ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of tannin extract of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. or monensin on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and ruminal variables of lambs. Five rumen cannulated lambs (40.3 ± 2.8 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with periods of 21 days each. The treatments were: control, without additive; Tan-0.60, Tan-1.20, and Tan-1.80 for the doses of 0.60, 1.20, and 1.80 g kg−1 body weight (BW) of tannin extract, respectively; and ionophore (monensin) at 0.75 mg kg−1 of BW. Tannins reduced the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and the greatest effects were observed for Tan-1.80. Tannins also increased or tended to increase the fecal excretion of DM, and the greatest effects were observed for Tan-1.20 and Tan-1.80. Tannins increased the fecal excretion of N, decreased the amount of N in urine, but did not affect N retained. Furthermore, tannins reduced the concentration of valerate and the acetate:propionate ratio and increased propionate without affecting the amount of total volatile fatty acids, and the greatest effects were observed for Tan-1.80. The use of ionophore only increased the elimination of N in the urine. Thus, monensin does not affect nitrogen retention, and tannin impairs digestibility, but increases propionate production. Wild intake balance 40.3 403 40 3 (40. 28 2 8 2. kg design each control additive Tan0.60, Tan060 Tan 0 60 Tan-0.60 Tan1.20, Tan120 1 20 Tan1.80 Tan180 80 Tan-1.8 060 0.60 120 1.20 180 1.8 kg1 kg− BW (BW respectively (monensin 075 75 0.7 DM (DM Tan1.80. 1.80. Tan1.20 Tan-1.2 urine retained Furthermore acetatepropionate acetate acids Thus retention production 40. 4 (40 Tan0 Tan0.60 Tan06 6 Tan-0.6 Tan1 Tan12 Tan1.8 Tan18 Tan-1. 06 0.6 12 1.2 18 1. 07 7 0. Tan1.2 (4 Tan0.6 Tan-0. Tan1. Tan-1 ( Tan0. Tan-0 Tan-

RESUMO: A ureia é um composto orgânico, que se apresenta como uma substância branca, sólida e higroscópica, e é reconhecida como fonte de nitrogênio não proteico (NNP), sendo amplamente utilizada como fertilizante e também como substituto parcial de proteína em bovinos devido à capacidade da microbiota ruminal de convertê-la em proteína microbiana. Apesar das vantagens que envolvem o uso da ureia, ela também apresenta limitações, a principal delas é a proximidade entre doses metabolizáveis e tóxicas ou fatais, e para que seja utilizada com segurança é necessário um período de adaptação dos animais. A intoxicação é caracterizada por evolução rápida e geralmente fatal, sendo frequente em animais não adaptados, mas pode ocorrer naqueles com adaptação prévia. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos da intoxicação por ureia por meio de uma breve revisão e um estudo retrospectivo. Adicionalmente foram realizadas entrevistas com médicos veterinários que frequentemente enviam material para diagnóstico no Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (LAP-FAMEZ) com o objetivo de avaliar a percepção dos mesmos em relação aos surtos de intoxicação por ureia, na expectativa de se obter um quadro comparativo entre os casos recebidos pelo laboratório e levantamentos publicados e a real situação desta condição a campo. No período do estudo retrospectivo, foram acompanhados apenas quatro surtos, sendo que em um deles foi possível diagnosticar por reprodução experimental. Dos 35 entrevistados, 88,9% afirmaram ter atendido mais de um caso compatível com intoxicação por ureia, mas 87,5% deles não realizaram necropsia e/ou envio de material para confirmação do diagnóstico. Foi possível observar que a realidade da intoxicação por ureia pode estar muito distante daquela relatada em estudos anteriores, e devido à dificuldade muitas vezes observada na abordagem diagnóstica, desenvolvemos um fluxograma na expectativa de que ele constitua um guia útil para veterinários de campo. RESUMO orgânico branca higroscópica NNP, NNP , (NNP) convertêla convertê la microbiana limitações fatais fatal adaptados prévia clínicos retrospectivo LAPFAMEZ LAP FAMEZ (LAP-FAMEZ campo experimental 3 entrevistados 889 88 9 88,9 875 87 5 87,5 eou anteriores diagnóstica (NNP 8 88, 87,

ABSTRACT: Urea is an organic compound characterized as a white, solid, and hygroscopic substance. It is recognized as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and is widely used as a partial replacement for protein in cattle diets due to the ability of the ruminal microbiota to convert it into microbial protein. Despite the advantages of using urea, it also has limitations, particularly the proximity between metabolizable and toxic or fatal doses. Furthermore, for safe use, a period of adaptation is necessary for the animals. Poisoning is characterized by rapid and generally fatal development, which is frequent in non-adapted animals but can also occur in those with previous adaptations. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of urea poisoning through a brief review and a retrospective study. In addition, interviews were conducted with veterinarians who frequently send diagnostic material to the Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology of the “Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia” (LAP-FAMEZ) to assess their perception of the outbreaks of urea poisoning. The objective was to obtain a comparative scenario between published cases and those received by the laboratory while considering the real situation of this condition in the field. During this retrospective study, only four outbreaks were investigated; in one, the diagnosis was possible through experimental reproduction. Of 35 interviewees, 88.9% said they had seen more than one case compatible with urea poisoning, but 87.5% did not perform a necropsy and/or send material to confirm the diagnosis. The results show that the reality of urea poisoning may be very distant from that reported in previous studies due to the difficulty often observed in the diagnostic approach, so we developed a flowchart aiming to provide a useful guide for field veterinarians. ABSTRACT white solid substance nonprotein non NPN (NPN limitations doses Furthermore use development nonadapted adapted adaptations clinical epidemiological addition Faculdade Zootecnia LAPFAMEZ LAP FAMEZ (LAP-FAMEZ investigated reproduction 3 interviewees 889 88 9 88.9 875 87 5 87.5 andor approach 8 88. 87.

Abstract This study aimed to determine whether the addition of a microencapsulated herbal blend (MHB) based on thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde in dairy sheep feed would improve production efficiency, milk quality, and animal health. Thirty lactating Lacaune ewes were divided into three groups: Control (T0), 150 mg blend/kg of feed (T150), and 250 mg blend/kg of feed (T250). Milk was measured before the beginning of the experiment (d 0), at the end of the adaptation period (d 15), and during the experiment (d 20). In milk samples, was measured the composition, somatic cell count (SCC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipoperoxidation (LPO), and total antioxidant capacity. The MHB improved the milk production (only T150 vs. T0 sheep on d 20), productive efficiency and feed efficiency, and reduced the milk SCC (only T250 vs. T0 sheep, on d 20), ROS and tended to reduce the milk levels of LPO (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20). Also, MHB reduced the blood levels of neutrophils and ROS (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20) and increased total protein and globulin levels. Thus, a microencapsulated blend of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde improved the productive performance and milk quality of sheep. (MHB thymol carvacrol health groups T0, T , (T0) 15 blendkg kg T150, (T150) 25 T250. . (T250) 0, 0 0) 15, 15) 20. 20 samples composition SCC, (SCC) ROS, (ROS) LPO, (LPO) capacity only T15 vs 20, T25 Also Thus (T0 1 (T150 2 (T250 (SCC (ROS (LPO T1 T2 (T (T15 (T25 (T1 (T2

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a alimentação de bezerros com sucedâneoem substituição ao leite de vaca causa interferência no hemograma, variáveis bioquímicas, sobrevivência e ganho de peso e o custo-benefício desses alimentos na fase de aleitamento. Foram utilizados 16 bezerros da raça Holandesa com média de 8±4 dias e 39±6 kg de peso corporal médio, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo Sucedâneo (N=8), recebendo quatro litros de leite em pó durante os 60 dias de experimentos; e o Grupo Leite (N=8), bezerros recebendo quatro litros de leite de vaca. Observamos que os animais alimentados com leite de vaca apresentaram maior peso corporal e ganho de peso em todas as pesagens em relação aos que consumiram o sucedâneo lácteo. Não houve morte de bezerros durante o estudo. O custo (R$) da dieta dos bezerros que consumiram substituto foi menor. No entanto, se considerarmos o ganho de peso durante o experimento, o custo para produzir 1 kg de peso corporal foi semelhante entre os tratamentos, pois os bezerros que consumiram leite foram desmamados com média de 19kg a mais de peso corporal. Em conclusão, o uso de sucedâneos lácteos como substituto do leite de vaca fez com que os bezerros tivessem um desempenho geral inferior em comparação com aqueles que receberam leite de vaca durante a fase de aleitamento. hemograma bioquímicas custobenefício benefício aleitamento 84 8 4 8± 396 39 6 39± médio grupos N=8, N8 N N=8 , (N=8) experimentos lácteo R$ R (R$ menor entanto experimento tratamentos conclusão 3 N= (N=8 (R (N= (N

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate whether feeding calves with replacers instead of cow's milk interferes with complete blood count, biochemistry variables, survival, and weight gain, and the cost-benefit of these feeds in the suckling phase. We used 16 calves of the Holstein breed with an average of 8±4 days and 39±6 kg of average body weight, randomly divided into two groups: Replacer Group (N=8), receiving four liters of replacer milk during the 60 experimental days; and the Milk Group (N=8), calves receiving four liters of cow's milk. We observed that animals fed with cow's milk had higher body weight and weight gain at all weightings compared to those who consumed the dairy replacer. There was no calve death during the study. The cost (R$) of the diet of the calves that consumed replacer was lower. However, if we consider the weight gain during the experiment, the cost to produce 1 kg of body weight was similar between the treatments, because the calves that consumed milk were weaned with an average of 19kg more body weight. In conclusion, the use of dairy replacers as a replacer for cow's milk caused calves to have an overall lower performance compared to those who received cow's milk during the suckling phase. cows cow s count variables survival costbenefit benefit phase 84 8 4 8± 396 39 6 39± groups N=8, N8 N N=8 , (N=8) R$ R (R$ However experiment treatments conclusion 3 N= (N=8 (R (N= (N

Abstract This study evaluated of the effects of açai oil during the close-up dry period of Holstein cows on colostrum quality, as well as on the immune and antioxidant responses of their calves. Sixteen multiparous cows were assigned randomly to two treatments: 1) CONTROL (n = 8) - 4.48% of soybean oil/concentrate; 2) AÇAI (n =8) - 4.48% of açai oil/concentrate. Cows fed with açai oil had greater (P≤0.04) colostrum concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) G (1st and 2nd milking), IgG heavy chains, IgA (only at 1st milking), alpha-lactalbumin (1st milking), total protein, and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (only at 1st milking). Cows fed with açai oil had greater serum concentrations of globulin (only on the day of calving) and total protein (only on the day of calving) (P = 0.03). Calves born of cows fed with açai oil had greater serum concentrations of total protein (only 24 and 48 h after calving) and serum concentration of IgG heavy chain (only 24 h after calving) and globulin (only 24 and 48 h after calving) (P = 0.01). These data suggest that the addition of açai oil in the cow feed during the close-up dry period boosted immunity in their calves by altering the composition of colostrum.

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de microminerais injetáveis (ITM) na resposta antioxidante e imune, resistência a endoparasitas, saúde e crescimento de cabritos Boer recém-nascidos. Quarenta e seis cabritos [24 fêmeas e 22 machos; 3,94±1,03kg de peso corporal (PC); 6,2±2,4 dias de idade] foram incluídos no estudo. Os animais foram estratificados por tipo de nascimento (gêmeos ou singular), sexo e peso ao nascimento (PN) e atribuídas a 1 de 2 tratamentos. Uma injeção subcutânea (0,1ml/4,5 de PC de (1) Solução salina ou (2) ITM (60,10,5 e 15mg/ml de Zn, Mn, Se e Cu, respectivamente). As amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 0, 7, 14, 28 e 56. As amostras de fezes foram coletadas no dia 56 e PC nos dias 0, 28 e 56. Os recém-nascidos foram verificados diariamente quanto a sinais de diarreia. Os cabritos ITM apresentaram maior (P<0.01) concentração de superóxido desmutase no plasma e tenderam (P=0,06) a ter maior concentração de glutationa peroxidase no plasma. Os animais ITM apresentaram maior (P=0,05) concentração de eosinófilos, mas não foram observadas diferenças (P≥0.11) para outras variáveis do hemograma. A aplicação de ITM não afetou (P≥0.11) a contagem de EPG. No entanto, os cabritos ITM apresentaram menor incidência cumulativa de diarreia (P=0,02) ate d 42 (3,85 vs. 25,93±6,8% para animais ITM vs. animais salina, respectivamente), mas nenhuma diferença (P>0.10) foi observada após d 42. A aplicação do ITM não afetou (P≥0.40) o crescimento dos animais (0.071 vs. 0.065±0.005kg/dia para ITM vs. Salina, respectivamente). Assim, a aplicação do ITM aumentou a concentração plasmática de enzimas antioxidantes e eosinófilos, diminuiu a incidência de diarreia somente na metade do experimento, mas não afetou a contagem de OPG e crescimento de cabritos Boer recém-nascidos.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) on antioxidant and immune response, resistance to endoparasites, health and growth of newborn Boer kids. Forty-six Boer kids [24 males and 22 females; 3.94±1.03kg of body weight (BW); 6.2±2.4 d of age] were enrolled in the study. Kids were stratified by type of birth (twins or singlet), sex, and BW and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: one subcutaneous injection (0.1mL/4.5kg of BW) of (1) saline solution or (2) ITM (60, 10, 5, and 15mg/mL of Zn, Mn, Se and Cu, respectively). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56. Feces samples were collected on d 56 and BW on d 0, 28 and 56. Kids were checked daily for signs of diarrhea. ITM kids had greater (P<0.01) plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase and tended (P=0.06) to have greater plasma concentration of glutathione peroxidase. ITM kids had greater (P=0.05) concentration of eosinophils, but no differences (P≥0.11) were observed for other hemogram variables. The ITM application did not affect (P≥0.11) the EPG count. However, ITM kids had less (P=0.02) cumulative incidence of diarhea until d 42 (3.85 vs. 25.93±6.8% for ITM vs. Saline kids, respectively) but no differences (P>0.10) were observed after d 42. The ITM application did not affect (P≥0.40) the growth of kids (0.071 vs. 0.065±0.005kg/day for ITM vs. Saline kids, respectively). Thus, the ITM application, increased the plasma concentration of antioxidant enzymes and eosinophils, decreased the incidence of diarrhea only in the middle of the experiment, but did not affected the EPG count and growth of Boer kids.

Abstract This study evaluated the inclusion of concentrate and monensin, salinomycin and flavomycin in sheep diets on intake, digestibility, in situ degradability, ruminal variables and nitrogen balance. Five sheep in a latin square received the treatments: HAY (hay only), CONT (hay + concentrate), MON (hay + concentrate + monensin), SALI (hay + concentrate + salinomycin), and FLAV (hay + concentrate + flavomycin). Hay was offered ad libitum, concentrate, 20 g kg-1 of body weight (BW), and additives, 0.75 mg kg-1 of BW. The treatments with the concentrate (CONT, MON, SALI and FLAV) showed increased (P≤0.05) on intake, digestibility, total VFA, propionate and butyrate proportions, N-NH3, and nitrogen balance, and decreased (P≤0.05) DM and NDF degradability, acetate proportion, acetate:propionate ratio, and rumen pH compared to the HAY. The comparison between the outcome effects from additives with the CONT showed that the acetate proportion and acetate:propionate ratio was only reduced by MON (P≤0.05). MON and SALI increased (P≤0.05) the propionate proportion. The proportion of butyrate was increased with the inclusion of FLAV and reduced with MON 8and SALI. Only MON reduced the production of N-NH3 (P≤0.05). Other variables showed no effects from additives (P>0.05) in relation to the CONT. The inclusion of the concentrate in sheep diets caused alterations on intake, digestibility, ruminal variables (VFA, pH, and N-NH3) and nitrogen balance. However, the additives only altered the ruminal variables (VFA and N-NH3) and the greatest effects were observed with MON.

Resumen El presente estudio evaluó la inclusión de concentrado con monensina, salinomicina y flavomicina en dietas para ovinos, evaluando consumo, digestibilidad, degradabilidad in situ, variables ruminales y balance de nitrógeno. Cinco ovejas, bajo un diseño de cuadrado latino, recibieron cada uno de los tratamientos: HENO (solo heno como tratamiento control), CONT (heno + concentrado), MON (heno + concentrado + monensina), SALI (heno + concentrado + salinomicina) y FLAV (heno + concentrado + flavomicina). HENO fue suministrado ad libitum, mientras que el concentrado fue a 20 g kg-1 de peso corporal (PC) y los aditivos a 0.5 mg kg-1 de PC. Los tratamientos con el concentrado (CONT, MON, SALI y FLAV) mostraron un aumento (P≤0.05) en consumo, digestibilidad, AGV totales, proporciones de propionato y butirato, N-NH3 y balance de nitrógeno, y disminuyeron (P≤0.05) degradabilidad de materia seca y fibra en detergente neutro, proporción de acetato, relación acetato: propionato y pH del rumen comparado con el tratamiento control. La comparación entre los efectos dados por los aditivos con el CONT mostraron que la proporción de acetato y la relación acetato:propionato solo se redujeron en MON (P≤0.05). MON y SALI aumentaron (P≤0.05) el propionato, mientras que el butirato incrementó con la inclusión de FLAV, reduciéndose con MON y SALI. Únicamente MON disminuyó la producción de N-NH3 (P≤0.05). Otras variables no mostraron efectos de los aditivos (P>0.05) en relación con CONT. La inclusión del concentrado en las dietas para ovejas causó alteraciones en el consumo, digestibilidad, variables ruminales (AGV, pH y N-NH3) y balance de nitrógeno, sin embargo, los aditivos solo alteraron las variables ruminales (AGV y N-NH3), observando los mayores efectos con el MON.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) on growth, health, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune system of newborn Boer kids. Newborn kids (n = 125) were assigned to one of two treatments: injection (0.1 mL 4.5 kg-1) of saline or ITM. Injectable trace minerals had 60, 10, 5, and 15 mg mL-1 of Zn, Mn, Se, and Cu, respectively. Kids were evaluated daily for the presence of diarrhea and weighted on d 0, 28, and 56. Blood samples were obtained on d 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56. The ITM injection increased the plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase (d 14), glutathione peroxidase (d 3 and 7), and blood platelets (d 7) compared with saline injection. Kids receiving ITM showed greater amount of blood eosinophils and less mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; d 3) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared with kids receiving saline injection. The ITM injection did not affect other components of leukogram and erytogram. The ITM-injected kids tended to have less diarrhea incidence compared with saline-injected kids (20.7 vs. 34.8±7.10% respectively). The ITM injection did not affect mortality rate and growth. Therefore, a single ITM injection administered to newborn Boer kids increases the plasma concentration of antioxidant enzymes, platelets, and eosinophils, reduces MCH, MCHC, and tends to reduce the incidence of diarrhea, but does not affect mortality and growth.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of rumen pH on in vitro Ca dissociation of different sources of Ca soaps of fatty acids (CSFA). Treatments were distributed in a 6×4 factorial design and consisted of six CSFA sources and four rumen fluid pH. The CSFA sources were: two sources of palm oil (PO1 and PO2), soybean oil (SO), palm + soybean oil (PSO), palm + cottonseed oil (PCO), and palm + cottonseed + soybean oil (PCSO). All CSFA samples were added to a pool of rumen fluid and adjusted to four different pH (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0), and then, incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. This procedure was replicated over three consecutive days. Effect of CSFA source × rumen pH was detected for in vitro relative Ca dissociation and change (Δ) in concentrations of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Calcium dissociation did not differ among CSFA sources in pH 7.0 or 6.5, but was greater for SO vs. PO2, PSO, PCO, and PCSO in pH 6.0. Relative Ca dissociation in pH 5.5 was lower for PO1 and PSO vs. SO, but greater for PO1 and PSO vs. PCO and PCSO. The Δ of oleic acid was greater for PO2 vs. PCO in pH 6.5 and PO1 and PCSO vs. PO2 and SO in pH 7.0. The Δ of linoleic acid was greatest for SO across all pH evaluated and did not differ between PO1 and PO2, but both had a reduced Δ of linoleic acid than other CSFA sources in pH 5.5 and 7.0. The Δ of linolenic acid concentrations did not differ between PO1 and PO2, but both had less Δ of linolenic acid concentrations than other CSFA sources across all pH. Besides, SO had greater Δ of linolenic acid compared with PSO, PCO, and PCSO in pH 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5. Combining palm + cottonseed oil and palm + cottonseed + soybean oil reduces Ca dissociation and maintains the original fatty acid profile of the CSFA source.

Abstract We measured the effects of açai oil in the diets of prepartum cows to evaluate health, milk production and quality. Sixteen Holstein cows were divided into two groups: SOY used as control, and AÇAI, test group. Occurred inclusion of 4% soybean or açai oils was provided in the concentrate starting at 20 days prepartum [d -20 to d 0 (partum-day)]. The AÇAI diet increased (P=0.01) milk production (d 10 and 20) and reduced somatic cell count (d 20). In milk, no effects were detected (P≥0.10) for concentration of fat, lactose or protein as well as in terms of serum concentration of calcium, albumin or triglycerides. AÇAI diet tended to increase (P=0.09) serum concentrations of total protein, glutathione transferase (d 4), and total antioxidant capacity (d 4 and 10) and increased (P≤0.05) globulin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (d 4). Further, AÇAI diet reduced the serum concentration of creatine kinase (P≤0.05) (d 0, 4 and 10), reactive oxygen species (d 0 and 4) and lipoperoxidation (d 0) and tended to reduce aspartate transaminase activity (P=0.07; d 0 and 4). Açai oil in the diets in prepartum cows improved their health as well as milk production and quality.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the addition of antibiotic growth promoters to free-choice mineral supplement on ingestive behavior, mineral intake, and growth performance of grazing bulls. Sixty Nellore bulls [initial body weight (BW) of 219±17.8 kg and 15±2 months of age] were divided in 12 marandu grass paddocks. The treatments were: mineral supplement (control), mineral supplement + virginiamycin (VIRG), mineral supplement + lasalocid sodium (LASA) and mineral supplement + salinomycin sodium (SALI). Mineral supplements were formulated with target intake of 60 g d−1 and the growth promoters of 75 mg 100 kg−1 of BW. The experimental design was the completely randomized blocks. There was no treatment effect on ingestive behavior or mineral intake; however, the active ingredient intake differed between treatments. In the last experimental period, the intake of active ingredient LASA and SALI were higher than VIRG (0.66, 0.54, and 0.39 mg kg−1 of BW, respectively). Treatments also did not affect BW and average daily gain, which were 0.63, 0.60, 0.64, and 0.62 kg d−1 for control, VIRG, LASA, and SALI, respectively. Free-choice mineral supplementation intake by bulls has a high variability, and this impairs the regulation of the intake of antibiotic growth promoter additives. Therefore, the addition of antibiotic growth promoters to the mineral supplement does not affect ingestive behavior, mineral intake, and growth performance of grazing bulls.

Facial prostheses are a integral part of rehabilitation of patients underwent face damages, being of pathologic, traumatic or congenital origin. Although success of treatment with facial prostheses is associated with artistic ability of professional to reproduce lost structures, we can not to obviate the good adaptability of prostheses regards association of material and techniques used to make buccomaxillofacial prostheses.

Las prótesis faciales constituyen parte integrante de la rehabilitación de pacientes que sufrieron daños en la cara, sea de origen patológica, traumática o congénita. Aunque el éxito del tratamiento con prótesis faciales está asociado con la capacidad artística del profesional en reproducir las estructuras perdidas, no se puede descuidar la buena adaptabilidad de las prótesis en cuanto a la asociación de materiales y técnicas empleadas para la confección de prótesis buco-maxilofaciales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue, mediante la revisión de la literatura, mostrar los principales conceptos relacionados con las técnicas de confección de prótesis faciales y asociar nuestra experiencia clínica con el pronóstico de las prótesis

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar en prótesis totales maxilares la influencia del tamaño de los arcos en el movimiento de dientes artificiales cuando los mismos   se someten a las inclusiones con  barrera de yeso tipo IV (especial), polimerizado en microondas y medidas gráficamente por computadora. Veinte y una réplicas de prótesis que se habían construido previamente, fueran divididos en tres grupos: grupo 1, constituido de 7 prótesis maxilares del tamaño pequeño; grupo 2, constituido de 7 prótesis de tamaño medio y, grupo 3, de gran tamaño. Las prótesis habían sido medidas en puntos demarcados previamente en los dientes, con un programa de computación gráfica, después del encerado y después de la polimerización y demuflado. La diferencia entre la medida, en las dos etapas, demostró la ocurrencia de pequeñas alteraciones. Fue concluido, del punto de vista estadístico, que no ha tenido diferencias significativas en las alteraciones de la posición de dientes, en los tres tamaños de modelos estudiados.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of maxillary arch size on the artificial teeth movement in complete dentures. The maxillary dentures were processed with a barrier-type IV gypsum molding technique, and polymerized by microwave energy. Twenty one dentures were fabricated and equally divided into 3 groups, according to maxillary residual ridge size: G1) small; G2) medium and G3) large size. Reference points were made on the incisal edges of the central incisors and the supporting cusps of the premolar and second molar teeth. Linear distances among reference points, in a horizontal plane, were measured with a computer program (Auto cad 2000) before and after processing denture. Although there were differences between measurements, indicating some movement degree among artificial teeth, the results showed no statistical significantly differences among three groups studied. It was concluded that the maxillary arch size has not influence on the artificial teeth position

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of superficial bubbles and dimensional changes of three types of irreversible hydrocolloids smoothened with a moist finger and not smoothened. A master die was made with acrylic resin, representing an edentulous maxillary palate that was modified in order to provide a flat surface. Five pins were inserted in the alveolar crest at predetermined areas. The study was divided in 6 groups in agreement with the molding technique and the hydrocolloid material (Jeltrate, Jeltrate Plus and Hidrogum). These consisted of 10 impressions for each group. The palate region of the molds was assessed with a microscope (50x) to allow bubble scoring. The mold was immediately poured with type IV dental stone. The casts were scanned and digitalized. The distances between pins were measured employing AutoCAD 2000. The data was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey´s test with significance level of 5%. There were no significant differences between cast accuracy obtained from either impression technique regardless of the alginate tested. From the results obtained it was concluded that the presence of bubbles was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the groups that water rinsing with was not performed; the alginate «Jeltrate» showed a larger discrepancy between both techniques (with and without moist finger smoothening).

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la presencia de burbujas superficiales y la alteración dimensional en los modelos obtenidos de impresiones de alginato, con y sin alisamiento con el dedo humedecido en agua. Se hizo una matriz en resina acrílica del maxilar desdentado cuyo paladar se modificó para que presentara una superficie llana y lisa y se insertaron 5 pernos metálicos en la cresta del reborde en lugares predeterminados. El estudio se dividió en 6 grupos de acuerdo con la técnica de impresión y del material usado (Jeltrate, Jeltrate plus e Hidrogum), con un total de 10 modelos para cada grupo. El paladar de los modelos se valoró con lupa (50 aumentos) lo que permitió la estimación de las burbujas. La lectura de los modelos se hizo por digitalización de los modelos, midiendo la distancia entre los pernos con el software AutoCAD 2000. Los datos según el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) y el test de Tukey (5%) indicaron una reducción significativa en el porcentaje de burbujas cuando se hacia el alisamiento. Los modelos donde se hizo el alisamiento presentaran alteraciones sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a los grupos donde no se hizo el alisamiento. El análisis de los resultados permitió concluir que el alisamiento del alginato con el dedo humedecido no afectó la precisión de los modelos del yeso en ningunos de los alginatos probados. El alisado dio lugar a una reducción significativa en el número de burbujas superficiales.