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au:Viana, Alexandre P.
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1.
Cross preferences and genetic diversity of Psidium interspecific hybrids through morphoagronomic traits and resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii
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ALMEIDA, ODIMAR F. DE
; VIANA, ALEXANDRE P.
; GOMES, VICENTE M.
; SOUZA, RICARDO M. DE
; SANTOS, PAULO RICARDO DOS
; AMARAL JÚNIOR, ANTÔNIO T. DO
; RODRIGUES, DANIELE L.
.
Abstract The introgression of M. enterolobii resistance-related genes in guava breeding programs can be compromised by incompatibility among Psidium species. This study aimed to evaluate the female parent preference and genetic diversity of Psidium interspecific hybrids using morphoagronomic traits and resistance to M. enterolobii. There were evaluated cross successes and germination from crosses between accesses of P. cattleyanum, P. guineense and P. guajava and the genetic diversity by Ward-MLM method of hybrids according to descriptors developed for the genus. Crosses were more successful when P. cattleyanum was the female parent. Germination was more successful in crosses involving P. cattleyanum and P. guajava. Four groups were formed. The group IV clustered the most resistant genotypes, composed by genotypes of P. cattleyanum x P. guineense, while the group II was the most susceptible. The groups I and III grouped some genotypes of P. cattleyanum x P. guajava with low levels of susceptibility. There are preferences of female parent species among crosses. Some individuals of groups I and III can be used as source of resistance genes for the breeding program, due the presence of favorable alleles inherited from guava parent. The high susceptibility leads to reduction in root development. M resistancerelated related P WardMLM Ward MLM genus formed susceptible program development
2.
Seasonal influence on centesimal composition and yield of Amazonian fish
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BARAI, Alexandre Augusto
; SOUZA, Antônio Fábio Lopes de
; VIANA, Adriana Pontes
; INHAMUNS, Antônio José
.
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate meat yield and centesimal composition of the Amazonian fish species, A. ocellatus, P. castelnaeana, and L. friderici, in the dry and flood seasonal cycles of rivers. In each seasonal cycle (flood and dry), a total of 60 fish were collected, comprising 20 specimens of each of the following species: A. ocellatus, P. castelnaeana, and L. friderici. Were evaluated the meat yield, cuts yield and centesimal composition of the fish samples. Meat yield in the clean body cuts and skinless filet varied between species and hydrological period. The results showed that seasonal variation influenced the centesimal composition and yield of the species studied, with significant differences between the cuts produced during processing. These findings highlight the need to apply a variety of technological processes to ensure efficient use of these species throughout the year. The total waste represented more than 50% of the whole fish, and the head size was directly proportional to the amount of waste generated. These results underscore the importance of waste utilization for animal and/or human nutrition.
3.
Analysis of the reproduction mode in Psidium spp. using the pollen:ovule ratio
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Oliveira, Maria Lorraine Fonseca
; Pereira, Telma Nair Santana
; Barbosa, Rodrigo Miranda
; Viana, Alexandre Pio
.
ABSTRACT. This research aimed to explore the reproductive characteristics of three species of Psidium (P. guajava L., P. cattleyanum Sabine, and P. guineense Sw.) and estimate a probable reproduction strategy based on the pollen:ovule (P:O) methodology. The number of pollen grains per floral bud (NGPB), number of pollen grains per anther (NGPA), number of anthers per flower bud (NAB), number of ovules per flower bud (NOB), and the P:O ratio of each species were estimated. All species had a P:O ratio over 2,000 and were classified as xenogamous. P.guajava presented the highest values for all characteristics evaluated, with the NGPB at 3,777,519, the NOB at 584.50 and a P:O ratio of 6,462.82. Similarly, P. cattleyanum had a P:O ratio of 5,649.89 (NGPB 762,736 and NOB 135). However, P. guineense was considered facultative xenogamous, with P:O of 2,085.75, the NGPB at 741,484 and the NOB at 355.50. Thus, it was concluded that the studied species have a preference for allogamy and require many pollen grains to fertilize each ovule, demonstrating that the transfer of pollen to the stigma is not very specialized.
https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.44062
554 downloads
4.
Anticipating the formation of guava seedlings using mini-grafting onto smaller-diameter clonal rootstocks
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Arantes, Mariana Barreto de Souza
; Marinho, Cláudia Sales
; Santos, Raudielle Ferreira dos
; Galvão, Sydney Pereira
; Vaz, Giuliana Pulitini
; Viana, Alexandre Pio
.
Resumo A produção de mudas enxertadas demanda maior período de tempo. A técnica da minigarfagem sobre porta-enxertos obtidos previamente por estaquia herbácea pode garantir a fidelidade genética da copa e do porta-enxerto e possibilitar a enxertia em caules de menor diâmetro, antecipando o período de obtenção dessas mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a antecipação da formação da muda da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ enxertada sobre porta-enxertos clonais com caules de menor diâmetro. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela enxertia sobre porta-enxertos com cinco classes de diâmetros do caule. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e cinco mudas por parcela. Os porta-enxertos foram produzidos por estaquia de ramos herbáceos de matrizes oriundas de cruzamento entre P. guineense x P. cattleianum. Os minigarfos foram obtidos de um minijardim clonal da goiabeira ‘Paluma’. Mudas enxertadas sobre porta-enxertos com diâmetros de caule entre 3,7 e 10,3 mm tiveram a mesma taxa de pegamento de enxertia; entretanto, o maior vigor das mudas foi observado quando estas foram enxertadas sobre porta-enxertos de maior calibre. O pegamento de enxertia e a altura das mudas indicam que a minigarfagem sobre porta-enxertos clonais, com diâmetros entre 3,7 e 5,5 mm, permite a produção de mudas aptas ao transplantio, aos 300 dias após o estaqueamento.
Abstract The production of grafted seedlings requires longer periods of time. The technique of mini-grafting onto rootstocks previously obtained from herbaceous cuttings can guarantee the genetic fidelity of scion and rootstock and allows grafting onto smaller-diameter stems, accelerating the time required to obtain seedlings. The aim of this study was to anticipate the formation of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings grafted onto clonal rootstocks with smaller-diameter stems. Treatments consisted of grafting onto rootstocks with five stem diameter classes. The experimental design was randomised blocks with three replicates and five seedlings per plot. Rootstocks were produced from cuttings of herbaceous branches of mother plants originating from crossing between P. guineense and P. cattleianum. Mini-grafts were obtained from a clonal ‘Paluma’ guava mini-garden . Seedlings grafted onto rootstocks with stem diameters from 3.7 to 10.3 mm presented the same success rate however the greatest seedling vigour was observed when grafted onto larger-diameter rootstocks. Grafting success and seedling height show that mini-grafting onto clonal rootstocks with diameters from 3.7 to 5.5 mm allows producing seedlings suitable for transplanting 300 days after cutting.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452021211
215 downloads
5.
Selection strategies in a segregating passion fruit population aided by classic and molecular techniques
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Preisigke, Sandra da Costa
; Viana, Alexandre Pio
; Santos, Eileen Azevedo
; Santos, Paulo Ricardo dos
; Santos, Valquíria Oliveira dos
; Ambrósio, Moisés
; Silva, Flávia Alves da
; Walter, Fernando Henrique de Barros
.
ABSTRACT Combining the use of agronomic, disease-resistance, and molecular informationcan greatly contribute to genetic progress in breeding programs. This study was developed to estimate the genetic distance between genotypes derived from backcrosses and their parents using morphoagronomic and molecular information and information pertaining to resistance to the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), and indicate genotypes with potential for generation advancement. The studied population consisted of 91 genotypes from the first backcross, oneinterspecific hybrid, and the species Passiflora setacea and P. edulis. For morphoagronomic characterization, the traits number of fruits, total fruit weight, average fruit weight, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC, related to resistance to CABMV) were evaluated. Fourteen microsatellite primers were used to estimate genetic diversity among the genotypes, estimatediversity parameters and quantify the proportion of parental genome in the evaluated genotypes. The use of morphoagronomic and molecular information revealed the existence of genetic variability among the genotypes. The mean number of alleles is close to that expected for the population. Observed heterozygosity (0.42) was higher than the expected heterozygosity (0.30), indicating an elevated number of heterozygous individuals in the population. Due to their good agronomic performance, resistance to the virus, and genotypic and phenotypic distinction, genotypes 484 and 312 are recommended to compose the future stages of the passion fruit breeding program aimed at resistance to CABMV
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20190291
613 downloads
6.
Individual selection of the first backcross generation of passion fruit potentially resistant to the fruit woodiness disease
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PREISIGKE, SANDRA C.
; VIANA, ALEXANDRE P.
; SANTOS, EILEEN A.
; SANTOS, PAULO RICARDO DOS
; AMBRÓSIO, MOISÉS
; SANTOS, VALQUÍRIA O. DOS
; SILVA, FLAVIA A. DA
.
Abstract The REML/BLUP procedure has been successfully used for genetic progress through individual selection of high-yielding passion fruit genotypes resistant to the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. This study was thus developed to estimate genetic parameters and predict the gain obtained from individual selection of genotypes in a population derived from backcrosses in passion fruit. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with four replicates, involving five full-sib families (genotypes from the first backcross). Variance components and the genetic values were estimated for eight agronomic traits via the REML/BLUP procedure. For all traits, genotypic variance between the genotypes from the first backcross showed little contribution to the phenotypic variance. The low heritability estimates obtained for the traits are overcome via individual BLUP estimates. Therefore, it was possible to obtain considerable gains with individual selection for the variables fruit length, average fruit weight, and pulp weight (19.50 to 14.04%; 22.93 to 17.97%; and 10.08 to 7.95%, respectively). For the traits showing lower gains, it is possible to obtain gains indirectly by selecting genotypes for correlated traits. Because this population derives from the first backcross generation, agronomic traits still must be recovered.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180797
720 downloads
7.
Genetic structuring of segregating populations of Psidium spp resistant to the southern root-knot nematode by Bayesian approach as basis for the guava breeding program
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SANTOS, RAIANE M.
; VIANA, ALEXANDRE P.
; SANTOS, EILEEN A.
; SOUZA, RICARDO M. DE
; ALMEIDA, ODIMAR F. DE
; GOMES, VICENTE M.
; RODRIGUES, DANIELE L.
; SANTOS, PAULO RICARDO DOS
.
Abstract There are no guava cultivars resistant to the Meloidogyne enterolobii; for this reason, genetic breeding has been performed by introgressing genes into the current cultivars through interspecific hybridization. We used 33 microsatellite markers for the genetic-molecular characterization of segregating populations of Psidium resistant to M. enterolobii, aiming at selection within and between populations for generation advancement in the guava breeding program. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.60 to 2.09. Populations 1 (P. guineense × P. cattleyanum) and 5 (P. guajava × P. cattleyanum) obtained the greatest genetic diversity, which can be confirmed by the higher observed-heterozygosity values (0.422 and 0.312, respectively). Bayesian analysis showed that the populations were subdivided into three groups, agreeing with the number of groups observed by Nei’s genetic distance. The population obtained from the P. guineense × P. cattleyanum cross differed from the others with a clear structuring, whereas the P. guajava × P. cattleyanum and P. cattleyanum × P. guineense populations were the most similar between each other. The SSR markers were efficient in discriminating the populations, and individual 80 may be employed in future crosses with guava, allowing generation advancement in the guava breeding program aimed at resistance to M. enterolobii.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180600
947 downloads
8.
Backcrosses in a segregating population of Passiflora mediated by morphoagronomic and resistance traits
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Santos, Valquíria Oliveira dos
; Viana, Alexandre Pio
; Preisigke, Sandra da Costa
; Santos, Eileen Azevedo
.
ABSTRACT The present study aims to characterize the genetic diversity of Passiflora setacea, P. edulis, their hybrids, and first-backcross progenies, and to indicate promising recombinants for generation advancement in a breeding program for transferring resistance to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). Ninety-one genotypes were evaluated for 37 morphoagronomic descriptors. The traits were analyzed to obtain a distance matrix, based on the Gower algorithm, using the Ward-Modified Location Model (MLM) procedure for the composition of genetic groups. The adopted strategy led to the formation of five homogeneous groups, where groups I, III, and V comprised the parents P. setacea, P. edulis and interspecific hybrids, respectively, while groups II and IV consisted of 69 genotypes of BC1. Broad variability was observed among the tested genotypes, and the highest was shown by group IV. Genotypes 17, 293, 355, and 501, from group IV, were the most promising for the second backcross cycle as they showed good resistance to the disease and desirable morphoagronomictraits.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20180470
754 downloads
9.
Resistance to Pratylenchus brachyurus in Vitis species population through multivariate approaches and mixed models
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Santos, Paulo Ricardo dos
; Viana, Alexandre Pio
; Gomes, Vicente Martins
; Preisigke, Sandra da Costa
; Almeida, Odimar Ferreira de
; Santos, Eileen Azevedo
; Rodrigues, Daniele Lima
; Rodrigues, Rosana
; Walker, Michael Andrew
.
ABSTRACT: Genetically diverse interspecific hybrids of Vitis were selected for resistance to Pratylenchus brachyurus. Three segregating populations with 57 hybrid crosses were evaluated. The parents included Vitis romanetiiC166-043 × 07355-075, 06354-047 × Cereza and 06354-047 × Nocera, selected from the germplasm bank at the University of California, Davis, the United States. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications and three plants per plot. Root mass, nematodes per gram of root and reproduction factor were determined and used as quantitative variables; 16 multi categoric descriptors were also evaluated. The traits were analyzed using the Ward-Modified Location Model procedure (Ward-MLM) for the composition of genotype groups. Genetic parameters and prediction of genetic values by Restricted Maximum Likelihood / Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML / BLUP) were assessed. The Ward-MLM classification strategy supported the formation of three homogeneous groups. Group I comprised 13 hybrids; Group II, 26 hybrids; and Group III, 18 hybrids. Groups II and III contained hybrids resistant to P. brachyurus. High broad sense heritability values were found for root mass, reproduction factor and nematodes per gram of root, which provided genetic gain and allowed selection of resistant genotypes available for cloning, since the total genetic variance occurred due to the dominance effects. Of the 57 genotypes assessed, those with the lowest genotypic values for reproduction factor were selected as resistant, including: CH3.2, CH3.23, CH3.8, CH3.37, CH3.38, CH3.41, CH3.36, CH2.1, CH2.7, CH1.1, CH1.3 and CH1.2.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2017-0387
1088 downloads
10.
Contribution of seed traits to the genetic diversity of a segregating population of Passiflora spp.
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Torres, Géssica Xavier
; Viana, Alexandre Pio
; Duarte Vieira, Henrique
; Rodrigues, Daniele Lima
; dos Santos, Valquíria Oliveira
.
ABSTRACT Genetic diversity can be investigated early using seed traits, an important aspect of sexually propagated species. In this context, plant breeders aim at the production of new varieties using seeds with good germination and vigor. The present study was thus designed to examine the genetic diversity of a segregating population from a cross between Passiflora edulis Sims and P. setacea DC. based on seed morphological- and physiological-quality responses. Seventeen seed morphology variables were evaluated via digital image analysis, and a germination test and four vigor tests were applied for the evaluation of physiological quality. Data were interpreted by multivariate analysis for the evaluation of genetic diversity. The parents were allocated to distinct groups by the dendrogram structured using Euclidean distance, based on the morphological- and physiological-quality traits. The unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering method formed three groups, the first one represented by backcrossing 32, the second by P. setacea and the third by a larger number of genotypes (P. edulis, hybrids and other backcrosses). The principal component analysis showed that the first two components explained 61.32% of the variation. The clustering methods were efficient in the evaluation of dissimilarity of genotypes from a segregating population of Passiflora
630 downloads
11.
Estimation of genetic parameters and selection of elephant-grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) for forage production using mixed models
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Stida, Wanessa F.
; Daher, Rogério F.
; Viana, Alexandre P.
; Vidal, Ana Kesia F.
; Freitas, Rafael S.
; Silva, Verónica B. da
; Pereira, Antonio Vander
; Cassaro, Sabrina
; Menezes, Bruna R. da S.
; Furlani, Eduardo P.
.
ABSTRACT The efficient use of fodder and grassland as the basis of animal feed represents a way of raising productivity and reducing production costs. In this scenario, elephant-grass stands out among the most used forages in the intensive animal production systems in the world mainly due to its high productive potential, support capacity and nutritional quality. The purpose of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for the selection of elephant-grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) clones for forage production in two seasons, a period of water restriction and the total period of study. We evaluated 80 accessions of elephant-grass by means of the mixed-models methodology (REML/BLUP). The evaluation of DM yield (DMY) of the different genotypes were executed in edaphoclimatic conditions in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Selegen-REML/BLUP software accomplished the statistical and genetic analyses. It was seen that the DMY trait was with a low estimate of coefficient of genotypic variation (3.08%), which demonstrates possible difficulties with the selection for this trait. Heritability-coefficient estimate was 0.3606 for the dry season and 0.4193 for the total period. Those results were the variation in that trait due to genetic causes. Although those values may not be considered of high magnitude, they are of great interest for the breeding mainly because it is a polygenic trait. In both periods, genotypes 7, 25, 41, 43, 57, 58, 62, 64, 68, and 77 stood out among the others, since it presented the highest genetic gains for DMY, which will enhance progress in the evaluated trait.
559 downloads
12.
Brazilian legislation on genetic heritage harms Biodiversity Convention goals and threatens basic biology research and education
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ALVES, RUY JOSÉ V.
; WEKSLER, MARCELO
; OLIVEIRA, JOÃO A.
; BUCKUP, PAULO A.
; POMBAL JR., JOSÉ P.
; SANTANA, HÉLCIO R.G.
; PERACCHI, ADRIANO LÚCIO
; KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A.
; ALEIXO, ALEXANDRE
; LANGGUTH, ALFREDO
; ALMEIDA, ALZIRA MARIA P. DE
; ALBERNAZ, ANA LUISA
; RIBAS, CAMILA C.
; ZILBERBERG, CARLA
; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO V.
; ROCHA, CARLOS F.D.
; LAMAS, CARLOS JOSÉ E.
; HADDAD, CÉLIO F.B.
; BONVICINO, CIBELE R.
; PRADO, CYNTHIA P.A.
; LIMA, DANIELA O. DE
; ROSSA-FERES, DENISE C.
; SANTOS, FABRÍCIO R. DOS
; SALIMENA, FÁTIMA REGINA G.
; PERINI, FERNANDO A.
; BOCKMANN, FLÁVIO A.
; FRANCO, FRANCISCO LUÍS
; GIUDICE, GISELE M.L. DEL
; COLLI, GUARINO R.
; VIEIRA, IMA CÉLIA G.
; MARINHO-FILHO, JADER
; WERNECK, JANE M.C.F.
; SANTOS, JORGE A.D. DOS
; NASCIMENTO, JORGE LUIZ DO
; NESSIMIAN, JORGE LUIZ
; CORDEIRO, JOSÉ LUIS P.
; CLARO, KLEBER DEL
; SALLES, LEANDRO O.
; CASATTI, LILIAN
; PY-DANIEL, LUCIA HELENA R.
; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO
; TOLEDO, LUÍS FELIPE
; OLIVEIRA, LUIZ F. DE
; MALABARBA, LUIZ ROBERTO
; SILVA, MARCELO D. DA
; COURI, MÁRCIA S.
; MARTINS, MÁRCIO
; TAVARES, MARCOS D.S.
; SOBRAL, MARCOS EDUARDO G.
; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINÍCIUS
; OLIVEIRA, MARIA DE LOURDES A.
; PINNA, MÁRIO DE
; HOPKINS, MICHAEL J.G.
; SOLÉ, MIRCO
; MENEZES, NAÉRCIO A.
; PASSOS, PAULO
; D’ANDREA, PAULO SERGIO
; PINTO, PEDRO C.E.A.
; VIANA, PEDRO L.
; TOLEDO, PETER M.
; REIS, ROBERTO E.
; VILELA, ROBERTO
; BASTOS, ROGÉRIO P.
; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE G.
; CERQUEIRA, RUI
; CASTROVIEJO-FISHER, SANTIAGO
; CARAMASCHI, ULISSES
.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180460
7311 downloads
13.
Fatty acid composition from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991 and its antioxidant activity
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ALENCAR, DANIEL B. DE
; DINIZ, JAÉCIO C.
; ROCHA, SIMONE A.S.
; PIRES-CAVALCANTE, KELMA M.S.
; LIMA, REBECA L. DE
; SOUSA, KAROLINA C. DE
; FREITAS, JEFFERSON O.
; BEZERRA, RAYSSA M.
; BARACHO, BÁRBARA M.
; SAMPAIO, ALEXANDRE H.
; VIANA, FRANCISCO A.
; SAKER-SAMPAIO, SILVANA
.
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fatty acids from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified nine fatty acids in the two species. The major fatty acids of P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba were palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of fatty acids was moderate ranging from 25.90% to 29.97%. Fatty acids from P. capillacea (31.18%) had a moderate ferrous ions chelating activity (FIC), while in O. obtusiloba (17.17%), was weak. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of fatty acids from P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba was low. As for β-carotene bleaching (BCB), P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba showed a good activity. This is the first report of the antioxidant activities of fatty acids from the marine red algae P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820160315
1404 downloads
14.
Resistance to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in in vitro germinated genotypes of Passiflora setacea
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SACOMAN, NAYARA NIELE
; VIANA, ALEXANDRE PIO
; CARVALHO, VIRGINIA SILVA
; SANTOS, EILEEN AZEVEDO
; RODRIGUES, ROSANA
.
RESUMO O maracujazeiro-azedo (Passiflora edulis) é uma espécie frutífera de grande importância econômica para o Brasil, porém altamente susceptível ao vírus Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic vírus (CABMV). A espécie P. setacea, em contrapartida, apresenta resistência à doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar genótipos de P. setacea resistentes ao CABMV, visando à introgressão de genes em programas de melhoramento genético do maracujazeiro-azedo. As sementes dos genótipos de maracujazeiro foram germinadas in vitro em meio de cultura MS. A aclimatização das plântulas ocorreu em câmara de crescimento com temperatura de 27± 2 ºC, fotoperíodo de 16h8 e 80% de umidade relativa. Para avaliar a resistência ao CABMV, foram utilizadas 30 plantas de cada genótipo, inoculadas mecanicamente com extrato preparado a partir de folhas coletadas de plantas de maracujazeiro-azedo com sintomas de infecção pelo CABMV. A severidade dos sintomas foliares foi avaliada por meio de uma escala de notas visuais. Após a avaliação visual e a identificação dos genótipos assintomáticos de P. setacea, realizou-se o teste PTA-ELISA em 30 genótipos selecionados. Pela avaliação visual, todos os genótipos de P. setacea foram altamente resistentes ao CABMV, e os genótipos de P. edulis, altamente suscetíveis. Dos 30 genótipos selecionados, apenas o PsRJ 4 foi considerado suscetível pelo PTA-ELISA. Os demais genótipos de P. setacea foram considerados resistentes e apresentam grande potencial de serem utilizados em programas de melhoramento genético do maracujazeiro.
ABSTRACT Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a fruit species of great relevance for Brazilian economy. However, it is highly susceptible to the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The species P.setacea, on the other hand, is resistant to the disease. The present study aimed to identify CABMV-resistant P. setacea genotypes for the introgression of genes into sour passion fruit genetic breeding programs. The seeds of passion fruit genotypes were germinated in vitro in MS culture medium. The seedlings were acclimatized in a growth chamber at the temperature of 27 ± 2ºC, photoperiod of 16:8 hours and 80% of relative humidity. Thirty plants of each genotype were mechanically inoculated with extract prepared from leaves collected from passion fruit plants with symptoms of CABMV for the assessment of resistance to CABMV. The severity of leaf symptoms was evaluated by means of a grading scale of visual signs. After the visual evaluation and identification of the asymptomatic genotypes of P. setacea, the PTA-ELISA test was carried out for 30 selected genotypes. According to the visual evaluation, all P. setacea genotypes were highly resistant to CABMV, while the P. edulis genotypes were highly susceptible. Out of the 30 genotypes selected, only PsRJ 4 was considered susceptible by PTA-ELISA. The other genotypes of P. setacea were considered resistant and present great potential for use in passion fruit genetic breeding programs.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452017607
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Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
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; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
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; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
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; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
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; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
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; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
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Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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