Abstract Introduction: According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Chile has one of the highest caesarean section rates on the continent, reaching 44.7% in 20132 and 47.7% in 20173 , ranking third only to Turkey and Mexico. Objective: Analyze the factors related to cesarean section intervention in women who delivered in a private clinic in the Fifth Region of Chile, from 2018 to 2022. Method: Cross-sectional study involving 9,041 users. A logistic regression model with odds ratio and its 95% confidence intervals was used to assess associations with sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Results: The prevalence of cesarean section during the study period was 85.1%. Primiparous status, previous cesarean section, presence of maternal and fetal pathology, absence of labor and surgical sterilization were associated with an increased likelihood of cesarean section, while gestational age 36 and under weeks showed a decreased chance. Conclusions: A high prevalence of cesarean sections stands out for the study period, higher than that reported in the literature.

Resumen Introducción: De acuerdo con lo reportado por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, Chile posee una de las tasas más altas de cesárea para el continente, llegando a un 44,7% en 2013 y un 47,7% en 2017, ubicándose en tercer lugar, solo precedido por Turquía y México. Objetivo: Analizar los factores relacionados a intervención de cesárea en las mujeres que atendieron su parto en una clínica privada de la Quinta Región de Chile entre los años 2018 y 2022. Método: Estudio transversal analítico en 9041 usuarias. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística con odds ratio y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% para evaluar la asociación con variables sociodemográficas y obstétricas. Resultados: La prevalencia de cesárea fue del 85,1% en el periodo estudiado. La condición de gestante primípara, la cesárea previa, la presencia de patología materna o fetal, la ausencia de trabajo de parto y la esterilización quirúrgica presentaron mayor probabilidad de cesárea, mientras que para la edad gestacional, menor o igual a 36 semanas, ésta fue menor. Conclusiones: Destaca un alta prevalencia de cesáreas para el periodo de estudio, superior a lo reportado en la literatura.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de depresión y maltrato e identificar sus factores asociados en los internos de Medicina de los hospitales peruanos. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, transversal y analítico, llevado a cabo durante los meses de marzo a mayo de 2016. Conformaron la población los internos de Medicina en 18 sedes hospitalarias de Lima y provincias. Se aplicó una encuesta que incluía características sociodemográficas y una escala para medir la percepción de maltrato (psicológico, físico y sexual). Asimismo, para evaluar la depresión, se usó el cuestionario PHQ-9 en su versión en español. Se usó regresión de Poisson con varianzas robustas para calcular las razones de prevalencia (RP). Resultados: Participaron 402 internos de Medicina; la mediana de edad fue 25 [intervalo intercuartílico, 21-33] años y el 52,7% eran varones. Además, el 25,4% padecía depresión. En el modelo ajustado, las variables asociadas con padecer depresión son edad (RPa = 1,15), cuántas horas duermen durante el día (RPa = 1,23), ser mujer (RPa = 3,33), realizar el internado en provincia (RPa = 0,25), estudiar en una universidad pública (RPa = 0,64), vivir con sus padres (RPa = 0,65) o solo (RPa = 0,33) y percibir algún tipo de maltrato (RPa = 1,07). Conclusiones: La cuarta parte de los internos encuestados tenían depresión. Es necesario realizar un cribado temprano para identificar posibles maltratos percibidos y otros factores desencadenantes de depresión, y así evitar repercusiones negativas en el desempeño laboral y la salud mental general durante el internado médico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression and abuse and identify the associated factors in medical interns in Peruvian hospitals. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional and analytical study during the months of March to May 2016. We included medical interns from 18 Peruvian hospitals, in Lima and provinces. We used a survey that included sociodemographic data and a scale to measure the perception of abuse (psychological, physical and sexual). In addition, we used the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 to evaluate depression. We used Poisson regression with robust variances to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs). Results: A total of 402 medical interns participated in the study, the median age was 25 [IQR: 21-33], and 52.7% were male. Moreover, 25.4% of them suffered from depression. In the adjusted model, the variables associated with depression were age (PRa = 1.15), the number of hours they sleep per day (PRa = 1.23), being a woman (PRa = 3.33), performing the internship in a province (PRa = 0.25), studying at a public university (PRa = 0.64), living with parents (PRa = 0.65) or alone (PRa = 0.33), and having perceived some type of abuse (PRa = 1.07). Conclusions: A quarter of surveyed medical interns had depression. Early screening is necessary to identify perceived abuse and other triggering depression factors that may adversely affect work performance and overall mental health during medical internships.

ABSTRACT The bioorganometallic compounds 2-cyrhetrenyl-5-nitro-benzimidazole (Bzn-1) and 2-ferrocenyl-5-nitro-benzimidazole (Bzn-2) have been proposed as potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. In this regard, electrochemical, electron spin resonance and biological studies were carried out. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed the generation of nitro anion radical derivatives and a self-protonation process was observed. Nitro anion radicals generated were characterized and analyzed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The compounds were tested in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi (Dm28c strain). Biological evaluation display that 2-cyrhetrenyl-5-nitro-benzimidazole (Bzn-1) was more active than its ferrocene analogue (Bzn-2) and purely organic derivate (Bzn-3), associated with the electron-withdrawing properties of the (η5-C5H4)Re(CO)3 moiety. Finally, theoretical studies were carried out in order to elucidate the correlation between organometallic fragment, nitro-reduction potentials and trypanocidal activity.

ABSTRACT This study sought to describe characteristics, motivations, barriers, and sources of information of human milk donors to the milk bank at Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital, Chile. Methods: A descriptive and cross - sectional study was carried out. We conducted a 15-question telephone survey in 82 women who were at least one-time milk donors between 2015 and 2017. Statistical analysis included frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. We calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The mean age of donors was 31.34,6 years; 92.7% were married or were living with their partner and 58.5% (95% CI of 47.1– 69.3) had completed higher education. The main motivation for donating was helping others (41.5% [95% CI of 30.7– 52.9]). The primary sources of knowledge on milk donations were the internet and social networks (43.9% [IC 95% 33.0– 55.3]), followed by health personnel 32% (95% CI of 22.9– 44.2). Conclusions: The donor profile in CASR's milk bank is a young woman, with a stable partner and high educational level. These results could provide useful information to improve strategies for human milk donation.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue describir las características, motivaciones, barreras y fuentes de información de las mujeres donantes del Banco de Leche en el Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río (CASR). Método: El diseño utilizado en este estudio correspondió a uno de tipo transversal descriptivo. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica con 15 preguntas a 82 mujeres que fueron donantes en al menos una oportunidad en el banco de leche del CASR desde el año 2015 a septiembre de 2017. Se estimaron proporciones para las variables categóricas y medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para la edad Se calcularon intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: La edad media de las donantes fue de 31,3 años con una desviación estándar de 4,6. El 92,7% se encontraba casada o en convivencia y un 58,5% (IC 95% 47,1 – 69,3) cursó educación profesional superior completa. La principal motivación para donar fue la empatia (41,5% [IC 95% 30,7 – 52,9]) y las principales fuentes de conocimiento fueron internet/redes sociales 43,9% (IC 95% 33,0 – 55,3) y personal de salud 32% (IC 95% 22,9 – 44,2). Conclusiones: La mujer donante del banco de leche del CASR, se encuentra principalmente casada o en convivencia, posee un alto nivel educacional y trabaja fuera del hogar. Estos resultados podrían orientar estrategias al fortalecimiento del banco de leche.

Introduction. The service-learning methodology is presented as an educational tool that allows to respond integrally to three dimensions: an academic one, which enables greater and better learning in students; another to the real contribution to the solution a community problem; and finally, to generate a space for values training for students. Aim. The objective of the service-learning methodological strategy was to strengthen the declared learning in the trajectories related to altruistic blood donation, along with establishing in students the social responsibility of becoming donors and promoters of donation as future health professionals, in coordination with a community partner. Subjects and methods. The activity was developed through talks to target communities. The students contacted the communities, prepared the material, and developed the activity. Evaluation was made through a survey of students, with statements that they had to answer according to a scale of 1 to 4, with 4 being the highest level of agreement. Results. The service-learning activity was evaluated by the students with a global average of 3.69. The best evaluated criterion was ‘the service-learning activity enhances the development of professional and social responsibility’, with a 3.86 grade point average. Conclusion. This teaching methodology improves the acquisition of knowledge belonging to disciplinary modules, and strengthens social commitment in students.

Introducción La metodología de aprendizaje-servicio se presenta como una herramienta educativa que permite responder integradamente a tres dimensiones: una académica, que posibilita mayores y mejores aprendizajes en los estudiantes; otra, la contribución real a la solución de problemas comunitarios, y finalmente, generar un espacio de formación en valores para los estudiantes. Objetivo. El objetivo de la estrategia metodológica de aprendizaje-servicio fue fortalecer los aprendizajes declarados en las trayectorias relacionados con la donación altruista de sangre, junto con instaurar en los estudiantes la responsabilidad social de hacerse donantes y promotores de la donación como futuros profesionales de la salud, en coordinación con un socio comunitario. Sujetos y métodos. La actividad se desarrolló a través de charlas a comunidades objetivo. Los estudiantes contactaron con las comunidades, prepararon el material y desarrollaron la actividad. Se hizo evaluación a través de una encuesta a los estudiantes, con aseveraciones que debían responder de acuerdo con una escala de 1 a 4, siendo 4 el mayor nivel de acuerdo. Resultados. La actividad de aprendizaje-servicio fue evaluada por los estudiantes con un promedio global de 3,69. El criterio mejor evaluado fue ‘la actividad de aprendizaje-servicio potencia el desarrollo de responsabilidad profesional y social’, con una media de 3,86. Conclusión. Esta metodología de enseñanza mejora la adquisición de saberes pertenecientes a módulos disciplinares y fortalece el compromiso social en los estudiantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan-tomato plant extract (C-TPE) edible coating (EC) applications on the physicochemical, microbiological, sensory and antioxidant capacity of chicken during storage. Edible coatings prepared with chitosan 1%, acetic acid 1%, glycerol and TPE (0.1 and 0.3%) were tested. The slices were submerged for 1 minute in different treatments (T1: C 1%; T2: C 1% + TPE 0.1%; T3: C 1% + TPE 0.3%; T4: control) and stored at 4 °C. At the end of the storage period, the treatments exhibited the greatest physicochemical and microbiological effects in the slices, reducing the microbial population relative to the control. The T2 treatment exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and overall acceptance. The results demonstrate that the application of C with the addition of a natural extract, such as those from the tomato plant, can be an alternative method for preserving chicken meat.

RESUMO Objetivo: O teste do suor (TS) mede os níveis de cloro no suor e é considerado o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico da fibrose cística (FC). Contudo, a confiabilidade do TS depende de sua realização por técnicos experientes e segundo diretrizes rígidas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar como são realizadas a estimulação e coleta do suor e a dosagem de cloro em 14 centros (9 públicos e 5 privados) que realizam TS rotineiramente no estado de São Paulo, que possui a maior frequência de FC do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de coorte transversal utilizando um questionário padronizado aplicado in loco ao pessoal responsável pela realização dos TS. Resultados: Não houve uniformidade entre os centros quanto aos procedimentos. A maioria dos centros não era aderente às diretrizes internacionais, especialmente quanto à coleta do suor (amostras insuficientes em 10-50% dos indivíduos testados), disponibilidade de equipamentos de estimulação (limitada em 2 centros), modernidade e certificação dos mesmos (a maioria utilizada há 3-23 anos) e protocolos escritos (ausentes em 12 centros). Avaliou-se o conhecimento sobre diretrizes para TS em apenas 1 centro. Conclusões: Nossos resultados mostram que, nos centros participantes, os TS estão muito distantes das diretrizes internacionalmente aceitas. Portanto, há necessidade urgente de padronização dos TS, de treinamento de pessoal qualificado e de aquisição/certificação de equipamentos adequados. Essas são condições essenciais para um diagnóstico confiável de FC, especialmente com a crescente demanda resultante da triagem neonatal em todo o país, e para a avaliação do possível benefício clínico do uso de moduladores.

ABSTRACT Objective: The sweat test (ST) measures chloride levels in sweat and is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the reliability of a ST depends on their being performed by experienced technicians and in accordance with strict guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate how sweat stimulation, sweat collection, and chloride measurement are performed at 14 centers (9 public centers and 5 private centers) that routinely perform STs in the state of São Paulo, which has the highest frequency of CF in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study, using a standardized questionnaire administered in loco to the staff responsible for conducting STs. Results: No uniformity regarding the procedures was found among the centers. Most centers were noncompliant with the international guidelines, especially regarding the collection of sweat (the samples were insufficient in 10-50% of the subjects tested); availability of stimulation equipment (which was limited at 2 centers); modernity and certification of stimulation equipment (most of the equipment having been used for 3-23 years); and written protocols (which were lacking at 12 centers). Knowledge of ST guidelines was evaluated at only 1 center. Conclusions: Our results show that STs largely deviate from internationally accepted guidelines at the participating centers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for standardization of STs, training of qualified personnel, and acquisition/certification of suitable equipment. These are essential conditions for a reliable diagnosis of CF, especially with the increasing demand due to newborn screening nationwide, and for the assessment of a possible clinical benefit from the use of modulator drugs.

Abstract Fish consumption has increased in recent years. However, fish meat is highly perishable, which demonstrates the need for technologies to preserve its quality. Edible coatings (EC) might provide an alternative to extend the shelf life of fish. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of EC of chitosan (C) in combination with carvacrol (CAR) on the physical and microbiological changes of tilapia fillets. Fillets were submerged for two minutes in different treatments (T1: control; T2: C 2%; T3: C 2% + 0.125% CAR; T 4: C 2% + 0.25% CAR). At the end of storage, T1 and T2 showed the lowest values of total volatile bases (TVB). The color parameters L*, a* and b* varied from each treatment. The texture decreased and the different treatments reduced the microbial population in relation to the control; T3 and T4 were the most effective. These results show that the use of C with CAR might be an alternative method to preserve the quality and safety of tilapia fillets.

Blood transfusion is an important process which aims to recover a blood component which has been lost or is deficient in a patient. In some situations, such as trauma or surgical accidents, large volumes are required to be restored. In this case we say, there is a massive transfusion, where a good therapeutic approach is relevant. In this type of transfusion, the principle which leads the transfusion therapy is «that benefits should overcome Risks» difficult to identify and assess, given the range of complications involved, in addition to the patient's clinical situation, which unfortunately exposes the therapeutic need to a massive transfusion. A review of massive transfusion, outlining the pathophysiology that triggers some of its most frequent complications, including: deterioration due to storage of blood products, coagulation disorders and metabolic disorders; relating them and establishing clearly that no isolated event occurs because one situation can be the cause of another. The therapeutic approach to patients undergoing massive transfusion is a medical challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary team for management, Due to the several changes that occur in patients, the basic and inherent in this type of transfusion.

La transfusión sanguínea es un importante procedimiento que pretende recuperar un componente sanguíneo que se ha perdido o está deficiente en un paciente. En algunas situaciones, como en traumas o accidentes quirúrgicos se requiere restablecer grandes volúmenes. En estas circunstancias, se habla de transfusión masiva, en donde es relevante un buen abordaje terapéutico. En esta modalidad de transfusión, el principio que rige la terapia transfusional «que los beneficios superen los riesgos» son difíciles de determinar y evaluar, dada la gama de complicaciones que conlleva, sumado a la situación clínica del paciente, que lamentablemente lo expone a la necesidad terapéutica de una transfusión masiva. Se hace una revisión sobre la transfusión masiva, esquematizando la fisiopatología que desencadena algunas de sus más frecuentes complicaciones, como son: alteraciones debidas al almacenamiento de los hemocomponentes, alteraciones de la coagulación y alteraciones metabólicas; relacionando éstas y estableciendo de manera clara que ningún evento se produce de manera aislada, ya que una situación puede ser la causa de otra. El abordaje terapéutico de los pacientes sometidos a transfusión masiva es un desafío médico, ya que requiere de un equipo multidisciplinario para su manejo, dada las variadas alteraciones que se producen en los pacientes, las de base, y las inherentes a esta modalidad de transfusión.

Background: among cardiovascular diseases (CVD) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is included, a disease that currently represents 30 % of total global deaths. The individual predisposition and the presence of traditional risk factors for CVD determine the occurrence of AMI, but there are individuals who suffer an AMI and without these factors. This could be explained by the presence of emerging risk factors, among which is the ABO system blood group. Aim: to assess the frequency of ABO blood group system in patients with AMI and to investigate the influence it could have on the risk of developing that condition. Methods: we selected 60 patients with a diagnosis of AMI and 60 with no history of AMI, to which were determined ABO group phenotype and genotype were determined. We used the Chi-square for association between ABO phenotype and the presence of AMI. The associated risk analysis was developed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95 %. Results: it was found that in individuals without AMI exists a frequency of 71.7 % of the phenotype «O» exists. In the category marked «No O» phenotypes including A, B and AB, an OR of 2.21 for MI (95% CI 1.04 to 4.72 p = 0.038) was obtained. In relation to genotype, individuals presenting with AMI heterozygous genotypes for allele OR have an OR of 3.17 (95% CI: 1.09 to 9.17 p = 0.034) compared to homozygous. It was established A group of low risk for MI associated with the phenotype-genotype homozygous O and a higher risk group consists of the phenotypes, genotypes A, B and AB was established.

Introducción: entre las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) se incluye el infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM), enfermedad que representa en la actualidad el 30 % del total de las defunciones mundiales. La predisposición individual y la presencia de factores de riesgo clásicos de ECV determinan la ocurrencia de un IAM; sin embargo, hay individuos que sufren un IAM y carecen de estos factores. Esto podría ser explicado por la presencia de factores de riesgo emergentes, entre los cuales encontramos al grupo sanguíneo ABO. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de los grupos del sistema sanguíneo ABO en pacientes con IAM y asociar la influencia que podría ejercer sobre el riesgo de padecer esta condición. Métodos: se seleccionaron 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de IAM y 60 sin antecedentes de IAM, a los cuales se les determinó el fenotipo y genotipo ABO. Se utilizó el Chi-cuadrado para establecer asociaciones entre el fenotipo ABO y la presencia de IAM. Los análisis de riesgo asociado fueron desarrollados calculando el odds ratio (OR) con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Resultados: se encontró que en los individuos sin IAM existe una frecuencia del 71,7 % del fenotipo «O». En la categoría indicada como «No O» que incluye los fenotipos A, B y AB, se obtuvo un OR de 2,21 para IAM (IC 95 %: 1,04-4,72 p=0,038). En relación con el genotipo, los individuos con IAM que presentan genotipos heterocigotos para el alelo O tienen un OR de 3,17 (IC95 %: 1,09-9,17 p=0,034) respecto a los homocigotos. Se pudo establecer un grupo de bajo riesgo para IAM asociado al fenotipo-genotipo homocigoto O y un grupo de mayor riesgo conformado por los fenotipos-genotipos A, B y AB.

The mobile blood collection at specific sites after the promotion of this activity is a way of obtaining voluntary donations and an effective way of recruitment of loyal donors. An opinion survey-type instrument to measure the quality of care to blood donors who go to mobile blood collection activities was presented. This instrument took into account several service attributes; it was validated on the basis of expert criteria and pilot tests. It was applied to donors seen in mobile blood collection activities that are carried out by the Regional Productive Center of Blood in Maule, Chile. From the analysis of the various dimensions, the personal treatment was the best evaluated one. Similarly, professional competency was the second best evaluated. Having one validated instrument in place allows determining the levels of quality of care, knowing the problems to be followed-up, suggesting actions for improvement and evaluating their evolution. The above-mentioned is aimed at having loyal donors.

Las colectas móviles en puntos específicos para recolectar sangre previa, promoción, son una forma de obtener la donación voluntaria y una vía eficaz de reclutamiento y fidelidad de donantes. Se presenta un instrumento tipo encuesta de opinión para medir la calidad de la atención en donantes de sangre que asisten a colectas móviles. Se construyó el instrumento que considera variados atributos del servicio. Se validó a través del juicio de expertos y prueba piloto. Se aplicó a donantes atendidos en colectas móviles realizadas por el Centro Productivo Regional de Sangre del Maule, Chile. Del análisis de las distintas dimensiones medidas, trato personal corresponde a la mejor evaluada. En otras dimensiones se destaca competencia profesional, como la segunda mejor evaluada. Contar con un instrumento validado permite determinar niveles de calidad de la atención, conocer problemas que deben ser objeto de seguimiento, proponer acciones de mejora y evaluar su evolución, con el propósito de lograr donantes fieles.

A review of the management of blood supply and its administration during disasters was conducted based on the experience of several events that occurred primarily from 2000-2010, particularly the earthquake that measured 8.8 on the Richter scale that struck central and southern Chile on 27 February 2010. The objective was to provide information that could be useful in improving response plans and strategies during potential future disasters. The descriptive information on response procedures was obtained from interviews, internal reports, and the computer database from the Maule regional blood production center. The results lead to the conclusion that to respond efficiently and effectively to the need for blood in the immediate wake of a disaster it is essential to have both a centralized management system that facilitates the supply and administration of blood and volunteers with competence in health that are willing to swiftly arrive during these events. A change in the profile of blood donors during such emergencies was also observed. In Chile, for example, during the two weeks after the earthquake, the ratio of male/female donors was reversed. There was 61.1% participation by women, whereas in the week before the event women accounted for only 37%.

Se realizó una revisión de la gestión del abastecimiento y suministro de sangre durante desastres a partir de las experiencias de diversos eventos ocurridos principalmente en la primera década de este siglo, y en particular el terremoto grado 8,8 en la escala de Richter que afectó la zona centro sur de Chile el 27 de febrero de 2010. El objetivo fue proporcionar información que pueda ser útil para mejorar las estrategias y planes de respuesta durante potenciales desastres futuros. La información descriptiva sobre los procedimientos de respuesta se obtuvo mediante entre-vistas, reportes internos y la base de datos del sistema informático del Centro Productivo Regional de Sangre del Maule. Los resultados permiten concluir que para responder de manera eficiente y efectiva a las necesidades de sangre inmediatamente después de un desastre es de importancia clave tener un sistema centralizado de gestión que facilite el abastecimiento y el suministro de sangre y con-tar con personal voluntario competente en salud que esté dispuesto a acudir con celeridad durante estos eventos. Asimismo, se ha observado que durante dichas emergencias se produce un cambio en el perfil de quienes donan sangre. En Chile, por ejemplo, durante las dos semanas siguientes al terremoto la razón hombre/mujer en los donantes se invirtió, con 61,1% de participación por parte de las mujeres, quienes en la semana previa al evento representaban a solo 37%.

In problems based-education it is possible to achieve a construction of structured knowledge, students develop abilities allowing him a effective self-learning, increases the satisfaction and the motivation to learn and also to develop teamwork competences and communication skills. Aim of present paper is to show the methodological development of cases-analysis as a formative strategy in Immunohematology and transfusion medicine. In problems resolution must to be trained the abilities and exploration of the knowledges being taught. Methodology is summarized as follows: (a) a case presentation with key questions, b) peer discussion, search of general information and request of own information, c) information supply bi professors, d) case resolution and presentation, oral presentation and response to question marks asked by students and professors about the topic. The fundamental academic objective it is not the problem resolution but that learning obtained throughout its resolutions process encouraging the learning of the concepts own of the problem and teaches a method to approach situations in the practice and develops a responsible and determined attitude to resolve the problem.

En la instrucción basada en problemas, se logra una construcción del conocimiento estructurado, se desarrollan en el alumno habilidades que le permiten un autoaprendizaje eficaz, aumenta la satisfacción y la motivación por aprender y desarrolla competencias de trabajo en equipo y destreza para la comunicación. En este trabajo se expone el desarrollo metodológico de análisis de casos como estrategia formativa en cursos de Inmunohematología y Medicina Transfusional. Los problemas se diseñan para que en su resolución se ejerciten habilidades y se exploren los conocimientos que se pretenden enseñar. La metodología se sintetiza: a) presentación del caso con preguntas claves, b) discusión entre pares, búsqueda de información general y solicitud de información particular, c) entrega por parte de los docentes de información, d) resolución del caso y presentación. Para la evaluación se considera: la organización durante el proceso de resolución del caso, la presentación oral y la respuesta a interrogantes formuladas por estudiantes y docentes sobre el tema. El objetivo académico primordial no es la resolución del problema sino que el aprendizaje que se obtiene a lo largo del proceso de resolución del mismo, estimular el aprendizaje de conceptos que el problema saca a colación, aprender un método para abordar situaciones en la práctica y desarrollar una actitud responsable y resuelta hacia la solución de problemas.

One of the main pillars of the transfusion safety is the blood collection from altruistic donors. Blood collection using mobile equipments is a strategy favoring this type of donations. In present paper are described the strategies and the results obtained in execution of mobile collections performed in a university training center. Collections were organized together between the blood center and the Medical Technologic School from the Talca University. Activity was carried out with students who were organized in different commissions. Over a period of 5 years, 9 collections were performed achieving 352 volunteer selected donors, from which the 16% was of repeated donors. We concluded that execution of mobile blood collections in higher education community is a good strategy to increase the percentage of blood obtained from volunteer donors.

Uno de los pilares fundamentales de la seguridad transfusional es la obtención de sangre a partir de donantes altruistas. Las colectas de sangre con equipos móviles es una estrategia que favorece este tipo de donaciones. En este artículo se describen las estrategias y los resultados obtenidos en la ejecución de colectas móviles realizadas en un centro de formación universitaria. Las colectas se organizaron conjuntamente entre el centro de sangre y la Escuela de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad de Talca. La actividad se realizó con alumnos, quienes se organizaron en distintas comisiones. Durante un periodo de 6 años se realizaron 9 colectas y se lograron 352 donantes seleccionados voluntarios, de los cuales el 16 % correspondió a donantes repetidos. Se concluye que la ejecución de colectas de sangre móviles en comunidades de educación superior es una buena estrategia para incrementar el porcentaje de sangre obtenida desde donantes voluntarios.