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RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as práticas de ressuscitação volêmica em unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras e compará-las com as de outros países participantes do estudo Fluid-TRIPS. Métodos: Este foi um estudo observacional transversal, prospectivo e internacional, de uma amostra de conveniência de unidades de terapia intensiva de 27 países (inclusive o Brasil), com utilização da base de dados Fluid-TRIPS compilada em 2014. Descrevemos os padrões de ressuscitação volêmica utilizados no Brasil em comparação com os de outros países e identificamos os fatores associados com a escolha dos fluidos. Resultados: No dia do estudo, foram incluídos 3.214 pacientes do Brasil e 3.493 pacientes de outros países, dos quais, respectivamente, 16,1% e 26,8% (p < 0,001) receberam fluidos. A principal indicação para ressuscitação volêmica foi comprometimento da perfusão e/ou baixo débito cardíaco (Brasil 71,7% versus outros países 56,4%; p < 0,001). No Brasil, a percentagem de pacientes que receberam soluções cristaloides foi mais elevada (97,7% versus 76,8%; p < 0,001), e solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% foi o cristaloide mais comumente utilizado (62,5% versus 27,1%; p < 0,001). A análise multivariada sugeriu que os níveis de albumina se associaram com o uso tanto de cristaloides quanto de coloides, enquanto o tipo de prescritor dos fluidos se associou apenas com o uso de cristaloides. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que cristaloides são usados mais frequentemente do que coloides para ressuscitação no Brasil, e essa discrepância, em termos de frequências, é mais elevada do que em outros países. A solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% foi o cristaloide mais frequentemente prescrito. Os níveis de albumina sérica e o tipo de prescritor de fluidos foram os fatores associados com a escolha de cristaloides ou coloides para a prescrição de fluidos.

Abstract Objective: To describe fluid resuscitation practices in Brazilian intensive care units and to compare them with those of other countries participating in the Fluid-TRIPS. Methods: This was a prospective, international, cross-sectional, observational study in a convenience sample of intensive care units in 27 countries (including Brazil) using the Fluid-TRIPS database compiled in 2014. We described the patterns of fluid resuscitation use in Brazil compared with those in other countries and identified the factors associated with fluid choice. Results: On the study day, 3,214 patients in Brazil and 3,493 patients in other countries were included, of whom 16.1% and 26.8% (p < 0.001) received fluids, respectively. The main indication for fluid resuscitation was impaired perfusion and/or low cardiac output (Brazil: 71.7% versus other countries: 56.4%, p < 0.001). In Brazil, the percentage of patients receiving crystalloid solutions was higher (97.7% versus 76.8%, p < 0.001), and 0.9% sodium chloride was the most commonly used crystalloid (62.5% versus 27.1%, p < 0.001). The multivariable analysis suggested that the albumin levels were associated with the use of both crystalloids and colloids, whereas the type of fluid prescriber was associated with crystalloid use only. Conclusion: Our results suggest that crystalloids are more frequently used than colloids for fluid resuscitation in Brazil, and this discrepancy in frequencies is higher than that in other countries. Sodium chloride (0.9%) was the crystalloid most commonly prescribed. Serum albumin levels and the type of fluid prescriber were the factors associated with the choice of crystalloids or colloids for fluid resuscitation.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20210028 273 downloads

Descrição morfológica do coração e dos vasos da base do jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare Daudin, 1802) proveniente de zoocriadouro
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Alves, Ana C.

; Ribeiro, Daniel B. de C.L.

; Cotrin, João V.

; Resende, Henrique R.A. de

; Drummond, Cristina D.

; Almeida, Fernanda R.C.L. de

; Vicente Neto, João

; Sousa, Raimundo V. de

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jun 2016, Volume 36 Suppl. 1 Pages 8 - 14

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Com este estudo objetivou-se descrever os aspectos anatômicos e histológicos do coração do jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare), proveniente de zoocriadouro. Para tanto, estudou-se 13 exemplares da espécie, os quais foram perfundidos, conservados em solução de formaldeído a 10% e submetidos às técnicas anatômicas específicas. O coração foi separado e amostras foram colhidas e submetidas à avaliação histológica. Macroscopicamente o coração é tetracavitário, e além de dois átrios e dois ventrículos, apresenta uma estrutura denominada cone arterial, do qual emergem os vasos da base do coração. Foram identificadas duas aortas, direita e esquerda, sendo que a esquerda emerge do ventrículo direito e se comunica com o tronco sistêmico direito por meio do forame de Panizza. Histologicamente o coração possui epicárdio, miocárdio e endocárdio típicos. Concluímos que a histologia do coração, no jacaré-do-pantanal, é semelhante à de outras espécies de répteis. Contudo, anatomicamente apresenta particularidades importantes, as quais representam, possivelmente, adaptações que permitiram a perpetuação da espécie.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe anatomical and histological aspects of the heart of Caiman yacare from a crocodile breeding center. For this purpose, we have chosen and further studied 13 specimens which were perfused and preserved in a 10% formaldehyde solution and they were subjected to the specific anatomical techniques. The heart was separated and samples were collected and submitted to the specific histological procedures. Macroscopically, the heart is four-chambered and besides two atria and two ventricles, has a structure called arterial cone from which the large vessels of the heart emerge. Two aortas, left and right, were identified. The left aorta emerges from the right ventricle and communicates with the systemic trunk through the Foramen of Panizza. From a histological point of view, the heart is typically composed of epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. According to these observations, it is assumed that the histology of the heart of "Jacaré-do-Pantanal" is similar to other species of reptiles. However, there are some anatomic particularities, which possibly represent the adaptations allowing the perpetuation of the species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016001300002 10065 downloads

Sperm Quality and Testicular Histomorphometry of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Extract and Fractions of Fruit of Tribulus terrestris L.
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Oliveira, Nelma Neylanne Pinho Muniz

; Félix, Matheus Augusto Rodrigues

; Pereira, Tauany Costa Silva

; Rocha, Luiz Gustavo Pessoa

; Miranda, José Rafael

; Zangeronimo, Márcio Gilberto

; Pinto, José Eduardo Brasil Pereira

; Bertolucci, Suzan Kelly Vilela

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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dec 2015, Volume 58 N. 6 Pages 891 - 897

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the sperm quality and testicular histomorphometry of Wistar rats supplemented with extract and fractions of fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. The ethanolic extract was obtained by dynamic maceration of spray-dried fruit. This extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition, using increasing polarity solvents. Twenty male rats were separated in four groups, with five rats in each group. The control was supplemented with distilled water, while the others were daily given the ethanolic extract, hexanic or aqueous fraction soluble in methanol in a dose of 42 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 70 days. Sperm was obtained from the right epididymal tail for the analysis of motility, count, morphology and viability. The testicular weight of groups supplemented with ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction soluble in methanol was higher when compared to the control. The gonadosomatic index increased in the group supplemented with ethanolic extract. The nuclear, cytoplasmic and individual volume of Leydig cells increased in supplementation with hexanic and aqueous fractions soluble in methanol. It was concluded that the extract influenced the spermatogenesis, while hexanic and aqueous fractions soluble in methanol promoted the changes in the intertubular compartment. Therefore, Tribulus terrestris did not improve the sperm quality of the rats.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132015060278 4985 downloads

Anti-obesity Effects of the Administration of Tournefortia paniculata Cham Extract on Wistar Rats Subjected to a Hypercaloric Diet
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Simão, Anderson Assaid

; Ramos, Vinicius de Oliveira

; Corrêa, Angelita Duarte

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Marcussi, Silvana

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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aug 2015, Volume 58 N. 4 Pages 494 - 503

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and toxicologic effects of the administration of the powered vegetable extract and aqueous extract of Tournefortia paniculata leaves on Wistar rats, subjected to a hypercaloric diet for 42 days. The rats were divided into five groups and were given the following treatments by gavage: T0 (control) - 1.0 mL water day-1; T1 - aqueous extract containing 14 mg phenolic compounds kg-1 rat day-1; T2 - 14 mg quercetin kg-1 rat day-1; T3 - 50 mg powered vegetable extract from T. paniculata leaves (PVE) kg-1 rat day-1 and T4 - 100 mg PVE kg-1 rat day-1. The treatments did not significantly alter the weight, but were effective in reducing liver fat, glucose and serum triglycerides. The treatment T1 reduced food consumption and lipid peroxidation. None of the treatments showed genotoxic potential. Results showed that T. paniculata leaves possessed an anti-obesity potential. However, a more detailed study of the medicinal potential and characterization of phytochemicals in this plant would be still necessary for a better understanding of its mechanisms of action, enabling future applications in the treatment of this pathology or for various therapeutic purposes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201500075 2042 downloads

Metabolic and behavioral effects of ractopamine at continuous low levels in rats under stress
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Lopes, Edna

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Zangeronimo, Márcio Gilberto

; Pereira, Andressa Naira de Jesus

; Coelho, Mariana de Resende

; Ferreira, Matheus Soares da Silva

; Lima, Renato Ribeiro

; Marcondes, Fernanda Klein

; Napimoga, Marcelo Henrique

; Pereira, Luciano José

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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jun 2015, Volume 58 N. 3 Pages 406 - 413

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of ractopamine (RAC) on metabolism, zootechnical performance, body composition, and behavior in Wistar rats submitted to acute and chronic restrain stress. The oral dose of 5 mg/kg of RAC was administered in periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The elevated plus-maze test (EPMT) was used for behavioral assessment. Blood, carcass and viscera characteristics were evaluated. Insulin-dependent glucose transporters (GLUT-4) were semi-quantified by Western Blot in epididymal adipocytes. RAC periods associated with chronic stress increased the GLUT-4 protein expression in adipose tissue in a time-dependent manner (P=0.01), i.e., the longer the RAC addition period, the higher the GLUT-4 concentration in chronically stressed animals (0=1.42; 7=1.19; 14=2.03; 21=1.59; 28=2.35). The stress periods combined with RAC increased the time spent in the opened arms of the maze (Chronic stress: 0=10.6; 7=8.7; 14=5.9; 21=12.3; 28=4.0; Acute stress 0=3.1; 7= 4.7; 14=7.5; 21=0.0; 28=2.8) (P=0.04). Chronic (entries on the closed arms [ECA]=3.60) and acute (ECA=3.80) stress reduced locomotive activity in the maze (P=0.03). The results suggested that stress could negatively affect the possible benefits offered by the RAC, mainly impairing the adipose tissue metabolism and behavior in the animals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201500056 1611 downloads

Caracterização química e efeito cicatrizante de quitosana, com baixos valores de massa molar e grau de acetilação, em lesões cutâneas
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Fráguas, Rodrigo Martins

; Rocha, Denise Alvarenga

; Queiroz, Estela de Rezende

; Abreu, Celeste Maria Patto de

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Oliveira Júnior, Enio Nazaré de

Polímeros

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apr 2015, Volume 25 N. 2 Pages 205 - 211

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Inúmeras pesquisas buscam fármacos com propriedades cicatrizantes, capazes de reparar lesões cutâneas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar quimicamente uma quitosana e avaliar seus efeitos cicatrizantes em lesões cutâneas de ratos. A quitosana foi caracterizada quanto à viscosidade, massa molar, grau de acetilação, análise elementar, termogravimetria e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. As propriedades cicatrizantes da quitosana foram avaliadas, para isso ratos adultos foram submetidos à excisão tecidual e tratados por 21 dias, sendo avaliados parâmetros macroscópicos, semanalmente, e microscópicos, ao final do experimento. A quitosana apresentou viscosidade de 5 mPa s, baixo grau de acetilação (GA=5,9%) e massa molar (132,0 kDa). Por análise elementar observou-se que a composição da quitosana se aproxima da fórmula C6H11O4N, suas principais bandas características foram observadas no espectro de infravermelho e a curva termogravimétrica mostrou que esta apresenta somente duas etapas de decomposição. Não houve diferença significativa na histologia, no 21º dia da lesão, entre os grupos controle e tratado, porém, macroscopicamente, a quitosana promoveu redução de 81,4% da largura das lesões, porcentagem significativamente superior à observada no grupo controle (71,2%), auxiliando a cura de lesões cutâneas, o que reforça seu potencial de aplicação médica.

Several researches look for drugs with healing properties, capable to cure skin lesions. The objective of this study was to chemically characterize one chitosan and evaluate its healing effects in mice skin lesions. The chitosan was characterized in relation to the viscosity, molar mass, acetylation degree, elementary analysis, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. To evaluate the healing properties of chitosan mices were submitted to tissue excision and treated during 21 days. The macroscopic parameters were weekly evaluated and the microscopic parameters at the end of the experiment. Chitosan presented viscosity of 5 mPa s, low acetylation degree (GA= 5.9%) and molar mass of 132.0 kDa. By elemental analysis, we observed that the composition of chitosan is similar to the formula C6H11O4N, its main characteristic bands were observed in the infrared spectrum and the thermogravimetric curve showed two decomposition steps. There was no significant difference on the histology between the control and the treated group after the 21st day of lesion. Macroscopically, chitosan caused the reduction of 81.4% of the lesions width, which is significantly superior to the observed reduction in the control group (71.2%), thus helping the cure of skin lesions. These results reinforces its potential use for medical application.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1778 3417 downloads

Effect of beta-glucans in the control of blood glucose levels of diabetic patients: a systematic review
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Andrade, Eric Francelino

; Vieira Lobato, Raquel

; Vasques de Araújo, Ticiana

; Zangerônimo, Márcio Gilberto

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Pereira, Luciano José

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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jan 2015, Volume 31 N. 1 Pages 170 - 177

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Functional foods have been widely utilized to reduce the symptoms of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Among the foods used to combat these effects are soluble fibres, mainly those rich in beta-glucans (BGs). Objective: To review the effects of beta-glucans (BGs) on glucose plasmatic levels of diabetic individuals. Design: A search was conducted using the Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo databases using the keywords: diabetes mellitus and beta-glucan and glucose and glycaemia. As inclusion criteria, only studies on diabetic human individuals (type 1 or type 2) who consumed BGs were selected. Results and Discussion: Of the 819 initial articles retrieved, only 10 fit the inclusion criteria and were used in the study. It was observed that doses around 6.0g/person/ day, for at least 4 weeks were sufficient to provoke improvements in the blood glucose levels and also lipid parameters of individuals with DM. However, glucose levels do not reach normal levels using BG alone. Low doses of BG for at least 12 weeks were also reported to promote metabolic benefits. Conclusions: Based on previous research, it was concluded that the ingestion of BGs was efficient in decreasing glucose levels of diabetic patients. The consumption of greater doses or smaller doses for longer periods of time produced better results.

Introducción: Alimentos funcionales han sido ampliamente utilizados para reducir los síntomas de diversas enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus (DM). Entre los alimentos utilizados en el combate de estos efectos, están las fibras solubles, principalmente aquellas que tienen buena cantidad de beta-glucano (BG’s). Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar los efectos de los BG´s en los parámetros metabólicos de individuos diabéticos. Métodos: Fue conducida una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed, ScienceDirect y cielo, utilizando las siguientes palabras-clave: diabetes mellitus and beta- glucano and glucosa and glucemia. Como criterio de inclusión, fueron seleccionados solamente estudios en individuos diabéticos (tipo 1 o tipo 2) que consumieron BG´s. Resultados y Discusión: De los 819 trabajos inicialmente encontrados, 10 artículos se encuadraron en los criterios de inclusión, y por eso fueran utilizados en el estudio. Fue observado que dosis superiores de 6,0 g/ individuo/día, o dosis más grandes que 3,0 g/individuo/ día por un periodo de tiempo más largo, son suficientes para provocar mejoras en los parámetros glucémicos y lipidicos de portadores de DM. Bajas dosis de BG por al menos 12 semanas también presentaron efectos metabólicos benéficos. Conclusión: Tomando en cuenta los resultados observados, se concluye que los BG´s son eficientes en la atenuación de los efectos indeseables del DM, siendo las dosis más grandes o el consumo de pequeñas cantidades por un tiempo más largo las que promueven resultados mejores.

https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.1.7597 1888 downloads

Ractopamine levels on performance, carcass characteristics and quality of pig meat
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Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Cantarelli, Vinícius de Souza

; Pimenta, Maria Emília de Sousa Gomes

; Zangeronimo, Márcio Gilberto

; Silveira, Hebert

; Kuribayashi, Thiago Hiroshi

; Cerqueira, Luis Gustavo dos Santos

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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may 2013, Volume 42 N. 5 Pages 325 - 333

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study evaluated the effect of ractopamine (RAC) on the performance of finishing pigs and the meat quality of these animals. Seventy crossbred pigs (35 barrows and 35 females) selected for high gain of lean meat, with initial weight of 77.1±0.32 kg were distributed in randomized blocks with five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm RAC in the diet) and seven replications during 28 days. The experimental unit was represented by a male and a female pig. Regarding the performance variables, there was a linear increase in final weight with increasing levels of RAC, as well as in average daily weight gain. An improvement in feed conversion was observed for animals fed RAC, and the optimal level - estimated by the LRP model - was ~ 5 ppm. For feed intake, no significant effect on intake of digestible lysine and energy intake was observed. Carcass yield responses increased linearly with the RAC dose. Ash content, color component b* and loss drip linearly decreased with increasing doses of RAC. There was also a significant difference in the percentage of ether extract and crude protein in the loin, and treatment with 20 ppm RAC showed a lower amount of protein and larger amounts of lipids. Moisture content, color component L*, weight loss by cooking and defrosting, shear force and pH were not affected by the treatment. Concerning the lipid oxidation, there was no effect of RAC on the concentration of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) under cooling and under freezing. Thus, all ractopamine levels improve performance compared with control and do not negatively affect the quality of fresh, chilled or frozen pig meat.

3750 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

Effect of ractopamine on lipid metabolism in vivo - a systematic review
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Ferreira, Matheus Soares da Silva

; Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil

; Oberlender, Guilherme

; Pereira, Luciano José

; Zangeronimo, Márcio Gilberto

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Cantarelli, Vinícius de Souza

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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feb 2013, Volume 56 N. 1 Pages 35 - 43

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aim of this article was to evaluate the in vivo mechanism of action through which ractopamine reduces the amount of adipose tissue in carcass of animals fed diets supplemented with this drug. Literature search was carried out, using the keywords Ractopamine, lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid and adipose tissue. The scoring system was designed for the adequacy of the methodology. A total of eight papers were found - all published in the English language. The determination of lipolysis and lipogenesis was carried out using different methods - from the quantification of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood to molecular analyses of adipose tissue. The review analysis suggested that, at least in the pigs, the use of this drug reduced lipid deposition in the carcass due to a greater inhibition of lipogenesis than an increase in lipolysis.

3242 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

10.

Ractopamine in diets for finishing pigs of different sexual categories
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Barbosa, Carlos Enrique da Trindade

; Silva, Carolina Teixeira Costa

; Cantarelli, Vinícius de Souza

; Zangeronimo, Márcio Gilberto

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil

; Amaral, Níkolas de Oliveira

; Zeviani, Walmes Marques

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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may 2012, Volume 41 N. 5 Pages 1173 - 1179

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Performance and carcass and cut yield of finishing pigs of three sexual categories fed diets with different levels of ractopamine were studied. Forty-eight hybrid animals (initial weight of 92.1±2.4 kg) were distributed in a completely randomised design in 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three sexual categories: surgically castrated males, two females and immunologically castrated males - with or without 10 ppm of ractopamine), totalling six treatments and eight repetitions with one animal per experimental plot during 28 days. Ractopamine improved weight gain and feed conversion of all sexual categories. The best results were obtained with immunologically castrated males, which, in turn, had lower carcass yield and backfat thickness in the belly. In the absence of ractopamine, depth and loin eye area were higher in females but no differences in these variables were observed between categories when this additive was used. Ractopamine increased the sirloin yield in all sexual categories. There was no difference in bonus index. Ractopamine improves the performance of pigs of 92 to 125 kg. Immunologically castrated males have the best performance responses to ractopamine, but with losses in carcass yield, loin characteristics and backfat thickness of the belly.

1837 downloads

11.

Potential of wet blue leather waste for ruminant feeding
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Silva, Rodrigo Carvalho

; Resende Júnior, João Chrysostomo de

; Lima, Ronaldo Francisco de

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Oliveira, Luiz Carlos Alves de

; Daniel, João Luiz Pratti

; Moreira, Anselmo de Oliveira

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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apr 2012, Volume 41 N. 4 Pages 1070 - 1073

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to find an alternative to minimize environmental contamination by leather waste using it as ruminant feed. The wet blue leather wastes (WB) without chrome extraction were compared with the leather wastes in which the chrome was extracted (CE). Both materials had 99.7% of dry matter (DM), but the crude protein level was higher (90.4%) in CE than in WB (74.3%). In situ effective ruminal degradability of DM was 59.7% and it was 63.1% for CP in CE. The WB did not suffer degradation in the rumen. In vitro abomasal digestibility of CE was 100%. The percentage of degradation per hour was higher for CE (8.2%) than for WB (0.08%). The mineral content was higher in wet blue leather wastes (10.4%) than in CE (0.4%) reflecting the chrome level and demonstrating that the removal process of this mineral is efficient. The use in animal feed is presented as a viable alternative for the disposal of waste and scrap generated by the leather tanning industry and treated by the extraction method, thus minimizing environmental contamination and providing a source of protein for animal feed.

2982 downloads

12.

Método de obtenção e análise da composição centesimal do polvilho da fruta-de -lobo(Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil)
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Rocha, Denise Alvarenga

; Abreu, Celeste Maria Patto de

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Corrêa, Angelita Duarte

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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mar 2012, Volume 34 N. 1 Pages 248 - 254

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O polvilho da fruta-de-lobo é um produto extraído da polpa da fruta-de-lobo verde (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil), popularmente utilizado. Pouco se conhece a respeito desse polvilho, apesar de ele ser comercializado em farmácias na região de Lavras-MG, na forma de cápsulas de 300 mg. É utilizado no tratamento da diabetes e a ele são atribuídos outros efeitos terapêuticos, como a redução da obesidade e do colesterol, mas sem conhecimento científico e sem conhecer sua composição centesimal. Com o objetivo de conhecer sua composição centesimal, foram coletadas 80 frutas-de-lobo na área de pastagem do Departamento de Zootecnia, na Universidade Federal de Lavras. Foram selecionadas 61 frutas, levando em consideração o tamanho e o estádio de maturação. As frutas selecionadas foram lavadas, descascadas e picadas, as sementes retiradas, trituradas e o polvilho obtido foi filtrado, decantado, lavado com água destilada por duas vezes e seco em estufa de ventilação. A amostra foi triturada em um gral de porcelana e armazenada em um recipiente de vidro hermeticamente fechado e protegido da luz, sob temperatura ambiente. Foram realizadas as análises de composição centesimal, observando-se que, no polvilho da fruta-de-lobo, os carboidratos são os constituintes predominantes (84,99%), seguidos de fibras solúveis (1,35%), fibras insolúveis (1,60%), proteínas (0,60%), lipídeos (0,07%), cinzas (0,03%) e umidade (11,16%). Os teores de fibras alimentares encontrados no polvilho da fruta-de-lobo podem estar relacionados aos efeitos terapêuticos que são atribuídos a ele.

Fruit-of-wolf flour is a product extracted from the unripe fruit-of-wolf pulp (Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil), according to folk knowledge. Little is known of that starch; in spite of it is being marketed in pharmacies in the region of Lavras, in 300 mg capsules. It is utilized in the treatment of diabetes and it is also ascribed other therapeutic effects such as reduction of obesity and cholesterol, but without any scientific knowledge and without knowing its centesimal composition. With the objective of knowing its centesimal composition, eighty fruits were collected in the pasture area of the Animal Science Department of the UFLA/Lavras-MG. Sixty-one fruits were selected, taking into account the size and maturation stage. The selected fruits were washed, peeled, chopped, the seeds removed and the obtained starch was filtered, decanted, washed with distilled water twice and dried in an air forced oven. The sample was ground in a china mortar and stored in air-tightly sealed glass container and protected from light at room temperature. The centesimal composition analyses were performed and observing that in the fruit-of-wolf flour, carbohydrates are the predominant constituents (84.99%), followed by soluble fibers (1.35%), insoluble fibers (1.60%), proteins (0.60%), lipids (0.07%), ashes (0.03%) and moisture (11.16%). The contents of food fibers found in the fruit-of-wolf flour can be related to the therapeutic effects which are ascribed to it.

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13.

Atividade antioxidante in vitro e in vivo de café bebida mole
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Abrahão, Sheila Andrade

; Pereira, Rosemary Gualberto Fonseca Alvarenga

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Lima, Adriene Ribeiro

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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jan 2012, Volume 47 N. 1 Pages 127 - 133

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade antioxidante do café, bebida mole, in vivo e in vitro, antes e após a torração. Para a análise da atividade antioxidante in vitro, foram utilizados os métodos de sequestro de radicais livres (DPPH) e de atividade quelante de íons Fe2+. Foram utilizados, para o ensaio in vivo, ratos Zucker diabéticos, portadores de síndrome metabólica, e ratos Zucker controle. Os animais receberam doses diárias das bebidas de café, por gavagem, por 30 dias. Após o tratamento, foi realizada a avaliação de peroxidação lipídica. As amostras torradas apresentaram a maior percentagem de sequestro de radicais livres. As concentrações nas amostras de café verde e torrado foram similares às do padrão Trolox. Das amostras torradas, a torração média se destacou com maior atividade quelante de íons Fe2+. Os cafés verdes mostraram maior poder quelante do que os torrados. Compostos presentes no extrato diminuíram a lipoperoxidação hepática e renal que é comum em casos de diabetes e síndrome metabólica. O café apresenta atividade antioxidante e protege o fígado e os rins dos animais contra a lipoperoxidação comumente presente em quadros de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica.

The objective of this work was to determine the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of soft coffee beverages, before and after roasting. For the analysis of the antioxidant activity, the methods of free radical sequestration (DPPH) and of the chelating activity of Fe2+ ions were used. In vivo tests were performed with diabetic Zucker rats with metabolic syndrome and control Zucker rats. The animals received daily doses of coffee drinks by gavage for 30 days. After treatment, lipid peroxidation was evaluated. Roasted coffee samples had the highest percentage of free radical sequestration. Concentration in both green and roasted coffee samples was similar to that of the Trolox standard. From the roasted samples, medium roast stood out with greater Fe2+ ion chelating activity. Green coffees showed higher quelating power than the roasted ones. The compounds in the extract decreased the lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidney which is common in cases of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Coffee has an antioxidant activity and protects the liver and kidneys of animals from lipid peroxidation commonly present in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

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14.

Efeito de diferentes tipos de fibras sobre frações lipídicas do sangue e fígado de ratos wistar
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Eufrásio, Moacir Robson

; Barcelos, Maria de Fátima Piccolo

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Abreu, Wilson César de

; Lima, Maria Aparecida Correa

; Pereira, Michel Cardoso de Angelis

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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dec 2009, Volume 33 N. 6 Pages 1608 - 1614

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Conduziu-se o presente estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de fibras sobre as fraçoes lipídicas do sangue e fígado de ratos. Para determinar o efeito da pectina citrica, goma guar e celulose sobre o perfil lipidico dos ratos utilizaramse 36 ratos machos da linhagem wistar. Os ratos foram distribuidos aleatoreamente em seis grupos. Cada gruopo foi submetido a uma dieta por 58 dias. As dietas utilizadas foram: A- 10% de pectina, B - 15% de pectina, C - 10% de goma guar, D- 15% de goma guar, E - 5% de Celulose sem colesterol e F - 5% celulose com 1% de colesterol. A pectina e a goma guar evitaram o aumento do colesterol total e LDL-c sérico observado na dieta F (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os tipos de fibras e a quantidades utilizadas. Os níveis séricos HDL-c, VLDL-c e TAG permaneceram inalterados em todos os tratamentos. Os resultados mostram o potencial efeito benéfico da ingestão das fibras solúveis pectina e goma guar no controle da colesterolemia.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different types of fibers on lipid portions of mice blood and liver. To determine the effect of citric pectin, guar gum and cellulose on the rat lipid profile, 36 male mice of the Wistar strain were utilized. The mice were allocated randomly into six groups. Each group was submitted to an experimental diet for 58 days. The utilized diets were: A- 10% pectin, B - 15% pectin, C - 10% guar gum, D- 15% guar gum, E - 5% cellulose with no cholesterol and F - 5% cellulose with 1% cholesterol. Pectin and guar gum prevented the increase of total cholesterol and serum LDL-c found in diet F (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the types of soluble fibers and the amounts utilized. The serum levels HDL-c, VLDL-c, and TAG did not alter in all the treatments. The results show the potential beneficial effect of the ingestion of the soluble fibers pectin and guar gum in cholesterolemia control.

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15.

Efeitos da farinha de folhas de mandioca sobre a atividade das enzimas AST, ALT, FA e lipídios hepáticos de ratos Wistar
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Melo, Daniela Séfora de

; Corrêa, Angelita Duarte

; Marcos, Flávia Cristina Almeida

; Sousa, Raimundo Vicente de

; Abreu, Celeste Maria Patto de

; Santos, Custódio Donizete dos

Food Science and Technology

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dec 2008, Volume 28 Pages 32 - 37

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Folhas de mandioca possuem substâncias como ligninas e saponinas que podem apresentar efeito hipolipidêmico. Todavia, um estudo recente relatou aumento no peso do fígado de ratos alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de folhas de mandioca (FFM - Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Cacao), tornando-se necessário um estudo mais aprofundado dos efeitos desta farinha sobre os parâmetros hepáticos. Para este estudo, um ensaio biológico com 32 ratos machos Wistar foi conduzido por um período de 7 semanas, sendo os tratamentos: dieta controle e dietas contendo 5, 10 e 15% de FFM. As dietas contendo FFM não apresentaram efeitos sobre as atividades das enzimas Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST) e Fosfatase Alcalina (FA), mas aumentaram significativamente a atividade da enzima alanina aminotransferase (ALT). O estudo histopatológico revelou vacuolização do citoplasma dos hepatócitos para todos os grupos. No entanto, a freqüência de animais com vacuolização acentuada foi superior nos grupos que receberam dietas com FFM, apresentando também maiores teores de lipídios e colesterol total hepáticos e maior relação peso fígado/peso corporal. Estes resultados indicam que os antinutrientes presentes nas folhas de mandioca, como taninos, cianeto e saponinas, podem ser responsáveis pela redução da função hepática nos animais alimentados com FFM.

Cassava leaves contain substances such as lignins and saponins that can present the hypolipidemic effect. However, a recent study has reported an increase in liver weight of rats fed diet containing cassava leaves flour (CLF - Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Cacao). Thus, a further study of the effect of this flour on the hepatic parameters is necessary. For the development of this study, a biological assay with 32 male Wistar rats was conducted for a period of 7 weeks with the following treatments: control diet and diets containing 5, 10, and 15% of CLF. The diets containing CLF showed no effects on the Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) enzymes activity, but they significantly increased the Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity. The histopathologic study showed hepatocytes cytoplasm vacuolization for all groups. However, the number of animals with sharp vacuolization was higher in the groups that received diets with CLF , which also showed higher levels of hepatic lipids, total cholesterol, and greater ratio liver weight / body weight. These results indicate that the antinutrients in the cassava leaves, such as tannins, cyanide, and saponins are probably responsible for the reduction in the hepatic function of animals fed with CLF.

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