ABSTRACT This study describes the laboratory investigation of two acute Chagas disease outbreaks that occurred in the riverside communities of Marimarituba and Cachoeira do Arua, in the Santarem municipality, Para State, located in the Northern region of Brazil, and occurred in March 2016 and August 2017, respectively. The generation of data regarding the diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites circulating in the Amazon region is key for understanding the emergence and expansion of Chagas disease. This study aimed to identify T. cruzi Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) involved in two outbreaks of acute Chagas disease (ACD) directly from the patient’s biological sample. Nested and multiplex PCR targeting the 24Sα (rRNA) and mini-exon genes, respectively, were used to identify T. cruzi DTU in blood samples from patients diagnosed with ACD. The samples with positive cPCR were submitted for analysis for T. cruzi DTUs, which included 13 samples from the patients with ACD by oral transmission and two samples collected from two newborns of two women with ACD, from Marimarituba and Cachoeira do Arua. The samples were classified as T. cruzi TcIV, from Marimarituba’s outbreak, and T. cruzi TcI, from Cachoeira do Arua’s outbreak. The molecular identification of T. cruzi may increase understanding of the role of this parasite in Chagas disease’s emergence within the Amazon region, contributing to the improvement of the management of this important, but also neglected, disease. Arua municipality State Brazil 201 2017 respectively T DTUs (DTUs (ACD patient s sample Sα rRNA (rRNA miniexon mini exon genes 1 TcIV Marimaritubas outbreak TcI Aruas diseases important neglected 20 2

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of processing, packages (amber and transparent glass jars), and storage time on the stability of the bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds and vitamin C), and antioxidant activity of mangaba jelly. Jelly processing, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The storage time, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all the variables studied in this work, although they were not affected by packages. A significant decrease of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was observed during the jelly storage. HPLC-DAD/UV-Vis analyses allowed to identify 10 phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and non-flavonoids, and among these, quercetin and catechin were the major compounds. After processing, all these compounds decreased significantly (p < 0.05), except for the gallic acid and the p-coumaric acid, which presented an increasing tendency. During jelly storage, only gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and rutin were affected. Despite the reduction in the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds studied, mangaba jelly retained good levels of them and may be considered a potential novel functional food.

Abstract The objective herein was to evaluate the effect of processing, packaging type (with and without exposure to light) and storage time on the quality of functional attributes of jelly prepared from curriola pulp. The experimental design was a completely randomized 2 × 5 factorial design, with two levels of packaging (transparent and amber) and five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). In general, the processing of curriola pulp determined a slight increase in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity and a reduction in vitamin C content of freshly prepared jelly. The amber package and storage time promoted higher retention of bioactive compounds, mainly gallic acid, besides reducing the percentage of jelly oxidation, determined by the β-carotene / linoleic acid antioxidant method. A reduction in phenolic compounds and vitamin C was observed, which caused a reduction in the antioxidant capacity of curriola jelly. Of the five phenolic compounds identified in freshly prepared curriola jelly, gallic acid was identified as the major compound. In addition, the use of amber packaging, which prevents the incidence of light, may favor the maintenance of bioactive compounds during storage period of curriola jelly under environmental conditions.

ABSTRACT This study describes difficulties in the monitoring of a child born during an oral outbreak of Chagas disease, in which there are several indications that the transmission occurred through the congenital route: 1. the mother was in the third trimester of pregnancy when she was infected; 2. She presented high parasitemia at the time of delivery; 3. In both, the mother and her daughter, T. cruzi was classified as DTU TcIV. The parasites were not found in the blood at birth and the infection was detected only three months later in an asymptomatic infant. As the mother and her child live in a highly endemic area, vector transmission could not be excluded during this period.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal vacuum processing and thermal processing without vacuum on the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of low-calorie mixed Brazilian cerrado fruit jam. The mixed jam consisted of 60% of mixed pulp of Marolo, soursop and sweet passion fruit, and 40% other ingredients. This jam was utilized a completely randomized design to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic profile and content, carotenoid profile, and ascorbic acid content. The results showed that there was a reduction in bioactive compounds in the jam of 44.37% for total phenolics, 50.56% for ascorbic acid, 78.40% total carotenoids, and 65.14% for antioxidant activity when compared with the mixed pulps. In the carotenoid profile, reduction was observed for all compounds in relation to the mixed pulps, especially β-carotene (average loss of 81.89%). Independent of the processing, there was a significant increase in m-coumaric acid in the jam compared with the mixed pulp. The concentrations of other phenolic compounds decreased after processing. These results suggest that thermal vacuum processing is most suitable for the production of jam with higher nutritional value.

Abstract The wild native species of the Brazilian savannah have attractive flavors and nutritive compounds. Among the Combretaceaes genus, the Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler plays an important role in popular medicine, however, little is known about its chemical composition. Thus, in order to a chemical-biological prospection in fruits of the Tocantins savannah, the aim of this work was to characterize the B. tomentosa fruits collected in the central and southern regions of Tocantins State, about some of its physical, physical-chemical and biochemical properties. The fruits, for this study, were collected in two regions (Palmas and Gurupi) in Tocantins State and analyzed in the parameters: coloration, centesimal composition, pectin, soluble solids, pH and acidity, vitamin C content and phenolic compounds. The study obtained results demonstrate that the fruits are of a light yellow color, are acidic, have high values of °Brix and glycidic fraction (carbohydrates). However, the high levels of vitamin C (1.26 to 3.57 g ascorbic acid per 100 g of pulp) and phenolic compounds (2.93 to 4.20 g GAE 100 g-1) are noteworthy. This study evidences a great nutritional potential for the fruits of B. tomentosa.

ABSTRACT Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease. Nowadays, the transmission in Brazil occurs mainly by oral ingestion of contaminated food that has been associated with more severe clinical manifestations. We report a case of Acute Chagas disease caused by oral transmission in a child from Northern Brazil. In the hospital admission, physical examination showed tachycardia, hepatomegaly, bipalpebral edema and anasarca. Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were found in microscopy during blood cell count. Twenty-three days before hospitalization, the child had ingested the “bacaba palm fruit's wine”. Even with the appropriate diagnosis and starting of treatment, she did not survive. Quantitative analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in a blood sample resulted in 54,053.42 parasite equivalents/mL and the DTU TcIV was identified. The outcome may have been determined by several factors, including the delay to seek a medical service beyond the high parasitemia, detected by qPCR. DTU TcIV could also have influenced the natural history of the disease.

RESUMO O estádio de abertura floral na colheita e o uso de técnicas pós-colheita, como o revestimento das inflorescências com cera de carnaúba, podem influenciar na manutenção da qualidade para comercialização. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o conteúdo de carboidratos em inflorescências de bastão-do-imperador colhidas em dois diferentes estádios de abertura e tratadas com diferentes concentrações da cera de carnaúba. As inflorescências foram colhidas com brácteas semiabertas (brácteas basais iniciando seu processo de expansão) e abertas (brácteas basais totalmente expandidas e abertura das brácteas menores do interior da inflorescência) e receberam a aplicação de cera de carnaúba nas concentrações 0,75%; 1,5% ou 3,0%, além de um tratamento controle, sem aplicação da cera. Após o tratamento, as hastes florais foram mantidas a 16 e 21 ° C por 20 dias. Ao longo do período de armazenamento realizaram-se cinco amostragens de brácteas (brácteas externas e internas separadamente – em inflorescências abertas; brácteas externas e internas em conjunto – em inflorescências semiabertas), a cada três dias para avaliação dos teores de açúcares solúveis totais e amido. Os teores de açúcares solúveis totais e amido diferiram entre os diferentes tipos de brácteas coletadas e ao longo do período de armazenamento avaliado, podendo indicar uma remobilização de reservas. A concentração de 3,0% de cera de carnaúba proporcionou um maior teor de açúcares solúveis totais, entretanto esse teor não interfere na longevidade do bastão-do-imperador nos dois estádios de abertura floral avaliados.

ABSTRACT Floral opening stage during harvest and use of postharvest techniques, such as inflorescence coating with carnauba wax, may influence quality maintenance for commercialization. The aim was to evaluate the carbohydrate content of torch ginger inflorescences harvested at two different opening stages and treated with different concentrations of carnauba wax. The inflorescences were harvested with semi-open (basal bracts beginning their expansion process) and open bracts (fully expanded basal bracts and opening of the smaller bracts on interior of the inflorescence) and received the application of carnauba wax at concentrations of 0.75%; 1.5% or 3.0%, in addition to a control treatment, without wax application. After the treatment, the floral stems were maintained at 16 and 21 °C for 20 days. During the storage period, five bracts samples (external and internal bracts separately - in open inflorescences, external and internal bracts together - in semi-open inflorescences) were carried out every three days for evaluation of total soluble sugars and starch content. Contents of total soluble sugars and starch differed between the different types of bracts collected and throughout the storage period evaluated, and could indicate a remobilization of reserves. The concentration of 3.0% carnauba wax induced higher total soluble sugar content. However, this content does not affect the longevity of torch ginger at the two evaluated floral opening stages.

RESUMO O conhecimento de aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos ocorrentes na etapa pós-colheita de flores é fundamental para nortear a realização de técnicas eficientes de conservação para manutenção de qualidade e durabilidade. Entre os fatores que causam deterioração de flores cortadas após a colheita consideram-se a desidratação, baixos teores de carboidratos, presença de microrganismos e o estágio de desenvolvimento no momento da colheita. Assim, objetivou-se determinar as relações hídricas, os teores de amido e açúcares solúveis totais em função dos estádios de colheita e diferentes soluções de manutenção utilizadas para hastes de copo-de-leite. As hastes florais foram colhidas nos estádios de abertura da espata: fechada (cartucho) e 1/3 aberta e dispostas em seis soluções conservantes: 1, 2, 4 e 6% de glicose e os controles água e solução com 5% de sacarose. Tanto para o estádio de colheita fechado quanto para 1/3 aberto, a adição, respectivamente, de glicose nas concentrações 4% e 6%, estimulou a abertura floral. As hastes florais de copo-de-leite mantidas em água e em solução com 1% de glicose apresentaram menor porcentagem de perda de massa fresca e melhor manutenção do balanço hídrico, com pequena redução dos teores de amido e açúcares solúveis. A adição de açúcares na solução conservante foi eficiente na promoção da abertura de hastes colhidas precocemente. A colheita em estádios iniciais de abertura permite a manutenção da qualidade comercial por maior período, sem a produção de pólen. Por meio da análise de relações hídricas foi possível determinar melhor concentração de açúcares de solução conservante para hastes florais colhidas abertas.

ABSTRACT The knowledge of physiological and biochemical aspects occurring at the postharvest phase of flowers is critical to guide efficient conservation techniques for maintaining quality and longevity. Factors that cause deterioration of cut flowers after harvest are dehydration, low carbohydrate contents, the presence of microorganisms in vase solution or stem and late stage of development at harvest. Thus, the objective was to determine the effect of harvest stages of calla lily stems and storage solutions on water relations and contents of starch and sugars. Flower stems were harvested in the following opening stages of the spathe: early-stage (cartridge) and 1/3 open and were arranged in six storage solutions containing 1, 2, 4 and 6% glucose and the controls with water and solution with 5% sucrose. Results indicate that at early-stage and 1/3 open harvesting stages, the addition of glucose at concentrations of 4% and 6% stimulated flower opening. Calla lily flower stems maintained in water and in solution with 1% glucose had lower percentages of fresh weight loss and better maintenance of water balance, with a small reduction in the contents of starch and soluble sugars. The addition of sugars in the storage solution was efficient in opening early-harvested stems. Harvest the floral stems in initial stages allow the maintenance of the commercial quality for longer period, without pollen production. The use of water relations allowed the determination of the better sugar concentration for the conservation of open-harvest of floral stems.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of colored-shade nets on the physicochemical characteristics of physalis in subtropical area. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with a 4 × 5 factorial, being four species of physalis (Physalis peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four net colors (white, blue, red and black), besides the control under full sun. Titratable acidity (TA), pH, vitamin C, soluble solids (SS), SS/TA relation, total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. It was observed that P. peruviana and P. pubescens have more acid fruits, and P. minima shows vitamin C content higher than the other species. In general, fruits of P. peruviana and P. pubescens have better quality when grown in white, blue or black shade net; fruits of P. minima are physicochemically superior when produced under full sun or under white or blue shade net; finally, fruits of P. ixocarpa have low quality when produced under black net.

Abstract The objective of this work was to characterize promising fruit crops and to explore opportunities for the sustainable and commercial use of flours obtained from fruits as an ingredient in snack bars. The fruit selected was Jeriva, which grow from north to eastern Brazil, and can be found in the Savanna biome. The fruit flour was obtained from dehydrated pulps and the proximate composition, dietary fiber, vitamin C, % scavenging free radicals, mineral composition, pH, ºBrix, titratable acidity and sensory analysis were determined. The flour was incorporated into the formulation by partial substitution of the standard ingredients of snack bars. The presence of increasing amounts (up to 20%) of Jeriva fruit flour resulted in sensory accepted snack bars, with 7.02 average in the scores evaluated, without significant differences among the formulations and significantly increased the protein at 7.12%, vitamin C 40.81 mg.g-1 and fiber contentes showed values at 6.66% for dietary fiber. Moreover, the results of free radical scavenging confirmed the greater antioxidant activity proportional to the increment of flour. Therefore, Jeriva fruit flour could be an alternative sensorily acceptable, for obtaining of snack bars.

Abstract The marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.) and jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham Glassm) fruits grow in the Cerrado biome, and have important sensory and nutritional characteristics. These fruits are eaten fresh or processed and embedded in ice cream, candy, juices, and liquors. However, their use is very limited and is localized exclusively to their native region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of these fruits in food consumer products to improve the nutritional patterns of consumers and extend knowledge thereof. To do this, different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of flour derived from the marolo and jerivá fruits were incorporated into food bars, which were then characterized in terms of their physical of the texture (TPA), porosity, color and sensorial properties. The food bars enriched with marolo and jerivá flours had an intense yellow color and increased hardness relative to the control bars; the porosity of the bars progressively decreased as the amount of flour added increased. The sensorial analysis in the snack bars developed added with the fruits flour no was influence by incorporation this component, showed good averages for the scores evaluated.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas e de atividade enzimática de jabuticabas 'Sabará' cultivadas em Lavras, Estado de Minas Gerias, Brasil, em diferentes estádios de maturação. Os frutos foram colhidos e separados em cinco diferentes estádios: frutos totalmente verdes; frutos com início de pigmentação; frutos com predominância roxo claro; frutos totalmente roxos e frutos totalmente roxo-escuro. Em seguida, os frutos foram submetidos às análises físico-químicas e a atividade da enzima poligalacturonase. Foi possível observar a degradação da clorofila e a síntese de antocianinas na casca dos frutos, bem como a degradação da parede celular e o conseqüente amaciamento dos mesmos. Na polpa, observou-se um aumento de sólidos solúveis, pH e açúcares, bem como uma diminuição da acidez à medida que o grau de maturação foi aumentando.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and enzymatic activity of "Sabará" jabuticaba fruits, which were cultivated in Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, at different maturation stages. The fruits were harvested and separated into five different stages: totally green fruit, fruit with incipient pigmentation, fruit with a light purple predominance, totally purple fruit and totally dark purple fruit. These fruits were physicochemically analyzed and evaluated for polygalacturonase enzymatic activity. Chlorophyll degradation and the synthesis of anthocyanin on fruit rinds were observed, as well as the degradation of the cell wall and its consequent softening. In the pulp, increased soluble solids, pH and sugars were observed, while acidity decreased as maturation progressed.

<p>Nas últimas décadas, diversos estudos têm demonstrado o interesse pela conservação de frutas e, também, pelos benefícios do consumo de alimentos ricos em compostos com atividade antioxidante. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de quantificar os compostos e a atividade antioxidante e analisar fatores físico-químicos, durante o armazenamento pós-colheita de maçãs da cultivar Eva submetidas à irradiação gama nas doses de 0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 kGy. A atividade antioxidante foi medida pelos métodos de 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila (DPPH) e de β-caroteno/ácido linolenico. Foram avaliados os teores de compostos fenólicos totais, ácido ascórbico, cor e teor de sólidos solúveis. Os resultados mostraram que, independentemente da dose de irradiação, houve um aumento em % SRL, durante o armazenamento pós-colheita das maçãs de Eva. Baixas doses de irradiação foram capazes de preservar os compostos fenólicos, manter os níveis de ácido ascórbico e evitar um aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis.</p>

<p>Nowadays, the number of studies about fruit conservation as well as the benefits of consumption of foods rich in antioxidant compounds was increased. This study aimed to quantify antioxidant compounds and their activity and to evaluate the physical and chemical changes during the post-harvest storage of Eva's apple cultivars that were subjected to gamma irradiation at doses of 0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 kGy. The antioxidant activity was measured by the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the β-carotene/linolenic acid methods. Levels of total phenolics, ascorbic acid, color, and soluble solids were evaluated. The results showed that, regardless of the irradiation dose, there was an increase in % SRL during post-harvest storage of Eva's apples. Low irradiation doses were able to preserve the phenolic compounds, maintain the ascorbic acid levels and avoid an increase in the soluble solids content.</p>

O processamento mínimo de hortaliças agrega valor ao produto final, pelo fato de aumentar a sua conveniência e reduzir o tempo de preparo das refeições. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conservação de pimentões verdes 'Konan R' minimamente processados, no formato de rodelas, e acondicionados em diferentes embalagens plásticas. Os pimentões foram selecionados, lavados e sanificados em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (200 mg L-1), por 15 minutos. As rodelas (1,0 cm de largura) foram sanificadas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (50 mg L-1), por 5 minutos, e, em seguida, acondicionadas em: 1) bandeja de poliestireno expandido, envolta com filme de policloreto de vinila (PVC) 0,014 mm; 2) embalagem rígida de polipropileno (PP), com tampa do mesmo polímero; 3) saco plástico de polipropileno biorientado (BOPP) 0,060 mm. O produto foi armazenado a 5±0,1ºC e 95±1% UR, por 6 dias. As seguintes análises foram realizadas a cada 2 dias: perda de massa, teores de acidez titulável e de ácido ascórbico, pH, coloração (expressa em valores L* e a*) e firmeza. As embalagens plásticas e o tempo de armazenamento não alteraram o pH, o valor L* e a firmeza das rodelas. Os teores de acidez titulável e o valor a* foram afetados pelo tempo de armazenamento. A bandeja de poliestireno envolta com filme PVC determinou maior perda de massa e menor teor de ácido ascórbico, nas rodelas de pimentão armazenadas a 5ºC, por 6 dias. Assim, a embalagem rígida de PP e o saco plástico de BOPP são preferíveis para acondicionar pimentão verde minimamente processado.

Minimal processing of vegetables adds value to the final product for increasing its convenience and reducing the time to prepare meals. This study aimed to evaluate the conservation of minimally processed green peppers 'Konan R', sliced and conditioned in different plastic packages. The fruits were selected, washed, and sanitized in a sodium hypochlorite solution (200 mg L-1), for 15 minutes. Their slices (1.0 cm thickness) were sanitized in a sodium hypochlorite solution (50 mg L-1), for 5 minutes, and then conditioned in: 1) expanded polystyrene trays, covered with polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) 0.014 mm; 2) rigid polypropylene (PP) packages, with lid made of the same polymer; 3) bioriented polypropylene (BOPP) 0.060 mm plastic bags. The product was stored at 5±0.1ºC and RH of 95±1%, for 6 days. The following analyses were performed every 2 days: mass loss, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid contents, pH, color (expressed in L* and a* values), and slices vigor. The plastic packages and storage time did not affect the pH, L* value, and slices vigor. The titratable acidity contents and a* value were affected by storage time. The polystyrene tray covered with PVC film led to greater mass loss and lower ascorbic acid content, in slices of green peppers stored at 5ºC, for 6 days. Thus, the PP package and the BOPP plastic bag are preferable to condition minimally processed green pepper.