ABSTRACT Considering the expressive number of commercial soybean cultivars available for cultivation in Brazil and the constant search for improvements in the production system, the objective was to evaluate the productive components and grain yield and to estimate the correlation between them in soybean cultivars sown in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2019/20 harvest. Sixteen commercial soybean cultivars were sown under their respective plant density recommendations, in a randomized block design with three replications. At the end of the cultivation cycle, the following variables were evaluated: plant height; height of insertion of the first pod; number of nodes; number of pods with one, two, three and four grains; pods per plant; grains per plant; weight of thousand grains, and; grain yield. The cultivars BMX ZEUS IPRO, NS 5445 IPRO and NS 5700 IPRO presented the highest grain yields, mainly due to the high relationship between the number of pods and grains per plant and the weight of a thousand grains. The indirect selection of more productive genotypes can be carried out through the variables weight of thousand grains, number of pods, grains and nodes per plant, given the significant positive correlation between them. system Sul 201920 2019 20 2019/2 harvest recommendations replications cycle evaluated pod one two 544 570 yields 20192 201 2 2019/ 54 57 5

ABSTRACT The use of corn hybrids adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the cultivation region under adequate optimum plant density is a determining factor for the maximization of grain yield. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the productivity of corn hybrids under two sowing densities during the 2020/21 crop season in the medium-high Uruguay region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The corn hybrids AS1555 PRO3, B2401 PWU, B2418 VYHR, B2612 PWU, BG7061 YHR, DKB235 PRO3, NS45 VIP3, NS73 VIP3, NS80 VIP3, P2501, P3016 VYHR, P3565 PWU and 30F53 VYHR were submitted to densities of 66,667 and 88,889 plants ha-1, in a randomized block design with ten replications. Corn hybrids showed superior grain yield when subjected to the density of 88,889 plants ha-1 in the medium-high Uruguay region of Rio Grande do Sul, surpassing in most cases the state and national average yield of harvest 2020/21. Most of the corn hybrids used present potential for cultivation at higher sowing density than their respective recommendations. Considering the superior productivity of hybrids NS80 VIP3, B2401 PWU and NS73 VIP3, their cultivation under conditions similar to those of the study is recommended. sense 202021 2020 21 2020/2 mediumhigh medium high Sul AS AS155 PRO3 PRO B B240 B241 B261 BG BG706 YHR DKB DKB23 NS NS4 VIP3 VIP NS7 NS8 P2501 P P301 P356 F 30F5 66667 66 667 66,66 88889 88 889 88,88 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 replications ha- recommendations recommended 20202 202 2 2020/ AS15 B24 B26 BG70 DKB2 P250 P30 P35 30F 6666 6 66,6 8888 8 88,8 20 AS1 B2 BG7 P25 P3 666 66, 888 88, P2

ABSTRACT Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) adopts a hierarchical approach to classify soils using specific diagnostic attributes. Organossolos (Histosols) class is differentiated according to its genesis, especially because the parent material is organic, thus requiring diagnostic attributes that describe the unique properties of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed to propose the use of labile organic carbon and the C and N contents of humic fractions and their ratios for the family and series levels of the Brazilian Soil Classification System for Organossolos in high mountainous regions. Quantitative chemical fractionation of SOM was performed to obtain the humic fractions and determine the labile oxidizable carbon in 16 Organossolos profiles from Itatiaia National Park, RJ. Carbon and nitrogen contents of the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions were obtained, as well as the percentages of these fractions in relation to the total carbon and nitrogen in the soil. Carbon and nitrogen ratios were calculated for each fraction. Results showed little variation in the levels of labile organic carbon between the profiles but a large variation in total carbon and nitrogen levels, especially in the Organossolo Fólico Hêmico lítico profile. The ratios between the carbon and nitrogen of humic acids and fulvic acids (means of HAC/FAC = 1.61 and AHN/FACN = 1.05), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract and humin (means of AEC/HUMC = 0.71 and AEN/HUMN = 0.38), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract, and total carbon and total nitrogen (means of AEC/TC = 0.28 and AEN/TN = 0.19) were effective in determining the humification level of the profiles. This study proposes that the attributes evaluated, especially the ratio between the carbon of the alkaline extract of the humic substances (carbon of the fulvic acid fraction + carbon of the humic acid fraction) and the total soil carbon, as well as the ratio between the C and N of the humin fraction, should be used to define lower categorical levels of Organossolos. This new approach could facilitate the classification of these soils and contribute to a better understanding of the composition of Organossolos in Brazil. SiBCS (SiBCS Histosols (Histosols genesis SOM. . (SOM) regions 1 Park RJ obtained profile means HACFAC HAC FAC 161 61 1.6 AHNFACN AHN FACN 1.05, 105 1.05 , 05 1.05) AECHUMC AEC HUMC 071 0 71 0.7 AENHUMN AEN HUMN 0.38, 038 0.38 38 0.38) AECTC TC 028 28 0.2 AENTN TN 0.19 019 19 evaluated Brazil (SOM 6 1. 10 1.0 07 7 0. 03 0.3 3 02 2 0.1 01

RESUMO Introdução: até hoje, poucas pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas com o intuito de avaliar a utilidade do Kollicoat MAE® 100P como polímero formador de filme para recobrimento de nanocápsulas e como formador de matriz para preparação de nanoesferas. Objetivo: atualizar o estado da arte sobre a utilização de Kollicoat MAE® 100P para a preparação de nanopartículas gastrorresistentes, suas caracterís ticas físico-químicas e a funcionalidade das nanopartículas cobertas com Kollicoat MAE® 100P. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão exaustiva (de 1980 a 2021) em várias bases de dados como Medline, Scopus, EBSCO e Cambridge. Resul tados: Kollicoat MAE® 100P é um polímero versátil, que pode ser utilizado para a preparação de nanopartículas gastrorresistentes carregadas com ativos naturais e sintéticos, com tamanho menor que 130 nm, baja polidispersão e alto potencial z, o que lhe confere grande estabilidade. O Kollicoat MAE® 100P combinadas com plastificantes adequados, produze cobertas duras e flexíveis, com excelente estabili dade térmica até 60 °C, que dissolvem em pH acima de 5,5. Conclusões: Kollicoat MAE® 100P representa uma alternativa viável, de baixo custo e multifuncional para a preparação de nanocápsulas e nanoesferas gastroresistentes. No entanto, outros estudos são necessários para desenvolver nanoformulações baseadas neste polímero com melhor funcionalidade.

RESUMEN Introducción: hasta ahora, pocos trabajos de investigaciones han relatado la utilidad de Kollicoat MAE® 100P como polímero formador de película para el recubrimiento de nanocápsulas y como formador de matriz para preparar nanoesferas. Objetivo: actualizar el estado del conocimiento sobre las características fisicoquímicas de Kollicoat MAE® 100P, su uso como material formador de películas de cubierta para preparación de nanopartículas gastrorresistentes, y la funcionalidad de las nanopartículas preparadas con este polímero. Metodología: se realizó una revisión exhaus tiva (de 1980 a 2021) en varias bases de datos como Medline, Scopus, EBSCO y Cambridge. Resultados: Kollicoat MAE® 100P es un polímero versátil que puede utilizarse para la preparación de nanopartículas gastrorresistentes usando activos naturales y sintéticos. Este polímero produce nanopartículas menores que 130 nm, bajo índice de polidispersión y potencial z relativamente altos, lo que confiere gran estabilidad a formulaciones de nanopartículas. El Kollicoat MAE® 100P, combinado con un plastificante adecuado, produce una cubierta dura y flexible, con excelente estabilidad térmica a temperaturas hasta 60 °C que se disuelve a pH mayores que 5,5. Conclusión: Kollicoat MAE® 100P es un polímero multifuncional, de bajo costo útil para preparar nanopartículas gastroresistentes. Sin embargo, podrían realizarse otros estudios para desarrollar nanopartículas con mejor funcionalidad.

SUMMARY Introduction: Until now, few research works have reported the usefulness of Kollicoat MAE® 100P as a film-former polymer for coating nanocapsules and as a matrix former for nanospheres. Aim: To update the current knowledge about the use of Kollicoat MAE® 100P as a film-former polymeric to prepare gastro-resistant nanoparticles. Physicochemical characteristics and functionality of nanoparticles coated with Kollicoat MAE® 100P were reported. Methodology: An exhaus tive review was performed (from 1980 to 2021) in various scientific databases like Medline, Scopus, EBSCO and Cambridge. Results: Kollicoat MAE® 100P is a versatile polymer that can be used to prepare gastro-resistant nanoparticles with actives of natural and synthetic origin. This polymer allows producing homogeneous nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 130 nm, and high z-potential, which confers a great stability to nanoparticle systems. On the other side, nanoparticles coated with Kollicoat MAE® 100P combined with plasticizer exhibit a hard and flexible shell, with excellent thermal stability up to 60 °C that dissolve at pH above 5.5. Conclu sion: Kollicoat MAE® 100P ris a viable, low-cost, and multifunctional alternative for nanoparticle preparation, however, more studies are needed to develop enhanced nanoparticles with better performances.