Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a trajetória histórica, incluindo os avanços e os desafios, da integração ensino-serviço no processo de formação médica. Diante deste contexto, por meio de estudos científicos indexados em bases de dados, foi realizada uma revisão crítica da literatura a partir da busca por trabalhos considerados referência até o momento atual. A maioria dos artigos consultados trata de material referencial sobre o tema publicado em periódicos científicos indexados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. A busca evidenciou que foi a partir da década de 1970 que o país passou por experiências transformadoras nos campos da saúde e educação e, desde então, a integração ensino-serviço aproximou as universidades e as instituições de saúde por meio da reorganização do ensino e da assistência à saúde. Apesar dos avanços significativos, principalmente na última década, ainda há desafios a serem superados na integração destes diferentes mundos, um deles é a criação e a implementação de instrumentos de gestão como o Contrato Organizativo da Ação Pública Ensino Saúde (COAPES), capazes de suportar a complexidade deste processo.

Abstract This paper aimed to characterize the historical trajectory, including the advances and challenges, of the teaching-service integration in the medical training process. In this context, through scientific studies indexed in databases, a critical review of the literature was performed from the search for works of reference until the present moment. Most of the works consulted were reference material on the topic published in scientific journals and indexed in the databases of the Virtual Health Library. The search evidenced that the country underwent transformative experiences in the fields of health and education in the 1970’s and, since then, the teaching-service integration has drawn universities and health institutions closer through the reorganization of education and healthcare. Despite the progress achieved mainly in the last decade, there are challenges to overcome in the integration of these different worlds, of one which is the creation and implementation of management tools such as the Organizing Contract for Public Health Education Action (COAPES), capable of withstanding the complexity of this process.

Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a trajetória histórica, incluindo os avanços e os desafios, da integração ensino-serviço no processo de formação médica. Diante deste contexto, por meio de estudos científicos indexados em bases de dados, foi realizada uma revisão crítica da literatura a partir da busca por trabalhos considerados referência até o momento atual. A maioria dos artigos consultados trata de material referencial sobre o tema publicado em periódicos científicos indexados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. A busca evidenciou que foi a partir da década de 1970 que o país passou por experiências transformadoras nos campos da saúde e educação e, desde então, a integração ensino-serviço aproximou as universidades e as instituições de saúde por meio da reorganização do ensino e da assistência à saúde. Apesar dos avanços significativos, principalmente na última década, ainda há desafios a serem superados na integração destes diferentes mundos, um deles é a criação e a implementação de instrumentos de gestão como o Contrato Organizativo da Ação Pública Ensino Saúde (COAPES), capazes de suportar a complexidade deste processo.

Abstract This paper aimed to characterize the historical trajectory, including the advances and challenges, of the teaching-service integration in the medical training process. In this context, through scientific studies indexed in databases, a critical review of the literature was performed from the search for works of reference until the present moment. Most of the works consulted were reference material on the topic published in scientific journals and indexed in the databases of the Virtual Health Library. The search evidenced that the country underwent transformative experiences in the fields of health and education in the 1970’s and, since then, the teaching-service integration has drawn universities and health institutions closer through the reorganization of education and healthcare. Despite the progress achieved mainly in the last decade, there are challenges to overcome in the integration of these different worlds, of one which is the creation and implementation of management tools such as the Organizing Contract for Public Health Education Action (COAPES), capable of withstanding the complexity of this process.

Abstract Hoplias malabaricus is a common fish species occurring in white, black and clear water rivers of the Amazon basin. Its large distribution across distinct aquatic environments can pose stressful conditions for dispersal and creates possibilities for the emergence of local adaptive profiles. We investigated the chromosomal localization of repetitive DNA markers (constitutive heterochromatin, rDNA and the transposable element REX-3) in populations from the Amazonas river (white water), the Negro river (black water) and the Tapajós river (clear water), in order to address the variation/association of cytogenomic features and environmental conditions. We found a conserved karyotypic macrostructure with a diploid number of 40 chromosomes (20 metacentrics + 20 submetacentrics) in all the samples. Heteromorphism in pair 14 was detected as evidence for the initial differentiation of an XX/XY system. Minor differences detected in the amount of repetitive DNA markers are interpreted as possible signatures of local adaptations to distinct aquatic environments.

Comparative cytogenetic analyses of hatchetfishes Carnegiella marthae and Carnegiella strigata (Gasteropelecidae) from the Rio Negro basin were performed using conventional Giemsa staining, silver (Ag) -staining and C-banding. The diploid chromosome numbers of both species equaled 2n = 50 but their karyotypes were distinct. We found evidence for sex chromosomes in C. marthae since karyotype of males presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZZ ST chromosomes while the females presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZW ST chromosomes of distinct size. Conversely, C. strigata presented 4 M + 4 SM + 2 ST + 40 A chromosomes without sex chromosome heteromorphism. Karyotypes of both species had two NOR-bearing SM chromosomes of distinct size indicating the presence of multiple NOR phenotypes. The sex chromosome pair had specific C-banding pattern allowing identification of both Z and W. This heteromorphic system has previously been described for the gasteropelecids.