RESUMO O sucesso acadêmico na Educação Superior é um construto multidimensional, influenciado por diferentes variáveis da trajetória estudantil. Assim, analisamos o rendimento acadêmico (CRE) de estudantes ingressantes da ES, tomando variáveis pessoais/sociais, adaptativas e relacionadas à aprendizagem, diferenciando as análises de acordo com a natureza dos cursos. Participaram 715 estudantes (M = 22.10 anos, DP = 6.92), oriundos de 26 cursos superiores do Instituto Federal da Paraíba (Brasil), cujos dados foram coletados de forma documental e usando um questionário aplicado online. Os resultados apontam que o conjunto das variáveis do estudo explicam 89% do CRE de estudantes do bacharelado, 85% da licenciatura e 84% do rendimento de cursos tecnológicos, com destaque para as variáveis renda familiar, opção na escolha do curso, contato extraclasse com professor e atividades extracurriculares, faltas e disciplinas aprovadas versus disciplinas cursadas. Apontam-se implicações desses resultados para futuras intervenções com foco no sucesso acadêmico e conclusão dos cursos. multidimensional estudantil Assim (CRE ES pessoaissociais pessoais sociais pessoais/sociais aprendizagem 71 M 2210 22 10 22.1 anos 6.92, 692 6.92 , 6 92 6.92) 2 Brasil, Brasil (Brasil) online 89 bacharelado 85 84 tecnológicos familiar curso extracurriculares cursadas Apontamse Apontam se 7 221 1 22. 69 6.9 9 (Brasil 8 6.

ABSTRACT Academic success in Higher Education is a multidimensional construct, influenced by different variables in the student trajectory. Thus, we assessed the academic performance (CRE) of incoming Higher Education students, taking personal/social, adaptive, and learning-related variables, differentiating the analysis according to the nature of the courses. In this way, 715 students participated (age: M = 22.10 years, SD = 6.92), from 26 Higher Education courses at a Federal Institute of Paraíba (Brazil), whose data were collected in a documentary form and using an online questionnaire. The results indicate that the set of variables in the study explain 89% of the CRE of bachelor students, 85% of undergraduate students, and 84% of the performance of technological courses, with the following variables: emphasis on family income, option in choosing the course, extra-class contact with teacher and extracurricular activities, absences and discipline approvals versus completed disciplines. Implications of these results are highlighted for future interventions focusing on academic success and course completion. construct trajectory Thus (CRE personalsocial personal social personal/social adaptive learningrelated learning related way 71 age (age 2210 22 10 22.1 years 6.92, 692 6.92 , 6 92 6.92) 2 Brazil, Brazil (Brazil) questionnaire 89 85 84 income extraclass extra class activities disciplines completion 7 221 1 22. 69 6.9 9 (Brazil 8 6.

RESUMEN El éxito académico en la Educación Universitaria es un constructo multidimensional, influenciado por distintas variables de la trayectoria estudiantil. Así, analizamos el rendimiento académico (CRE) de estudiantes ingresantes de la ES, tomando variables personales/sociales, adaptativas y relacionadas al aprendizaje, diferenciando los análisis de acuerdo con la naturaleza de los cursos. Participaron 715 estudiantes (M = 22.10 años, DP = 6.92), provenientes de 26 cursos universitarios del Instituto Federal de Paraíba (Brasil), cuyos datos se recolectaron de forma documental y utilizando un cuestionario aplicado online. Los resultados apuntan que el conjunto de las variables del estudio explica el 89% del CRE de estudiantes de bachillerato, el 85% da licenciatura y el 84% del rendimiento de cursos tecnológicos, con destaque para las variables renta familiar, opción en la escoja del curso, contacto extra-aula con profesor y actividades extracurriculares, faltas y asignaturas aprobadas versus asignaturas cursadas. Se apuntan implicaciones de estos resultados para futuras intervenciones con enfoque en el éxito académico y conclusión de los cursos. multidimensional estudiantil Así (CRE ES personalessociales personales sociales personales/sociales aprendizaje 71 M 2210 22 10 22.1 años 6.92, 692 6.92 , 6 92 6.92) 2 Brasil, Brasil (Brasil) online 89 bachillerato 85 84 tecnológicos familiar curso extraaula extra aula extracurriculares cursadas 7 221 1 22. 69 6.9 9 (Brasil 8 6.

ABSTRACT Soil is an important carbon repository in terrestrial ecosystems, serving a fundamental role in the intricate cycling of this elemental component. Wetlands are crucial components of the global carbon cycle, playing a significant role in carbon sequestration due to their remarkable productivity and unique sedimentary structures. Our study focuses on the wetlands east of Marajó island, recognized as the largest fluvial-marine plain in South America. In this study, we applied a methodological framework to optimize SOC content prediction in the wetlands of Marajó island using readily available environmental covariates. We collected and analyzed 81 soil samples from the most representative geoenvironments on the island at a layer of 0.00-0.20 m. Our database included vegetation indices, morphometric maps, and covariates based on distance from water bodies and archaeological sites. We tested five machine learning algorithms - Cubist, Linear Model, Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine - to obtain the best prediction performance. Cubist model demonstrated the highest performance for training (R2 = 0.483) and testing (R2 = 0.505) datasets, making it the optimal choice for SOC prediction in the topsoil. The most important covariates selected by Cubist using recursive feature elimination were digital elevation model, topographic heterogeneity index, vertical distance between the summit and base of the slope, and Euclidean distance from water bodies. Geoenvironments characterized by dense alluvial rainforest with palms on Plinthosols and Gleysols, mangroves with Gleysols, and coastal muddy plains exhibited the highest SOC content in the topsoil. ecosystems component cycle structures fluvialmarine fluvial marine America 8 0.000.20 000020 0.00 0.20 0 00 20 0.00-0.2 m indices maps sites Model Forest Neighbor R2 R (R 0.483 0483 483 0.505 0505 505 datasets topsoil index slope Gleysols 000 0.000.2 00002 0.0 020 0.2 2 0.00-0. 0.48 048 48 0.50 050 50 0.000. 0000 0. 02 0.00-0 0.4 04 4 0.5 05 5 0.000 0.00-

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection can activate the expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), particularly HERV-K (HML-2). HIV controllers (HICs) are rare people living with HIV (PLWHs) who naturally control HIV-1 replication and overexpress some cellular restriction factors that negatively regulate the LTR-driven transcription of HIV-1 proviruses. OBJECTIVES To understand the ability of HICs to control the expression of endogenous retroviruses. METHODS We measured endogenous retrovirus type K6 (ERVK-6) RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HICs (n = 23), antiretroviral (ART)-suppressed subjects (n = 8), and HIV-1-negative (NEG) individuals (n = 10) and correlated the transcript expression of ERVK-6 with multiple HIV-1 cellular restriction factors. FINDINGS Our study revealed that ERVK-6 RNA expression in PBMCs from HICs was significantly downregulated compared with that in both the ART and NEG control groups. Moreover, we detected that ERVK-6 RNA levels in PBMCs across all groups were negatively correlated with the expression levels of p21 and MCPIP1, two cellular restriction factors that limit the activation of macrophages and T cells by downregulating the activity of NF-kB. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that HICs activate innate antiviral mechanisms that may simultaneously downregulate the transcription of both exogenous (HIV-1) and endogenous (ERVK-6) retroviruses. Future studies with larger cohorts should be performed to confirm this hypothesis and to explore the role of p21 and MCPIP1 in regulating HERV-K expression in physiological and pathological conditions. HIV1 1 (HIV)- HERVs, HERVs , (HERVs) HERVK HERV K HML2. HML2 HML 2 . (HML-2) (HICs PLWHs (PLWHs HIV- LTRdriven LTR driven proviruses ERVK6 ERVK 6 (ERVK-6 (PBMCs n 23, 23 23) ARTsuppressed suppressed 8, 8 8) HIV1negative HIVnegative negative (NEG 10 ERVK- Moreover p p2 MCPIP NFkB. NFkB NF kB. kB NF-kB (HIV-1 conditions (HIV) (HERVs (HML-2 (ERVK- (HIV- (HIV (HML- (ERVK (HML

Resumo Lajes com fôrmas metálicas utilizadas durante a concretagem são um sistema estrutural misto composto de aço e concreto. O modo de falha por cisalhamento horizontal é o mais comum em lajes mistas com bases em numerosos estudos experimentais. Esta falha consiste na perda de aderência e contato mecânico do sistema misto e, frequentemente, ocorre antes do sistema atingir sua capacidade máxima à flexão plástica. Assim, o projeto deste sistema construtivo é determinado pela sua resistência ao cisalhamento longitudinal, que pode ser determinada pelo método semiempírico convencional m-k com base no ensaio de flexão de quatro pontos proposto por diversas normas. Um dos fatores conhecidos de maior influência na resistência ao cisalhamento longitudinal é a geometria das mossas presentes na fôrma metálica. Simulações computacionais por meio do método dos elementos finitos calibradas com base em resultados experimentais podem ser uma alternativa à realização deste tipo de ensaio. O presente trabalho modificou e adaptou uma metodologia que inclui explicitamente a geometria das mossas na análise de modo a usar materiais e produtos com características disponíveis para os engenheiros estruturais do Brasil e usou esta metodologia para derivar coeficientes m-k. Isto foi feito com o objetivo de simular numericamente o efeito de parâmetros relevantes para determinar a resistência ao cisalhamento longitudinal na interface aço-concreto de lajes mistas. Gráficos de força versus deslocamentos foram obtidos e os valores dos coeficientes m-k foram comparados com aqueles de outros autores na literatura. As simulações apresentaram valores consistentes com a literatura e, em relação ao modo de ruptura por cisalhamento longitudinal, as simulações numéricas realizadas apresentaram resistências últimas com bom ajuste medido pelo coeficiente de determinação convencional chegando a um valor bom para a relação semiempírica utilizando os resultados dos dados de elementos finitos. concreto frequentemente plástica Assim mk m k normas metálica mk. k. açoconcreto

Abstract Slabs with cast-in-place steel formwork are composite structural elements composed of concrete and steel. The horizontal shear failure mode is the most common in composite slabs based on numerous experimental studies. This failure mode consists of loss of adherence and mechanical contact at the interface of the composite system and often occurs before the system reaches its full bending capacity. Thus, the design of this constructive system is determined by the value of the longitudinal shear strength, which can be computed by the semi-empirical so-called traditional m-k method based on the four-point bending test proposed by several standards. One of the most known factors to influence the longitudinal shear strength is the geometry of embossments present in the steel work. Calibrated computational simulation using the finite element method can be an alternative way to simulate this type of test. The present work modified and adapted a methodology explicitly including the geometry of embossments in the analysis in order to use materials and products with characteristics available to structural engineers in Brazil and used this methodology to derive m-k coefficients. This is being made with the objective of numerically simulating the effect of relevant parameters for determining the longitudinal shear strength at the concrete-steel interface of composite slabs. Force versus slip, force versus displacement graphs were obtained and the m-k coefficient values found were compared with those of other authors in the literature. The simulations presented values consistent with the literature and in relation to the rupture mode by longitudinal shear, the numerical simulations performed presented ultimate strengths with goodness-of-fit measured by the conventional coefficient of determination, reaching a good value for the semi-empirical relation using the results of the finite element data. castinplace cast place studies capacity Thus semiempirical semi empirical socalled so called mk m k fourpoint four point standards coefficients concretesteel slip goodnessoffit goodness fit determination data

Abstract For decades people near mine sites have complained of blasting-induced vibrations, because of that, tools of vibration prediction have a great significance. The idea of this work is to determine the probability of rock-blasting-induced vibrations exceed the threshold limits of international standards, related to structural damage and human discomfort. It is believed that a probabilistic analysis is a useful tool for avoiding harm to communities nearby. This paper shows how Monte Carlo simulation could be applied for blast-induced vibration from stochastic variables (maximum charge per delay and distance between blasting and the monitoring point) with the application of a representative attenuation law. For ground vibrations, it was observe 55% probability of structural damage in a community for a charge of 150 kg, 84% probability for human discomfort with a distance of 1000 m and 450 kg. However, for airblast overpressure it was observed no influence over the community studied.

Resumen Durante décadas, las personas cercanas a las minas se han quejado de vibraciones inducidas por voladuras, por eso, las herramientas de predicción de vibraciones tienen un gran significado. Este trabajo intenta a determinar la probabilidad de las vibraciones inducidas por voladuras de rocas superen los límites de los estándares internacionales de daños estructurales y malestar humano. Se cree que un análisis probabilístico es una herramienta útil para evitar daños a las comunidades cercanas. Este artículo muestra cómo se podría aplicar la simulación de Monte Carlo para las vibraciones a partir de variables estocásticas (carga explosiva y distancia) y una ley de atenuación representativa. Para vibraciones del suelo se observó 55% de probabilidad de daño estructural en una comunidad para una carga de 150 kg, 84% de probabilidad de malestar humano con una distancia de 1000 m y 450 kg. Considerando el ruido, no se observó influencia sobre la comunidad estudiada.

RESUMO O excesso de sais na água de irrigação restringe a exploração agrícola em regiões áridas e semiáridas. Assim, a busca por estratégias de cultivo sob condições de estresse salino é importante para expansão da agricultura irrigada nestas regiões. Assim, objetivou-se com a pesquisa, avaliar as trocas gasosas e as taxas de crescimento de genótipos de algodoeiro de fibra naturalmente colorida irrigados com águas salinas e sob aplicação exógena foliar de concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em condições de casa de vegetação, em Campina Grande – PB, utilizando o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados e arranjo fatorial 4 × 3 × 2, sendo quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio – H2O2 (0; 25; 50 e 75 µM), três genótipos de algodoeiro de fibra colorida - GA (BRS Rubi; BRS Topázio e BRS Verde) e dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,8 e 5,3 dS m-1) e com três repetições. A irrigação com água de condutividade elétrica de 5,3 dS m-1 associada a aplicação foliar de 50 µM de peróxido de hidrogênio favorece as trocas gasosas e as taxas de crescimento do algodoeiro BRS Rubi, aos 60 dias após a semeadura. A salinidade de 5,3 dS m-1 associado a aplicações foliares de 50 µM de peróxido de hidrogênio aumenta a porcentagem dano celular e a concentração interna de CO2, no entanto reduz a condutância estomática, transpiração, taxa de assimilação de CO2 e as taxas de crescimento do algodoeiro BRS Topázio. semiáridas Assim objetivouse objetivou se vegetação PB 2 HO H H2O 0 (0 25 5 7 µM, , µM) Rubi Verde 0,8 08 8 (0, 53 5, m1 m 1 repetições m- 6 semeadura CO estomática transpiração ( 0,

ABSTRACT The excess of salts in irrigation water restricts agricultural exploitation in arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, searching for strategies of cultivation under salt stress conditions is important for the expansion of irrigated agriculture in these regions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and growth rates of naturally colored-fiber cotton genotypes irrigated with saline water and under exogenous foliar application of hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, in Campina Grande - PB, using the randomized block experimental design and 4 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 25, 50, and 75 µM), three colored-fiber cotton genotypes - CG (BRS Rubi; BRS Topázio; BRS Verde) and two levels of electrical conductivity of water - ECw (0.8 and 5.3 dS m-1), with three replicates. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity of 5.3 dS m-1 associated with foliar application of 50 µM of hydrogen peroxide favors gas exchange and growth rates of BRS Rubi cotton, at 60 days after sowing. Salinity of 5.3 dS m-1 associated with foliar applications of 50 µM of hydrogen peroxide increased the percentage of cell damage and the internal CO2 concentration, but reduced the stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, and growth rates of BRS Topázio cotton. semiarid semi regions Thus coloredfiber colored fiber PB arrangement HO H O H2O 0, 0 (0 25 7 µM, , µM) Verde 0.8 08 8 (0. 53 5 5. m1, m1 m 1 m-1) replicates m- 6 sowing CO concentration conductance transpiration rate ( 0.

BACKGROUND A positive Trypanosoma cruzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD). OBJECTIVES To study the association of clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics and biomarker blood levels with positive T. cruzi PCR in chronic CD. METHODS This is a single-centre observational cross-sectional study. Positive T. cruzi PCR association with clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics, and biomarker blood levels were studied by logistic regression analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered significant. FINDINGS Among 333 patients with chronic CD (56.4% men; 62 ± 10 years), T. cruzi PCR was positive in 41.1%. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression showed an independent association between positive T. cruzi PCR and diabetes mellitus {odds ratio (OR) 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.93]; p = 0.03}, right bundle branch block [OR 1.78 (95% CI 1.09-2.89); p = 0.02], and history of trypanocidal treatment [OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.04-0.38); p = 0.0002]. Among patients with a history of trypanocidal treatment (n = 39), only four (10%) patients had a positive T. cruzi PCR. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Among several studied parameters, only diabetes mellitus, right bundle branch block, and history of trypanocidal treatment showed an independent association with positive T. cruzi PCR. History of trypanocidal treatment was a strong protective factor against a positive T. cruzi PCR. (PCR . (CD) clinical electrocardiographic T singlecentre single centre crosssectional cross sectional analysis 005 0 05 0.0 significant 33 56.4% 564 56 4 (56.4 men 6 1 years, years , years) 411 41 41.1% odds OR (OR 053 53 0.5 95% 95 [95 (CI 0.300.93 030093 0.30 0.93 30 93 0.30-0.93] 0.03, 003 0.03 03 0.03} 178 78 1.7 (95 1.092.89 109289 1.09 2.89 09 2 89 1.09-2.89) 0.02, 002 0.02 02 0.02] 013 13 0.1 0.040.38 004038 0.04 0.38 04 38 0.04-0.38) 0.0002. 00002 0.0002 0002 0.0002] n 39, 39 39) 10% (10% parameters (CD 00 0. 3 56.4 5 (56. 41.1 9 [9 300 0.300.9 03009 030 0.3 093 0.9 0.30-0.93 17 7 1. (9 092 1.092.8 10928 109 1.0 289 2.8 8 1.09-2.89 01 040 0.040.3 00403 004 038 0.04-0.38 0000 0.000 000 (10 56. (56 41. [ 0.300. 0300 0.30-0.9 ( 1.092. 1092 28 2. 1.09-2.8 0.040. 0040 0.04-0.3 0.00 (1 (5 0.300 0.30-0. 1.092 1.09-2. 0.040 0.04-0. 0.30-0 1.09-2 0.04-0 0.30- 1.09- 0.04-

BACKGROUND Elite controllers (EC) are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who can maintain low viral loads for extended periods without antiretroviral therapy due to multifactorial and individual characteristics. Most have a small HIV-1 reservoir composed of identical proviral sequences maintained by clonal expansion of infected CD4+ T cells. However, some have a more diverse peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-associated HIV-1 reservoir with unique sequences. OBJECTIVES To understand the turnover dynamics of the PBMC-associated viral quasispecies in ECs with relatively diverse circulating proviral reservoirs. METHODS We performed single genome amplification of the env gene at three time points during six years in two EC with high intra-host HIV DNA diversity. FINDINGS Both EC displayed quite diverse PBMCs-associated viral quasispecies (mean env diversity = 1.9-4.1%) across all time-points comprising both identical proviruses that are probably clonally expanded and unique proviruses with evidence of ongoing evolution. HIV-1 env glycosylation pattern suggests that ancestral and evolving proviruses may display different phenotypes of resistance to broadly neutralising antibodies consistent with persistent immune pressure. Evolving viruses may progressively replace the ancestral ones or may remain as minor variants in the circulating proviral population. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These findings support that the high intra-host HIV-1 diversity of some EC resulted from long-term persistence of archival proviruses combined with the continuous reservoir’s reseeding and low, but measurable, viral evolution despite undetectable viremia. (EC HIVpositive positive characteristics HIV1 1 HIV- CD4 CD cells However PBMCassociated PBMC associated reservoirs intrahost intra host PBMCsassociated PBMCs mean 1.94.1% 1941 1.9 4.1% 9 4 1.9-4.1% timepoints pressure population longterm long term s measurable viremia 94 1.94.1 194 19 1. 41 4.1 1.9-4.1 1.94. 4. 1.9-4. 1.94 1.9-4 1.9-

Abstract Santonian-Campanian tuffaceous siltstone, epiclastic siltstone, arkose, and fossiliferous mudstone occur in a 45-m-thick section of well 1-BRSA-37-RJS drilled in the southern Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil. Well log data and petrographic and lithogeochemical data obtained from cutting samples were used to propose a schematic model of the volcano's sedimentary paleoenvironment. The volcaniclasts in the tuffaceous siltstone and epiclastic siltstone are scoria basalts, typical of spatter cones associated with monogenetic fields worldwide. The combination of these features with the petrographic ones of the arkoses found in the same well interval is likely to be related to volcaniclastic processes taking place on the continental shelf. Ratios between the immobile trace elements of the volcaniclastic rocks can be explained by mixing between sources in the upper continental crust adjacent to southern Campos and the scoria basalts extruded in the monogenetic fields. The little differentiated, olivine-rich basalts extruded from the scoria and spatter cones suggest a rising asthenosphere mantle extending from hundreds of kilometers eastwards till southern Campos in the Santonian-Campanian. This may have resulted in regional discordances in the Santonian, both in the Campos and Santos basins, and also places the petroleum systems in the southern Campos Basin under the thermal influence of such a rising asthenosphere in the Santonian-Campanian. SantonianCampanian Santonian Campanian arkose 45mthick mthick 45 m thick 1BRSA37RJS BRSARJS 1 BRSA 37 RJS Brazil volcanos volcano s paleoenvironment worldwide shelf differentiated olivinerich olivine rich SantonianCampanian. Campanian. basins 4 3

Resumen Antecedentes: la cáscara de café obtenida por procesamiento en seco presenta potencial de uso en la alimentación de rumiantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la composición química, la degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca (DM) y de la fibra detergente neutra (NDF) de la cascara de café tratada con óxido de calcio (CaO) en diferentes condiciones ambientales (EC). Métodos: la cáscara de café fue sometida a tratamientos distribuidos en un diseño factorial 2 x 2, dos dosis de CaO (0 a 5% en base seca), y dos condiciones ambientales (aeróbica y anaeróbica) en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones, totalizando dieciséis unidades experimentales. Las muestras de cinco gramos se incubaron en el rumen de dos bovinos machos durante 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 horas. Resultados: para los parámetros cinéticos de degradación de la DM, a excepción de la fracción b, la degradabilidad potencial y efectiva fueron afectadas (p<0,05) por la interacción CaO × EC. En cuanto a los parámetros estimados de la degradación de la fibra, la fracción potencialmente degradable b presentó efecto (p<0,05) para CaO y EC. El tratamiento con CaO promovió un aumento de la fracción b en 4,08 puntos porcentuales. Conclusión: la utilización del CaO para el tratamiento de la cáscara de café aumenta la degradabilidad efectiva y potencial de la DM y reducción de la fracción no degradable de la fibra. La condición de anaerobiosis se constituye en el mejor ambiente para el tratamiento de la cascara de café con CaO.

Resumo Antecedentes: cascas de café obtidas pelo processamento a seco têm potencial de serem usadas na alimentação de ruminantes. Objetivo: avaliar a composição química, a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (DM) e da fibra em detergente neutro (NDF) da casca de café tratada com óxido de cálcio (CaO) em diferentes condições de ambiente (EC). Métodos: a casca de café foi submetida aos tratamentos, distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2 × 2, sendo duas doses de CaO (0 e 5% base da matéria seca) e duas condições de ambiente (aeróbico e anaeróbico), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, totalizando dezesseis unidades experimentais. Amostras de cinco gramas foram incubadas no rúmen de dois bovinos machos, nos tempos 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas. Resultados: para os parâmetros cinéticos de degradação da DM, à exceção da fração b, a degradabilidade potencial e efetiva foram afetados (p<0,05) pela interação CaO × EC. Quanto aos parâmetros estimados da degradação da fibra, a fração potencialmente degradável (b) apresentou efeito (p<0,05) para CaO e EC. O tratamento com CaO promoveu aumento da fração b em 4,08 pontos percentuais. Conclusões: a utilização do CaO no tratamento da casca de café promove aumento da degradabilidade efetiva e potencial da DM e redução da fração indegradável da fibra. A condição de anaerobiose constitui-se no melhor ambiente para o tratamento da casca de café com CaO.

Abstract Background: Coffee hulls obtained from dry processing, have the potential to be used in ruminant diets. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of coffee hulls treated with calcium oxide (CaO) in different environmental conditions (EC). Methods: Coffee hulls were subjected to treatments distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of two levels of CaO (0 and 5%, on a DM basis) and two environmental conditions (aerobiosis and anaerobiosis) in a completely randomized design with four replicates, totaling sixteen experimental units. Five-gram samples were incubated in the rumen of two male cattle for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Results: Regarding dry matter degradation kinetic parameters, except for fraction b, the potential and effective degradability was affected (p<0.05) by a CaO × EC interaction. As for estimated fiber degradation parameters, the potentially degradable fraction b was affected (p<0.05) by CaO and EC. Treatment with CaO increased fraction b in 4.08 percentage points. Conclusions: The use of CaO in the treatment of coffee hulls increases the effective and potential degradability of DM and reduces the undegradable fiber fraction. Anaerobic condition is the best environment for the treatment of coffee hulls with CaO.

Resumen: El engaño consiste en un fenómeno que está presente en la vida cotidiana de las personas en sus interacciones sociales, como en las relaciones amorosas, y puede estar relacionado con mentiras, distorsiones y ocultamiento de información. Por ello, se considera importante estudiar variables que puedan ayudar a comprender este fenómeno, como la tríada de la personalidad oscura. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo saber en qué medida los rasgos de personalidad oscura están relacionados con el uso del engaño y del engaño percibido por la pareja en las relaciones románticas. Para esto, 300 personas que estaban en una relación romántica (75.7% mujeres; M edad = 25.79; DP = 6.1) participaron de nuestro estudio. Estos respondieron a las escalas de Uso del Engaño, el Engaño Percibido por la Pareja, la Tríada Oscura y las preguntas demográficas. Los resultados que indican que el Uso del Engaño y el Engaño Percibido por la Pareja se explicaron por el Rasgo del Maquiavelismo. Se concluye que el Maquiavelismo obtuvo las relaciones más consistentes con el uso del engaño.

Abstract: Deception consists of a phenomenon that is present in people's daily lives in their social interactions, as in love relationships and can be related to lies, distortion and hiding information. Thus, it is considered important to study variables that can help in understanding this phenomenon, such as the dark personality triad. The present study aimed to know how extent the dark personality traits are related to the use of deception and deception perceived by the partner in romantic relationships. There was the participation of 300 people who were in a loving relationship. (75.7% women; Mage = 25.79; SD = 6.1). These answered the scales of Deception Use, Deception Perceived by the Partner, Dark Triad and demographic questions. Results indicating that the Use of Deception and Deception Perceived by the Partner were explained by the Machiavellianism Trace. In conclusion, the Machiavellianism obtained the most consistent relations with the use of deception, suggesting that the tendencies towards insensitivity and interpersonal manipulation, facilitate the engagement in lies.

Resumo: O engano consiste em um fenômeno que está presente no cotidiano das pessoas em suas interações sociais, como nos relacionamentos amorosos e pode estar relacionado a mentiras, distorção e ocultação de informações. Desse modo, considera-se importante os estudo de variáveis que possam auxiliar na compreensão desse fenômeno, a exemplo da tríade sombria da personalidade. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou conhecer em que medida os traços sombrios de personalidade se relacionam com o uso de engano e engano percebido pelo parceiro nos relacionamentos românticos. Contou-se com a participação de 300 pessoas que estavam em um relacionamento amoroso (75.7% mulheres; M idade = 25.79; DP = 6.1). Estes responderam as escalas de Uso de Engano, Engano Percebido pelo Parceiro, Tríade Sombria e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que o Uso de Engano e o Engano Percebido pelo Parceiro foram explicados pelo traço de maquiavelismo. Conclui-se que maquiavelismo obteve as relações mais consistentes com o uso de engano, sugerindo que as tendências para a insensibilidade e manipulação interpessoal, facilita o engajamento em mentiras.

Resumen: Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo desarrollar una medida de prácticas sexuales liberales, reuniendo evidencias de sus propiedades psicométricas. En el Estudio 1 (N=216; M edad = 24.5, 65.7% mujeres), las cuales contestaron a la Escala de Prácticas Sexuales Liberales y preguntas demográficas. Un análisis factorial exploratorio indicó una estructura unifatorial compuesta por nueve ítems. Por medio de teoría de respuesta al ítem se ha podido observar que estos ítems contribuyeron con la tasa total de información del instrumento. En el Estudio 2 (N= 220; M edad = 24.1; 68.2% mujeres), que contestaron a la EPSL, el Cuestionario de Liberalismo y Conservadurismo Sexual. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio ha corroborado la estructura de la EPSL que se ha correlacionado con los factores del CLCS (autoerotismo, pornografía, homosexualidad y sexo premarital). Se ha concluido que la EPSL, presenta siendo adecuada para uso en investigaciones sobre prácticas sexuales liberales en el contexto brasileño.

Abstract: This study aimed to develop a measure of liberal sexual practices, gathering evidence of its psychometric properties. Two studies were performed in the general population. In Study 1, the participants (N = 216; Mage = 24.5, 65.7% women) answered the Liberal Sexual Practices Scale and demographic questions. An exploratory factorial analysis indicated a one-factor solution composed by nine items, which presented adequate reliability. Through Item Response Theory, it was observed that these items contributed similarly to the total information rate of this instrument. In Study 2, the participants (N = 220; Mage = 24.1, 68.2% women) answered additionally the Liberalism and Conservatism Sexual Questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the one-factor structure of the LSPS, which was correlated as expected with the LCSQ factors (autoeroticism, pornography, homosexuality, and premarital sex). In conclusion, the LSPS, presents satisfactory psychometric evidences to measure liberal sexual practices in the Brazilian context.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma medida de práticas sexuais liberais, reunindo evidências de suas propriedades psicométricas. Dois estudos foram realizados na população geral. No Estudo 1 (N = 216; Midade = 24,5; 65,7% mulheres), os participantes responderam a Escala de Práticas Sexuais Liberais e perguntas demográficas. Uma análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unifatorial, composta por nove itens, com fidedignidade adequada. Via Teoria de Resposta ao Item se observou que estes itens contribuíram similarmente com a taxa total de informação do instrumento. No Estudo 2 (N = 220; Midade = 24,1; 68,2% mulheres), os participantes responderam adicionalmente o Questionário de Liberalismo e Conservadorismo Sexual. Uma análise fatorial confirmatória corroborou a estrutura unifatorial da EPSL que se correlacionou da maneira esperada com os fatores do QLCS (autoerotismo, pornografia, homossexualidade e sexo pré-marital). Conclui-se que a EPSL apresenta evidências psicométricas satisfatórias para mensurar as práticas sexuais liberais no contexto brasileiro.

ABSTRACT Soil management and crop rotation are key factors in controlling the accumulation of C and N in the soil profile, but their long-term effect remains poorly understood for deep soil layers, especially in subtropical conditions. Using a long-term experiment (26-years), this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different soil management systems associated with different winter cover crops on C and N accumulation in a very clayey (72 % clay) soil up to 1 m deep. Two tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)] were cultivated with eight winter cover crops (black oat, rye, common vetch, hairy vetch, oilseed radish, wheat, blue lupine, and fallow) in a subtropical Oxisol from Southern Brazil. Soil samples were taken in eight soil layers up to 1.00 m soil depth after 26 years of experiment and, also from an adjacent native forest. After forest clearing, the C stock in the 0.00-0.20 m soil layer was reduced by 45 % in only 10 years (from 1976 to 1986) of soil tillage. Twenty-six years after the beginning of the experiment, C and N stock in 0.00-0.20 m soil layer were 13 and 20 % higher in NT compared to CT, with the greatest differences in C and N content observed in the 0.00-0.05 m layer. When associated with winter cover crops, NT accumulated 0.6 and 0.06 Mg ha-1 yr-1 more C and N than CT with winter fallow in the 0.00-0.20 m soil layer. No-tillage and CT recovered 95 and 83 %, respectively, of the C stock found in the 0.00-0.20 m layer from the native forest. However, in the 0.00-1.00 m soil layer, the positive effect of NT on soil C accumulation compared to CT was diluted, and no clear effect of NT was verified. Moreover, no difference in winter cover crops on soil C and N stocks were observed in all soil layers, possibly due to their similar residues input (3.3-4.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1). No-tillage associated with high biomass input through winter cover crops promoted a faster recovery of soil C and N stock than in CT and, therefore, is an efficient tool to improve soil C and N accumulation even in Oxisols with high clay content.

Resumen En este artículo analizamos los efectos de la estructura de propiedad, estructura de capital y las oportunidades de crecimiento sobre la reacción del precio de las acciones cuando las empresas emiten deuda o capital. Nuestros resultados, basados en la metodología de análisis de eventos y regresiones IV sobre una muestra de 70 empresas chilenas, indican que la propiedad de los accionistas controladores tiene un efecto negativo en la reacción del precio de las acciones cuando las empresas emiten deuda y positivo cuando emiten acciones. Este resultado indica que las emisiones de deuda son un sustituto del control mayoritario de los accionistas y las emisiones de capital se asocian con un mayor desempeño corporativo. Las emisiones de capital son un medio para expropiar riqueza de los accionistas no controladores. Las oportunidades de deuda y crecimiento tienen un efecto no lineal. JEL Classification: G14, G31, G32, G34

Abstract We analyzed the effects of ownership structure, capital structure and growth opportunities on stock price reactions when companies issued debt or equity. Our results, based on event study methodology and IV regressions from a sample of 70 Chilean firms, indicate that controlling shareholder ownership has a negative effect on stock price reactions for debt issuances and a positive effect for equity issuance. These results indicate that debt issuances are a substitute for majority shareholder monitoring, and that equity issuances are associated with superior corporate performance. Equity issuances are a means for expropriating wealth from non-controlling shareholders. Debt and growth opportunities have a non-linear effect. JEL Classification: G14, G31, G32, G34