Resumo Indivíduos imunossuprimidos, a exemplo dos que fazem tratamento para o câncer, são mais suscetíveis a infecções fúngicas, como a candidíase oral, que podem afetar diretamente sua qualidade de vida e, consequentemente, seu processo de recuperação. Diante das limitações relacionadas às atuais opções terapêuticas, a descoberta de novos agentes antifúngicos, incluindo os de origem natural, é fundamental para o correto manejo dessas infecções. Este estudo investigou o perfil fitoquímico, a atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial e extrato etanólico bruto (EEB) obtidos de Eugenia luschnathiana sobre cepas referência e isoladas clínicas de Candida de pacientes sob tratamento oncológico e realizou a caracterização toxicológica. Para análise fitoquímica foram usados cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrofotômetro de massas (CG-EM) e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de 1H. A avaliação antifúngica foi conduzida para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e da Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM); avaliação dos potenciais mecanismos de ação; avaliação da atividade sobre biofilme fúngico; determinação da letalidade para larvas de Artemia salina. A CG-EM identificou predominância de sesquiterpenos no óleo essencial, sendo (E)-Caryophyllene o composto majoritário. O espectro de RMN de 1H identificou compostos alifáticos, osídos e aromáticos no extrato etanólico bruto. O OE não apresentou atividade antifúngica. O EEB mostrou atividade fungicida, com CIM e CFM variando de 1,95 µg/mL a 3,90 µg/mL para cepas testadas, estes valores permaneceram inalterados na presença de ergosterol exógeno, com possível mecanismos de ação sobre estruturas que envolvem parede celular fúngica. Em baixa concentração (19.5 µg/mL), o EEB inibiu 62.78% do biofilme de Candida albicans. A CL50 do EEB para A. salina foi de 142,4 µg/mL. Observa-se, então, que o EEB possui atividade antifúngica muito forte, com ação provável sobre parede celular, efeito sobre biofilme e perfil de toxicidade compatível para realização de outras investigações. imunossuprimidos câncer fúngicas oral consequentemente recuperação terapêuticas antifúngicos natural fitoquímico (EEB toxicológica CGEM CG EM (CG-EM (RMN H (CIM (CFM) fúngico ECaryophyllene E Caryophyllene majoritário alifáticos fungicida 195 1 95 1,9 µgmL µg mL 390 3 90 3,9 testadas exógeno fúngica 19.5 19 5 (19. µg/mL, , µg/mL) 6278 62 78 62.78 albicans CL CL5 1424 142 4 142, Observase, Observase Observa se, se Observa-se então forte investigações (CFM 9 1, 39 3, 19. (19 627 6 7 62.7 14 (1 62. (

Abstract Immunosuppressed individuals, including those undergoing cancer treatment, are more vulnerable to fungal infections, such as oral candidiasis, impacting their quality of life. Given the limitations of current therapies, the discovery of new antifungal agents, including those of natural origin, is crucial for the proper managing of these infections. We investigated the phytochemical profile and antifungal activity of both the essential oil and crude ethanolic extract (CEE) obtained from Eugenia luschnathiana against reference strains and clinical isolates of Candida from oncology patients. Toxicological characterization was also conducted. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were used for phytochemical analysis. Antifungal evaluation was conducted to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC); evaluation of potential mechanisms of action; activity on a fungal biofilm; evaluation of the cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes of the HaCat lineage by the MTT method; determination of lethality for Artemia salina larvae. GC-MS identified a predominance of sesquiterpenes in the essential oil, notably (E)-Caryophyllene. The 1H NMR spectrum identified aliphatic, osidic, and aromatic compounds in the crude ethanolic extract. The essential oil showed no antifungal activity. However, the CEE exhibited fungicidal activity, with MIC and MFC ranging from 1.95 µg/mL to 3.90 µg/mL. The antifungal effect was affected by sorbitol, indicating a possible mechanism targeting fungal cell wall structures. At low concentration (19.5 µg/mL), the CEE inhibited 62,78% of C. albicans biofilm. The CEE demonstrated a promising toxicity profile, with an LC50 of 142.4 µg/mL against Artemia salina. In conclusion, the CEE from Eugenia luschnathiana exhibited potent antifungal activity, likely through cell wall disruption, biofilm inhibition, and a favorable toxicity profile for further exploration. individuals treatment infections candidiasis life therapies agents origin (CEE patients GCMS GC MS (GC-MS H (NMR analysis (MIC (MFC) action method larvae ECaryophyllene. ECaryophyllene E Caryophyllene. Caryophyllene (E)-Caryophyllene aliphatic osidic However 195 1 95 1.9 µgmL µg mL 390 3 90 3.9 sorbitol structures 19.5 19 5 (19. µg/mL, , µg/mL) 6278 62 78 62,78 C LC LC5 1424 142 4 142. conclusion disruption inhibition exploration (MFC 9 1. 39 3. 19. (19 627 6 7 62,7 14 (1 62, (

Resumo Fundamento: O Brasil é um país com diferentes biomas e desigualdades sociais. Existem poucos dados disponíveis sobre as diferenças regionais e o prognóstico da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) no país. Objetivo: O estudo Rosa dos Ventos tem como objetivo investigar as diferenças regionais e o prognóstico atual de pacientes com IC com fração de ejeção reduzida ou moderadamente reduzida no Brasil. Métodos: Este é um estudo prospectivo, multicêntrico, observacional, do tipo coorte que incluirá pacientes ambulatoriais com idade superior a 18 anos com IC e fração de ejeção < 50% em 30 centros privados distribuídos nas regiões brasileiras. Um total de 2500 pacientes serão incluídos entre junho de 2021 e outubro de 2023, com um período de 12 meses de seguimento. Coletaremos dados sobre status clínico e socioeconômico, prescrição médica e resultados de exames cardiológicos. Serão realizados telefonemas para o seguimento dos pacientes seis e 12 meses após a inclusão para coleta de informações sobre visitas ao departamento de emergência, internações e mortalidade. Conclusão: O estudo Rosa dos Ventos permitirá uma caracterização mais precisa da IC crônica no Brasil. Essa iniciativa proverá informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo efetivas para mitigar o impacto dessa condição sobre os pacientes e o sistema de saúde. Fundamento sociais (IC Objetivo Métodos prospectivo multicêntrico observacional 1 50 3 brasileiras 250 202 2023 socioeconômico cardiológicos emergência mortalidade Conclusão saúde 5 25 20 2

Abstract Background: Brazil is a country with different biomes and social disparities. There are limited data available on regional differences and prognosis of heart failure (HF) in the country. Objective: The Rosa dos Ventos study aims to investigate regional differences and the current prognosis of HF outpatients with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction in Brazil. Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study that will include outpatients older than 18 years with HF and an ejection fraction < 50% in 30 public and private centers distributed in all Brazilian regions. A total of 2,500 patients will be enrolled from June 2021 and October 2023, with a 12-month follow-up period. We will collect data on socioeconomic and clinical status, medical prescription and results of cardiology tests. Follow-up phone calls will be made at 6 and 12 months after inclusion to collect information regarding emergency room visits, hospitalization and mortality. Conclusion: The Rosa dos Ventos study will allow a more accurate characterization of chronic HF in Brazil. This initiative will provide relevant information for the development of effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of this condition on patients and the healthcare system. Background disparities (HF Objective Methods prospective multicenter 1 50 3 regions 2500 2 500 2,50 202 2023 12month month followup follow up period status tests Followup Follow visits mortality Conclusion system 5 250 2,5 20 25 2,

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of either a limited forage intake or concentrate supplementation prior to the adaptation to high-concentrate diets on dry matter intake, ruminal pH, bacteria, and protozoa of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a two 3×3 Latin square, and six cannulated Nellore steers were used. Each experimental period was composed by three feeding phases: pre-adaptation (14 days), adaptation (12 days), and finishing (seven days) diet, in a total of 33 days per period. The steers were assigned to one of three pre-adaptation dietary treatments: control (Tifton hay fed ad libitum + mineral supplement), restriction (Tifton hay fed at 1.4% of BW + mineral supplement), and concentrate (Tifton hay fed ad libitum + 0.5% of BW of a mix of concentrate feedstuffs and mineral supplement). The adaptation period consisted of two adaptation diets, which contained 72 and 79% concentrate for six days each. The finishing diet contained 86% concentrate. During the pre-adaptation phase, restricted cattle had higher pH than concentrate-fed cattle. There was a reduction in M. elsdenii relative population in cattle from either restriction or concentrate groups. During adaptation and finishing phases, cattle from concentrate group had smaller F. succinogenes populations compared with the control group. The previous nutritional backgrounds impact ruminal microbiota during adaptation and finishing phases without causing any negative effect on ruminal pH. Feeding concentrate prior to the adaptation positively impacted the transition to high-concentrate diets and promoted increased dry matter intake. highconcentrate high bacteria 3 3× square used preadaptation pre 14 (1 days, , 12 seven treatments Tifton supplement, supplement supplement) 1 4 1.4 05 0 5 0.5 supplement. . 7 79 each 86 phase concentratefed M groups F ( 1. 0. 8

RESUMEN Los granos andinos se encuentran ampliamente distribuidos en las zonas altas de la cordillera de los andes y pueden ayudar a enfrentar la desnutrición debido a su alto contenido de proteínas y a su balance de aminoácidos. Actualmente, el consumo de estos granos ha cambiado y se ha incrementado el uso en forma de mezclas alimenticias instantáneas. Sin embargo, un buen diseño y formulación son necesarios con el fin de mantener su valor nutricional y características sensoriales de los granos andinos. En este estudio, se evaluó las propiedades fisicoquímicas aceptabilidad de tres formulaciones alimenticias a base de harinas extruidas de maíz (Zea mays L.), haba (Vicia faba L.) y quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Los granos fueron recolectados del centro poblado de Choclococha, Acobamba, Huancavelica, Perú y fueron extruidas a 95°C. Posteriormente, tres formulaciones fueron preparadas. La mejor formulación (30% de harina de haba, 58% de harina de quinua y 12% de harina de maíz) presentó un contenido de proteínas de 18,64%; grasa de 4,87%; humedad de 8,4%; cenizas de 2,99%; carbohidratos de 62,44%. Esta formulación con el más alto contenido en quinua mostró la mayor aceptabilidad en relación al color, olor y sabor, además un alto contenido de proteína y digestibilidad (72,6%). El análisis térmico y la prueba pasting indicaron que la formulación con la mayor aceptabilidad no mostró la presencia de almidón nativo, así mismo, las proteínas de esta formulación fueron desnaturalizadas.

ABSTRACT Andean grains, widely distributed in the high areas of the Andean Highlands, can help to reduce malnutrition owing to their high content of protein and balance of essential amino acids. Recently, their consumption has changed as they are increasingly used for instant food mixtures. However, a better design and formulation are necessary to maintain Andean grains’ nutritional value and characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical properties and acceptability of three formulations containing extruded corn (Zea mays L.), fava bean (Vicia faba L.), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) flours. Grain samples were collected from Choclococha, Acobamba, Huancavelica, Peru, and extruded at 95°C. Subsequently, three flour formulations were prepared. The formulation comprising 30% fava bean flour, 58% quinoa flour, and 12% corn flour consisted of 18.64% protein, 4.87% fat, 8.4% humidity, 2.99% ash, and 62.44% carbohydrates. This formulation with the highest quinoa flour content presented the highest acceptability in terms of color odor and flavor, and the highest protein content and digestibility (72.6%) of all analyzed formulations. Thermal analysis and pasting testing indicated that the formulation with the highest acceptability did not contain native starch; moreover, the proteins in this formulation were denatured.

RESUMO Mudas de açaizeiro produzidas a partir de materiais vegetais oriundos de várzea (procedência Laranjeira e Muaná) e adaptadas às áreas de terra firme (cv. BRS-Pará e cotipo Hideo) foram cultivadas entre março e outubro de 2013, em viveiro, para testar a hipótese de que a demanda de água para a produção de mudas vigorosas varia em função da origem do material vegetal. As mudas foram submetidas a regimes hídricos correspondentes a 40, 70, 100 e 130% da capacidade de campo. Independente do material vegetal, a produção de mudas vigorosas foi viável apenas nos regimes hídricos de 100% e 130% da capacidade de campo; desses, as mudas produzidas sob 130% da capacidade de campo apresentaram maior altura, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar total, biomassa de raízes e folhas, biomassa total e razão raiz parte aérea; além disto, apresentaram maior taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2, menor condutância estomática e transpiração e maior eficiência instantânea do uso da água; concluindo, a demanda hídrica para produção de mudas de açaizeiro não varia com a origem do material vegetal e a produção de mudas mais vigorosas se dá pelo uso de irrigação correspondente a 130% da capacidade de campo.

ABSTRACT Seedlings of açaí obtained from plant material native to floodplains (from Laranjeira and Muaná) and adapted to upland areas (cv. BRS-Pará and ecotype Hideo) were cultivated between March and October 2013 in a greenhouse, to test the hypothesis that water requirement for seedling production varies according to the origin of plant material. The seedlings were subjected to watering regimes corresponding to 40, 70, 100 and 130% of field capacity. Regardless of plant material, the production of vigorous seedlings was feasible only under irrigation of 100 and 130% of field capacity. The seedlings produced under 130% of field capacity showed higher plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf and root biomass, total plant biomass and root/shoot ratio than those produced under 100% of field capacity. The former also showed higher net CO2 assimilation rate, lower stomatal conductance and transpiration and higher instantaneous water use efficiency. In conclusion, the water requirement to produce vigorous seedlings of açaí does not vary within plant material and more vigorous seedlings are produced under irrigation of 130% of field capacity.

Maternal milk is the optimal feeding way for the infant at least for the first six months of life. Its properties include nutrients intake and, particularly, to provide the infant with several beneficial compounds improving his growth and protecting him from the diseases typical of this time period. These properties justify the manipulating processes before its intake in order to promote and warrant the adherence to it, both at the hospital and at home, being more important in premature infants and/or with low birth weight given their increased vulnerability, is spite of the fact that during these processes some of its properties may be partially lost. There exist, therefore, an interest in knowing the impact of the procedures applied to human milk on its qualitative properties, such as the antioxidant capacity. Objective: This work assesses the stability of the antioxidant capacity of human milk during its storage at 4º C, longitudinally from its extraction until 48 h of refrigeration, as well as the pH changes. Method: the milk from 30 healthy women was analyzed. The milk's antioxidant capacity was assessed by the following parameters: total antioxidant capacity and level of malondialdehyde. The results obtained showed that pH decreases gradually from the storage beginning, whereas the antioxidant capacity remains constant for the first 24 hours, with a different result depending on the parameter used, and thereafter significant changes were observed. Conclusions: In case of needing extraction and storage of maternal milk before its consumption, the storage time should be minimized, preferably less than 24 hours in order to preserve the oxidative stress.

La leche materna es la vía óptima de alimentación del lactante durante, al menos, los primeros 6 meses de vida. Su elección se basa en el aporte de nutrientes y, de forma especial, en proporcionar al neonato diversos compuestos de acción beneficiosa que mejoran su crecimiento y le protegen frente a patologías propias de esta etapa. Estas propiedades de la leche materna justifican los procesos de manipulación previos a su ingesta, con el fin de promover y asegurar su seguimiento, tanto a nivel casero como a nivel hospitalario, de mayor importancia en lactantes prematuros y/o de bajo peso, por su destacada vulnerabilidad, a pesar de que durante estos procesos se pueden perder parcialmente algunas de sus propiedades. Es por ello que interesa conocer el efecto que los tratamientos aplicados a la leche humana ejercen sobre sus principales cualidades, como su capacidad antioxidante. Objetivo: Este trabajo analiza la estabilidad de la capacidad antioxidante de la leche humana durante su almacenamiento a 4ºC, de forma longitudinal desde su extracción hasta las 48 horas de refrigeración, así como las variaciones del pH. Método: Se analiza la leche madura procedente de 30 mujeres sanas. El poder antioxidante de la leche se evalúa a través de los parámetros: capacidad antioxidante total y concentración de malondialdehído. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el pH disminuye de forma creciente desde el inicio del almacenamiento, mientras que la capacidad antioxidante, con diferente comportamiento según el parámetro evaluador considerado, permanece estable durante las primeras 24 horas, a partir de las cuales se presentan cambios significativos. Conclusiones: Cuando es preciso recurrir a la extracción y refrigeración de la leche antes de su ingesta es recomendable minimizar el tiempo de almacenamiento, procurando que no supere las 24 horas si se quiere preservar del estrés oxidativo.

RESUMO A presença de Sitophilus zeamais ocasiona prejuízos pela redução severa de peso, depreciação do valor comercial do produto e redução de seu valor nutricional, atuando ainda como agente disseminador de fungos, favorecendo a deterioração do produto armazenado, em razão do aumento da umidade e da temperatura da massa de grãos, devido ao metabolismo dos insetos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos extratos aquosos, hexânicos e etanólicos irradiados de Solanum paniculatum, Dahlia pinnata, Pennisetum purpureum, Allamanda cathartica, Dieffenbachia brasiliensis, Lavandula angustifolia, Rhododendron simsii, Annona squamosa, Agave angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum, Coffea arabica e Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, a fim de identificar novas substâncias para o manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) e observar possíveis efeitos da radiação gama como o aumento, redução, ativação e inativação dos produtos naturais para o controle de pragas. Avaliou-se efeito por contato em adultos de S. zeamais. Para as irradiações foi utilizado um irradiador experimental de Cobalto-60, modelo Gammacell 220. Os extratos vegetais foram submetidos às doses de 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 e 10,0 kGy, em temperatura ambiente. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o extrato aquoso a 10,0 kGy e o extrato etanólico a 5,0 kGy de H. rosa-sinensis, que apresentaram 30,0 e 32,0% de eficiência, respectivamente. Os extratos aquoso e hexânico de C. arabica submetidos à dose de 5,0 kGy apresentaram 42,0% de eficiência, diferindo estatisticamente dos demais. Os extratos de O. basilicum apresentaram eficiência entre 30,0 e 44,0%. Com base nos resultados obtidos, a radiação gama interferiu no comportamento dos produtos naturais para o controle de pragas promovendo aumento, redução, ativação e inativação. peso nutricional fungos armazenado grãos insetos aquosos paniculatum pinnata purpureum cathartica brasiliensis angustifolia simsii squamosa rosasinensis, rosasinensis rosa sinensis, sinensis rosa-sinensis MIP (MIP Avaliouse Avaliou se S Cobalto60, Cobalto60 Cobalto 60, 60 Cobalto-60 220 25 2 5 2,5 50 0 75 7 7, 100 10 10, ambiente 5, H 300 30 30, 320 32 32,0 respectivamente C 420 42 42,0 demais 440 44 44,0% Cobalto6 6 Cobalto-6 22 2, 1 3 32, 4 42, 44,0 Cobalto- 44,

ABSTRACT The presence of Sitophilus zeamais causes damages through severe weight reduction, depreciation of commercial value of the product and reduction of its nutritional value, also acting as a disseminator of fungus, favouring the deterioration of stored product, causing the increase of moistness and temperature of mass of grains, due to the insects, metabolism. The present work was aimed at evaluating the effects of irradiated aqueous, hexanic and ethanolic extractsof Solanum paniculatum, Dahlia pinnata, Pennisetum purpureum, Allamanda cathartica, Dieffenbachia brasiliensis, Lavandula angustifolia, Rhododendron simsii, Annona squamosa, Agave angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum, Coffea arabica and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, in order to identify new substances for integrated pest management (IPM) of pests and to observe possible effects of gamma radiation such as the increase, reduction, activation and inactivation of natural products to control pests. The effect of contact in adults of S. zeamais t was evaluated. An experimental irradiator of Cobalt-60, model Gammacell 220 was used for the irradiation. The vegetal extracts were exposed to doses of 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 e 10.0 kGy, in environment temperature. The best results were obtained with aqueous extract at 10.0 kGy and ethanolic extract at 5.0 kGy of H. rosa-sinensis, which showed 30.0 and 32.0 of efficiency respectively. The aqueous extract and hexanic of C. Arabica at a dose of 5.0 kGy showed 42.0 of efficiency, differing statistically from the others. The extracts of O. basilicum presented efficiency between 30.0 and 44.0. According to the results we verified that the gamma radiation interferred on behavior of natural products for pest control and it can result in increase, reduction, activation and inactivation of the same. fungus grains insects metabolism paniculatum pinnata purpureum cathartica brasiliensis angustifolia simsii squamosa rosasinensis, rosasinensis rosa sinensis, sinensis rosa-sinensis IPM (IPM S evaluated Cobalt60, Cobalt60 Cobalt 60, 60 Cobalt-60 22 irradiation 2.5 25 2 5 50 0 75 7 7. 100 10 10. 5. H 300 30 30. 320 32 32. respectively C 420 42 42. others O 440 44 44.0 same Cobalt6 6 Cobalt-6 2. 1 3 4 44. Cobalt-

OBJECTIVE: To verify the possible role of adventitial inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and coronary artery remodelling. METHODS: We compared the mean numbers of lymphocytes in the adventitia and in the plaque of ruptured thrombosed and stable equi-stenotic coronary segments of 34 patients who died due to acute myocardial infarction. We also analysed adventitial microvessels, adventitial fibrosis and the external elastic membrane. RESULTS: In the adventitia, the numbers of lymphocytes and microvessels/mm² were 69.5±88.3 and 60.9± 32.1 in culprit lesions and 16.4 ± 21.1 and 44.3±16.1 in stable lesions (p<0.05); within the plaques, the mean number of lymphocytes was 24±40.8 in culprit lesions and 10.9±13.2 in stable ones (p=0.17). The mean percent area of adventitial fibrosis/cross-sectional area of the vessel was significantly lower in unstable plaques (p<0.001). The confocal images showed holes in the external elastic membrane. CONCLUSION: Unstable plaques exhibit chronic pan-arteritis, accompanied by enlargement, medial thinning, and less fibrosis than in stable lesions, which is compatible with vessel aneurysm. Adventitial inflammation may contribute significantly to atheroma instability.