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Resumo Objetivou-se realizar uma análise espacial da taxa de mortalidade hospitalar (TMH) por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) atribuída à COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil no período de 2020 a 2021. Utilizou-se o método de cluster para agrupar as unidades federativas (UFs) com base na TMH. Em 2020, clusters com altas TMHs foram formados por UFs Norte/Nordeste. Em 2021, houve redução na TMH. Os clusters com maiores taxas permaneceram na região N/NE. Diferenças regionais foram observadas nas TMHs. Os achados podem refletir as desigualdades sociais e o acesso à atenção hospitalar, principalmente na faixa etária de menores de 1 ano pela gravidade da doença neste grupo.

Abstract The objective was to perform a spatial analysis of the hospital mortality rate (HMR) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) attributed to COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Brazil from 2020 to 2021. A cluster method was used to group federal units (FUs) based on HMR. In 2020, clusters with high HMRs were formed by north/northeast FUs. In 2021, there was a reduction in HMR. Clusters with higher rates remained in the N/NE region. Regional differences were observed in the HMR. The findings may reflect social inequalities and access to hospital care, especially in the under 1-year-old age group due to the severity of the disease in this group.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024291.19892022

Spatial analysis of hospital-related mortality due to COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Brazil
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Costa, Silmery da Silva Brito

; Branco, Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho

; Pereira, Andressa Rocha

; Costa, Elisa Miranda

; Araújo, Mayra Sharlenne Moraes

; Oliveira, Daniel Cavalcante de

; Oliveira, Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de

; Rangel, Maurício Eduardo Salgado

; Tonello, Aline Sampieri

; Lopes, Denise Ailine Monteiro

; Pinheiro, Vanessa Vieira

; Câmara, Ana Patricia Barros

; Santos, Alcione Miranda dos

; Vasconcelos, Vitor Vieira

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2024, Volume 29 N. 1 elocation e19892022

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024291.19892022

Spatial analysis of hospital-related mortality due to COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Brazil hospitalrelated hospital related COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 COVID1 1 COVID-
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Costa, Silmery da Silva Brito

; Branco, Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho

; Pereira, Andressa Rocha

; Costa, Elisa Miranda

; Araújo, Mayra Sharlenne Moraes

; Oliveira, Daniel Cavalcante de

; Oliveira, Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de

; Rangel, Maurício Eduardo Salgado

; Tonello, Aline Sampieri

; Lopes, Denise Ailine Monteiro

; Pinheiro, Vanessa Vieira

; Câmara, Ana Patricia Barros

; Santos, Alcione Miranda dos

; Vasconcelos, Vitor Vieira

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2024, Volume 29 N. 1 elocation e19892022

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024291.19892022

Non-carcass components of confined lambs in feedlot using red propolis extract Noncarcass Non carcass
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Vasconcelos, Adriano Mendes

; Almeida, Vitor Visintin Silva de

; Oliveira, Aline Cardoso

; Silva, João Wilian Dias

; Paixão, Tarcísio

; Santos, Laize Vieira

; Silva, Ana Paula Gomes da

; Lima Júnior, Dorgival Morais de

; Silva, Robério Rodrigues

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

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2024, Volume 46 elocation e63201

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the non-carcass components of crossbred Santa Inês lambs finished in feedlot with the inclusion of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE). Thirty-five crossbred lambs were used with an average weight of 17.08 ± 2.36 kg and mean age of five months, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications. The treatments evaluated were: 0; 7; 14 and 21 mL of extract/animal/day Before slaughter, each animal was individually weighed to obtain the body weight at slaughter (BWS). The weights and yields of non-carcass components were evaluated, weights and yields of regional dishes (Buchada and Panelada). The addition of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE) did not influence (p > 0.05) the weights and yields of non-carcass components, by-products and adipose deposits, to the weight and yield of regional dishes. The use of red propolis extract in diets up to the level studied (28 mL day-1) did not change the characteristics evaluated. ABSTRACT noncarcass non carcass RPE. RPE . Thirtyfive Thirty 1708 17 08 17.0 236 2 36 2.3 months replications 0 7 1 extractanimalday day BWS. BWS (BWS) Buchada Panelada. Panelada Panelada) (RPE p 0.05 005 05 byproducts by products deposits 28 (2 day1 day-1 170 17. 23 3 2. (BWS 0.0 00 ( day- 0.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v46i1.63201

Antileishmanial effects of γCdcPLI, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake serum, on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis γCdcPLI A serum (Leishmania
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Gonçalves, Marina Neves

; Lopes, Daiana Silva

; Teixeira, Samuel Cota

; Teixeira, Thaise Lara

; de Freitas, Vitor

; Costa, Tássia Rafaella

; Gimenes, Sarah Natalie Cirilo

; de Camargo, Isabella Mitie

; de Souza, Guilherme

; da Silva, Marcelo Santos

; Azevedo, Fernanda Van Petten de Vasconcelos

; Grego, Kathleen Fernandes

; Santos, Luísa Carregosa

; Oliveira, Vinícius Queiroz

; da Silva, Claudio Vieira

; Rodrigues, Renata Santos

; Yoneyama, Kelly Aparecida Geraldo

; Clissa, Patricia Bianca

; Rodrigues, Veridiana de Melo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e220225

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease caused by the parasite Leishmania, is treated with drugs associated with high toxicity and limited efficacy, in addition to constant reports of the emergence of resistant parasites. In this context, snake serums emerge as good candidates since they are natural sources with the potential to yield novel drugs. OBJECTIVES We aimed to show the antileishmanial effects of γCdcPLI, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake serum, against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. METHODS Promastigotes forms were exposed to γCdcPLI, and we assessed the parasite viability and cell cycle, as well as invasion and proliferation assays. FINDINGS Despite the low cytotoxicity effect on macrophages, our data indicate that γCdcPLI has a direct effect on parasites promoting an arrest in the G1 phase and reduction in the G2/M phase at the highest dose tested. Moreover, this PLA2 inhibitor reduced the parasite infectivity when promastigotes were pre-treated. Also, we demonstrated that the γCdcPLI treatment modulated the host cell environment impairing early and late steps of the parasitism. MAIN CONCLUSIONS γCdcPLI is an interesting tool for the discovery of new essential targets on the parasite, as well as an alternative compound to improve the effectiveness of the leishmaniasis treatment. Leishmaniasis efficacy context A serum (Leishmania amazonensis cycle assays macrophages G G2M GM G2 M tested Moreover PLA pretreated. pretreated pre treated. pre-treated Also parasitism

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220225

A comorbidade tuberculose-diabetes no Brasil, 2012-2018: análise espacial exploratória e modelagem estatística
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Soeiro, Vanessa Moreira da Silva

; Vasconcelos, Vitor Vieira

; Caldas, Arlene de Jesus Mendes

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2022, Volume 46 elocation e51

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo. Descrever a distribuição espacial da comorbidade tuberculose-diabetes e identificar os determinantes sociais da dupla carga no período de 2012 a 2018 no Brasil. Métodos. Este estudo ecológico utilizou os municípios como unidade de análise. Incluíram-se todos os casos de tuberculose notificados de 2012 a 2018 ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Como determinantes, foram analisadas variáveis socioeconômicas de emprego, renda e desenvolvimento e o indicador de cobertura da atenção básica. O índice de Moran global foi calculado para verificar a existência de autocorrelação espacial da comorbidade. O índice de Moran local foi utilizado para delimitar clusters de tuberculose-diabetes: alto/alto (municípios com alta proporção de tuberculose-diabetes cujos vizinhos também apresentaram altas proporções) e baixo/baixo (municípios com proporção abaixo da média, cercados por municípios com baixas proporções). Resultados. Observou-se elevação na proporção de tuberculose-diabetes na maioria das regiões brasileiras. Constatou-se autocorrelação espacial da comorbidade tuberculose-diabetes e identificou-se um cluster alto-alto de tuberculose-diabetes reunindo 88 municípios, pertencentes principalmente às regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul, com média de prevalência da comorbidade de 28,04%. As variáveis “percentual da população que vive em domicílios com densidade superior a duas pessoas por dormitório”, “percentual de desemprego de pessoas maiores de 18 anos” e “renda per capita” relacionaram-se à ocorrência da comorbidade. Conclusão. Os resultados mostraram uma distribuição não aleatória da comorbidade tuberculose-diabetes, com áreas de alto risco e variáveis explicativas de sua ocorrência. Esses achado reforçam a necessidade de operacionalizar a colaboração entre programas de tuberculose e diabetes, com vistas ao controle tanto de cada agravo isoladamente quanto da sindemia.

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the spatial distribution of tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity and identify the social determinants of the double burden of disease in the period from 2012 to 2018 in Brazil. Method. In the present ecological study, municipalities were the unit of analysis. All cases of tuberculosis reported from 2012 to 2018 to the National Notifiable Disease Information System SINAN were included. Socioeconomic variables covering employment, income, and development, and the primary care coverage indicator were analyzed as determinants. The global Moran’s I statistic was used to verify spatial autocorrelation in the comorbidity rate. The local Moran statistic was used to delimit tuberculosis-diabetes clusters: high/high cluster (municipalities with high rates of tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity with neighboring municipalities also presenting high comorbidity rates) and low/low cluster (municipalities with tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity below the mean, surrounded by municipalities with low comorbidity rates). Results. A high proportion of tuberculosis-diabetes was detected in most Brazilian regions. Spatial autocorrelation was observed for tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity, as well as a high-high comorbidity cluster encompassing 88 municipalities located mostly in the Northeast, Southeast, and South, with mean tuberculosis-diabetes prevalence of 28.04%. The variables “percent population living in households with more than two people per bedroom,” “percent unemployment in the population above 18 years of age” and “per capita income” were associated with the presence of comorbidity. Conclusion. The results showed a non-random distribution of tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity, with high-risk areas and associated explanatory variables. The findings underscore the need to operationalize cooperation between tuberculosis and diabetes programs, with the aim of controlling both the individual diseases and the tuberculosis-diabetes syndemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Describir la distribución espacial de la comorbilidad tuberculosis-diabetes y determinar los determinantes sociales de la doble carga entre el 2012 y el 2018 en Brasil. Métodos. En este estudio ecológico se utilizaron los municipios como unidad de análisis. Se incluyeron todos los casos de tuberculosis notificados al Sistema de Información sobre Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria desde el 2012 hasta el 2018. Como determinantes, se analizaron variables socioeconómicas de empleo, ingresos y desarrollo y el indicador de cobertura de la atención básica. Se calculó el índice global de Moran para verificar la existencia de autocorrelación espacial de la comorbilidad. Se utilizó el índice local de Moran para delimitar los conglomerados de tuberculosis-diabetes: alto/alto (municipios con una proporción elevada de tuberculosis-diabetes, cuyos vecinos también presentaban una proporción elevada) y bajo/bajo (municipios con una proporción inferior a la media, rodeados por municipios con una proporción baja). Resultados. Se observó un aumento de la proporción de casos de tuberculosis-diabetes en la mayoría de las regiones brasileñas. Se verificó la existencia de una autocorrelación espacial de la comorbilidad tuberculosis-diabetes y se identificó un conglomerado alto-alto de tuberculosis-diabetes en 88 municipios, pertenecientes principalmente a las regiones Nordeste, Sudeste y Sur, con una prevalencia media de comorbilidad del 28,04%. Las variables “porcentaje de la población residente en viviendas con una densidad de ocupación superior a dos personas por habitación”, “porcentaje de desempleo de las personas mayores de 18 años” e “ingresos per cápita” guardaron relación con la aparición de comorbilidad. Conclusión. Los resultados mostraron una distribución no aleatoria de la comorbilidad tuberculosis-diabetes, con zonas de alto riesgo y variables explicativas de su ocurrencia. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de operacionalizar la colaboración entre los programas contra la tuberculosis y la diabetes, con miras a controlar tanto cada enfermedad en forma aislada como la sindemia.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2022.51

Autoregressive spatial modeling of possible cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in the capital of Northeastern Brazil
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Costa, Silmery da Silva Brito

; Branco, Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho

; Vasconcelos, Vitor Vieira

; Queiroz, Rejane Christine de Sousa

; Araujo, Adriana Soraya

; Câmara, Ana Patrícia Barros

; Fushita, Angela Terumi

; Silva, Maria do Socorro da

; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

; Santos, Alcione Miranda dos

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2021, Volume 54 elocation e0223-2021

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are a growing global health problem. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika cases in São Luís, Maranhão, from 2015 to 2016 and investigated the association between socio-environmental and economic factors and hotspots for mosquito proliferation. METHODS: This was a socio-ecological study using data from the National Information System of Notifiable Diseases. The spatial units of analysis were census tracts. The incidence rates of the combined cases of the three diseases were calculated and smoothed using empirical local Bayes estimates. The spatial autocorrelation of the smoothed incidence rate was measured using Local Moran's I and Global Moran's I. Multiple linear regression and spatial autoregressive models were fitted using the log of the smoothed disease incidence rate as the dependent variable and socio-environmental factors, demographics, and mosquito hotspots as independent variables. RESULTS: The findings showed a significant spatial autocorrelation of the smoothed incidence rate. The model that best fit the data was the spatial lag model, revealing a positive association between disease incidence and the proportion of households with surrounding garbage accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika cases showed a significant spatial pattern, in which the high-risk areas for the three diseases were explained by the variable "garbage accumulated in the surrounding environment,” demonstrating the need for an intersectoral approach for vector control and prevention that goes beyond health actions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0223-2021 6 downloads

Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology on Telemedicine in Cardiology - 2019
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Lopes, Marcelo Antônio Cartaxo Queiroga

; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes de

; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz Pinho

; Pinto, Fausto J.

; Rey, Helena Cramer Veiga

; Zimerman, Leandro Ioschpe

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Bacal, Fernando

; Polanczyk, Carisi Anne

; Halperin, Cidio

; Araújo, Edson Correia

; Mesquita, Evandro Tinoco

; Arruda, José Airton

; Rohde, Luis Eduardo Paim

; Grinberg, Max

; Moretti, Miguel

; Caramori, Paulo Ricardo Avancini

; Botelho, Roberto Vieira

; Brandão, Andréa Araújo

; Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahão

; Santos, Alexandre Fonseca

; Colafranceschi, Alexandre Siciliano

; Etges, Ana Paula Beck da Silva

; Marino, Bárbara Campos Abreu

; Zanotto, Bruna Stella

; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos

; Medeiros, Cesar Rocha

; Santos, Daniel Vitor de Vasconcelos

; Cook, Daniela Matos Arrowsmith

; Antoniolli, Eduardo

; Souza Filho, Erito Marques de

; Fernandes, Fábio

; Gandour, Fabio

; Fernandez, Francisco

; Souza, Germano Emilio Conceição

; Weigert, Guilherme de Souza

; Castro, Iran

; Cade, Jamil Ribeiro

; Figueiredo Neto, José Albuquerque de

; Fernandes, Juliano de Lara

; Hadlich, Marcelo Souza

; Oliveira, Marco Antonio Praça

; Alkmim, Maria Beatriz

; Paixão, Maria Cristina da

; Prudente, Maurício Lopes

; Aguiar Netto, Miguel A. S.

; Marcolino, Milena Soriano

; Oliveira, Monica Amorim de

; Simonelli, Osvaldo

; Lemos Neto, Pedro A.

; Rosa, Priscila Raupp da

; Figueira, Renato Minelli

; Cury, Roberto Caldeira

; Almeida, Rodrigo Coelho

; Lima, Sandra Regina Franco

; Barberato, Silvio Henrique

; Constancio, Thiago Inocêncio

; Rezende, Wladimir Fernandes de

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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nov 2019, Volume 113 N. 5 Pages 1006 - 1056

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190205 5274 downloads

Disaster risk management and hydrographic basin analysis: the geotechnical map of suitability for the urbanization of Itapevi – São Paulo, Brazil
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Vasconcelos, Vitor Vieira

; Momm, Sandra

; Canil, Kátia

; Nogueira, Fernando Rocha

Cadernos Metrópole

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aug 2018, Volume 20 N. 42 Pages 371 - 398

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As cartas geotécnicas de aptidão à urbanização fornecem diretrizes para ocupação do solo frente à susceptibilidade a desastres. Apresentam-se inovações metodológicas para elaboração dessas cartas incorporando a análise de bacias hidrográficas em um estudo de caso do município de Itapevi. Empregou-se o modelo Shalstab (Shallow Slope Stability) para avaliar a susceptibilidade a deslizamentos e eventos correlatos. As zonas úmidas foram mapeadas conjugando o modelo Hand (Height to the nearest drainage), mapeamento de planícies fluviais e a proximidade a encostas côncavas. Um mapeamento participativo identificou áreas críticas de inundação e possíveis impactos ocupação de suas sub-bacias. As tendências de urbanização foram modeladas por kernel multivariado. São discutidas perspectivas de gestão de risco de desastres junto à gestão de bacias hidrográficas.

Abstract Geotechnical maps of suitability for urbanization can provide directives for land use in terms of susceptibility to disasters. This paper presents methodological innovations for the development of these maps by incorporating hydrographic basin analysis in a case study conducted in the municipality of Itapevi. The Shalstab (Shallow Slope Stability) model evaluated the susceptibility of an area to landslides and correlated events. Wet zones were mapped by combining the Hand (Height to the Nearest Drainage) model with floodplain mapping and proximity to concave slopes. Participatory mapping delineated critical flood areas and possible impacts of land use on sub-basins. Urbanization trends were modeled using multivariate kernel analysis. This study presents perspectives on disaster risk management integrated with those of basin management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2018-4204 1490 downloads

10.

Spatial analysis of probable cases of dengue fever, chikungunya fever and zika virus infections in Maranhao State, Brazil
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Costa, Silmery da Silva Brito

; Branco, Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho

; Aquino Junior, José

; Rodrigues, Zulimar Márita Ribeiro

; Queiroz, Rejane Christine de Sousa

; Araujo, Adriana Soraya

; Câmara, Ana Patrícia Barros

; Santos, Polyana Sousa dos

; Pereira, Emile Danielly Amorim

; Silva, Maria do Socorro da

; Costa, Flávia Regina Vieira da

; Santos, Amanda Valéria Damasceno dos

; Medeiros, Maria Nilza Lima

; Alcântara Júnior, José Odval

; Vasconcelos, Vitor Vieira

; Santos, Alcione Miranda dos

; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2018, Volume 60 elocation e62

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections are increasing public health problems in the world, the last two diseases having recently emerged in Brazil. This ecological study employed spatial analysis of probable cases of dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections reported to the National Mandatory Reporting System (SINAN) in Maranhao State from 2015 to 2016. The software GeoDa version 1.10 was used for calculating global and local Moran indices. The global Moran index identified a significant autocorrelation of incidence rates of dengue (I=0.10; p=0.009) and zika (I=0.07; p=0.03). The study found a positive spatial correlation between dengue and the population density (I=0.31; p<0.001) and a negative correlation with the Performance Index of Unified Health System (PIUHS) by basic care coverage (I=-0.08; p=0.01). Regarding chikungunya fever, there were positive spatial correlations with the population density (I=0.06; p=0.03) and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) (I=0.10; p=0.002), and a negative correlation with the Gini index (I=-0.01; p<0.001) and the PIUHS by basic care coverage (I=-0.18; p<0.001). Lastly, we found positive spatial correlations between Zika virus infections and the population density (I=0.13; p=0.005) and the MHDI (I=0.12; p<0.001), as well as a negative correlation with the Gini index (I=-0.11; p<0.001) and the PIUHS by basic care coverage (I=-0.05; p=0.03). Our results suggest that several socio-demographic factors influenced the occurrence of dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections in Maranhao State.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201860062 2584 downloads

11.

Prenatal toxoplasmosis diagnosis from amniotic fluid by PCR
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Vidigal, Paula Vieira Teixeira

; Santos, Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos

; Castro, Flávia Cipriano

; Couto, Júlio César de Faria

; Vitor, Ricardo Wagner de Almeida

; Brasileiro Filho, Geraldo

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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feb 2002, Volume 35 N. 1 Pages 1 - 6

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A toxoplasmose é infecção freqüente em todo o mundo, mas na maioria dos casos não traz repercussões importantes para o paciente, exceto indivíduos imunodeprimidos e fetos, os quais podem apresentar graves seqüelas. O diagnóstico precoce durante a gravidez é altamente desejável, já que o tratamento da gestante reduz a freqüência e gravidade da infecção fetal. Neste estudo aplicou-se a técnica de PCR em 86 amostras de líquido amniótico de gestantes que apresentaram soroconversão durante a gravidez. O DNA foi amplificado usando-se iniciadores externos e internos, num sistema de nested PCR. As amostras foram também inoculadas em camundongos e os recém-nascidos acompanhados clinicamente através de sorologia, RX de crânio, ultrassom transfontanela, exame de fundo de olho e punção lombar. Pela PCR, sete casos foram positivos e 79 negativos. Entre os positivos, dois não se confirmaram pela inoculação em camundongo nem pela avaliação clínica da criança; dos negativos, três apresentaram clínica de toxoplasmose congênita, e em um deles o exame de inoculação em camundongo foi positivo. A sensibilidade e especificidade da PCR foram 62,5% e 97,4%, respectivamente; a inoculação em camundongos mostrou 42,9% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade. Embora a PCR não deva ser usada como único teste diagnóstico da toxoplasmose congênita, trata-se de método promissor e merece mais estudos para aumentar sua eficácia.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common infections all over the world. Most cases are asymptomatic, except in immunosuppressed individuals and fetuses, which can be seriously damaged. Prenatal diagnosis should be made as soon as possible since treatment of the mother can minimize fetal sequelae. Our aim in this study was to test the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) in 86 samples of amniotic fluid from women who seroconverted during pregnancy. DNA was amplified using external primers and, in a second step, internal primers, in a nested PCR system. Samples were also inoculated into mice and the newborn were evaluated by T. gondii serology, skull x-ray, transfontanel ultrasound, fundoscopic examination, lumbar puncture and clinical examination. PCR was positive in seven cases and negative in 79. Among PCR-positive cases, two were negative by inoculation into mice and by clinical evaluation; among PCR-negative ones, three had clinical evidence of toxoplasmosis and one was positive after inoculation into mice. PCR showed values of sensitivity = 62.5% and specificity = 97.4%; the values of inoculation into mice where 42.9% and 100%, respectively. Although PCR should not be used alone for prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, it is a promising method and deserves more studies to improve its efficacy.

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Glossary and search help

You can enrich your search in a very simple way. Use the search indexes combined with the connectors (AND or OR) and specify more your search.

For example, if you want to search for articles about
cases of dengue in Brasil in 2015, use:
ti:dengue and publication_year:2015 and aff_country:Brasil

See below the complete list of search indexes that can be used:

Index code	Element
ti	article title
au	author
kw	article keywords
subject	subject (title words, abstract and keywords)
ab	abstract
ta	journal short title (e.g. Cad. Saúde Pública)
journal_title	journal full title (e.g. Cadernos de Saúde Pública)
la	publication language code (e.g. pt - Portuguese, es - Spanish)
type	document type
pid	publication identifier
publication_year	publication year of publication
sponsor	sponsor
aff_country	country code of the author's affiliation
aff_institution	author affiliation institution
volume	article volume
issue	article issue
elocation	elocation
doi	DOI number
issn	journal ISSN
in	SciELO colection code (e.g. scl - Brasil, col - Colômbia)
use_license	article usage license code

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