RESUMO: Em geral, alelopatia pode ser definido como o processo biológico no qual um organismo produz metabolitos que alteram a germinação, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e a reprodução de outros organismos, influenciando a estabilidade de agroecossistemas. O colesterol, o mais abundante esterol isolado da alga vermelha marinha Plocamium brasiliense, foi estudado quanto ao seu potencial efeito inibitório na germinação de sementes, alongamento das radículas e desenvolvimento do hipocótilo das ervas daninhas Mimosa pudica (malicia) e Senna obtusifolia (mata-pasto). Colesterol foi isolado do extrato em Hexano por métodos cromatográficos. Durante 15 dias, os bioensaios de germinação foram realizados a 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas, enquanto os bioensaio de alongamento da radícula e do hipocótilo foram realizados a 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 24 horas. Posteriormente, placas de Petri de 9,0 cm de diâmetro foram revestidas de papelfiltro, e 25 sementes foram mantidas em câmaras de germinação, enquanto seis sementes pré-germinadas foram postas em placas de Petri por 2-3 dias. Após dez dias, a extensão da radícula e do hipocótilo foi medida. O potencial inibitório do colesterol foi avaliado a 5, 10, 15 e 20 ppm. Em ambas as ervas M. pudica e S. obtusifolia, foram afetadas significativamente pela ação do cholesterol alcançando maiores percentuais de inibição na germinação das sementes (50% e 33%, respectivamente), alongamento da radícula (68% e 60%, respectivamente) e desenvolvimento do hipocótilo (66% e 55%, respectivamente). Os efeitos inibitórios foram dose-dependentes em todos os experimentos, tendo efeitos alelopaticos mais acentuados a 20 ppm. RESUMO geral crescimento organismos agroecossistemas brasiliense malicia (malicia matapasto. matapasto mata pasto . (mata-pasto) cromatográficos 1 dias 2 horas Posteriormente 90 9 0 9, papelfiltro prégerminadas pré germinadas 23 3 2- medida 5 10 ppm M S 50% 50 (50 33 33% respectivamente, respectivamente , 68% 68 (68 60 60% 66% 66 (66 55 55% respectivamente. dosedependentes dose dependentes experimentos (mata-pasto (5 6 (6 (

ABSTRACT: In general, allelopathy can be defined as a biological process by which an organism produces one or more metabolites that can change the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms, and thus influencing the stability of agroecosystems. Cholesterol is a very abundant sterol isolated from the marine red alga Plocamium brasiliense that has been studied regarding its potential inhibitory effects on seed germination, radicle elongation, and hypocotyl development of the weeds Mimosa pudica (malicia) and Senna obtusifolia (mata-pasto). Cholesterol was isolated from a hexane extract by chromatographic methods. Over a 15-day period, germination bioassays were performed at 25 ºC with a 12-h photoperiod. Radicle elongation and hypocotyl development were assayed at 25 ºC with a 24-h photoperiod. Later, Petri dishes 9.0 cm in diameter were coated with filter paper, and 25 seeds were placed in a germination chamber. Six pre-germinated seeds were placed in the Petri dish for 2-3 days. After 10 days, radicle and hypocotyl extensions were measured, and the inhibitory potential of cholesterol was assessed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm. In both herbs, M. pudica and S. obtusifolia, they were significantly affected by the action of cholesterol, achieving higher percentages of inhibition in seed germination (50% and 33%, respectively), radical germination (68% and 60%, respectively), and hypocotyl development (66% and 55%, respectively). The inhibition effects were dose-dependent in all experiments, having more pronounced allelopathic effects at 20ppm. ABSTRACT general growth survival organisms agroecosystems malicia (malicia matapasto. matapasto mata pasto . (mata-pasto) methods 15day day 15 period 2 12h h 12 photoperiod 24h 24 Later 90 9 0 9. paper chamber pregerminated pre germinated 23 3 2- days 1 measured 5 ppm herbs M S 50% 50 (50 33 33% respectively, respectively , respectively) 68% 68 (68 60 60% 66% 66 (66 55 55% respectively. dosedependent dose dependent experiments 20ppm (mata-pasto (5 6 (6 (

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL−1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols. Theobroma Schum. Schum cupulate chocolatelike chocolate like product biocompounds microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE pressuretemperature pressure temperature (HPTE byproducts. byproducts by products. products BoxBehnken Box Behnken 3 solidliquid solid liquid ratio concentration antiradical anti radical 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulphonic 2,2 azino bis ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic 2 acid method flavonoids 65 m/v mv m v (m/v 4 003 0 03 0.0 mL1 mL 1 mL− −epicatechin epicatechin − −epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechingallate epigallocatechin gallate percolation byproducts, products, solvent Thus source 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobis 22 2, 00 0.

Over the last two decades, metabolomics has emerged as a pivotal tool in multidisciplinary research, providing invaluable insights into metabolome modulations and finding applications across various scientific domains, including medicine and agronomy. Nonetheless, the absence of standardized procedures in sample preparation, data acquisition, and documentation of data quality presents a significant challenge. This review underscores the critical importance of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) in untargeted metabolomics, advocating for the establishment of agreed-upon QA/QC reporting standards within the scientific community. We discuss the requisite quality controls at various stages of untargeted metabolomics studies, encompassing blank samples, pooled samples, and the utilization of external quality control samples. Methods for assessing accuracy, reproducibility, and identifying/correcting batch effects are addressed. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on standardizing the description of QA/QC data in scientific publications and repositories to foster reproducibility and transparency. We recommend the publication of QC data alongside studies in appropriate databases to facilitate data comparison and sharing among researchers, thereby enhancing the quality of untargeted metabolomics research. In summary, implementing standardized QA/QC data reporting, along with promoting best practices within the untargeted metabolomics community, is crucial for improving result quality and credibility and advancing research utilizing this powerful technique. decades domains agronomy Nonetheless preparation acquisition challenge QAQC QA (QA/QC agreedupon agreed upon community samples accuracy identifyingcorrecting identifying correcting addressed Furthermore transparency researchers summary technique

Methods used to determine pesticide residues in teas typically require several laborious steps for sample preparation before analysis. In this study, a simple method based on solid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning (SLE/LTP) and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized and validated for the determination of pesticide residues (pirimiphos-methyl, flutriafol, cyproconazole, and bifenthrin) in dehydrated green tea leaves. After low-temperature partitioning (LTP), the extract in acetonitrile was subjected to a clean-up step using primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecylsilane (C18) as sorbents for chlorophyll removal. The optimized SLE/LTP-GC-MS method was validated, and it proved to be effective and selective for extracting pesticides from green tea samples, presenting limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.015 and 0.050 mg kg-1, respectively. Recovery ranged between 81-111%, coefficients of variation were less than 16% and coefficients of determination (R2) were greater than 0.990. The optimized and validated method was applied to green tea and 13 other tea varieties sampled in South and Southeast regions of Brazil. The pesticides under study were detected in some of those samples at values higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) allowed by the European Union. solidliquid solid liquid lowtemperature low temperature SLE/LTP SLELTP SLE LTP (SLE/LTP GCMS GC MS (GC-MS pirimiphosmethyl, pirimiphosmethyl pirimiphos methyl, methyl (pirimiphos-methyl flutriafol cyproconazole bifenthrin leaves LTP, , (LTP) cleanup clean up PSA (PSA C18 C (C18 removal SLE/LTPGCMS SLELTPGCMS LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 0015 0 015 0.01 0050 050 0.05 kg1, kg1 kg 1, 1 kg-1 respectively 81111%, 81111 81 111%, 111 81-111% 16 R2 R (R2 0990 990 0.990 Brazil MRLs (MRLs Union (LTP C1 (C1 LTPGCMS 001 01 0.0 005 05 kg- 81111% 8111 8 111% 11 81-111 (R 099 99 0.99 (C 00 0. 811 81-11 09 9 0.9 81-1 81-

This study details the preparation, antileishmanial assay, and in silico analysis of twenty 2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3-triazolyl)propyl vanillin derivatives. These compounds were synthesized in three steps and evaluated against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. Compounds 3s and 3t were the most effective, showing good activity against all Leishmania species tested. Molecular docking indicated that all compounds bind favorably to the sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme from L. infantum. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) analysis indicated good oral bioavailability, non blood-brain barrier penetration, and high gastrointestinal absorption. Posaconazole and compounds 3e, 3s, and 3t remained stable in the CYP51 binding region during 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) analyses from the MD trajectory revealed significant conformational fluctuations of the CYP51 N-terminal, suggesting occasional expulsion of 3e, potentially explaining its higher IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values. Pairwise decomposition analyses from molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations highlighted the importance of hydrophobic residues in interacting with the synthesized derivatives. preparation assay 2hydroxy31,2,3triazolylpropyl 2hydroxy3123triazolylpropyl hydroxytriazolylpropyl 2 hydroxy 3 1,2,3 triazolyl propyl 1 derivatives infantum amazonensis promastigotes s t effective tested 14αdemethylase αdemethylase 14α demethylase α CYP (CYP51 L absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity bioavailability bloodbrain blood brain penetration 3e e CYP5 10 (MD simulations RMSD (RMSD RMSF (RMSF Nterminal, Nterminal N terminal, terminal N-terminal IC IC5 halfmaximal half maximal concentration values PoissonBoltzmann Poisson Boltzmann MM/PBSA MMPBSA MM PBSA (MM/PBSA 2hydroxy31 3triazolylpropyl triazolylpropyl 123 1,2, (CYP5 2hydroxy3 12 1,2 (CYP 2hydroxy 1,

Asphaltene aggregation mechanism is still a nebulous and controversial issue. Many authors argue that the aggregation of its components is due to π-stacking interactions, nonetheless, alkyl chains, heteroatoms, and even acidic groups are also constituents of asphaltenes and can play an important role in the chemistry of asphaltene. Excimers from pyrene are easily detected by fluorescence and were used in the current study to probe the effect of the side chain on the π-stacking capacity of pyrene. Pyrene was acylated with acyl chains varying from two to twelve carbon atoms, and the effect of the variation of the acyl chain length on excimer formation was followed by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results revealed that as the side chain grows from two to twelve carbon atoms the excimer/monomer ratio decreases and the excimer heat of formation drops from ΔH = -6.00 to -1.29 kcal mol-1. Further, the crystal structure of octanoyl pyrene (PC8) indicates that in the crystal structure, the aromatic moiety faces the acyl chain. This result was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the results were compared with two different asphaltenes and indicate that π-stacking cannot be assumed as the main driving force for asphaltene aggregation. issue πstacking π stacking interactions nonetheless heteroatoms spectroscopy excimermonomer monomer 6.00 600 6 00 -6.0 1.29 129 1 29 -1.2 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 Further PC8 PC (PC8 DFT (DFT calculations Finally 6.0 60 0 -6. 1.2 12 2 -1. mol- (PC 6. -6 -1 -

Abstract Physical activity shows benefits in cognitive function and the prevention and treatment of depression in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy ones. So, the purpose of this study was to compare cognitive function and depressive symptoms in two groups: a group of older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and a group of older adults without neurodegenerative diseases, by sex and level of physical activity. The sample was 30 participants divided into two groups: 15 participants with Alzheimer’s disease and 15 participants without neurodegenerative diseases. The instruments used were the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results revealed that older persons with Alzheimer’s disease exhibit a more significant impairment of cognitive skills (p = .001) and a higher incidence of depressive symptoms (p = .001) compared to older persons without neurodegenerative diseases, with no differences between sex (p > .05). Results show that active older person had higher scores in cognitive abilities (p = .001) and a lower incidence of depression (p = .001). It seems that Alzheimer’s disease, typically associated with cognitive abilities decline and incidence of depressive symptoms, and physical activity influence cognitive performance and depressive symptoms in older people with Alzheimer’s disease and without dementia.

Resumo A atividade física demonstra benefícios na função cognitiva e na prevenção e tratamento da depressão em idosos com doença de Alzheimer e em idosos saudáveis. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a função cognitiva e os sintomas depressivos em dois grupos: um grupo de idosos com doença de Alzheimer e um grupo de idosos sem doenças neurodegenerativas, por sexo e nível de atividade física. A amostra foi de 30 participantes divididos em dois grupos: 15 participantes com doença de Alzheimer e 15 participantes sem doenças neurodegenerativas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MMSE). Os resultados revelaram que os idosos com doença de Alzheimer apresentam um comprometimento mais significativo das capacidades cognitivas (p = .001) e uma maior incidência de sintomas depressivos (p = .001) em comparação com idosos sem doenças neurodegenerativas, sem diferenças entre sexos (p > .05). Os resultados mostram que os idosos ativos tiveram pontuações mais elevadas nas capacidades cognitivas (p = .001) e uma menor incidência de depressão (p = .001). Parece que a doença de Alzheimer, tipicamente associada ao declínio das capacidades cognitivas e à incidência de sintomas depressivos, e a atividade física influenciam o desempenho cognitivo e os sintomas depressivos em idosos com doença de Alzheimer e sem demência.

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of a cognitive stimulation program on older adults diagnosed with dementia. The sample comprised 22 participants aged 73-95, randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 12) and a control group (N = 10). While no statistically significant decreases were observed in the studied dimensions, clinically relevant gains were noted: 41.70% in cognition, 41.60% in quality of life, and 8.3% in functional skills. Although no therapeutic interventions have successfully reversed dementia, healthcare providers reported improvements in participants’ social interactions, behaviors, and engagement in daily institutional routines. These observations suggest tangible benefits from program participation. It’s important to note that staff working closely with these patients daily observed these improvements despite the lack of statistically significant results. This discrepancy highlights the potential limitations of relying solely on quantitative measures to assess such interventions’ effectiveness. In conclusion, the cognitive stimulation program shows promise as a potential tool for slowing dementia-associated degenerative processes, particularly in areas that standard quantitative assessments may not fully capture. Further research with larger sample sizes and more sensitive measures may be warranted to fully understand the program’s impact.

Resumo O presente estudo visou avaliar o impacto de um programa de estimulação cognitiva em idosos diagnosticados com demência. A amostra foi composta por 22 participantes com idades entre os 73 e os 95 anos, divididos aleatoriamente num grupo experimental (N = 12) e num grupo de controlo (N = 10). Embora não se tenham observado diminuições estatisticamente significativas nas dimensões estudadas, registaram-se ganhos clinicamente relevantes: 41.70% na cognição, 41.60% na qualidade de vida e 8.3% nas competências funcionais. Apesar de não existirem intervenções terapêuticas que tenham revertido com sucesso a demência, os profissionais de saúde relataram melhorias nas interações sociais dos participantes, nos seus comportamentos e no envolvimento nas rotinas institucionais diárias. Estas observações sugerem benefícios tangíveis da participação no programa. É importante notar que os funcionários que trabalham diariamente com estes pacientes observaram estas melhorias, apesar da ausência de resultados estatisticamente significativos. Esta discrepância realça as potenciais limitações de se depender exclusivamente de medidas quantitativas na avaliação da eficácia de tais intervenções. Em conclusão, o programa de estimulação cognitiva mostra-se promissor como uma ferramenta potencial para retardar os processos degenerativos associados à demência, particularmente em áreas que podem não ser totalmente captadas por avaliações quantitativas padrão. Investigações adicionais com amostras maiores e medidas mais sensíveis poderão ser justificadas para compreender plenamente o impacto do programa.

RESUMO Estudos sobre a utilização de águas salobras na irrigação de espécies ornamentais ainda são escassos, principalmente considerando aspectos qualitativos das plantas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a tolerância à salinidade e caracterizar as respostas espectrais foliares de espécies ornamentais herbáceas na fase de produção de mudas para comercialização. O experimento foi realizado no período de dezembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, em casa de vegetação, em Fortaleza - Ceará, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas por níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,5; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1), e as subparcelas pelas espécies Catharanthus roseus, Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa e Chrysanthemum coronarium, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas produção de matéria seca, análise sensorial visual, tolerância à salinidade e respostas espectrais foliares. A qualidade visual foi mantida até 2,0 dS m-1 para a espécie Chrysanthemum coronarium e até 4,0 dS m-1 para as espécies Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa e Catharanthus roseus, sendo as especies classificadas como moderadamente tolerantes nas respectivas salinidades. A salinidade provocou alterações notórias nas respostas espectrais foliares, principalmente na região do visível. escassos plantas Portanto comercialização 202 2021 vegetação Ceará Brasil casualizados subdivididas 0,5 05 0 5 (0,5 20 2 40 4 60 6 6, 80 8 8, m1, m1 m 1 , m-1) roseus cristata repetições seca 2, m- 4, salinidades visível 0, (0, (0 (

ABSTRACT Studies on using brackish water for the irrigation of ornamental species are still scarce, mainly considering qualitative aspects of the plants. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify salt tolerance and characterize leaf spectral responses of herbaceous ornamental species at the stage of commercial seedling production. The research was carried out from December 2020 to February 2021, under greenhouse conditions, in Fortaleza - Ceará, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plots, with main plots consisting of irrigation-water salinity levels (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m-1), and subplots by the species Catharanthus roseus, Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa, and Chrysanthemum coronarium, with four replications. The evaluation parameters were dry mass production, visual sensory analysis, salt tolerance, and leaf spectral responses. Plant visual quality was maintained up to 2.0 dS m-1 for Chrysanthemum coronarium and 4.0 dS m-1 for Celosia cristata, Celosia plumosa, and Catharanthus roseus, which were classified as moderately tolerant at those respective salinity levels. Salinity caused noticeable changes in leaf spectral responses, especially in the visible region. scarce plants Therefore production 202 2021 conditions Ceará Brazil irrigationwater 0.5, 05 0 5 (0.5 20 2 40 4 60 6 6.0 80 8 8. m1, m1 m 1 , m-1) roseus cristata plumosa replications analysis 2. m- 4. region 0.5 (0. 6. 0. (0 (

Resumo A restauração florestal é baseada nas relações planta-solo e espécies vegetais com potencial econômico, mas aquelas entre insetos e outros artópodes são, também, importantes para esse processo. O objetivo foi avaliar as relações entre formigas, fitófagos Hemiptera e predadores e a distribuição (agregada, aleatória ou regular) de artrópodes, por 24 meses, em mudas de Acacia auriculiformis utilizadas na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Os artrópodes foram amostrados, armazenados e identificados e suas relações e padrões de distribuição calculados com o software BioDiversity-Pro. Os números de formigas cuidadoras se correlacionaram, positivamente, com os dos Hemiptera fitófagos Aethalion reticulatum, Brachymyrmex sp. e Cephalotes e Aleyrodidae. Insetos cuidadores de Hemiptera foram, negativamente, correlacionados com predadores Sternorrhyncha em plantas de A. auriculiformis. A distribuição dos artrópodes foi agregada, exceto Teudis sp. e Cephalocoema sp., com padrão aleatório. Aethalion reticulatum, Stereoma anchoralis e Tetragonisca angustula foram os herbívoros e Brachymyrmex sp. e Dolichopodidae os predadores mais abundantes. As relações entre os artrópodes estudados em A. auriculiformis indicam que esta planta, mesmo introduzida, é adequada para programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas no cerrado.

Abstract Forest restoration is mainly based on plant-soil relationships and plant species with economic potential, but those between insects and other arthropods are also important to this reestablishment. The objective was to evaluate, during 24 months, the relationships between tending ants, Hemiptera phytophagous, predators and their distribution pattern (aggregated, random or uniform). The arthropods were sampled, stored and identified and their relationships and distribution patterns calculated with the BioDiversity-Pro software. The number of tending ants and phytophagous Hemiptera, Brachymyrmex sp. and Aethalion reticulatum, Cephalotes and Aleyrodidae were positively correlated. Tending ants were negatively correlated with Sternorrhyncha predators on A. auriculiformis saplings. The distribution of arthropods was aggregated, except for Teudis sp. and Cephalocoema sp., with a random pattern. The herbivores Stereoma anchoralis, Aethalion reticulatum and Tetragonisca angustula and the predators Brachymyrmex sp. and Dolichopodidae were the most abundant arthropods. The relationships between the arthropods studied on A. auriculiformis indicate that this plant, even introduced, is suitable for programs to recover degraded areas in the savannah.

RESUMO: Distúrbios do trato reprodutivo masculino (DTRMs) são comuns em equídeos e podem representar uma proporção significativa da casuística de hipiatras. Determinamos a frequência, os achados clínico-patológicos e a terapêutica de DTRMs em equídeos a partir de um levantamento de nove anos dos registros clínicos em um Hospital Veterinário no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Nesse período, 87 equinos afetados apresentaram 100 DTRMs distribuídos em 17 diagnósticos diferentes. Quarenta e três (49,4%) equídeos apresentaram DTRM afetando a glande peniana ou pregas de pele prepucial. Distúrbios dos testículos, escroto e cordão espermático foram diagnosticados em 32 (36,8%) equinos. Dos 12 (13,8%) equinos restantes, seis apresentaram dois DTRMs diferentes em duas áreas anatômicas distintas, e cinco animais exibiram a mesma doença em duas localizações anatômicas diferentes. Apenas um cavalo apresentou três DTRMs distintas em duas regiões anatômicas. A habronemíase foi a DTRM mais frequente detectada em 26% dos diagnósticos, seguida por feridas diversas (14%), criptorquidismo (13%), hérnia inguinal (13%), funiculite (9%), parafimose (6%), carcinoma de células escamosas (5%), uretrolitíase (3%), abscessos prepuciais e orquite (2% cada). Fimose, postite ulcerativa, epididimite, hidrocele, papilomatose, teratoma e torção testicular representaram 1% cada. Sessenta e três (72,5%) equídeos receberam alta hospitalar, 18 (20,6%) foram sacrificados humanitariamente e seis (6,9%) morreram. Este estudo detectou as DTRMs mais relevantes que afetaram 7,5% dos pacientes em um levantamento de 1.154 equídeos encaminhados para atendimento hospitalar. Este achado destaca que as DTRMs podem ser condições debilitantes e com risco de morte, e podem impactar potencialmente a reprodução de equídeos na região. Este conhecimento pode ajudar os hipiatras a elaborar protocolos sanitários e de manejo adequados para prevenir e reduzir a incidência da maioria das DTRMs registradas, melhorando a produção e o bem-estar dos equídeos. RESUMO (DTRMs frequência clínicopatológicos clínico patológicos CentroOeste Centro Oeste Brasil período 8 10 1 49,4% 494 49 4 (49,4% prepucial testículos 3 36,8% 368 36 (36,8% 13,8% 138 13 (13,8% restantes 26 14%, 14 14% , (14%) 13%, 13% (13%) 9%, 9 9% (9%) 6%, 6 6% (6%) 5%, 5 5% (5%) 3%, 3% (3%) 2% 2 (2 cada . cada) Fimose ulcerativa epididimite hidrocele papilomatose 72,5% 725 72 (72,5% hospitalar 20,6% 206 20 (20,6% 6,9% 69 (6,9% morreram 75 7 7,5 1154 154 1.15 morte região registradas bemestar bem estar 49,4 (49,4 36,8 (36,8 13,8 (13,8 (14% (13% (9% (6% (5% (3% ( 72,5 (72,5 20,6 (20,6 6,9 (6,9 7, 115 15 1.1 49, (49, 36, (36, 13, (13, (14 (13 (9 (6 (5 (3 72, (72, 20, (20, 6, (6, 11 1. (49 (36 (1 (72 (20 (4 (7

ABSTRACT: Male reproductive tract disorders (MRTDs) are common in equids and may represent a significant proportion of the caseload of equine practitioners. Herein, we determined the frequency, clinico-pathological findings, and therapeutics of MRTDs in equids from a 9-year survey of the clinical records of a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Midwestern Brazil. During this period, 87 affected equids presented 100 MRTDs distributed in 17 different diagnoses. Forty-three (49.4%) equids presented MRTDs affecting the glans penis or preputial skin fold. Testicles, scrotum, and spermatic cords disorders were diagnosed in 32 (36.8%) horses. Of the remaining 12 (13.8%) horses, six presented two different MRTDs on two distinct anatomical areas, and five animals exhibited the same disease, affecting two different anatomical locations. Only one horse presented three distinct MRTDs on two anatomical regions. Habronemiasis was the most frequent MRTD detected in 26% of the diagnoses, followed by miscellaneous wounds (14%), cryptorchidism (13%), inguinal hernia (13%), funiculitis (9%), paraphimosis (6%), squamous cell carcinoma (5%), urethrolithiasis (3%), preputial abscesses, and orchitis (2% each). Phimosis, ulcerative posthitis, epididymitis, hydrocele, papillomatosis, teratoma, and testicular torsion accounted for 1% each. Sixty-three (72.5%) equids received hospital discharge, 18 (20.6%) were humanely euthanized, and six (6.9%) died. This study detected the most relevant MRTDs that affected over 7.5% in a survey of 1,154 equids referred for hospital care. Our finding highlights that MRTDs may be debilitating and life-threatening conditions, and they can potentially impact the reproduction of equids in the region. This knowledge may support equine practitioners in elaborating proper sanitary and management protocols to prevent and reduce the incidence of most MRTDs recorded, improving equid production and welfare. ABSTRACT (MRTDs Herein frequency clinicopathological clinico pathological findings 9year year 9 Brazil period 8 10 1 diagnoses Fortythree Forty 49.4% 494 49 4 (49.4% fold Testicles scrotum 3 36.8% 368 36 (36.8% horses 13.8% 138 13 (13.8% areas disease locations regions 26 14%, 14 14% , (14%) 13%, 13% (13%) 9%, 9% (9%) 6%, 6 6% (6%) 5%, 5 5% (5%) 3%, 3% (3%) abscesses 2% 2 (2 each . each) Phimosis posthitis epididymitis hydrocele papillomatosis teratoma Sixtythree Sixty 72.5% 725 72 (72.5% discharge 20.6% 206 20 (20.6% euthanized 6.9% 69 (6.9% died 75 7 7.5 1154 154 1,15 care lifethreatening life threatening conditions region recorded welfare 49.4 (49.4 36.8 (36.8 13.8 (13.8 (14% (13% (9% (6% (5% (3% ( 72.5 (72.5 20.6 (20.6 6.9 (6.9 7. 115 15 1,1 49. (49. 36. (36. 13. (13. (14 (13 (9 (6 (5 (3 72. (72. 20. (20. 6. (6. 11 1, (49 (36 (1 (72 (20 (4 (7

Resumo A busca por alimentos mais seguros levou a uma maior atenção da pesquisa para encontrar alternativas naturais aos aditivos sintéticos usados na indústria alimentícia. Os conservantes naturais, como os óleos essenciais (OE) de plantas, podem aumentar a conservação dos peixes e até afetar positivamente a saúde humana. Portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do OE de Mentha piperita nas características físico-químicas e concentração de microrganismos em carne resfriada de tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus brachypomum). O OE de M. piperita foi preparado em três concentrações (0%, 0,25% e 0,50%) em solução contendo água destilada, propilenoglicol e Tween. As amostras de carne permaneceram imersas nesta solução por 60 min; em seguida, foram acondicionados em embalagens plásticas e armazenados sob refrigeração (± 0,4°C) por 14 dias. Durante esse armazenamento foram determinados pH, bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais (BNVT), peróxidos, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e contagens de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios estritos e facultativos. Os principais constituintes encontrados no OE de M. piperita foram geranial (32,28%), neral (18,64%) e ácido gerânico (6,98%). Nenhuma das concentrações de OE afetou as BNVT, mas houve algumas alterações no pH. Tanto 0,25% quanto 0,50% de OE reduziram a formação de peróxidos e TBARS. O crescimento de microrganismos foi reduzido no tratamento com 0,50% de OE. Com base nos resultados, a concentração de 0,50% de OE foi mais eficaz na redução da deterioração da carne mantida refrigerada por até 14 dias. alimentícia (OE plantas humana Portanto físicoquímicas físico químicas Colossoma brachypomum. brachypomum . brachypomum) M 0%, 0 (0% 025 25 0,25 050 50 destilada Tween 6 min seguida ± ( 0,4°C 04C C 4 1 dias pH BNVT , (BNVT) TBARS (TBARS facultativos 32,28%, 3228 32,28% 32 28 (32,28%) 18,64% 1864 18 64 (18,64% 6,98%. 698 6,98% 98 (6,98%) 0,50 resultados 0% (0 02 2 0,2 05 5 (BNVT 322 32,28 3 (32,28% 18,64 186 (18,64 69 6,98 9 (6,98% 0,5 0, 32,2 (32,28 18,6 (18,6 6,9 (6,98 32, (32,2 18, (18, 6, (6,9 (32, (18 (6, (32 (1 (6 (3

Abstract The search for safer foods has led to increased research attention to discover natural alternatives to synthetic additives that are used in the food industry. Natural preservatives, such as essential oils (EOs) from plants, could increase fish conservation and even positively affect human health. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Mentha piperita EO on the physicochemical characteristics and concentration of microorganisms in chilled tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus brachypomum) meat. Mentha piperita EO was prepared at three concentrations (0%, 0.25% and 0.50%) in a solution containing distilled water, propylene glycol and Tween. The meat samples remained immersed in this solution for 60 min; then, they were packed in plastic packages and stored under refrigeration (± 0.4 °C) for 14 days. During this storage, pH, total volatile nitrogenous bases (TVB-N), peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and counts of strict and facultative aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were determined. The major constituents found in M. piperita EO were geranial (32.28%), neral (18.64%) and geranic acid (6.98%). None of the EO concentrations affected TVB-N, but there were some changes to the pH. Both 0.25% and 0.50% EO reduced the formation of peroxides and TBARS. The growth of microorganisms was reduced by treatment with 0.50% EO. Based on the findings, 0.50% EO was more effective in reducing the deterioration of meat kept refrigerated for up to 14 days. industry preservatives EOs (EOs plants health Therefore Colossoma brachypomum 0%, 0 (0% 025 25 0.25 050 50 water Tween 6 min then ± ( 04 4 0. °C C 1 days storage pH TVBN, TVBN TVB N , (TVB-N) TBARS (TBARS determined M 32.28%, 3228 32.28% 32 28 (32.28%) 18.64% 1864 18 64 (18.64% 6.98%. 698 6.98% . 98 (6.98%) N, TVB-N 0.50 findings 0% (0 02 2 0.2 05 5 (TVB-N 322 32.28 3 (32.28% 18.64 186 (18.64 69 6.98 9 (6.98% 0.5 32.2 (32.28 18.6 (18.6 6.9 (6.98 32. (32.2 18. (18. 6. (6.9 (32. (18 (6. (32 (1 (6 (3

A new composite material with magnetic and pH-responsive properties, composed of chitosan/poly(2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (Fe3O4/SiO2/CS/PDPA) was developed with the purpose of removing avermectins in aqueous media. The material was characterized by different techniques to evaluate its characteristics. The adsorption process was investigated through the optimization of some parameters, with the most favorable results at pH 8.0, using 20 mg of adsorbent and stirring for 5 min. Under such conditions, the material showed adsorption efficiency of around 80.5, 69.9, and 74.8% for eprinomectin, doramectin and ivermectin, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was investigated using the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir-Freundlich dual site isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. The material also showed good regenerative capacity, allowing several reuse cycles. The results obtained suggest that the synthesized material has potential application as an adsorbent in the removal of avermectins from aqueous samples. pHresponsive responsive properties chitosan/poly2diisopropylaminoethyl chitosanpoly2diisopropylaminoethyl chitosanpolydiisopropylaminoethyl chitosan/poly 2 diisopropylamino ethyl chitosan poly Fe3O4/SiO2/CS/PDPA Fe3O4SiO2CSPDPA FeOSiOCSPDPA Fe3O4 SiO2 CS PDPA Fe O SiO (Fe3O4/SiO2/CS/PDPA media characteristics parameters 80 8 0 8.0 min conditions 805 80.5 699 69 9 69.9 748 74 74.8 eprinomectin ivermectin respectively pseudosecond pseudo second LangmuirFreundlich Langmuir Freundlich spontaneous capacity cycles samples poly2diisopropylaminoethyl diisopropylaminoethyl chitosanpoly CSPDPA FeO Fe3O 8. 80. 6 69. 7 74. polydiisopropylaminoethyl

Resumo O beta (Betta splendens) é uma espécie ornamental carnívora que necessita de alimentos vivos. Neste estudo, avaliamos o crescimento e a sobrevivência de alevinos de beta alimentados com bioflocos produzidos ex-situ (BFT). Um total de 375 alevinos (8,3 ± 4,1 mg e 0,8 ± 0,14 cm) foi distribuído em tanques plásticos de 15 L (n=25), com cinco repetições para cada um dos seguintes tratamentos: (i) alimentação viva exclusiva (LF100), (ii) biofloco exclusivo (BFT100), (iii) alimentação viva suplementada com biofloco (LF100-BFT100), e uma redução de 15% (iv) e 30% (v) na alimentação viva com suplementação de biofloco (LF85-BFT100 e LF70-BFT100, respectivamente). Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes por dia com artemia recém-eclodida (Artemia spp. nauplii) e/ou bioflocos frescos durante um período experimental de 16 dias. A suplementação de BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100 e LF70-BFT100) na dieta de Beta splendens resultou em peso final semelhante à dieta contendo exclusivamente artemia (LF100). Em relação ao comprimento total, os peixes do grupo LF100-BFT100 foram superiores aos do grupo LF100 (P<0,05). Os grupos LF100 e LF100-BFT100 apresentaram taxas de sobrevivência de 100% e 98,4%, respectivamente, as quais não diferiram estatisticamente entre si (P>0,05). Para todas as variáveis analisadas, os peixes alimentados exclusivamente com bioflocos (BFT100) apresentaram desempenho desfavorável. Esses resultados indicam que a suplementação dietética com bioflocos ex-situ, sem redução na oferta de alimento vivo, pode ser uma alternativa interessante no cultivo de Betta splendens, uma vez que o bioflocos melhora o desempenho em crescimento e mantém boa taxa de sobrevivência. vivos estudo exsitu ex situ BFT. . (BFT) 37 8,3 83 8 3 (8, 41 4 1 4, 08 0 0, 014 14 0,1 cm n=25, n25 n n=25 , 25 (n=25) tratamentos i (i LF100, LF (LF100) ii (ii BFT100, BFT100 iii (iii LF100BFT100, LF100BFT100 LFBFT (LF100-BFT100) iv (iv 30 v (v LF85BFT100 LF85 (LF85-BFT10 LF70BFT100, LF70BFT100 LF70 LF70-BFT100 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) recémeclodida recém eclodida Artemia spp nauplii eou ou dias (LF100-BFT100 LF85-BFT10 LF100. LF100-BFT10 LF10 P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 05 (P<0,05) 100 984 98 98,4% P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) analisadas (BFT100 desfavorável exsitu, situ, vivo (BFT 8, (8 01 n2 n=2 2 (n=25 (LF100 BFT10 LF100BFT10 LF85BFT10 LF8 (LF85-BFT1 LF70BFT10 LF7 LF70-BFT10 (LF100-BFT10 LF85-BFT1 LF100-BFT1 LF1 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 10 9 98,4 P>0,0 (P>0,05 (BFT10 ( n= (n=2 (LF10 BFT1 LF100BFT1 LF85BFT1 (LF85-BFT LF70BFT1 LF70-BFT1 (LF100-BFT1 LF85-BFT LF100-BFT P0 P<0, (P<0,0 98, P>0, (P>0,0 (BFT1 (n= (LF1 LF100BFT LF85BFT LF70BFT LF70-BFT (LF100-BFT P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, (n (LF P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Abstract The betta (Betta splendens) is a carnivorous ornamental species that requires live food. In this study, we evaluated the growth and survival of Betta splendens fingerlings fed ex-situ biofloc (BFT). A total of 375 fingerlings (8.3 ± 4.1 mg and 0.8 ± 0.14 cm) were distributed into 15-L plastic tanks (n=25), with five replicates for each of the following treatments: (i) exclusive live food (LF100), (ii) exclusive biofloc (BFT100), (iii) live food supplemented with biofloc (LF100-BFT100), and a reduction of 15% (iv) and 30% (v) in live food with biofloc supplementation (LF85-BFT100 and LF70-BFT100, respectively). The fish were fed newly hatched brine shrimp (Artemia spp. nauplii) and/or fresh biofloc, twice daily, over a 16-day experimental period. Dietary supplementation of Beta splendens with ex-situ BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100, and LF70-BFT100) resulted in a similar final weight (P>0.05) compared to exclusive brine shrimp (LF100). Regarding total length, the fish in the LF100-BFT100 group were superior to those in the LF100 group (P<0.05). The LF100 and LF100-BFT100 groups showed survival rates of 100% and 98.4%, respectively, which were not statistically different (P>0.05). For all analyzed variables, fish exclusively fed biofloc (BFT100) exhibited unfavorable performance. These results indicate that dietary ex-situ biofloc supplementation, without reducing the supply of live food, can be an interesting alternative in the rearing of Betta splendens since biofloc improves growth performance and maintains a good survival rate. study exsitu ex situ BFT. . (BFT) 37 8.3 83 8 3 (8. 41 4 1 4. 08 0 0. 014 14 0.1 cm 15L L 15 n=25, n25 n n=25 , 25 (n=25) treatments i (i LF100, LF (LF100) ii (ii BFT100, BFT100 iii (iii LF100BFT100, LF100BFT100 LFBFT (LF100-BFT100) iv (iv 30 v (v LF85BFT100 LF85 (LF85-BFT10 LF70BFT100, LF70BFT100 LF70 LF70-BFT100 respectively. respectively respectively) Artemia spp nauplii andor or daily 16day day 16 period (LF100-BFT100 LF85BFT100, LF85-BFT100 P>0.05 P005 P 05 (P>0.05 LF100. length LF100-BFT10 LF10 P<0.05. P<0.05 (P<0.05) 100 984 98 98.4% P>0.05. variables (BFT100 rate (BFT 8. (8 01 n2 n=2 2 (n=25 (LF100 BFT10 LF100BFT10 LF85BFT10 LF8 (LF85-BFT1 LF70BFT10 LF7 LF70-BFT10 (LF100-BFT10 LF85-BFT10 P>0.0 P00 (P>0.0 LF100-BFT1 LF1 P<0.0 (P<0.05 10 9 98.4 (BFT10 ( n= (n=2 (LF10 BFT1 LF100BFT1 LF85BFT1 (LF85-BFT LF70BFT1 LF70-BFT1 (LF100-BFT1 LF85-BFT1 P>0. P0 (P>0. LF100-BFT P<0. (P<0.0 98. (BFT1 (n= (LF1 LF100BFT LF85BFT LF70BFT LF70-BFT (LF100-BFT LF85-BFT P>0 (P>0 P<0 (P<0. (n (LF P> (P> P< (P<0 (P (P<

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association of TSH, free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), and conversion (FT3:FT4) ratio values with incident hypertension. Materials and methods: The study included data from participants of the ELSA-Brasil study without baseline hypertension. Serum TSH, FT4 and FT3 levels, and FT3:FT4 ratio values were assessed at baseline, and incident hypertension (defined by blood pressure levels ≥ 140/90 mmHg) was estimated over a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. The risk of incident hypertension was evaluated considering a 1-unit increase in TSH, FT4, FT3, and conversion ratio values and after dividing these variables into quintiles for further analysis using Poisson regression with robust variance. The results are presented as relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) before and after adjustment for multiple variables. Results: The primary analysis incorporated data from 5,915 euthyroid individuals, and the secondary analysis combined data from all euthyroid individuals, 587 individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism, and 31 individuals with subclinical hyperthyroidism. The rate of incident hypertension was 28% (95% CI: 27%-29.3%). The FT4 levels in the first quintile (0.18-1.06 ng/dL) were significantly associated with incident hypertension (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06) at follow-up. The association between FT4 levels in the first quintile and incident hypertension was also observed in the analysis of combined data from euthyroid individuals and participants with subclinical thyroid dysfunction (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). The associations were predominantly observed with systolic blood pressure levels in euthyroid individuals. However, in the combined analysis incorporating euthyroid participants and individuals with subclinical thyroid dysfunction, the associations were more pronounced with diastolic blood pressure levels. Conclusion: Low FT4 levels may be a mild risk factor for incident hypertension in euthyroid individuals and persons with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Objective TSH T FT , (FT3) (FT4) FT3FT4 FTFT (FT3:FT4 methods ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil FT3:FT defined 14090 140 90 140/9 mmHg 82 8 2 8. followup. followup follow up. up follow-up 1unit unit 1 variance RR (RR 95 CIs (CIs Results 5915 5 915 5,91 58 hypothyroidism 3 hyperthyroidism 28 (95 CI 27%29.3%. 27293 27% 29.3% . 27 29 27%-29.3%) 0.181.06 018106 0.18 1.06 0 18 06 (0.18-1.0 ng/dL ngdL ng dL 103 03 1.03 1.011.06 101106 1.01 01 1.01-1.06 104 04 1.04 1.011.07. 101107 1.07 07 1.01-1.07) However Conclusion (FT3 (FT4 FT3FT (FT3:FT 1409 14 9 140/ 591 91 5,9 (9 27%29.3% 2729 293 29.3 27%-29.3% 181 0.181.0 01810 018 0.1 106 1.0 (0.18-1. 10 011 1.011.0 10110 101 1.01-1.0 1.011.07 107 1.01-1.07 (FT 59 5, ( 27%29.3 272 29. 27%-29.3 0.181. 0181 0. 1. (0.18-1 1.011. 1011 1.01-1. 27%29. 27%-29. 0.181 (0.18- 1.011 1.01-1 27%29 27%-29 (0.18 1.01- 27%2 27%-2 (0.1 27%- (0. (0