Abstract Neotropical fishes emerge as an extremely diverse group of vertebrates where genomic strategies to evaluate structural and functional features are still beginning. Here, we present a second draft genome of Apareiodon sp. (2n=54, ZZ/ZW), adding PacBio technology whole genome sequencing, and assembling by combining two technologies (long and short reads). Using a detailed strategy for genome assembly with fish genomes of Pygocentrus nattereri, Carassius auratus, and Astyanax mexicanus as references, the final assembly of the Apareiodon sp. genome generated 93 scaffolds, an N50 of 37,200,078 bases, and a size estimate considering 28 scaffolds (26 autosomes+ZW) of ~945 Mb. In Apareiodon sp., this second genome draft confirmed that ~36% of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA. Furthermore, the new draft genome has improved genomic quality assessments, allowing the annotation of 36,290 genes and 15,683 proteins, which presented similarities to reference genomes. The second draft genome of Apareiodon sp. will be useful for research on integrative cytogenetic and genomic data. It will open perspectives for analyzing sex-determining genes in Neotropical fish with a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. beginning Here sp 2n=54, 2n54 n 2n 54 (2n=54 ZZ/ZW, ZZZW , ZZ ZW ZZ/ZW) sequencing long reads. reads . reads) nattereri auratus references 9 N N5 37200078 37 200 078 37,200,07 bases 2 26 (2 autosomes+ZW autosomesZW autosomes 945 ~94 Mb 36 ~36 DNA Furthermore assessments 36290 290 36,29 15683 15 683 15,68 proteins data sexdetermining determining system 2n=54 2n5 5 (2n=5 3720007 3 20 07 37,200,0 ( 94 ~9 ~3 3629 29 36,2 1568 1 68 15,6 2n=5 (2n= 372000 0 37,200, ~ 362 36, 156 6 15, 2n= (2n 37200 37,200 3720 37,20 372 37,2 37,

Abstract Measurements of the marine carbonate system on tropical and subtropical continental margins are poorly distributed in space and time, with many uncertainties persisting regarding the role of carbon exchanges at the ocean-atmosphere interface in these areas. To calculate sea-to-air CO 2 fluxes in Marine Ecoregions along the Brazilian continental margin (4°N to 34°S), we used data from the Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT v2020), collected up to 400 km from the coast, at the surface (5 m), between 1991 and 2018, with the aim of investigating the role of ecoregions as potential sinks or sources of atmospheric CO 2. The temperature and salinity of seawater presented variability in the north-south direction mainly because of the broad latitudinal range, reflecting typical patterns of tropical (T = 27.4°C ±1.49; S = 36.4 ±1.91) and subtropical waters (T = 22.8°C ±3.41; S = 35 ±2.91), in addition to the greater or lesser influence of river inputs in each ecoregion. The pCO 2 values in the surface waters varied from 121.81 (Amazon) to 478.92 μatm (Eastern), differing significantly between ecoregions and showing an expected decadal increasing trend, both in the atmosphere and in the seawater. The calculated values of CO 2 fluxes showed non-homogeneous spatio-temporal variations, from -24.37 mmol m-2 d-1 (Rio Grande) to 9.87 mmol m- 2 d-1 (Southeastern). Throughout the analyzed time series, we observed that the Northeast, Amazon and Eastern ecoregions acted predominantly as sources of CO 2 and the Southeastern ecoregions and, mainly, Rio Grande, acted predominantly as sinks of atmospheric CO 2. oceanatmosphere ocean areas seatoair sea air 4°N 4N N 4 34°S, 34S 34°S , 34 34°S) SOCAT v2020, v2020 v v2020) 40 coast 5 ( m, m m) 199 2018 northsouth north south range T 274C C 27 ±1.49 149 1 49 364 36 36. ±1.91 191 91 228C 22 8 ±3.41 341 3 41 ±2.91, 291 ±2.91 ±2.91) ecoregion 12181 121 81 121.8 (Amazon 47892 478 92 478.9 Eastern, (Eastern) trend nonhomogeneous non homogeneous spatiotemporal spatio temporal variations 24.37 2437 24 37 -24.3 m2 d1 d d- Grande 987 9 87 9.8 Southeastern. . (Southeastern) series Northeast v202 19 201 ±1.4 14 ±1.9 ±3.4 29 ±2.9 1218 12 121. 4789 47 478. (Eastern 24.3 243 -24. 98 9. (Southeastern v20 20 ±1. ±3. ±2. 24. -24 v2 ±1 ±3 ±2 -2 ± -

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To address the implementation of the Lab for Innovation in Chronic Conditions in Santo Antonio do Monte, indicating the main challenges and lessons of a new chronic condition model. METHODS This is an observational study based on two sources of data: 1) two cross-sectional household surveys, 2013 (2012 as reference year) and 2015 (2014 as reference year), representative for the entire population and four target groups (pregnant women; children under two years old; individuals with hypertension and diabetes); medical records of individuals who self-reported having hypertension or diabetes in the household survey of 2013. A descriptive statistics analysis was performed. RESULTS The main findings showed that the public health system is the main provider of health services, mainly primary care, in Santo Antonio do Monte. Besides, the implementation of Lab for Innovation in Chronic Conditions showed the importance of building a Primary Health Care network in small municipalities. CONCLUSIONS Community health agents and health managers played a fundamental role in the Primary Health Care network. The case study of Santo Antonio do Monte poses some challenges and lessons that clarify future interventions on building a Primary Health Care network that is essential to provide an adequate and longitudinal care to chronic conditions.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To address the implementation of the Lab for Innovation in Chronic Conditions in Santo Antonio do Monte, indicating the main challenges and lessons of a new chronic condition model. METHODS This is an observational study based on two sources of data: 1) two cross-sectional household surveys, 2013 (2012 as reference year) and 2015 (2014 as reference year), representative for the entire population and four target groups (pregnant women; children under two years old; individuals with hypertension and diabetes); medical records of individuals who self-reported having hypertension or diabetes in the household survey of 2013. A descriptive statistics analysis was performed. RESULTS The main findings showed that the public health system is the main provider of health services, mainly primary care, in Santo Antonio do Monte. Besides, the implementation of Lab for Innovation in Chronic Conditions showed the importance of building a Primary Health Care network in small municipalities. CONCLUSIONS Community health agents and health managers played a fundamental role in the Primary Health Care network. The case study of Santo Antonio do Monte poses some challenges and lessons that clarify future interventions on building a Primary Health Care network that is essential to provide an adequate and longitudinal care to chronic conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of supplemental zinc, vitamin A, and glutamine, alone or in combination, on long-term cognitive outcomes among Brazilian shantytown children with low median height-for-age z-scores. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in children aged three months to nine years old from the urban shanty compound community of Fortaleza, Brazil. Demographic and anthropometric information was assessed. The random treatment groups available for cognitive testing (total of 167 children) were: (1) placebo, n = 25; (2) glutamine, n = 23; (3) zinc, n = 18; (4) vitamin A, n = 19; (5) glutamine+zinc, n = 20; (6) glutamine+vitamin A, n = 21; (7) zinc+vitamin A, n = 23; and (8) glutamine+zinc+vitamin A, n = 18. Neuropsychological tests were administered for the cognitive domains of non-verbal intelligence and abstraction, psychomotor speed, verbal memory and recall ability, and semantic and phonetic verbal fluency. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 16.0. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00133406. RESULTS: Girls receiving a combination of glutamine, zinc, and vitamin A had higher mean age-adjusted verbal learning scores than girls receiving only placebo (9.5 versus 6.4, p = 0.007) and girls receiving zinc+vitamin A (9.5 versus 6.5, p = 0.006). Similar group differences were not found between male study children. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that combination therapy offers a sex-specific advantage on tests of verbal learning, similar to that seen among female patients following traumatic brain injury.