RESUMO: O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma fruta rica em nutrientes e com alto teor de ácido glutâmico, tornando-o uma fonte adequada para a produção de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) através da ação de bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL). As BAL desempenham um papel fundamental na fermentação láctica, melhorando o sabor e o valor nutricional dos produtos alimentares, contribuindo frequentemente para os seus benefícios para a saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar BAL produtoras de GABA de tomates e avaliar seu potencial para a produção de suco de tomate fermentado enriquecido com GABA. Os resultados indicam o isolamento de 15 cepas de BAL a partir de amostras de cinco tomates diferentes. Todas essas cepas demonstraram capacidade de produzir GABA, com níveis variando de 1,732 a 3,113 mg/mL, conforme determinado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Através de sequenciamento, a cepa promissora TO42, identificada como Weissella cibaria, foi selecionada para fermentação de suco de tomate. Além disso, o suco de tomate enriquecido com GABA foi fermentado com sucesso a 15 °Brix por 72 h, resultando no maior teor registrado de GABA e ácido láctico de 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL e 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectivamente. RESUMO Solanum L. L glutâmico tornandoo tornando γaminobutírico γ aminobutírico (GABA BAL. . (BAL) láctica alimentares saúde 1 diferentes 1732 732 1,73 3113 3 113 3,11 mgmL mg mL CCD. CCD (CCD) sequenciamento TO42 TO cibaria disso Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectivamente (BAL 173 73 1,7 311 11 3,1 (CCD TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 1, 31 3, 91 9. 03 0.

ABSTRACT: Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are nutrient-rich fruits with a high glutamic acid content, making them a suitable source for producing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the action of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB plays a pivotal role in lactic fermentation, enhancing the taste and nutritional value of food products, often contributing to their health benefits. This study isolated GABA-producing LAB from tomatoes and assessed their potential for producing GABA-enriched fermented tomato juice. The results indicated the isolation of 15 LAB strains from the samples of five different tomatoes. All of these strains demonstrated the capability to produce GABA, with levels ranging from 1.732 to 3.113 mg/mL, as determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Through sequencing, the promising strain TO42, identified as Weissella cibaria, was selected for tomato juice fermentation. Furthermore, GABA-enriched tomato juice was successfully fermented at 15 °Brix for 72 h, resulting in the highest recorded GABA and lactic acid content of 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL and 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectively. ABSTRACT Solanum L. L nutrientrich nutrient rich γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric (GABA LAB. . (LAB) fermentation products benefits GABAproducing GABAenriched enriched 1 1732 732 1.73 3113 3 113 3.11 mgmL mg mL thinlayer thin layer TLC. TLC (TLC) sequencing TO42 TO cibaria Furthermore Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectively (LAB 173 73 1.7 311 11 3.1 (TLC TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 31 3. 91 9. 03 0.

Resumo Este estudo investiga os fatores críticos que influenciam a regeneração de brotos e raízes a partir de cortes de rizoma de H. gigantea, fornecendo insights valiosos para as práticas de corte de rizoma. Três experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o impacto das concentrações de reguladores vegetais, comprimento do corte e seção de corte na regeneração. No primeiro experimento, diferentes concentrações de α-NAA e BAP foram examinadas, revelando que a seleção e concentração de reguladores vegetais desempenham um papel crucial na indução de brotos e raízes e no desenvolvimento de plântulas. As taxas de sucesso mais altas foram observadas a partir de 150 ppm de α-NAA e 100 ppm de BAP, embora houvesse um equilíbrio entre a quantidade e a qualidade das plântulas, enfatizando a necessidade de uma seleção equilibrada de reguladores vegetais. O segundo experimento investigou a influência do comprimento de corte do rizoma. Cortes mais longos, especialmente com cinco e sete cm, levaram a um melhor desenvolvimento de brotos e raízes, destacando a importância da seleção de comprimentos de corte apropriados. No terceiro experimento, seções de corte (apical, média e distal) sem concentrações de reguladores vegetais foram avaliadas, com todas as seções mostrando altas taxas de regeneração. No entanto, a seção apical produziu plântulas de melhor qualidade com parâmetros de crescimento superiores, seguida pela seção média, enquanto a seção distal apresentou menor eficácia. Em resumo, essas descobertas destacam a importância da escolha e concentração de reguladores vegetais, comprimento de corte e seção de corte para a regeneração bem-sucedida de H. gigantea a partir de cortes de rizoma. Esses insights fornecem orientações valiosas para aprimorar os métodos de corte de rizoma para essa espécie de planta e promover uma propagação eficiente. H αNAA α NAA examinadas 15 10 longos cm apropriados apical, (apical avaliadas entanto superiores eficácia resumo bemsucedida bem sucedida eficiente 1

Abstract This study investigates the critical factors influencing shoot and root regeneration from Homalomena gigantea rhizome cuttings, providing valuable insights for rhizome cutting practices for this plant species. Three key experiments were conducted to assess the impact of plant growth regulator (PGR) concentrations, cutting length, and cutting section on regeneration. In the first experiment, different concentrations of α-NAA and BAP were examined, revealing that PGR selection and concentration play a pivotal role in shoot and root induction and plantlet development. The highest success rates were observed at 150 ppm α-NAA and 100 ppm BAP, although there was a trade-off between the quantity and quality of plantlets, emphasizing the need for a balanced plant regulator selection. The second experiment investigated the influence of rhizome cutting length. Longer cuttings, particularly at 5 and 7 cm, consistently led to better shoot and root development, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate cutting lengths. In the third experiment, cutting sections (apical, middle, and distal) without PGR concentrations were assessed, with all sections showing high regeneration rates. However, the apical section produced the highest-quality plantlets with superior growth parameters, followed by the middle section, while the distal section exhibited lower effectiveness. In summary, these findings underscore the significance of PGR choice and concentration, cutting length, and cutting section for successful regeneration of H. gigantea from rhizome cuttings. These insights provide valuable guidance for enhancing rhizome cuttings methods for this plant species and promoting efficient propagation. (PGR length αNAA α NAA examined development 15 10 tradeoff trade off cm lengths apical, (apical assessed However highestquality parameters effectiveness summary H propagation 1

RESUMEN Introducción: La aflatoxina B1 se encuentra entre las micotoxinas más comunes y venenosas producidas por ciertos hongos que dañan a los animales y los cultivos. Las micotoxinas pueden causar una variedad de efectos adversos para la salud y representar una grave amenaza para la salud de los seres humanos. Los límites máximos de residuos de aflatoxina B1en cereales e ingredientes procesados son de 2 ppb y 5 ppb, respectivamente. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado de contaminación por aflatoxina B1 en arroz, maíz y alimentos básicos producidos en la provincia de Ha Giang, en comparación con los niveles máximos permitidos. Métodos: Se analizaron un total de 210 muestras de arroz y maíz para cuantificar el nivel de aflatoxina B1. El análisis de micotoxinas se realizó mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución, utilizando un detector de fluorescencia. Resultados: Se encontró que el arroz, los productos de arroz, el maíz y los productos de maíz tenían un contenido medio de aflatoxin B1, de 1,79 ppb, 2,55 ppb, 2,19 ppb y 6,35 ppb, respectivamente. Los resultados también mostraron que el 71,9 % de las muestras estaban contaminadas con micotoxinas y el 14,28 % de las muestras excedieron el límite máximo permitido. Conclusión: La concentración de aflatoxina B1 en el 14,28 % de las muestras está por encima de los límites permisibles por la norma nacional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aflatoxins B1 are among the most common poisonous mycotoxins produced by certain fungi that harm animals and crops. Mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects and pose a serious health threat to humans. The Maximum Residue Limits of aflatoxin B1 in processed cereals and ingredients are 2 parts per billion (ppb) and 5 ppb, respectively. Objectives: To evaluate the status of aflatoxin B1 contamination in rice, corn and staple food produced in Ha Giang province compared with the maximum permitted levels. Methods: A total of 210 rice and maize samples were analyzed to quantify the level of aflatoxin B1. Analysis of mycotoxins was conducted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography using a fluorescence detector. Results: It was found that rice, rice products, maize, and maize products had a mean aflatoxin B1 content of 1.79 ppb, 2.55 ppb, 2.19 ppb, and 6.35 ppb, respectively. The results also showed that 71.9% of samples were contaminated with mycotoxins, and 14.28% of samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit. Conclusion: The concentration of aflatoxin B1 in 14.28% of the samples are over permissible limits by nationwide regulations.

ABSTRACTS Introduction: Milk and dairy products are nutritious and can play a significant role in a healthy diet. The safety of milk decreases with increasing concentration of arsenic. The Maximum Residue Limits of arsenic is 500 parts per billion (ppb). Objectives: To evaluate the status of arsenic contamination of milk and dairy products produced and processed in some provinces and cities of Vietnam. Methods: A total of 367 samples were tested. Samples were digested before analysis to remove organic compounds, and the total arsenic content determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The average concentrations of total arsenic in liquid milk were 139.32 ppb; in yogurt, 169.81 ppb; in cheese, 221.38 ppb; in milk cake, 232.80 ppb; and in milk powder, 35.43 ppb, respectively. Conclusion: The arsenic concentrations in some samples are higher than the maximum permitted levels according to national regulations.

RESUMEN Introducción: La leche y los productos lácteos son nutritivos y pueden desempeñar un papel importante en una dieta saludable. La seguridad de la leche disminuye con el aumento de la concentración de arsénico. Los límites máximos de residuos de arsénico son 500 ppb. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado de contaminación por arsénico de la leche y los productos lácteos producidos y procesados en algunas provincias y ciudades de Vietnam. Métodos: Se analizaron un total de 367 muestras. Las muestras se digirieron antes del análisis, para eliminar los compuestos orgánicos y se determinó el contenido total de arsénico mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Resultados: Las concentraciones promedio de arsénico total en la leche líquida fueron 139,32 ppb; en el yogur, 169,81 ppb; en el queso, 221,38 ppb; en el pastel de leche, 232,80 ppb; y en la leche en polvo, 35,43 ppb, respectivamente. Conclusión: Las concentraciones de arsénico en algunas muestras superan los niveles máximos permitidos según la normativa nacional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rabies is a viral disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. All warm-blooded animals, including humans, can host rabies’s virus. Vaccination of dogs is an effective method of preventing rabies in humans. Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices towards rabies prevention and factors related to vaccines for both patients exposed with rabies and dogs. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, using the questionnaire on rabies prevention by interviewing 1 484 households. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to vaccines for both patients exposed to rabies and dogs. Results: Of all 67.32 % of the people surveyed with high knowledge, only 43.8 % and 31.47 % were assessed as having a good attitude and practice. Interviewees with poor knowledge and practice are independently related to low-rate vaccines provision for pets. Factors associated with low vaccination rates after pet bites were poor attitudes and practices. Conclusion: People with a high level of education, knowledge and practice, the rabies vaccination rate on pets is high. People with good attitudes and practices had a high rate of rabies vaccination after being bitten by an animal.

RESUMEN Introducción: La rabia es una enfermedad viral que puede transmitirse de animales a humanos. Todos los animales de sangre caliente, incluidos los humanos, pueden albergar el virus de la rabia. La vacunación de perros es un método eficaz para prevenir la rabia en humanos. Objetivos: Evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la comunidad hacia la prevención de la rabia y los factores relacionados con las vacunas, tanto para pacientes expuestos como para perros. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, se utilizó un cuestionario sobre prevención de la rabia, mediante entrevistas en 1 484 hogares. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariable para identificar los factores relacionados con las vacunas, tanto para pacientes expuestos como para los perros. Resultados: Del 67,32 % de encuestados, con alto conocimiento, solo el 43,8 % y el 31,47 % fueron evaluados como de buena actitud y práctica. Los entrevistados con insuficiente conocimiento y prácticas se relacionan de forma independiente con la baja provisión de vacunas para las mascotas. Las razones de bajas tasas de vacunación después de las mordeduras causadas por mascotas fueron las malas actitudes y prácticas. Conclusión: Las personas con nivel alto de práctica, educación y conocimientos, tienen elevados niveles de vacunación antirrábica de sus mascotas. Después de la mordedura de un animal, las personas con buenas prácticas y actitudes, tienen más altos niveles de vacunación antirrábica.

Abstract Psoriasis is a common chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the skin. PSORS1C3 is a non-protein coding gene, of which the RNA transcript is found in psoriatic patients. CARD14 is mainly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. TLR4 is a transmembrane protein to recognize microbial antigens. Our study aimed to assess the relationship among PSORS1C3, CARD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms, inflammatory expression and psoriasis susceptibility. To the end, 71 patients with psoriasis and 46 healthy individuals with the well-characterized clinical profiles were enrolled. Gene polymorphisms were determined by Sanger DNA sequencing and secretion of cytokines by ELISA. As a result, genetic analysis of PSORS1C3 gene identified nine SNPs and three haplotype blocks. Sequencing of the CARD14 gene determined eight SNPs and one haplotype block. Sequencing of TLR4 gene identified nine SNPs, in which a SNP rs1018673641 was found to exert deleterious effect. The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that seven variants in PSORS1C3 gene and three SNPs in CARD14 gene were in tightly linked. More importantly, a significant association between IL-6 level and rs1018673641 AT genotype in TLR4 gene was detected in psoriatic patients. In conclusion, the PSORS1C3, CARD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms and haplotypes may be correlated with risk of suffering psoriasis and the IL-6-mediated chronic inflammation in psoriasis could be partially regulated by the TLR4 functional variant.

Abstract The phytochemical investigation on Vitex negundo leaves has led to the isolation of one new iridoid glucoside (8α-hydroxy-4-carboxyl-5βH-9βH-iridoid-1α-O-(6′-O-(6,7-dihydrofoliamenthonyl)-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside, 3), together with three known compounds, namely agnuside (1), 6′-O-E-caffeoylmussaenosidic acid (2), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4). The HPLC analytical study was also performed to quantify the content of agnuside (1) in dried leaves. The results indicated the very high content of 1 (3.04 ± 0.02%). The method was also validated by various parameters, including linearity (R2= 0.9999), precision (intra-day RSD ≤ 2.50%, inter-day RSD= 0.76%), and accuracy (recovery rates 96.58-101.86%). The animal testing data showed that the extract did not reduce pain at the doses of 9.6 and 28.8 g /kg (leaf weight/body weight) in the hot plates and pain measuring models but showed the pain reduction in the acetic acid-induced pain model. The extract at the dose of 5.6 g/kg (leaf weight/body weight) also had effects on the acute inflammation in the carrageenin-induced edema model. The extract at the dose 9.6 and 28.8 g/kg (leaf weight/body weight) also showed significant chronic anti-inflammation, comparable to methylprednisolone at the dose 10 mg/kg on the mouse peritoneal.

Abstract Anti-aging effect is a stimulating topic that attracting serious consideration from many researchers. Medicinal plants with anti-aging properties thereby have become common research subjects in various fields of science. This study aims to determine phytochemical constituents, specifically the total of phenolic and flavonoid contents and evaluate the anti-aging activity of ethanolic extracts from the stem of Lasia spinosa L. The DPPH and ABTS assays were applied to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S was used as the model organism to evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity, lifespan extension, climbing, and reproduction abilities. The results indicated that Lasia spinosa L. extract presented the phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were 271.65 mg GAE/g and 579.57 mg QE/g, respectively. The EC50 values of antioxidant activity was 23.80 µg/mL in DPPH assay and was 3.56 µg/mL for the assay of ABTS. The result also showed that the lifespan of adult fruit flies fed on extracts from Lasia spinosa L. was increased in oxidative stress conditions induced by H2O2. In lifespan assays, Drosophila melanogaster fed on the ethanolic extract from Lasia spinosa L. stem at 0.5 mg/mL of concentration in combination with standard food showed their mean lifespan increased to 22.9%, 50% survival increased to 22.2%, and the maximum lifespan of last flies increased to 20.7% compared with the control. The research results demonstrated a potential property among its natural compounds of Lasia spinosa L, which is capable of anti-aging through antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo conditions.

摘要 目的 估算临床试验中参与者理解知情同意不同组成部分的比例。 方法 系统回顾PubMed、Scopus和Google Scholar来识别相关研究。使用随机影响模型执行研究结果荟萃分析，以便将异质性考虑在内。 结果 分析包括评估135组参与者的103项研究。参与者理解知情同意组成部分...

Résumé Objectif Estimer la proportion des participants à des essais cliniques qui comprennent les différents composants du consentement éclairé. Méthodes Les études pertinentes ont été identifiées par une revue systématique de PubMed, Scopus et Google Scholar et par l'examen manuel des listes des références des publications allant jusqu'à octobre 2013. Une méta-analyse des résultats de l'étude a été réalisée à l'aide du modèle à effets aléatoires pour tenir compte de l'hétérogénéité. Résultats L'analyse a inclus 103 études évaluant 135 cohortes de participants. La proportion regroupée des participants qui ont compris les composants du consentement éclairé é...

Резюме Цель Определить долю участников клинических исследований, которые понимают различные детали информированного согласия. Методы Соответствующ...

Objective To estimate the proportion of participants in clinical trials who understand different components of informed consent. Methods Relevant studies were identified by a systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar and by manually reviewing reference lists for publications up to October 2013. A meta-analysis of study results was performed using a random-effects model to take account of heterogeneity. Findings The analysis included 103 studies evaluating 135 cohorts of participants. The pooled proportion of participants who understood components of informed consent was 75.8% for freedom to withdraw at any time, 74.7% for the nature of study, 74.7% for the voluntary nature of participation, 74.0% for potential benefits, 69.6% for the study’s purpose, 67.0% for potential risks and side-effects, 66.2% for confidentiality, 64.1% for the availability of alternative treatment if withdrawn, 62.9% for knowing that treatments were being compared, 53.3% for placebo and 52.1% for randomization. Most participants, 62.4%, had no therapeutic misconceptions and 54.9% could name at least one risk. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses identified covariates, such as age, educational level, critical illness, the study phase and location, that significantly affected understanding and indicated that the proportion of participants who understood informed consent had not increased over 30 years. Conclusion The proportion of participants in clinical trials who understood different components of informed consent varied from 52.1% to 75.8%. Investigators could do more to help participants achieve a complete understanding.

ملخص الغرض تقدير نسبة المشاركين في التجارب السريرية الذين يفهمون العناصر المختلفة للموافقة المستنيرة. الطريقة تم تحديد الدراسات ذات الصلة عن طريق استعرا...

Resumen Objetivo Estimar la proporción de participantes de ensayos clínicos que comprende los distintos componentes del consentimiento informado. Métodos Se identificaron los estudios pertinentes mediante una revisión sistemática de PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar y el examen manual de listas de referencia a fin de hallar publicaciones anteriores a octubre de 2013. Se realizó un metanálisis de los resultados del estudio mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios para tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad. Resultados El análisis incluyó 103 estudios que evaluaron 135 cohortes de participantes. La proporción combinada de participantes que entendía los componentes del consentimiento informado fue del 75,8 % para la libertad de retirarse en cualquier momento, 74,7 % para la naturaleza del estudio, 74,7 % para el carácter voluntario de la participación, 74,0 % para los beneficios potenciales, 69,6 % para el propósito del estudio, 67,0 % para los riesgos y efectos secundarios potenciales, 66,2 % para la confidencialidad, 64,1 % para la disponibilidad de tratamiento alternativo si el paciente se retira, 62,9 % para saber que se comparaban tratamientos, 53,3 % para el placebo y 52,1 % para la aleatorización. La mayoría de los participantes, el 62,4 %, no tenía una idea equivocada sobre la terapia y el 54,9 % no fue capaz de nombrar al menos un riesgo. Los análisis de subgrupos y la metarregresión identificaron covariables, como edad, nivel educativo, enfermedad crítica, fase de estudio y ubicación, que influían considerablemente en la comprensión y señalaron que la proporción de participantes que entendía el consentimiento informado no había aumentado en 30 años. Conclusión La proporción de participantes de ensayos clínicos que entendía los diferentes componentes del consentimiento informado varió del 52,1 % al 75,8 %. Los investigadores podrían realizar esfuerzos mayores para ayudar a los pacientes a lograr una comprensión total.