Resumo As atividades humanas intensificaram a erosão do solo globalmente, impactando negativamente a qualidade física, química e microbiológica da água e do solo. Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar a perda de solo na microbacia de Jucusbamba (Amazonas, noroeste do Peru) utilizando a Equação Universal Revisada de Perda de Solo (RUSLE) integrada com Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e dados de sensoriamento remoto (SR). Dados meteorológicos, mapas de solos, modelos digitais de elevação e mapas de cobertura e uso do solo foram integrados em um ambiente SIG para prever a distribuição espacial da erosão. Os resultados mostraram cinco classes de severidade da perda de solo: leve (93,34%), moderada (3,94%), alta (1,82%), muito alta (0,61%) e severa (0,29%). Áreas com níveis altos, muito altos e severos de erosão do solo estavam localizadas principalmente nas partes média e baixa da microbacia. A perda média anual de solo foi estimada em 23,24 t/ha/ano. As informações obtidas são cruciais para a formulação de planos e programas de manejo de solos para abordar os problemas de erosão na microbacia do rio Jucusbamba. Pesquisas futuras devem focar na validação desses modelos por meio de estudos de campo e na implementação de práticas de conservação do solo baseadas nesses achados. globalmente física Amazonas, Amazonas (Amazonas Peru RUSLE (RUSLE (SIG SR. SR . (SR) meteorológicos 93,34%, 9334 93,34% , 93 34 (93,34%) 3,94%, 394 3,94% 3 94 (3,94%) 1,82%, 182 1,82% 1 82 (1,82%) 0,61% 061 0 61 (0,61% 0,29%. 029 0,29% 29 (0,29%) 2324 23 24 23,2 thaano t ha ano t/ha/ano achados (SR 933 93,34 9 (93,34% 39 3,94 (3,94% 18 1,82 8 (1,82% 0,61 06 6 (0,61 02 0,29 2 (0,29% 232 23, 93,3 (93,34 3,9 (3,94 1,8 (1,82 0,6 (0,6 0,2 (0,29 93, (93,3 3, (3,9 1, (1,8 0, (0, (0,2 (93, (3, (1, (0 (93 (3 (1 ( (9

Abstract Human activities have intensified soil erosion globally, negatively impacting the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of water and soil. This study estimated soil loss in the Jucusbamba Micro-Watershed (Amazonas, northwestern Peru) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) data. Meteorological data, soil maps, digital elevation models, and land cover and use maps were integrated into a GIS environment to predict the spatial distribution of erosion. The results showed five classes of soil loss severity: slight (93.34%), moderate (3.94%), high (1.82%), very high (0.61%), and severe (0.29%). Areas with high, very high, and severe erosion levels were mainly located in the middle and lower parts of the micro-watershed. The average annual soil loss was estimated at 23.24 t/ha/year. The information obtained is crucial for the formulation of soil management plans and programs to address erosion problems in the Jucusbamba River Micro-Watershed. Future research should focus on validating these models through field studies and implementing soil conservation practices based on these findings. globally physical chemical MicroWatershed Micro Watershed Amazonas, Amazonas (Amazonas Peru RUSLE (RUSLE (GIS RS (RS data severity 93.34%, 9334 93.34% , 93 34 (93.34%) 3.94%, 394 3.94% 3 94 (3.94%) 1.82%, 182 1.82% 1 82 (1.82%) 0.61%, 061 0.61% 0 61 (0.61%) 0.29%. 029 0.29% . 29 (0.29%) microwatershed. microwatershed micro watershed. watershed micro-watershed 2324 23 24 23.2 thayear t ha year t/ha/year MicroWatershed. Watershed. findings 933 93.34 9 (93.34% 39 3.94 (3.94% 18 1.82 8 (1.82% 06 0.61 6 (0.61% 02 0.29 2 (0.29% 232 23. 93.3 (93.34 3.9 (3.94 1.8 (1.82 0.6 (0.61 0.2 (0.29 93. (93.3 3. (3.9 1. (1.8 0. (0.6 (0.2 (93. (3. (1. (0. (93 (3 (1 (0 (9 (

Abstract Four silvopastoral systems (SPS) and a system without tress were identified to measure variables such as: fresh matter, dry matter and floristic composition (dry and rainy season); nutritional composition; biomass: arboreal, herbaceous, litter and organic soil carbon (two depths), to determine total carbon and CO2. The greatest growth was recorded by the SPS Aliso pastures in both seasons and obtained the highest dry matter yield (0.27 kg / m2). In the rainy season, the greatest amount of grasses was for the SPS with Cypress (49%) and in weeds the SPS Pona (49%) and in the dry season the greatest amount of grasses was for the SPS Pino (52%) and in weeds SPS Pona (53%); predominantly Dactylis glomerata, Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium repens in both periods. In nutritional composition and digestibility, the SPS Aliso (crude protein (16.06%), neutral detergent fiber (48.23%) and digestibility (66.14%)) stood out. The highest carbon and CO2 retention was recorded in the SPS with Pona (179.49 t/ha and 658 t/ha) and the lowest was Alder (108.15 t/ha and 396.46 t/ha); As for the SWT, it obtained an amount of C of 131.33 t/ha and 481.44 t/ha of CO2, accumulating more carbon in the tree and soil.

Resumen Se identificaron cuatro sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) y un sistema sin árboles para medir variables como: materia fresca, materia seca y composición florística (época seca y lluviosa); composición nutricional; biomasa: arbórea, herbácea, hojarasca y carbono orgánico del suelo (dos profundidades), para determinar carbono total y CO2. El mayor crecimiento lo registraron las pasturas del SSP Aliso en ambas épocas y obtuvo el mayor rendimiento de materia seca (0,27 kg/m2). En época lluviosa, la mayor cantidad de gramíneas fue para el SSP con Ciprés (49%) y en malezas el SSP Pona (49%) y en época seca la mayor cantidad de gramíneas fue para el SSP Pino (52%) y en malezas el SPP Pona (53%); predominando Dactylis glomerata, Lolium multiflorum y Trifolium repens en ambas épocas. En composición nutricional y digestibilidad destacó el SSP Aliso (proteína cruda (16,06%), fibra detergente neutro (48,23%) y digestibilidad (66,14%)). La mayor retención de carbono y CO2 se registró en el SSP con Pona (179,49 t/ha y 658 t/ha) y el más bajo fue el Aliso (108,15 t/ha y 396,46 t/ha); en cuanto al SSA obtuvo una cantidad de C de 131,33 t/ha y de 481,44 t/ha de CO2, acumulando mayor carbono en la parte arbórea y suelo.

The silvopastoral systems have become a sustainable alternative for livestock production, in this context, the objective of this present study was to evaluate the influence of silvopastoral systems (SSP) with native arboreal species such as Eritryna edulis (Pajuro), Alnus acuminata (Alder) and Salix babylonica (Willow) on the yield and nutritional value of Lolium multiflorum (Rye grass) and Trifolium repens (Clover). The yield was determined through the quantification of green forage and dry matter, while the nutritional value was calculated by determining protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The results obtained allow us to conclude that, in the yield of biomass and dry matter for both pasture species, there are statistical differences (p < 0.05) between the systems evaluated; on the other hand, although protein levels are higher in silvopastoral systems, they do not represent statistical differences between systems. The results of crude fat and acid detergent fiber indicate that they are statistically equal, that is, the type of reproductive system does not influence these variables

Los sistemas silvopastoriles, se han convertido en una alternativa sostenible para la producción ganadera, en ese contexto, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la influencia de los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) con especies arbóreas nativas como Eritryna edulis (Pajuro), Alnus acuminata (Aliso) y Salix babylonica (Sauce) sobre el rendimiento y valor nutricional de Lolium multiflorum (Rye grass) y Trifolium repens (Trébol). El rendimiento se determinó a través de la cuantificación de forraje verde y materia seca, mientras que el valor nutritivo fue calculado mediante la determinación de proteína, grasa bruta, fibra detergente neutra y fibra detergente ácida. Los resultados alcanzados permiten concluir que, en el rendimiento de biomasa y materia sec a para ambas especies de pastos existen diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,05) entre los sistemas evaluados; por otro lado, aunque los niveles de proteína son superiores en los sistemas silvopastoriles, estos no representan diferencias estadísticas entre sistemas. Los resultados de grasa bruta y fibra detergente ácida indican que son estadísticamente iguales, es decir el tipo de sistema productivo no influyo en estas variables