In this research, a meticulous screening process was conducted using four servers: Drug Target Explorer, Swiss Target Predictor, SEA Predictor, and Target Hunter. The primary objective was to identify a series of potential biological targets related to the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis in cancer cells using cinnamic acid derivatives. This study focused on five specific targets, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), all of which are well known to play a significant role in cancer cell dynamics. To explore both molecular recognition and molecular dynamics, a series of in silico investigations (docking and molecular dynamics) were carried out using a collection of 14 cinnamic acid derivatives, including cinnamic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as a notable reference molecule due to its widely recognized anticancer effects. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro data revealed a potentially promising cytotoxic effect of (E)-N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide (LQM755) on a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS cells), which are characterized by the overexpression of the MMP9 protein. Therefore, the chemical compound LQM755 provides an initial perspective in the field of cancer therapy. research servers Explorer Predictor Hunter derivatives MMP9, MMP , (MMP9) AIF, AIF (AIF) aldoketo aldo keto C AKR1C3, AKR1C3 AKRC AKR (AKR1C3) B B1 AKR1B10, AKR1B10 AKRB (AKR1B10) mitogenactivated mitogen activated MAPK14, MAPK14 MAPK (MAPK14) dynamics docking CAPE (CAPE effects Furthermore EN3,4dichlorophenylmethyl34phenoxyphenyl2propenamide EN34dichlorophenylmethyl34phenoxyphenyl2propenamide ENdichlorophenylmethylphenoxyphenylpropenamide E N 3,4 dichlorophenyl methyl 3 4 phenoxyphenyl 2 propenamide LQM (LQM755 cellline line AGS cells, cells) Therefore LQM75 therapy (MMP9 (AIF AKR1C (AKR1C3 AKR1B1 (AKR1B10 MAPK1 (MAPK14 EN3 4dichlorophenylmethyl34phenoxyphenyl2propenamide EN dichlorophenylmethyl 34 3, (LQM75 LQM7 (MMP (AKR1C AKR1B (AKR1B1 (MAPK1 dichlorophenylmethylphenoxyphenylpropenamide (LQM7 (AKR1B (MAPK (LQM

Abstract In swine production systems, one of the critical points that must be strictly attended to is the health of the pigs. Health is a structural component of animal welfare and reflects an optimal state of the animals, which has a direct impact on a higher productive performance and better development conditions. Infectious diseases are one of the greatest threats to the health of pigs and can cause losses of up to 100 % of production; therefore, it requires constant attention and continuous monitoring by the veterinarian and producers, in perfect coordination with the official health authorities. Currently, the implementation of best practices in the production chain is of interest to both producers and consumers. The control of infectious diseases requires collaboration between the various actors in the environment and must be considered a public good, since their negative repercussions can range from the local to the global level. This review will address the main infectious diseases that endanger swine health, their impact, the main contributions made by the National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock (INIFAP) in its 35 years of life, mainly at the National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (CENID-SAI), formerly known as the emblematic CENID-Microbiología or Palo Alto.

Resumen En los sistemas de producción porcina, uno de los puntos críticos que deben ser atendidos con estricto rigor, es la salud de los cerdos. La salud, es un componente estructural del bienestar animal y refleja un estado óptimo de los animales, lo que repercute directamente en un mayor desempeño productivo y mejores condiciones de desarrollo. Uno de los eslabones más frágiles de la salud de los cerdos, es la presencia de enfermedades infecciosas más importantes, las cuales pueden representar pérdidas hasta del 100 % de la producción, por lo cual, debe ser un tema de atención constante, y continuamente vigilado por el Médico Veterinario Zootecnista y los productores, en perfecta coordinación con las autoridades sanitarias oficiales. En la actualidad, la implementación de mejores prácticas en la cadena productiva es de interés para productores y consumidores. El control de las enfermedades infecciosas debe ser un tema de colaboración entre los diferentes actores del entorno y ser considerado un bien público, ya que las repercusiones negativas, pueden ser desde el nivel local hasta mundial. En la presente revisión, se abordará la temática relacionada con las principales enfermedades infecciosas que ponen en riesgo la salud porcina, el impacto, las principales aportaciones realizadas por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) en sus 35 años de vida, específicamente en el Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID-SAI), anteriormente conocido como el emblemático CENID-Microbiología o Palo Alto.

Resumo A baixa sobrevivência de planta florestal nas reflorestações torna necessária a adopção de técnicas de viveiro de acordo com as características do local da plantação. Foi estabelecida uma experiência para determinar os efeitos de dois fatores de gestão de viveiros nas variáveis morfofisiológicas de Pinus leiophylla durante o desenvolvimento inicial em campo. Os fatores testados do viveiro foram estabelecidos a dois níveis: substrato de fator 1: musgo de turfa, serradura de pinheiro cru; fator 2 taxa de adição de nutrientes: constante, exponencial. Conclui-se que a utilização de serradura crua como substrato produz pequenas plantas com elevadas concentrações nutricionais de N, P e K devido a um efeito de concentração causado pela taxa de fertilização exponencial, que apresenta uma sobrevivência adequada e crescimento inicial no campo, em solos rasos de baixa fertilidade, exibindo maiores aumentos de altura e biomassa de agulhas. A fertilização exponencial aumenta as reservas de nutrientes, melhorando o crescimento inicial no campo com ambos os substratos, musgos de turfa e serradura. Todos os indivíduos transplantados tiveram uma taxa de sobrevivência de 80 % num local degradado, um número que excede o relatado no México durante a última década.

Abstract The low survival of forest plants in reforestations makes it necessary to adopt nursery techniques according to the characteristics of the plantation site. An experiment was established to determine the effects of two nursery management factors on morphophysiological variables of Pinus leiophylla during initial field development. The factors tested from the nursery were established at two levels: factor 1 substrate: peat moss, raw pine sawdust; factor 2 nutrient addition rate: constant, exponential. It is concluded that the use of raw sawdust as a substrate produces small plants with high nutritional concentrations of N, P and K due to a concentration effect caused by the exponential fertilization rate, which presents adequate survival and initial growth in the field, in shallow soils of low fertility, exhibiting greater increases in height and needle biomass. Exponential fertilization increases nutrient reserves, improving initial growth in the field with both substrates, peat moss and sawdust. All transplanted individuals had a survival rate of 80 % within a degraded site, a Figure that exceeds that reported in Mexico during the last decade.

Resumen La baja sobrevivencia de planta forestal en las reforestaciones hace necesario adoptar técnicas de vivero en función de las características del sitio de plantación. Se estableció un experimento para determinar los efectos de dos factores de manejo en vivero, sobre variables morfofisiológicas de Pinus leiophylla durante el desarrollo inicial en campo. Los factores probados desde vivero fueron establecidos con dos niveles: factor 1 sustrato: peat moss, aserrín crudo de pino; factor 2 tasa de adición nutrimental: constante, exponencial. Se concluye que el uso de aserrín crudo como sustrato produce plantas pequeñas con altas concentraciones nutrimentales de N, P y K debido a un efecto de concentración causado por la tasa de fertilización exponencial, la cual presenta adecuada sobrevivencia y crecimiento inicial en campo, en suelos poco profundos y de baja fertilidad, exhibiendo mayores incrementos de altura y biomasa de acículas. La fertilización exponencial incrementa las reservas nutrimentales, mejorando el crecimiento inicial en campo con ambos sustratos, peat moss y aserrín. Todos los individuos trasplantados tuvieron una sobrevivencia del 80 % dentro de un sitio degradado, cifra que supera lo reportado en México durante la última década.

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of neurological disability among young adults. The disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) have been a breakthrough in the care of this patients, becoming a treatable disease. Today, we face a broad spectrum of treatment possibilities, which should be used rationally to provide the maximum benefit for the patients. In the context of the introduction of ocrelizumab as a treatment option in the Mexican MS DMT portfolio, a group of neurologists was convened to analyze the potential transition among DMT from their experience, through a desk research and expert opinion. As a result, here we describe the different considerations suggested for switching from different DMT to ocrelizumab that includes profiling studies, washout periods, and follow-up considerations. We concluded that the switch from other DMT previously used to ocrelizumab could be convenient and safe, as long as there is an adequate selection and profiling of the patients.

Resumen La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es la principal causa neurológica de discapacidad en adultos jóvenes. Los tratamientos modificadores de la enfermedad (TME) han representado un enorme avance en su atención y han convertido a la EM en una enfermedad tratable. Hoy día nos enfrentamos a un amplio espectro de posibilidades de tratamientos, que deben ser utilizados de forma racional para brindar el mayor beneficio a los pacientes. En el contexto de la introducción del ocrelizumab al mercado mexicano se convocó a un grupo de neurólogos con el fin de analizar la transición terapéutica desde diferentes ópticas, con base en la experiencia del grupo convocado con el uso de TME, realizando una investigación documental y de opinión de expertos. Como resultado se describen los diferentes aspectos para considerar el cambio de diferentes moléculas previamente usadas a ocrelizumab, así como los estudios de perfilamiento sugeridos, el tiempo de eliminación para cada molécula, los tiempos de lavado necesarios para cada molécula y los estudios de seguimiento necesarios. Se concluye que el cambio de las TME presentes a ocrelizumab puede resultar conveniente y seguro, siempre y cuando exista una adecuada selección y perfilamiento de los pacientes.

Abstract: The lack of a public policy based on scientific and traditional knowledge, oriented to the integral management of the territory is intrinsically expressed in the construction of risk, and therefore in the increase of the occurrence of disasters. Although in the last three decades there have been some advances in terms of civil protection in Mexico, it is necessary to conduct a critical review and evaluation of the National Civil Protection System and the existing institutional framework within the three orders of government, to determine role and functionality, as well as its effectiveness and relevance, in order to analyze its possible transformation into a System or National Coordination of Integrated Disaster Risk Management (IDRM). The implementation of such system should be based on five normative axes; efficiency and equity, integrality, transversality, co-responsibility and accountability. IDRM should be understood as a complex systematic process consisting of a series of decisions, actions and activities, as well as a transversal coordination between the different institutional and social actors, to understand and transform the needs and weaknesses expressed in the different aspects of vulnerability and exposure, in specific responses and collective solutions, whose main objective is the deconstruction of risk. Inevitably, IDRM requires a foundation directed towards the reduction of vulnerabilities as a strategic axis of diagnosis, laws, programs and co-management of government and society, where safeguarding human life is privileged, along with the improvement of the quality of life of the population and its integral development, within a framework of respect for human rights and, consequently, with a gender perspective. Based on the principles of the IDRM developed and agreed upon at the international level, this document contains a series of recommendations that were discussed by a group of academicians and put into consideration of the candidates for the Presidency of Mexico and those candidates of popular election at the Federal, State and Municipal level in June 2018, as well as to the President-elected Andrés Manuel López Obrador, and the next members of his cabinet, head of the cross-cutting areas related to disaster prevention. Within the sphere of IDRM, the same conception of the General Law of Civil Protection of 2012, poses significant challenges of coordination and institutional, administrative, regulatory and financial reforms, as well as a reconceptualization that could lead to its efficient implementation as a Public Policy. The latter must have a binding cross-sectoral character, in and between the different levels of government and be regulated under the axes of efficiency and equity, integrality, transversality, co-responsibility and accountability. For this, the reduction of institutional vulnerability is unavoidable. The transformation of the current National Civil Protection System into a National System for the IDRM, is raised through 55 considerations and requires the support of the Federal Government to establish new bases, learning from the most valuable elements of the generated experiences and focus on the production of welfare conditions of the population, considering as determining factors for the reduction of social vulnerability. It is a long-term research task, which must begin with the contributions of sciences and social, natural disciplines, as well as engineering and technology, in a sphere of rigorous assessment of its contemporary complexity, from an integral perspective, and therefore, of transdisciplinary work. Under this perspective, the territory is a fundamental factor in the processes of assessment of social vulnerability as it determines to a large extent the scope of the disaster risk reduction required by the National System for IDRM. As such, it is necessary and urgent recovering, disseminating and encouraging scientific research to generate theories, methods and models (quantitative and qualitative) of analysis, aimed at the comprehension of the territory, territoriality and habitability. It also should be directed towards strengthening territorial management, taking into account its different dimensions and scales, for the assessment of the real conditions of the population: experiences, resources, assets, capabilities, potentials and requirements in terms of social welfare, as an inescapable - and irreplaceable - device for the reduction and management of risks. Therefore, undoubtedly, IDRM must be understood in a transversal way to the public policy that affects the use of the territories from the local scale, and through the permanent coordination with other territorial levels: this is where the disasters have their origin and that is where the reduction of risk must first be rooted, which leads to the prevention of future disasters.

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AbstractBackground:The Child Development Evaluation (CDE) test designed and validated in Mexico has been used as a screening tool for developmental problems in primary care facilities across Mexico. Heterogeneous results were found among those states where these were applied, despite using the same standardized training model for application. The objective was to evaluate a supervision model for quality of application of the CDE test at primary care facilities.Methods:A study was carried out in primary care facilities from three Mexican states to evaluate concordance of the results between supervisor and primary care personnel who administered the test using two different methods: direct observation (shadow study) or reapplication of the CDE test (consistency study).Results: There were 380 shadow studies applied to 51 psychologists. General concordance of the shadow study was 86.1% according to the supervisor: green 94.5%, yellow 73.2% and red 80.0%. There were 302 re-test evaluations with a concordance of 88.1% (n = 266): green 96.8%, yellow 71.7% and red 81.8%. There were no differences between CDE test subgroups by age.Conclusions: Both shadow and re-test study were adequate for the evaluation of the quality of the administration of the CDE Test and may be useful as a model of supervision in primary care facilities. The decision of which test to use relies on the availability of supervisors.

ResumenIntroducción:La prueba Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil (EDI), diseñada y validada en México, se ha aplicado en las unidades de atención primaria del país. Los resultados han sido heterogéneos entre los estados en que se aplicaron las pruebas, a pesar de haber utilizado un modelo de capacitación estandarizado con la misma metodología para la aplicación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar un modelo de supervisión que permita identificar la calidad de la aplicación de la prueba EDI a nivel poblacional.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio en la atención primaria tres estados del país para evaluar la aplicación de la prueba EDI por observación directa (estudio de sombra), y verificar la concordancia del resultado a través aplicar la prueba una vez más (estudio de consistencia).Resultados: Se realizaron 380 estudios de sombra a 51 psicólogos. Al comparar el resultado global, se observó una concordancia del 86.1% con el supervisor (n = 327): el 94.5% por resultado verde, el 73.2% por amarillo y el 80.0% por rojo. Se aplicó la prueba nuevamente en 302 casos, con una concordancia del 88.1% (n = 266): el 96.8% por resultado verde, el 71.7% por amarillo y el 81.8% por rojo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas por grupo.Conclusiones: Tanto el estudio de sombra como el de consistencia fueron adecuados para evaluar la calidad de la aplicación de la prueba, y pueden ser de utilidad para supervisar la aplicación de la prueba EDI en atención primaria. La decisión de uno u otro sistema depende de la disponibilidad de supervisores.

This work was carried out in orchards of Mexican lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle] affected by Huanglongbing (HLB) disease and located in the state of Colima, Mexico. The objectives of this work were to characterize the symptoms of the disease in the trees, to evaluate the effect of HLB on the yield and other physical characteristics of the fruit, to determine its dispersion within an orchard and quantify the total orchards affected by HLB. Results showed that in this citrus species, the new vegetative shoots grow strong and healthy looking despite having emerged from symptomatic branches. The symptoms start as small yellowish spots on the leaves when the shoots are 45 to 60 days old. And they show the asymmetric diffuse mottling characteristic of HLB disease when they are 60 to 70 days old. This damage was observed in trees located inside of a structure covered with anti-aphid mesh and also in unprotected trees in the field. There was a significant yield reduction proportional to the percentage of canopy affected by the disease. In HLB symptomatic branches of diseased trees, the fruit was smaller but no misshapen fruits, inverted ripeness or an increase in the number of aborted seeds were detected. In an orchard without HLB vector control, the disease was detected in 53 % of the trees in only one year. HLB is widely spread throughout Colima state. This is the first report on HLB disease symptoms in Mexican lime and their effects on yield and fruit quality.

El trabajo se desarrolló en huertas de limón Mexicano [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle] en Colima, México, que fueron afectadas por el Huanglongbing (HLB). Tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los síntomas de la enfermedad en el árbol, conocer su efecto sobre el rendimiento y algunas características físicas de la fruta, así como determinar su dispersión dentro de un huerto y cuantificar los huertos afectados por HLB. Los resultados muestran que en este cítrico los brotes vegetativos nuevos crecen vigorosos y con aspecto saludable, a pesar de que emerjan de ramillas sintomáticas. Los primeros síntomas aparecen como pequeños puntos amarillentos en las hojas cuando los brotes tienen entre 45 y 60 días de edad. Después de los 60 o 70 días se puede apreciar el moteado difuso asimétrico, característico del HLB. Este daño se apreció tanto en árboles resguardados dentro de una casa de malla antiáfidos, así como en los que estuvieron a cielo abierto. Se registró fuerte reducción en el rendimiento, asociado con la proporción de la copa afectada por la enfermedad. En ramas sintomáticas la fruta tuvo menor tamaño, pero no se detectaron frutos deformes, con maduración invertida o incremento del número de semillas abortadas. En un huerto sin control del vector, en un sólo año se detectó la enfermedad en el 53 % de los árboles. Este es el primer reporte sobre los síntomas de la enfermedad del HLB en limón mexicano y sus efectos en el rendimiento y la calidad de la fruta. El HLB ya ha sido detectado en todo el estado de Colima.

This research was aimed at investigating the predatory behavior of three nematophagous fungi against the histotrophic larvae of H. contortus (L4). Infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus were used for comparison. Three nematophagous fungi were isolated from soil and identified as Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. musiformis and Monacrosporium thaumasium. Two series of agar plateswere used to grow the three NF. Two hundred histotrophic or infective larvae of H. contortus were added to series 1 plates and series 2 plates, respectively, and kept at room temperature. The reduction in larval population was estimated by comparing the mean number of larvae recovered from both series. Capture rates of infective larvae were as follows: A. oligospora 90.3%, A. musiformis 97%, and M. thaumasium 62.3% (P>0.0001). In comparison, the predatory capture rates of t the histotrophic larval populations were as follows: A. oligospora 63.3%; A. musiformis 73.2% and M. thaumasium 69.2% (P>0.0003). The lowest capture rate of histotrophic larvae was observed with A. oligospora and A. musiformis.

Este trabajo investigó el comportamiento depredador de tres hongos nematófagos (HN) contra larvas histiotróficas (L4) de Haemonchus contortus, usando a larvas infectantes (L3) como patrón de comparación. Los hongos fueron aislados de suelo e identificados como Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. musiformis y Monacrosporium thaumasium. Se utilizaron dos series de placas de agar conteniendo los tres HN. En cada placa de las series 1 y 2, se depositaron 200 larvas histotrópicas, e infectantes; respectivamente y se mantuvieron a temperatura ambiente. La reducción larval se estimó comparando las medias de larvas recuperadas en ambas series. Los tres hongos capturaron y se alimentaron de ambos tipos de larvas de la siguiente manera: Las larvas infectantes se redujeron por acción de A. oligospora en 90.3%, A. musiformis 97% y M. thaumasium 62.3% (P>0.0001). Para el caso de larvas histiotrópicas, los hongos redujeron la población de la siguiente manera: A. oligospora 63.3%; A. musiformis 73.2% y M. thaumasium 69.2% (P>0.0003). La más baja actividad de captura se observó con A. oligospora y A. musiformis sobre larvas histiotrópicas.