Resumo Espécies de besouros Scolytinae, em altas populações, podem danificar a madeira e reduzir a produtividade de cultivos florestais. Esses besouros são monitorados com armadilhas iscadas com etanol e o aumento da eficiência das mesmas pode melhorar o manejo integrado desses insetos. O objetivo foi avaliar o aumento da eficiência de captura de Scolytinae com armadilha modelo semifunil, em dois experimentos, um incluindo elementos de madeira e outro aumentando a área de interceptação de voo e correlacionar o número desses besouros coletados com fatores climáticos. No experimento 1, ripas de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake foram fixadas, diretamente, no frasco coletor e em outro tratamento, além dessas ripas, fitas de Cedrela sp. foram inseridas no interior da mangueira porta isca. No experimento 2, a área de interceptação de insetos na armadilha, originalmente, com 480 cm2, foi ampliada para 1200 cm2 e comparada com a armadilha modelo Pet–Santa Maria com área de interceptação de 550 cm2. Coletas semanais foram realizadas entre maio de 2018 a junho de 2019. Os insetos capturados foram levados ao Laboratório de Biodeterioração da Madeira da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) onde foram triados, identificados em nível de família, contados e a abundância correlacionada com fatores climáticos. As análises estatísticas dos dados coletados foram processadas pelo programa BioStat® 5.3. No experimento 1 foram coletados 869 Scolytinae. Os números de besouros coletados por armadilha sem modificação, com ripas de E. urophylla e com ripas de E. urophylla + fita de Cedrela sp. foram semelhantes, 7,3 ± 3,8; 7,8 ± 6,2 e 7,7 ± 5,0 respectivamente. No experimento 2 foram coletados 4398 Scolytinae. O aumento da área de interceptação dos besouros aumentou a eficiência da armadilha semifunil, com 42,7 ± 20,5 Scolytinae coletados por armadilha comparado a semifunil original, 28,6 ± 12,6 e a Pet–Santa Maria, 20,4 ± 10,4. O número de Scolytinae não se correlacionou com os fatores climáticos no experimento 1 e se correlacionou com a temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento, mas não com a precipitação, no 2. A incorporação de ripas de E. urophylla ou fitas de Cedrela sp. na armadilha semifunil não aumentou o número de besouros coletados, mas, o aumento da área de intercepção de voo e a temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento se correlacionaram com o número de besouros coletados.

Abstract Scolytinae species that, in high populations, can damage reducing wood production in forest crops. These beetles are monitored with traps baited with ethanol and increasing their efficiency can improve the integrated management of these insects. The objective was to evaluate the increase in the capture efficiency of Scolytinae with a semi-funnel trap model, in two experiments, one including wooden elements and other increasing the flight interception area and to correlate the numbers of these beetles collected with climatic factors. In the experiment 1, Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake slats were directly attached to the collector flask and in another treatment, in addition to these slats, Cedrela sp. strips were inserted inside the bait holding hose. In the experiment 2, the insect interception area in the trap, originally 480 cm2, was expanded to 1,200 cm2 and compared with the model Pet–Santa Maria trap with an interception area of 550 cm2. Weekly collections were carried out between May 2018 and June 2019. The beetles collected were taken to the Wood Biodeterioration Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) where they were sorted, identified at family level, counted and their number correlated with climatic factors. Statistical analyzes of the collected data were processed by the BioStat® 5.3 program. In the experiment 1 were collected 869 Scolytinae. The numbers of beetles collected per trap without modification, with E. urophylla slats and E. urophylla slats + Cedrela sp. strips were similar, 7.3 ± 3.8, 7.8 ± 6.2 and 7.7 ± 5.0 respectively. In the experiment 2 were collected 4,398 Scolytinae. Increasing the interception area of the beetles increased the efficiency of the semi-funnel trap, with 42.7 ± 20.5 Scolytinae collected compared to the original semi-funnel trap, 28.6 ± 12.6 and the Pet–Santa Maria, 20.4 ± 10.4, per trap. The number of Scolytinae did not correlate with climatic factors in the experiment 1 and it was correlated with temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, but not with precipitation, in the 2. The incorporation of E. urophylla slats or Cedrela sp. strips in the semi-funnel trap did not increase the number of beetles collected, but, the increase in the flight interception area and the temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were correlated with the number of beetles collected.

Resumo A variabilidade na composição dos venenos de serpentes é bem documentada e crucial para a compreensão da ecologia das serpentes ou do prognóstico dos envenenamentos ofídicos. Nesse estudo, caracterizamos a composição e a atividade biológica do veneno de fêmeas e machos recém-nascidos e sua mãe. Nossos resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre o veneno de fêmeas e machos recém-nascidos, demonstrando uma ampla e diversificada gama de proteínas. Os venenos de fêmeas recém-nascidas apresentaram mais efeitos de serina protease, aumento da atividade hemorrágica e maior letalidade em comparação ao veneno dos machos recém-nascidos. No entanto, nenhuma diferença foi observada na fosfolipase A2 e na atividade coagulante. As diferenças na composição proteica e nas atividades tóxicas entre o veneno materno e neonatal, bem como entre os venenos de fêmeas e machos recém-nascidos contribuem para a compreensão dos diversos resultados dos acidentes ofídicos. Esses resultados ressaltam a importância de considerar o sexo e a ontogenia na compreensão da composição do veneno desses animais. ofídicos estudo recémnascidos recém nascidos mãe recémnascidos, nascidos, proteínas recémnascidas nascidas protease recémnascidos. nascidos. entanto coagulante neonatal animais

Abstract Variability in snake venom composition is well-documented and crucial for understanding snake ecology and predicting snakebites. In this study, we characterize the venom composition and biological activities of newborn female and male Bothrops moojeni and their mother. Our results reveal significant differences between the venom of newborn females and males, demonstrating a broad and diverse range of proteins. The venoms of newborn females showed higher serine protease effects, increased hemorrhagic activity, and greater lethality compared to the venom of newborn males. However, no differences were observed in phospholipase A2 and coagulant activity. The differences in protein composition and toxic activities between maternal and neonatal venom, as well as between the venoms of newborn females and males, contribute to understanding the diverse outcomes of snakebites. These results underscore the importance of considering sex and ontogeny in understanding venom composition in snakes. welldocumented documented snakebites study mother males proteins effects activity However A snakes

Hop flowers contain chemical substances that are used to confer sensory properties to beer. Hop flower products have very high commercial value, but national production represents less than 2% of domestic consumption. In this work, flowers from different hop cultivars grown in northeast of Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará) were analyzed to quantitate metabolites of industrial interest. Flowers from the initial and three consecutive harvests were collected, and bitter acids and xanthohumol were evaluated by HPLC-UV and essential oils by GC-MS. The cultivar Columbus was subjected to only 10% of the irrigation time during the third flowering phase to evaluate the effect of water stress on the formation of metabolites. Compounds were detected in appreciable quantities in all samples, and consecutive flowering of some cultivars showed a significant increase in total bitter acids with successive harvests. Plants subjected to water stress showed an abrupt decrease in the concentration of compounds. The cultivars evaluated by liquid and gas chromatography showed a significant concentration of bitter acids and essential oils within the expected range, and the chemical composition of the oils showed different compounds characteristic of hops. beer value 2 consumption work Rio Ceará interest collected HPLCUV HPLC UV GCMS. GCMS GC MS. MS GC-MS 10 samples range hops 1

Abstract In the pursuit of unconventional binders that can reduce energy consumption in production, magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement emerges as a viable alternative. Moreover, carbon dioxide (CO2) has been employed in the curing process of certain MOS cement products, such as magnesia fiber cement, due to its capacity to enhance their performance. This study aims to assess the impact of pre-curing prior to accelerated carbonation on the physical-mechanical properties of magnesium oxide fiber cement boards. These boards were manufactured using the Hatschek process simulation and subjected to pre-curing periods of 24, 48, and 72 h post-production. The relationship between microstructural alterations and the physical-mechanical properties was examined through analyses including water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density, four-point bending tests, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The results indicated that pre-curing had an influence on the physical-mechanical attributes of the manufactured boards. After 72 h, the carbonated materials exhibited a decline in mechanical performance, a phenomenon attributed to the carbonation reactions between CO2 and the hydration products responsible for enhancing the mechanical strength of the cementitious materials. production (MOS alternative Moreover CO (CO2 performance precuring pre physicalmechanical physical 24 48 7 postproduction. postproduction post production. post-production absorption porosity density fourpoint four point tests Xray X ray diffraction (CO 2 4

Abstract Despite the enormous paleobotanical record on different islands of the Antarctic Peninsula, the evidence of insect activity associated with fossilized plants is scarce. Here we report the first evidence of insect-plant interaction from Cretaceous deposits, more precisely from a new locality at the Rip Point area, Nelson Island (Antarctic Peninsula). The macrofossil assemblage includes isolated Nothofagus sp. leaf impressions, a common component of the Antarctic paleoflora. Two hundred leaves were examined, of which 15 showed evidence of insect activity, displaying variations in size, shape, and preservation. Two types of interaction damage, galls and mines, were identified. A single specimen retained a circular scar recognized as galling scar, while meandering tracks were considered mines. These traces of herbivore insect activity, correspond to the oldest known record of this type of interaction of West Antarctica and the oldest record of insect-plant interaction in Nothofagus sp. reported so far. Peninsula scarce insectplant plant deposits area Peninsula. . Peninsula) sp impressions paleoflora examined 1 size shape preservation damage mines identified far

ABSTRACT Background: Background: Historically, midline laparotomy has been the approach used for patients with abdominal trauma with high morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, laparoscopy is an accepted approach for hemodynamically stable patients (systolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg) requiring abdominal exploration. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the practice of laparoscopy in abdominal traumas in a trauma hospital for four years. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records and operative protocols of patients with open abdominal trauma undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The following variables were analyzed: type of open trauma (gunshot and stab wounds); examination of the wound and request for preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan; type of procedure (diagnostic or therapeutic); intraoperative findings; conversion rate; size of laparotomy; operative time; postoperative complications; and length of hospital stay. Results: Considering patients with negative laparoscopies (those with injuries that did not require treatment) and those with therapeutic laparoscopies, 68% (19) were completely approached through laparoscopy and avoided the traditional xyphopubic laparotomy used in trauma cases. In addition, in those patients who required a laparotomy to repair their injuries, a shorter laparotomy incision was performed depending on the lesions found. The morbidity and mortality rate were low and length of hospital stay was short. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a useful alternative for hemodynamically stable patients requiring abdominal exploration.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: históricamente el traumatismo abdominal abierto se abordó por medio de una laparotomía mediana, con una alta tasa de morbimortalidad. Es por eso que la laparoscopia es una alternativa aceptable para pacientes estables hemodinámicamente (presión sistólica mayor de 90 mm Hg) que requieran exploración abdominal. Objetivos: realizar una descripción de la práctica de laparoscopia en traumatismos abdominales durante cuatro años en un hospital de trauma. Material y métodos: se revisaron historias clínicas y protocolos operatorios de los pacientes que habían sido sometidos a dicho procedimiento. Se analizaron: el tipo de traumatismo abierto (heridas de arma de fuego y blanca); la exploración de la herida y solicitud de tomografía computarizada (TC) preoperatoria; si se trató de un procedimiento diagnóstico o terapéutico; los hallazgos intraoperatorios; la tasa de conversión; el tamaño de la laparotomía; el tiempo operatorio; las complicaciones posoperatorias y los días de internación. Resultados: entre los hallazgos más relevantes observamos que ‒considerando los pacientes que tuvieron laparoscopías negativas, en los que se hallaron lesiones que no requirieron tratamiento y los que recibieron laparoscopias terapéuticas‒ el 68% (19) fue abordadoscompletamente por laparoscopia, evitándose la clásica laparotomía xifopubiana utilizada en traumatismos. Además, en aquellos pacientes que requirieron una laparotomía para resolver sus lesiones (9), se realizó una laparotomía acotada acorde con las lesiones halladas. Observamos una baja tasa de morbimortalidad y una corta estadía hospitalaria. Conclusión: hallamos la laparoscopia como una alternativa muy útil en pacientes hemodinámicamente estables con indicación de exploración abdominal.

Abstract Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively impacted healthcare services worldwide. We hypothesized that the pandemic would affect our case mix and mortality. Our objective was to study this impact. Methods: We retrospectively studied all patients who underwent congenital heart surgeries from March 21st to August 21st in 2019 and 2020 using the institutional electronic database. We compared demographic data, preoperative and postoperative length of stay (LOS), risk stratification using Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS) classification and outcomes in both periods. Results: We observed a 66.7% decrease in our surgical volume (285 × 95 patients). Patients operated in the pre-pandemic period were older (911.3 [174.8 - 5953.8] days-old) compared to the pandemic period (275 days-old; P<0.05). When the case mix was compared between periods, the percentage of neonatal surgery was increased in the pandemic era (8% × 21.1%; P<0.05), and the number of RACHS 1-2 surgeries decreased significantly (60.7 × 27.4%; P<0.05). Preoperative LOS was increased in the pandemic period (1.2 × 7 days; P=0.001). There was no significant increment in mortality (P=0.1). Two patients tested positive for COVID-19 in the postoperative period and both died. Conclusion: Our program observed a sudden decrease in surgical volume and a consequent increase in surgical complexity. There was a non-significant increment in mortality.

Abstract The population structure and growth of two populations (Arraial and Capivari rivers) of Aegla schmitti was evaluated. The following parameters were determined: size, age structure, sex ratio, recruitment period, and sampling method selectivity (traps and handnet). There was variation between males and females. The carapace length size class distribution was unimodal in the Arraial River, and polymodal in the Capivari River. The sampling method influenced the proportion of demographic categories. The recruitment occurred mostly between October and December. The growth curves for the Arraial and Capivari rivers, respectively, were Ct= 26,50[1- e -0,004(t+53,36)] and Ct= 34,79[1- e -0,0024(t+122,34)] for males, and Ct= 23,07[1- e -0.0027(t+23,18)] and Ct= 25.52[1- e -0,0033(t+19,51)] for females. The maximum CL estimated for males and females were 26.50 and 23.07mm for the Arraial River, and 34.79 and 25.52mm for the Capivari River. Longevity was estimated in 2 years for females of both populations, and 2.5 and 3 years for males of the Arraial and Capivari rivers, respectively. The results allow for the characterization of the growth patterns of A. schmitti in two hydrographic basins, providing information for the species’ preservation and also demonstrating the selectivity of the different sampling methods used for aeglids.

This study verified the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on hemodynamics, heart rate (HR) variability, and muscle morphology in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups and 34 completed the study: i) sham-sedentary (Sham-ST; n=9); ii) sham-RMT (Sham-RMT; n=9); iii) DM-sedentary (DM-ST; n=8); and iv) DM-RMT (DM-RMT; n=8). Hemodynamics were assessed by central cannulation, and R-R intervals were measured by electrocardiogram. In addition, the effects of RMT on the cross-sectional area of the diaphragm, anterior tibial, and soleus muscles were analyzed. The induction of DM by streptozotocin resulted in weight loss, hyperglycemia, reduced blood pressure, and attenuated left ventricular contraction and relaxation (P<0.05). We also observed a decrease in root mean square of successive differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) index and in the cross-sectional area of the muscles assessed, specifically the diaphragm, soleus, and anterior tibial muscles in diabetic rats (P<0.05). Interestingly, RMT led to an increase in RMSSD in rats with DM (P<0.05). The induction of DM produced profound deleterious changes in the diaphragmatic and peripheral muscles, as well as impairments in cardiovascular hemodynamics and autonomic control. Nevertheless, RMT may beneficially attenuate autonomic changes and improve parasympathetic modulation.

In this study, biopolymer-based pH-sensitive hydrogels have been successfully prepared using alginate, κ-carrageenan and pectin aimed at the encapsulation of pancreatin (hydrolytic enzymes like α-amylase, lipase and protease) so as to preserve enzymatic activities. Hydrogels have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling degree and swelling profile. Encapsulation efficiency and in vitro studies on delayed release have also been evaluated. All hydrogels presented low swelling degree and enzyme release in a gastric medium. On the other hand, high swelling degree and enzyme release were observed in an intestinal medium. Alginate hydrogel achieved optimal results concerning encapsulation efficiency (18, 68 and 53% for α-amylase, lipase and protease, respectively) and delayed release (363, 7,673 and 17,497 U for α-amylase, lipase and protease, respectively) which has been afterwards compared to a commercial pancreatin formulation (CreonTM 10,000). Thus, it presented better performance than its commercial formulation, mainly in respect of lipase.

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of three neglected tropical diseases: dengue, zika and chikungunya. Dengue is under surveillance by health organizations worldwide due to the risk of epidemics. Since there is no specific treatment for dengue, most studies have focused on preventing the reproduction and/or development of the mosquitoes. We studied the larvicidal activity of five phosphates and phosphorothioates derived from cardol, one of the four main components of cashew nut shell liquid (Anacardium occidentale L.), at different concentrations. The organophosphorothioate derivatives were tested for their in vitro inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). One compound, Cdl.i-dPS (median lethal concentration (LC50) = 0.8 ppm), was four times more efficient compared to an important commercial larvicide, Temephos (LC50 = 3.2 ppm), and showed greater AChE inhibition than its monosubstituted analogue and Temephos.

In order to produce bioactive derivatives of carvacrol and thymol, nine derivatives of each compound were prepared through modifications the phenolic hydroxyl group. The structures of compounds were confirmed by spectral data from MS, IR and NMR. Carvacrol, thymol and derivatives were submitted to the evaluation of the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, using a colorimetric method in which the inhibition of the enzyme is measured by coloration, and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Derivatives carvacryl acetate-1b and thymyl hexanoate-2b showed the best results for the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and for the larvicidal activity the derivatives 1a, 1b, 1c, 3h, 2a, 2b, 2c and 4h showed positive results, emphasizing compound thymyl 4-methoxybenzoate-4h which showed LC50 values of 23.60 ppm, considered a very good result.

The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of complexes formed among humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) derived from poultry wastes and ions Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+. The release of such metals in a buffer solution simulating the soil solution was also evaluated. After complexation, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra presented alterations in the absorption bands related to changes in the humic structure, thus indicating the complexation with phenolic and carboxylic groups. Thermogravimetric analyses demonstrated that complexed metals decreased the thermal stability of humic substances. Analyses by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) demonstrated that the release of metals is directly related to the origin of the sample, type of interaction of metal and humic structure and conditions of the medium in which the complex is inserted.

ABSTRACT High toxicity of the preservatives most frequently used in wood treatment and the resulting risks of handling pose a threat to small producers and to the environment. In an attempt to mitigate these problems, the present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the preservative effect of tannic extract on biodeterioration of Acacia mearnsii wood. For this purpose, untreated and preserved specimens, some with tannin extract and some with a preservative mixture based on CCB (Chromated Copper Borate), were submitted to accelerated rotting trials with the fungus that causes white rot (Pycnoporus sanguineus) for 16 weeks. The evaluations were made with a basis on weight loss and chemical components analysis, and they showed that the natural resistance of Acacia wood is moderate when exposed to the white rot fungus. The tannin concentrations showed similar effects to those of the CBB mixture in all evaluations, i.e., they significantly increased the biological resistance of the material, which started to be classified as very resistant to the fungus. Overall, the results suggest that tannin can be considered as a potential natural preservative product.

Resumo No presente estudo é relatado pela primeira vez Litomosoides silvai parasitando Akodon montensis coletados na região Sul do Brasil. Foram fornecidas novas informações morfológicas para algumas estruturas desta espécie de nematódeo, tais como extremidade cefálica achatada, a presença de duas papilas cefálicas dorsais, cauda das fêmeas com uma constrição na ponta da cauda, vagina em forma de “s”, espículas de característica do grupo de espécies de carinii e cauda da microfilária com constrição na ponta. Este nematódeo parasitava a cavidade torácica com uma prevalência de 10% (2/20), intensidade média de 4 (8/2) e abundância média de 0,4 (8/20), e intervalo de infecção de 2-6 espécimes por hospedeiro no Sul do Brasil. A ocorrência de L. silvai em A. montensis é um novo registro geográfico, no sul do Brasil, a noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na ecorregião da Mata Atlântica do Alto Paraná, parte do bioma da Mata Atlântica.

Abstract In the present study, Litomosoides silvai parasitizing Akodon montensis in the southern region of Brazil is reported for the first time. New morphological information is provided for some structures of this nematode species, such as a flattened cephalic extremity, presence of two dorsal cephalic papillae, female tail with a constriction at its tip, “s” shaped vagina, spicules characteristic of the carinii species group and microfilaria tail constricted at the tip. This nematode was found parasitizing the thoracic cavity with a prevalence of 10% (2/20), mean intensity of 4 (6/2), mean abundance of 0.4 (8/20) and range of infection of 2-6 specimens per host, in southern Brazil. This occurrence of L. silvai in A. montensis is a new geographical record for southern Brazil, in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion of the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome.