Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o poder dióptrico da lente intraocular (LIO) em miniporco e as dimensões do bulbo do olho. Foram utilizados 17 miniporcos, sadios, adultos, machos e fêmeas, com peso médio de 70kg. Em todos os olhos foram realizadas a ultrassonografia modo A, a ceratometria e a medida da distância limbo a limbo. O cálculo do poder dióptrico da LIO foi obtido utilizando-se as fórmulas Haigis, Hoffer Q, SRK/T, Holladay I e Holladay II e o software Holladay IOL Consultant(r). Na comparação entre o sexo e a lateralidade do olho, não houve diferença nas variáveis biométricas e poder da LIO. A aplicação das fórmulas (Haigis, Holladay II, Holladay I, SRK/T e Hoffer Q) possibilitou o cálculo do poder da LIO. A Holladay II, fórmula que melhor individualiza o bulbo do olho do miniporco, estima valor dióptrico ao redor de 41 D. Os miniporcos têm potencial como modelo experimental em oftalmologia, relacionado ao seu menor porte e à facilidade no manejo, especialmente em experimentos de longa duração.

The aim of this study was to determine the refractive power of intraocular lens (IOL) of mini pigs and the dimensions of the eyeball. A total of 17 (34 eyes) healthy, adult, males and female animals, with average weight of 70kg were used. For every eye, A-mode ultrasound, keratometry and the measurement of limbo-to-limbo distance were conducted, all variables for calculating the refractive power of the IOL. The value was obtained using different formulas and Holladay IOL Consultant(r) Software. Additionally, the ocular measurements were compared per sex, laterality of the eye and the different formulas used in this study (Haigis, Hoffer Q, SRK / T, Holladay I and Holladay II). In the comparison between sex and laterality of the eye, there was no difference in biometric variables and power of the IOL. The application of the employed formulas (Haigis, Holladay II, Holladay I, SRK / T and Hoffer Q) allowed the IOL power calculation for this specie, and the observed value ranged between 39.58±2.15 and 46.60±2.81 diopters. Mini pigs play an important and growing role as an experimental model for study and practice of ophthalmic procedures, specially related to their smaller size and easy management in long-term experiments.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate in the casuistry on class and systems frequently diagnosed in wild animals that were sent to the FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu diagnostic imaging service. The class of birds was the most referred to the centers, followed by the mammals and reptiles. The majority of the requested tests were the radiographs and in a minor scale the tomography and ultrasound. Although the birds were the greatest number of animals sent to the service, mammals were the most radiographed for wound control. The most frequently observed system was the musculoskeletal caused by trauma, especially in birds. The radiograph was the most exam initially indicated, then the animal could be forwarded to other imaging modalities, which in wild animals medicine is still limited to research.

Hemoplasmas are bacteria that infect erythrocytes, attaching to the red blood cell. There is a need for more reports of hemoplasma infection prevalence and molecular characterization among cats in Brazil since there are only few published reports. The present work aimed to detect and molecularly characterize the presence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in domestic cats with outdoor access from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Twenty cats (10%) were positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum, five (2.5%) for M. haemofelis, and four (2.%) for M. turicensis based on 16S rRNA gene PCRs. Five cats (2.5%) were co-positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum and M. haemofelis. PCR diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing; and phylogenetic analysis was based on 16S rRNA and rnpb genes.

The blood profile of hybrid fish was studied. Pseudoplatystoma (P. coruscans X P. reticulatum) were submitted to different stocking densities in recirculating water system in two distinct phases of production. Hemoglobin concentration (Hg), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were evaluated. There was no difference between the studied densities. Hemoglobin concentration, PCV and MCHC remained within the normal range for teleost fish.

O teste de soroneutralização (SN) é o método padrão para a mensuração de anticorpos neutralizantes para herpesvírus bovinos. Entretanto, com as subdivisões propostas destes agentes em tipos e subtipos, a definição de qual amostra utilizar como virus de desafio à SN pode ser difícil. Em vista disso, este estudo foi realizado para re-avaliar a sensibilidade de testes de SN utilizando diferentes tipos e subtipos de herpesvírus bovinos tipos 1 (BoHV-1) e 5 (BoHV-5) como amostras de desafio. Soros bovinos (n=810) foram coletados de duas regiões geográficas distintas e testados frente a amostras do tipo 1 (BoHV-1.1: amostras "Los Angeles" e "EVI123/98", BoHV-1.2a: amostra "SV265/96") e três amostras do tipo 5 (BoHV-5a: "EVI88/95"; BoHV-5b: "A663" e BoHV-5c "ISO97/95"). Os testes de SN foram realizados com incubação de 1 hora a 37ºC da mistura soro-vírus, frente a 100 doses infectantes para 50% dos cultivos celulares (DICC50) de cada um dos vírus. A sensibilidade da SN variou grandemente em função do vírus utilizado no teste. A maior sensibilidade (327 soros positivos/810 soros testados; 40.37%) foi alcançada quando os resultados positivos frente aos seis diferentes vírus foram somados. Nenhuma associação foi detectada entre determinado tipo/subtipo de vírus e a sensibilidade do teste. Quando resultados positivos frente a cada vírus foram considerados isoladamente, a sensibilidade da SN variou entre 41,7% a 81,7%, dependendo do vírus de desafio e da região geográfica de origem das amostras de soro. Variação foi detectada mesmo quando as amostras de desafio pertenciam a um mesmo subtipo; a discrepância entre os resultados positivos atingiu até 41%. Estes resultados indicam que testes de SN contra amostras isoladas de vírus podem apresentar uma sensibilidade notadamente baixa; o emprego de diferentes amostras de vírus de desafio pode aumentar consideravelmente a sensibilidade da prova. Além disso, a escolha da amostra de vírus para a realização do teste é crítica. Outro achado importante é que sorors de diferentes regiões geográficas podem dar resultados discordantes frente a diferentes amostras de BoHV-1 e BoHV-5. Estes achados são particularmente relevantes para programas de controle destas infecções e para o comércio internacional, onde a sensibilidade deve ser maximizada.

The serum neutralization (SN) test is the gold standard method to measure neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesviruses. However, in view of the further subdivisions of bovine herpesviruses in types/subtypes, defining which virus to use at challenge in SN tests may be difficult. In view of that, this study was carried out to re-evaluate (SN) sensitivity with different types/subtypes of bovine herpesviruses types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) as challenge viruses. Bovine sera (n=810) were collected from two distinct geographic regions and tested by SN with three type 1 viruses (BoHV-1.1 strains "Los Angeles" and "EVI123/98"; BoHV-1.2a strain "SV265/96") and three type 5 viruses (BoHV-5a strain "EVI88/95"; BoHV-5b strain "A663" and BoHV-5c "ISO97/95"). SN tests were performed with a 1 hour incubation of the serum-virus mixtures at 37ºC against 100 TCID50 of each of the viruses. SN sensitivity varied greatly depending on the challenge virus used in the test. The highest sensitivity (327 positive/810 total sera tested; 40.37%) was attained when the positive results to the six viruses were added together. No association could be found between any particular type or subtype of virus and the sensitivity of the test. When positive results to each single strain were considered, SN sensitivity varied from 41.7% to 81.7%, depending on the virus and the geographic region of origin of the sera. Variation was detected even when challenge viruses belonged to the same subtype, where disagreement between positive results reached 41%. These results indicate that one hour incubation SN tests against single viruses, as performed here, may display a significantly low sensitivity (p=0.05); performing SN tests against a number of different viruses may increase considerably SN sensitivity. Furthermore, the choice of virus used for challenge is critical in SN tests. In addition, sera from different geographic regions may give rise to disagreeing results with different strains of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. This might be particularly relevant for control programs and in international trade, were maximum sensitivity should be targeted.

Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of cardiovascular disability in countries where it is endemic. Damage to the heart microvasculature has been proposed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of heart dysfunction. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and exerts its effects via specific ET A and ET B receptors. A few studies have suggested a role for ET-1 and its receptors in the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease. We investigated the effects of treatment with bosentan, an ET A/ET B receptor antagonist, on the course of T. cruzi infection (Y strain) in C57Bl/6 mice. Treatment with bosentan (100 mg kg-1 day-1) was given per os starting day 0 after infection until sacrifice. Bosentan significantly increased myocardial inflammation, with no effects on parasitemia. Although the total number of nests was similar, a lower number of intact amastigote nests was found in the heart of bosentan-treated animals. Bosentan failed to affect the infection-associated increase in the cardiac levels of the cytokines IFN-g and TNF-a and the chemokines CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1a and CCL5/RANTES. In vitro, pre-incubation with ET-1 (0.1 µM) 4 h before infection enhanced the uptake of the parasites by peritoneal macrophages, and this effect was abrogated when macrophages were pre-treated with bosentan (1 µM) 15 min before incubation with ET-1. However, ET-1 did not alter killing of intracellular parasites after 48 h of in vitro infection. Our data suggest that bosentan-treated mice have a delay in controlling parasitism which is compensated for exacerbated inflammation. Infection is eventually controlled in these animals and lethality is unchanged, demonstrating that ET-1 plays a minor role in the protection against acute murine T. cruzi infection.

INTRODUÇÃO: A associação de síndrome do cromossomo 18 em anel com deficiência de hormônio de crescimento (DGH) é muito rara, com apenas dois relatos na literatura. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente feminina, negra, 1 ano de idade, encaminhada para investigação de crises de hipoglicemia desde os 6 meses, acompanhadas de crise convulsiva. Apresentava atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e erro alimentar. Ao exame físico, criança desnutrida (escores z peso/idade de -6,95 e estatura/idade de -5,05), fenda palatina, prega epicântica e hipotonia generalizada. O diagnóstico de DGH foi feito em vigência de hipoglicemia e iniciado o tratamento com somatropina 0,1 U/kg aos 16 meses de idade. A RM do crânio evidenciou neuro-hipófise ectópica. O hipotireoidismo foi diagnosticado com 1 ano e 7 meses, sendo adicionada levotiroxina ao tratamento. O cariótipo 46XX r(18) (p11,2 q.23), estabeleceu o diagnóstico de síndrome do cromossomo 18 em anel. Está em uso de GH há 3 anos, os episódios de hipoglicemia com crise convulsiva desapareceram mas não houve melhora da velocidade de crescimento. DISCUSSÃO: Não foram encontrados na literatura relatos da associação de DGH, hipotireoidismo e cromossomo 18 em anel. Crianças com cromossomo 18 em anel merecem investigação para DGH. A reposição com GH não melhorou o crescimento da nossa paciente.

INTRODUCTION: The association of 18-ring chromosome syndrome and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is extremely rare, with only two reports in the literature. CASE REPORT: A one year-old, non-white female was referred due to hypoglycemic seizures. She had developmental delay and poor nutrition. Her physical examination was significant for a weight Z score of -6.95, height Z score of -5,05, cleft palate, epicanthic folds and generalized hypotony. Karyotype was 46XX r(18) (p11,2 q.23) - 18 ring chromosome syndrome, the MRI showed an ectopic neurohypophysis. The diagnosis GHD was made due to low GH levels during spontaneous severe hypoglycemia at the age of 16 months. She was started on hGH 0.1 U/kg/day. Three months later, TSH deficiency was diagnosed and L-thyroxin therapy was started. During hGH replacement the hypoglycemic events stopped but after 3 years of hGH therapy, she did not improve growth velocity. DISCUSSION: We were unable to find any report of GHD and hypothyroidism associated with the 18-ring chromosome syndrome. Children with 18-ring chromosome should undergo investigation of GHD. In our child with 18-ring syndrome the hGH therapy did not improve growth velocity.

A própolis, também conhecida como "cola de abelhas" possui atividade antimicrobiana, antiinflamatória, anestésica e imunoestimulante. Amostras de diferentes origens geográficas podem apresentar composição química bem diferente, porém continuam sendo responsáveis por atividade antibacteriana, inclusive contra cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus aureus. Este trabalho teve por objetivo otimizar o processo de extração visando determinar a melhor alcoolatura para a obtenção de tinturas de própolis com maior atividade antimicrobiana. Amostras de própolis foram extraídas com diferentes misturas hidroalcoólicas, variando o teor de etanol entre 90% a água pura, obtendo assim 11 tinturas diferentes. Todas as tinturas foram aplicadas em discos de papel, secos e colocados sobre a superfície de placas contendo ágar inoculado com cepa multirresistente de S. aureus. As placas foram incubadas e avaliadas no dia seguinte quanto à presença de halos de inibição. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com extratos contendo 50 a 90% de etanol. O trabalho sugere a utilização da alcoolatura de 70% como a ideal para a obtenção de tinturas de própolis.

Bee glue (propolis) possesses antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anaesthetic and immunostimulating activities. Propolis composition is extraordinary variable; samples from different geographic origin may posse's entirely different chemical composition. In different propolis samples, various substance combinations are responsible for the antibacterial activity of the bee glue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the best ethanolic extract concentration using Staphylococcus aureus multiresistant. Ethanol extracts from different concentration (10 to 90%) were applied on paper disks, dried, and put on the surface of nutrient agar plates with the overlay containing S. aureus. The plates were then incubated and evaluated the next day for the presence of inhibition zones. The best result was verified among 60 to 90% of ethanolic extract of propolis. This paper suggests the use of the alcool 70% as the ideal for the extration of propolis.

Infecção humana por Cryptosporidium spp e outros coccideos deve-se a microrganismos oportunistas hospedeiros não-específicos e, em pacientes HIV positivos, os sintomas gastro-intestinais podem ser sérios e prolongados incluindo náuseas, febre baixa, dores abdominais, anorexia e diarréia aquosa. Estudamos 188 amostras de fezes provenientes de 111 pacientes (84 homens e 27 mulheres, com idade média de 31 anos) com diarréia, atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Para detecção de Cryptosporidium spp e lsospora belli empregou-se a técnica de Ziehl-Nielsen modificada. Oitenta e três porcento dos pacientes (n=92) eram HIV positivos. Cryptosporidium spp foi observado em 18% de todos os pacientes, sendo que destes, noventa porcento eram HIV positivos, lsospora belli foi evidenciada somente em pacientes HIV positivos, com uma freqüência de 5.4% de todos os pacientes e de 6.5% considerando-se apenas os pacientes HIV positivos. Este estudo confirma os bons resultados obtidos com a técnica empregada para identificação de Cryptosporidium spp e outros coccideos, além de ressaltar a importância da investigação etiológica apropriada em casos de diarréia prolongada, especialmente em pacientes imunossuprimidos.

Human infection by Cryptosporidium spp and other coccidia are due to opportunist non-host specific microorganisms. In HIV seropositive patients, the gastrointestinal symptoms accompanying such infections may be serious and prolonged and may include nausea, low-grade fever, abdominal cramps, anorexia and watery diarrhoea. We studied 188 stool samples from 111 patients (84 men and 27 women) with diarrhoea. A modified Ziehl-Nielsen technique for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp and Isospora belli was employed. The mean age of the patients was 31 years. Cryptosporidium spp was seen in 18% (n=20) of the patients, 90% (n=18) of whom were HIV seropositive. Isospora belli was recorded only from HIV seropositive patients (5.4% of all the patients studied and 6.5% of those who were HIV seropositive). These data confirm the good results obtained with this technique for the identification of Cryptosporidium spp and other coccidia and also reaffirm the clinical importance of correctly diagnosing the cause of diarrhoea, particularly in HIV seropositive patients.