-17 7017 299.701798 29970179 299.70-179 987 121.98731 1219873 121.98-73 5.60258.3 5602583 560 5.6 836 8.3 5.6025-8. 4.78715.8 4787158 478 4.7 589 5.8 4.7871-5. 00341 88.0034133.0 8800341330 8800 88.0 13309 133.0 88.0034-133. 40.201761.9 402017619 4020 40.2 6194 61.9 40.2017-61. 25.1315 25131 25.13-1 28.7717 28771 28.77-1 701 299.70179 2997017 299.70-17 121.9873 121987 121.98-7 5.60258. 560258 56 5. 83 8. 5.6025-8 4.78715. 478715 47 4. 4.7871-5 88.0034133. 880034133 880 88. 1330 133. 88.0034-133 40.201761. 40201761 402 40. 619 61. 40.2017-61 25.131 25.13- 28.771 28.77- 299.7017 299701 299.70-1 121.987 121.98- 5.60258 5.6025- 4.78715 4.7871- 88.0034133 88003413 88.0034-13 40.201761 4020176 40.2017-6 299.701 299.70- 88.003413 8800341 88.0034-1 40.20176 40.2017- 88.00341 88.0034-

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria are widely used as probiotics in food fermentation and exhibit various health-promoting properties. This study describes the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, and enzyme inhibition prosperities of blueberry juice. Three different strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus JYLA-16, Lactobacillus plantarum JYLP-375, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JYLR-005) were selected to ferment the blueberry juice at 37 °C for 48 h. After fermentation, the content of total phenolics and flavonoids increased. Meanwhile, the UPLC-LTQ-MS/MS system conducted the biotransformation of phenols during fermentation. LAB fermentation induced an upgraded trend of syringic acid, ferulic acid, erucic acid, rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and isoorientin. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that phenolics' metabolism probably contributed to enhancing antioxidant activities. LAB also improved active ingredient retention and antioxidant capacities after in vitro simulated digestion. Finally, we investigated the α-glucosidase inhibitory and α-amylase inhibition of the fermented juice and found that LAB fermentation could improve the inhibition of these enzymes. This study indicated that LAB fermentation could be an efficient strategy for enhancing functional activities in blueberry juice by bio-transforming the phenolics. healthpromoting health promoting properties (LAB profiles JYLA16, JYLA16 JYLA 16, 16 JYLA-16 JYLP375, JYLP375 JYLP 375, 375 JYLP-375 JYLR005 JYLR 005 JYLR-005 3 C 4 h increased Meanwhile UPLCLTQMS/MS UPLCLTQMSMS UPLC LTQ MS/MS MS rutin catechin epicatechin isoorientin Pearsons Pearson s digestion Finally αglucosidase α glucosidase αamylase amylase enzymes biotransforming bio transforming JYLA1 1 JYLA-1 JYLP37 JYLP-37 JYLR00 00 JYLR-00 UPLCLTQMS MSMS JYLA- JYLP3 JYLP-3 JYLR0 0 JYLR-0 JYLP- JYLR-

Abstract: Blumea balsamifera is a very famous medicinal plant and functional tea in many countries of Asia. Ainaxiang tablets are a preparation consisting of flavonoids from B. balsamifera. Today, a high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 15 flavonoids in Ainaxiang Tablets. The analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a binary gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.2% aqueous acetic acid. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, stability, precision and accuracy. It was found that this method had linearity with R2 at 0.9992- 0.9999 in the test range of 0.15-276.40 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 15 tested reference compounds were 0.01-0.28µg/mL and 0.02 - 0.55µg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for intra-day and inter-day repeatability were not more than 3.18%. The analyzed samples were stable for at least 18 h. The spike recoveries for 15 analyzed samples were 106.17 - 95.02%. The results suggested that this newly developed HPLC method could be used for quantitative analysis of flavonoids in Ainaxiang Tablets and its raw materials. Abstract Asia B Today 1 C C1 250 (25 46 4 6 4. mm µm 02 0 2 0.2 acid sensitivity stability accuracy R 0.9992 09992 9992 09999 9999 0.999 0.15276.40 01527640 0.15 276.40 276 40 0.15-276.4 µgmL µg mL µg/mL LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 0.010.28µg/mL 001028µgmL 0.01 0.28µg/mL 01 28µg 002 0.0 055µgmL 55µg 0.55µg/mL respectively RSD% RSD (RSD% intraday intra day interday inter 318 3 3.18% h 10617 106 17 106.1 9502 95 95.02% materials 25 (2 0. 0999 999 0.99 15276 0.15276.4 0152764 015 0.1 27640 276.4 27 0.15-276. 010 001 028µgmL 00 (RSD 31 3.18 1061 10 106. 950 9 95.02 ( 099 99 0.9 1527 0.15276. 015276 2764 276. 0.15-276 3.1 95.0 09 152 0.15276 01527 0.15-27 3. 95. 0.1527 0152 0.15-2 0.152 0.15-

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos antibióticos comuns contra diferentes microrganismos em bovinos aparentemente saudáveis na província de Shandong e seus subúrbios. Um total de 220 amostras de esfregaço nasal foi coletado e cultivado para avaliação bacteriológica. Todos os isolados de bactérias após identificação preliminar foram submetidos a estudos de antibiograma seguindo o método de difusão em disco. Verificou-se no estudo que E. coli é o isolado mais comumente associado (21%), seguido por Klebsiella spp. (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Salmonella spp. (15%), Shigella spp (12%) e Proteus spp (11%). Enquanto os estudos de antibiograma revelaram que o maior número de isolados bacterianos apresentou resistência à Ampicilina (95%), seguido por Augmentin (91%), Cefuroxima (85%) e Tetraciclina (95%) de (Escherichia coli e Klebsiella spp). No caso de Pseudomonas spp. e Salmonella, a maior resistência foi apresentada pela Ampicilina (90%) seguida pela Amoxicilina + Ácido Clavulânico (80%), Cefixima (90%) e Eritromicina (80%). Em Shigella spp e Salmonella spp, a maior resistência foi demonstrada por Amoxicilina, Ceftazidima, Augmentina (60%) e Amoxicilina + Ácido Clavulânico (50%). Conclui-se que estudos de antibiograma in vitro de isolados bacterianos revelaram maior resistência para Ampicilina, Augmentina, Cefuroxima, Cefixima, Tetraciclina, Eritromicina e Amoxicilina + Ácido Clavulânico. Os altos índices de resistência a antibióticos múltiplos (MARI) observados em todos os isolados neste estudo variaram de 0,6 a 0,9. O valor MARI de > 0,2 sugere várias bactérias resistentes a antibióticos e indica a presença de bactérias altamente resistentes.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of common antibiotics against different microorganisms in apparently healthy cattle in Shandong province and its suburb. A total of 220 nasal swab samples were collected and cultured for bacteriological evaluation. All the bacteria isolates after preliminary identification were subjected to antibiogram studies following disc diffusion method. It was found in the study that E. coli is the most commonly associated isolate (21%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Salmonella spp. (15%), Shigella spp (12%), and Proteus spp (11%). While the antibiogram studies reveled that highest number of bacterial isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin (95%), followed by Augmentin (91%), Cefuroxime (85%) and Tetracycline (95%) of (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp). In the case of pseudomonas spp. and Salmonella the highest resistance was showed by Ampicillin (90%) followed by Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (80%), Cefixime (90%), and Erythromycin (80%). In Shigella spp and Salmonella spp highest resistance was showed by Amoxicillin, Ceftazidime, Augmentin (60%), and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (50%). It is concluded that in vitro antibiogram studies of bacterial isolates revealed higher resistance for Ampicillin, Augmentin, Cefuroxime, Cefixime, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid. The high multiple Antibiotics resistance indexes (MARI) observed in all the isolates in this study ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. MARI value of >0.2 is suggests multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and indicate presence of highly resistant bacteria.

Resumo Os medicamentos combinados de β-lactâmicos / inibidores da lactamase (BLBLIs) são considerados uma alternativa eficaz aos carbapenêmicos. No entanto, existe uma preocupação crescente de que o aumento do uso de BLBLIs pode levar ao aumento da resistência. Este estudo determinou a associação temporal entre o consumo de BLBLI e a resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias gram-negativas. Neste estudo retrospectivo, os dados eletrônicos sobre as bactérias gram-negativas isoladas, incluindo A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli e K. pneumoniae de pacientes internados e os resultados dos testes de suscetibilidade foram recuperados dos registros médicos do laboratório clínico. Uma regressão linear e análise de correlação cruzada foram realizadas nos dados adquiridos. Foram observadas tendências crescentes (p < 0,05) no consumo de BIBLI e carbapenem com uma mediana de uso de 27,68 e 34,46 DDD/1000 PD por trimestre, respectivamente. Foi observada uma tendência de diminuição (p = 0,023) no consumo de fluoroquinolonas com uma mediana de uso de 29,13 DDD/1000 PD por trimestre. A taxa de resistência de K. pneumoniae foi sincronizada com os consumos de BIBLI e carbapenem com coeficiente de correlação de 0,893 (p = 0,012) e 0,951 (p = 0,016), respectivamente. A análise de correlação cruzada contra o consumo de BIBLI e K. pneumoniae resistente ao meropenem atingiu o pico no intervalo de 0 quarto (r = 951, p = 0,016). Houve uma tendência de aumento no consumo de BLBLI e carbapenêmicos. A tendência crescente nas taxas de resistência a piperacilina/tazobactam, em linha com o consumo crescente de BLBLI, sugere que BLBLI deve ser usado com cautela e não pode ser considerado diretamente como alternativa de longo prazo aos carbapenêmicos.

Abstract The β-lactam/lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) combination drugs are considered an effective alternative to carbapenems. However, there is a growing concern that the increased use of BLBLIs may lead to increased resistance. This study determined the temporal association between the consumption of BLBLI and the antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. In this retrospective study, electronic data on the Gram-negative bacterial isolates, including A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae from in-patients and susceptibility testing results were retrieved from the medical records of the clinical laboratory. A linear regression and cross-correlation analysis were performed on the acquired data. Increasing trends (p<0.05) in the consumption of BIBLI and carbapenem with a median use of 27.68 and 34.46 DDD/1000 PD per quarter were observed, respectively. A decreased trend (p=0.023) in the consumption of fluoroquinolones with a median use of 29.13 DDD/1000 PD per quarter was observed. The resistance rate of K. pneumoniae was synchronized with the BIBLI and carbapenem consumptions with a correlation coefficient of 0.893 (p=0.012) and 0.951 (p=0.016), respectively. The cross-correlation analysis against the consumption of BIBLI and meropenem resistant K. pneumoniae was peaked at 0-quarter lag (r=951, p=0.016). There was an increasing trend in the consumption of BLBLI and carbapenems. The increasing trend in the rates of resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, in line with the increasing consumption of BLBLI, suggests that BLBLI has to be used with caution and cannot be directly considered as a long-term alternative to carbapenems.

In South Africa, the family Heliozelidae in the order Lepidoptera is restricted to four known species. The grapevine leaf miner, Holocacista capensis, feeds between the epidermal layers of a grapevine leaf, predominantly along the leaf margin. A final instar larva will descend from the blotch mine/gallery to attach its cocoon casing (constructed from the epidermal layers of the mined gallery) to any object below the infested leaf. Five monophyletic clades and a polyphyletic group have been identified within the Heliozelidae, using a mitochondrially encoded gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and a nuclear gene, histone 3 (H3). An exploratory study of the genetic diversity within H. capensis populations was conducted using these genes. The phylogenetic analyses of COI indicate that H. capensis that are currently being collected from South Africa fall within three clades/haplotypes, of which one is well supported and contains only one species from Gauteng, and one has three specimens from two different areas in the Western Cape province, while 80% belong to haplotype 1 (H1). The current study can be used as a starting point for future DNA-based studies aimed at gaining insight into possible patterns of diversity in H. capensis to confirm switching from native to commercial grapevine hosts. However, more samples need to be collected from different areas in South Africa.

The current study aimed to assess the effects of the addition of dietary fermented feed (FF) on the growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and number of cecal microorganisms of Sichuan white geese from 1 to 28 d of age. A total of 240, 1-day-old female geese were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates (eight birds per replicate). Geese in the control group were fed the basal diet (0.0% FF) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% FF, respectively. The 5.0% FF and 7.5% FF groups had greater body weights (BW), average daily feed intakes (ADFI), and average daily gains (ADG) than the control group. The feed/gain ratio (F/G) in the 7.5% FF group was higher than the control group. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IGA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the 5.0% FF group were higher than those in the control group, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the 5.0% FF group was lower. Moreover, the FF did not affect the plasma biochemical indicators, number of cecal microorganisms, and intestinal morphology of geese in the groups. These findings indicate that 5.0% FF may improve the growth performance (BW, ADG, and ADFI), immunological function, and antioxidant capacity of Sichuan white geese from 1 to 28 days of age.

Resumo Fundamento A síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) é uma condição pró-arrítmica que pode exigir restrição de atividades extenuantes e é caracterizada por sinais de ECG, incluindo ondas delta. Observamos casos de padrões intermitentes de WPW apresentando-se como QRS alternante (‘WPW alternante’) em uma grande coorte de triagem de ECG pré-participação de homens jovens que se candidataram ao recrutamento militar. Objetivos Nosso objetivo foi determinar o padrão de WPW alternante, as características do caso e a prevalência de outros diagnósticos diferenciais relevantes apresentando-se como alternância de QRS em um ambiente de pré-participação. Métodos Cento e vinte e cinco mil cento e cinquenta e oito recrutas militares do sexo masculino prospectivos foram revisados de janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2019. Uma revisão de prontuários médicos eletrônicos identificou casos de WPW alternante e padrões ou síndrome de WPW. A revisão de prontuários médicos eletrônicos identificou casos de diagnósticos diferenciais relevantes que podem causar alternância de QRS. Resultados Quatro indivíduos (2,2%) apresentaram WPW alternante em 184 indivíduos com diagnóstico final de padrão ou síndrome de WPW. Dois desses indivíduos manifestaram sintomas ou achados eletrocardiográficos compatíveis com taquicardia supraventricular. A prevalência geral de WPW alternante foi de 0,003%, e a prevalência de WPW foi de 0,147%. As WPW alternantes representaram 8,7% dos indivíduos com QRS alternantes, e QRS alternantes tiveram prevalência de 0,037% em toda a população. Conclusões A WPW alternante é uma variante da WPW intermitente, que compreendeu 2,2% dos casos de WPW em nossa coorte de triagem pré-participação. Não indica necessariamente um baixo risco de taquicardia supraventricular. Deve ser reconhecido na triagem de ECG e distinguido de outras patologias que também apresentam QRS alternantes.

Abstract Background Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a proarrhythmic condition that may require restriction from strenuous activities and is characterized by ECG signs, including delta waves. We observed cases of intermittent WPW patterns presenting as QRS alternans (‘WPW alternans’) in a large pre-participation ECG screening cohort of young men reporting for military conscription. Objectives We aimed to determine the WPW alternans pattern, case characteristics, and the prevalence of other relevant differential diagnoses presenting as QRS alternans in a pre-participation setting. Methods One hundred twenty-five thousand one hundred fifty-eight prospective male military recruits were reviewed from January 2016 to December 2019. A review of electronic medical records identified cases of WPW alternans and WPW patterns or syndrome. Reviewing electronic medical records identified cases of relevant differential diagnoses that might cause QRS alternans. Results Four individuals (2.2%) had WPW alternans out of 184 individuals with a final diagnosis of WPW pattern or syndrome. Two of these individuals manifested symptoms or ECG findings consistent with supraventricular tachycardia. The overall prevalence of WPW alternans was 0.003%, and the prevalence of WPW was 0.147%. WPW alternans represented 8.7% of individuals presenting with QRS alternans, and QRS alternans had a prevalence of 0.037% in the entire population. Conclusions WPW alternans is a variant of intermittent WPW, which comprised 2.2% of WPW cases in our pre-participation screening cohort. It does not necessarily indicate a low risk for supraventricular tachycardia. It must be recognized at ECG screening and distinguished from other pathologies that also present with QRS alternans.

Fluorination of magnetite (Fe3O4) by NH4HF2 was investigated using simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and observing the morphology and phase changes using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results indicate that fluorination with the involvement of oxygen begins at room temperature, peaks at 1784ºC, and is completed at 200ºC with the formation of only (NH4)3FeF6. On heating, (NH4)3FeF6 gradually releases NH4F by the formation of NH4FeF4 at 259ºC, then (NH4)0.l8FeF3 at 327ºC, and finally FeF3 with minor FeF2 at 400ºC due to the partial reduction of Fe (III) to Fe (II). At 550ºC, FeF3 is oxidized to FeOF/Fe2O3.

Resumo Fundamento A associação entre o status de saúde cardiovascular ideal ( ideal cardiovascular health ( ICVH) e diagnóstico de fibrilação ou flutter atrial (FFA) foi menos estudado em comparação a outras doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivos Analisar a associação entre o diagnóstico de FFA e métricas e escores de ICVH no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Métodos Este estudo analisou dados de 13141 participantes com dados completos. Os traçados eletrocardiográficos foram codificados de acordo com o Sistema de Minnesota, em um centro de leitura centralizado. As métricas do ICVH (dieta, atividade física, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo, glicemia de jeju, e colesterol total) e escores do ICVH foram calculados conforme proposto pela American Heart Association . Modelos de regressão logística bruta e ajustada foram construídos para analisar associações de métricas e escores do ICVH com diagnóstico de FFA. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 0,05. Resultados A idade mediana da amostra foi de 55 anos, e 54,4% eram mulheres. Nos modelos ajustados, os escores de ICVH não apresentaram associação significativa com diagnóstico de FFA prevalente [odds ratio (OR):0,96; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%):0,80-1,16; p=0,70). Perfis de pressão arterial ideal (OR:0,33; IC95%:0,1-0,74; p=0,007) e colesterol total ideal (OR:1,88; IC95%:1,19-2,98; p=0,007) foram significativamente associados com o diagnóstico de FFA. Conclusões Não foram identificadas associações significativas entre escores de ICVH global e diagnóstico de FFA após ajuste multivariado em nossas análises, devido, ao menos em parte, às associações antagônicas da FFA com métricas de pressão arterial e de colesterol total do ICVH. Nossos resultados sugerem que estimar a prevenção da FFA por meio de escore de ICVH global pode não ser adequado, e as métricas do ICVH devem ser consideradas separadamente. (FFA cardiovasculares ELSABrasil. ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil (ELSA-Brasil) 1314 completos Minnesota centralizado dieta, dieta (dieta física corporal tabagismo jeju 005 0 05 0,05 5 anos 544 54 4 54,4 mulheres ajustados odds OR0,96 OR096 OR 0,96 96 (OR):0,96 95 IC95%0,801,16 IC95080116 IC IC95% 0,80 1,16 IC95 80 1 16 (IC95%):0,80-1,16 p=0,70. p070 p p=0,70 70 p=0,70) OR0,33 OR033 0,33 33 (OR:0,33 IC95%0,10,74 IC9501074 0,1 0,74 74 IC95%:0,1-0,74 p=0,007 p0007 007 OR1,88 OR188 1,88 88 (OR:1,88 IC95%1,192,98 IC95119298 1,19 2,98 19 2 98 IC95%:1,19-2,98 análises devido parte adequado separadamente (ELSA-Brasil 131 00 0,0 54, OR0 OR0,9 OR09 096 0,9 9 (OR):0,9 801 IC95%0,801,1 IC9508011 080 0,8 116 1,1 IC9 8 (IC95%):0,80-1,1 p07 p=0,7 7 OR0,3 OR03 033 0,3 3 (OR:0,3 10 IC95%0,10,7 IC950107 01 0, 074 0,7 IC95%:0,1-0,7 p=0,00 p000 OR1 OR1,8 OR18 188 1,8 (OR:1,8 192 IC95%1,192,9 IC9511929 119 298 2,9 IC95%:1,19-2,9 13 OR0, 09 (OR):0, IC95%0,801, IC950801 08 11 1, (IC95%):0,80-1, p0 p=0, 03 (OR:0, IC95%0,10, IC95010 07 IC95%:0,1-0, p=0,0 p00 OR1, 18 (OR:1, IC95%1,192, IC951192 29 2, IC95%:1,19-2, (OR):0 IC95%0,801 IC95080 (IC95%):0,80-1 p=0 (OR:0 IC95%0,10 IC9501 IC95%:0,1-0 (OR:1 IC95%1,192 IC95119 IC95%:1,19-2 (OR): IC95%0,80 IC9508 (IC95%):0,80- p= (OR: IC95%0,1 IC950 IC95%:0,1- IC95%1,19 IC9511 IC95%:1,19- (OR) IC95%0,8 (IC95%):0,80 (OR IC95%0, IC95%:0,1 IC95%1,1 IC951 IC95%:1,19 (IC95%):0,8 IC95%0 IC95%:0, IC95%1, IC95%:1,1 (IC95%):0, IC95%:0 IC95%1 IC95%:1, (IC95%):0 IC95%: IC95%:1 (IC95%): (IC95%) (IC95% (IC95 (IC9 (IC

Abstract Background The association between ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) status and atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF) diagnosis has been less studied compared to other cardiovascular diseases. Objective To analyze the association between AFF diagnosis and ICVH metrics and scores in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This study analyzed data from 13,141 participants with complete data. Electrocardiographic tracings were coded according to the Minnesota Coding System, in a centralized reading center. ICVH metrics (diet, physical activity, body mass index, smoking, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol) and scores were calculated as proposed by the American Heart Association. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were built to analyze the association of ICVH metrics and scores with AFF diagnosis. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results The sample had a median age of 55 years and 54.4% were women. In adjusted models, ICVH scores were not significantly associated with prevalent AFF diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]:0.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.80-1.16; p=0.70). Ideal blood pressure (OR:0.33; 95% CI:0.15–0.74; p=0.007) and total cholesterol (OR:1.88; 95% CI:1.19–2.98; p=0.007) profiles were significantly associated with AFF diagnosis. Conclusions No significant associations were identified between global ICVH scores and AFF diagnosis after multivariable adjustment in our analyses, at least partially due to the antagonistic associations of AFF with blood pressure and total cholesterol ICVH metrics. Our results suggest that estimating the prevention of AFF burden using global ICVH scores may not be adequate, and ICVH metrics should be considered in separate. (ICVH (AFF diseases ELSABrasil. ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil . (ELSA-Brasil) 13141 13 141 13,14 System center diet, diet (diet activity index smoking glucose Association 005 0 05 0.05 5 544 54 4 54.4 women odds OR0.96 OR096 OR 0.96 96 [OR]:0.96 95 [95 CI0.801.16 CI080116 CI 0.80 1.16 80 1 16 CI]:0.80-1.16 p=0.70. p070 p p=0.70 70 p=0.70) OR0.33 OR033 0.33 33 (OR:0.33 CI0.15–0.74 CI015074 0.15–0.74 15 74 CI:0.15–0.74 p=0.007 p0007 007 OR1.88 OR188 1.88 88 (OR:1.88 CI1.19–2.98 CI119298 1.19–2.98 19 2 98 CI:1.19–2.98 analyses adequate separate (ELSA-Brasil 1314 14 13,1 00 0.0 54. OR0 OR0.9 OR09 096 0.9 9 [OR]:0.9 [9 CI0 801 CI0.801.1 CI08011 080 0.8 116 1.1 8 CI]:0.80-1.1 p07 p=0.7 7 OR0.3 OR03 033 0.3 3 (OR:0.3 CI0.15–0.7 CI01507 015074 0.15–0.7 CI:0.15–0.7 p=0.00 p000 OR1 OR1.8 OR18 188 1.8 (OR:1.8 CI1 CI1.19–2.9 CI11929 119298 1.19–2.9 CI:1.19–2.9 131 13, 0. OR0. 09 [OR]:0. [ CI0.801. CI0801 08 11 1. CI]:0.80-1. p0 p=0. 03 (OR:0. CI0.15–0. CI0150 01507 0.15–0. CI:0.15–0. p=0.0 p00 OR1. 18 (OR:1. CI1.19–2. CI1192 11929 1.19–2. CI:1.19–2. [OR]:0 CI0.801 CI080 CI]:0.80-1 p=0 (OR:0 CI0.15–0 CI015 0150 0.15–0 CI:0.15–0 (OR:1 CI1.19–2 CI119 1192 1.19–2 CI:1.19–2 [OR]: CI0.80 CI08 CI]:0.80- p= (OR: CI0.15– CI01 015 0.15– CI:0.15– CI1.19– CI11 119 1.19– CI:1.19– [OR] CI0.8 CI]:0.80 (OR CI0.15 01 0.15 CI:0.15 CI1.19 1.19 CI:1.19 [OR CI0. CI]:0.8 CI0.1 0.1 CI:0.1 CI1.1 CI:1.1 CI]:0. CI:0. CI1. CI:1. CI]:0 CI:0 CI:1 CI]: CI: CI]