Screener, a board game supplemented with online resources, was introduced and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics to postgraduate programs as an instructional tool for the process of drug discovery and development (DDD). In this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of five critical aspects for evaluating the quality of educational games, namely: 1) description of the intervention; 2) underlying pedagogical theory; 3) identification of local educational gaps; 4) impact on diverse stakeholders; and 5) elucidation of iterative quality enhancement processes. We also present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of this game in 11 postgraduate courses. We employed the MEEGA+ online survey, comprising thirty-three close-ended unipolar items with 5-point Likert-type response scales, to assess student perceptions of the quality and utility of Screener. Based on 115 responses, the results indicated a highly positive outlook among students. In addition, we performed a preliminary evaluation of learning outcomes in two courses involving 28 students. Pre- and post-quizzes were applied, each consisting of 20 True/False questions directly aligned with the game's content. The analysis revealed significant improvement in students' performance following engagement with the game, with scores rising from 8.4 to 13.3 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) and 9.7 to 12.7 (P<0.0001, paired t-test). These findings underscore the utility of Screener as an enjoyable and effective tool for facilitating a positive learning experience in the DDD process. Notably, the game can also reduce the educational disparities across different regions of our continental country. resources DDD. . (DDD) study games namely 1 intervention 2 theory 3 gaps 4 stakeholders 5 processes MEEGA survey thirtythree thirty three closeended close ended 5point point Likerttype Likert type scales responses students addition Pre postquizzes post quizzes applied TrueFalse True False s content 84 8 8. 133 13 13. P<0.0001, P00001 P 0 0001 (P<0.0001 ttest t test t-test 97 9 7 9. 127 12 12. ttest. Notably country (DDD P<0.0001 P0000 000 (P<0.000 P<0.000 P000 00 (P<0.00 P<0.00 P00 (P<0.0 P<0.0 P0 (P<0. P<0. (P<0 P<0 (P< P< (P

The growth of the oil and gas industry implies an understanding of corrosion and ways to mitigate pipeline failures. The objective of this research is to evaluate the propagation of localized corrosion induced by flow in different concentrations of sodium chloride and in the presence of corrosion inhibitor, associated with the wall shear stress. The API X65 steel specimens were drilled, with the purpose of simulating corrosion pits, and coupled to a modified ASTM G170 rotating cage.The experimental conditions were: (1) desaerated medium in the presence of CO2 under 5 bar, 120°C and concentrations of 0.1% or 10% sodium chloride; (2) aerated medium without CO2 at 40°C, without or with corrosion inhibitor. To evaluate the shear stress, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to understand the distribution on the surface of the samples. The results showed that the chloride concentration influenced the formation of the FeCO3 film and the corrosion rate. Furthermore, it was observed that the variation in diameter was more pronounced for the pits that had the smallest initial diameter, in all conditions evaluated. The highest values of diameter variation did not correspond to the highest values of shear stress imposed on each artificial pits. failures inhibitor X X6 drilled G G17 cageThe cage 1 (1 CO bar 120C C 120 01 0 0.1 10 2 (2 40C 40 40°C CFD (CFD samples FeCO rate Furthermore evaluated G1 ( 12 0. 4

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de espécies de palma forrageira, em dietas para cordeiros confinados, sobre o consumo, a absorção aparente e a retenção de macrominerais. Trinta e seis cordeiros Santa Inês, machos, não castrados, com peso médio de 22,0±2,87kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos [dieta contendo feno de Tifton-85 como volumoso exclusivo (controle), dieta à base de palma miúda ou palma orelha-de-elefante-mexicana (OEM)] e 12 repetições. Os consumos de cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) (via dieta e total) foram maiores (P=0,001) para os animais alimentados com dietas suplementadas com palma forrageira miúda. A palma forrageira, independentemente da espécie, causou diminuição média de 45,4% na ingestão de sódio (P=0,001). Houve perda líquida de Ca pelos cordeiros alimentados com palma OEM (P=0,001). A absorção e a retenção de P foram maiores com a dieta controle em comparação à dieta OEM (P<0,05). A quantidade aparentemente absorvida e a retenção corporal de Mg foram maiores nos cordeiros alimentados com palma miúda (P=0,001). Portanto, a dieta contendo palma miúda aumenta o consumo e a retenção corporal de Ca e Mg por cordeiros. No entanto, o uso de palma OEM pode ser insustentável a longo prazo. confinados macrominerais Inês machos castrados 220287kg kg 22 0 2 87kg 22,0±2,87kg acaso Tifton85 Tifton 85 Tifton-8 controle, , (controle) orelhadeelefantemexicana orelha elefante mexicana (OEM) 1 repetições (Ca (Mg via total P=0,001 P0001 001 (P=0,001 espécie 454 45 4 45,4 P=0,001. . P<0,05. P005 P<0,05 05 (P<0,05) Portanto entanto prazo Tifton8 8 Tifton- (controle (OEM P=0,00 P000 00 (P=0,00 45, P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P=0,0 (P=0,0 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P=0, (P=0, P<0 (P<0, P=0 (P=0 P< (P<0 P= (P= (P< (P

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of spineless cactus species in diets of feedlot lambs on intake, apparent absorption and retention of macrominerals. Thirty-six uncastrated male Santa Inês lambs presenting an average body weight of 22.0±2.87 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments [diet containing Tifton-85 hay as exclusive roughage (control), Miúda cactus cladodes-based diet or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) cactus cladodes-based diet] and twelve replicates. The calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) intakes (from feed and total) were higher (P=0.001) for animals fed diets supplemented with Miúda spineless cactus. The spineless cactus, regardless of species, caused a mean decrease of 45.4% in sodium intake (P=0.001). There was a net loss of Ca by lambs fed OEM spineless cactus (P=0.001). The absorption and retention of P was higher in control diet compared to the OEM diet (P<0.05). The amount apparently absorbed, and body retention of Mg were higher for lambs fed Miúda spineless cactus-diet (P=0.001). Therefore, the diet containing Miúda spineless cactus increases the intake and body retention of Ca and Mg in lambs. However, the use of OEM spineless cactus may be unsuitable for a long-term. macrominerals Thirtysix Thirty six 220287 22 0 2 87 22.0±2.8 Tifton85 Tifton 85 Tifton-8 control, , (control) cladodesbased cladodes based (OEM replicates (Ca (Mg from total P=0.001 P0001 001 (P=0.001 454 45 4 45.4 P=0.001. . P<0.05. P005 P<0.05 05 (P<0.05) absorbed cactusdiet Therefore However longterm. longterm long term. term long-term 22028 8 22.0±2. Tifton8 Tifton- (control P=0.00 P000 00 (P=0.00 45. P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 2202 22.0±2 P=0.0 (P=0.0 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 220 22.0± P=0. (P=0. P<0 (P<0. 22.0 P=0 (P=0 P< (P<0 22. P= (P= (P< (P

Abstract Brazil is renowned for its extensive plant biodiversity, with emphasis on Cymbopogon, C. citratus and C. nardus, with broad antimicrobial potential. Candidemias caused by Candida albicans are highly prevalent in immunosuppressed individuals and are associated with infections by biofilms on medical devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of essential oils C. citratus and C. nardus against C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm forms. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and chemical composition evaluated by GC-FID and GC-MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the broth microdilution method and the synergy effect of essential oils and amphotericin B were evaluated by the checkerboard test. Biofilm activity was determined by the XTT assay. Cytotoxicity assays performed with VERO cells and molecular docking were performed to predict the effect of oil interaction on the SAP-5 enzyme site. The results showed activity of essential oils against planktonic cells and biofilm of C. albicans. Furthermore, the oils had a synergistic effect, and low cytotoxicity. Molecular docking showed interaction between Cadinene, Caryophyllen oxide, Germacrene D with SAP-5. The results indicate that Cymbopogon spp. studied are anti-Candida, with potential for further application in therapy against infections caused by C. albicans. biodiversity C devices forms GCFID GC FID GCMS. GCMS MS. MS GC-MS test assay SAP5 SAP 5 SAP- site Furthermore cytotoxicity Cadinene oxide SAP5. 5. spp antiCandida, antiCandida anti Candida, anti-Candida

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de palma forrageira (Opuntia stricta Haw) na dieta de ovinos sobre o balanço dos macrominerais, a função renal e os metabólitos sanguíneos. Cinco ovinos canulados no rúmen (61,5±9,5kg de peso corporal) foram distribuídos em um quadrado de 5 × 5 latinos, composto de cinco dietas e cinco períodos experimentais. O período experimental teve duração de 105 dias, sendo cinco períodos de 21 dias cada. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas contendo níveis de palma forrageira (121, 245, 371 e 500g/kg de matéria seca (MS)), e uma dieta controle. Foram coletadas amostras dos ingredientes, sobras, fezes, urina e sangue. A inclusão de palma forrageira na dieta dos ovinos aumentou o consumo de MS, cinzas, oxalato e todos os macrominerais (P<0,05), mas não afetou a excreção urinária e a fecal de P, bem como a concentração de P no sangue (P>0,05). É possível verificar que a inclusão de palma forrageira, até o nível de 500g/kg de MS na dieta de ovinos, não parece causar danos à saúde do animal. Sua inclusão não compromete a função renal ou os metabólitos sanguíneos avaliados. Opuntia Haw 61,5±9,5kg 61595kg kg 61 9 5kg corporal latinos experimentais 10 2 cada 121, 121 (121 245 37 500gkg gkg 500g g , (MS)) controle ingredientes sobras fezes cinzas P<0,05, P005 P<0,05 0 05 (P<0,05) P>0,05. P>0,05 . (P>0,05) animal avaliados 6 1 12 (12 24 3 (MS) P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P>0,0 (P>0,05 (1 (MS P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P>0, (P>0,0 ( P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of spineless cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw) in the diet of sheep on the balance of macrominerals, renal function, and blood metabolites. Five sheep cannulated in the rumen (61.5±9.5kg body weight) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square composed of five diets and five experimental periods. The experimental period lasted 105 days, with five periods of 21 days each. Four diets containing levels of spineless cactus (121, 245, 371, and 500g/kg of dry matter (DM)), and a control diet were evaluated. Samples of the ingredients, orts, feces, urine, and blood were collected. Spineless cactus inclusion in sheep diets increased the DM intake, ash, oxalate, and all macrominerals intake (P < 0.05), but did not affect the urinary and fecal excretion of P, as well as the concentration of P in the blood (P > 0.05). It is possible to verify that the inclusion of spineless cactus, up to the level of 500g/kg of DM in the sheep diets, does not appear to cause damage to the animal’s health. Its inclusion does not compromise kidney function or blood metabolites evaluated herein. Opuntia Haw 61.5±9.5kg 61595kg kg 61 9 5kg weight 10 2 each 121, 121 (121 245 371 500gkg gkg 500g g DM, , (DM)) ingredients orts feces urine collected ash oxalate 0.05, 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) 0.05. . animals animal s health herein 6 1 12 (12 24 37 (DM) 00 0.0 (1 3 (DM 0. (

RESUMO A velocidade e a sanidade no estabelecimento de plântulas a campo são imprescindíveis para a obtenção de um estande final adequado e para a produtividade em um cultivo agrícola, os quais podem ser melhorados por técnicas baseadas no tratamento de sementes. Objetivou-se verificar a influência do tratamento de sementes de feijão vagem com doses de Bacillus subtilis sobre o desenvolvimento e componentes de produção da cultura. Foram utilizadas sementes de tipo determinado. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 4 × 4 + 1, sendo quatro tratamentos de sementes (peliculização com e sem secagem, pré-embebição e biopriming), quatro doses de produto comercial (p. c.) à base de B. subtilis (0; 7; 14; e 28 mL p.c. kg−1 de semente) e uma testemunha absoluta. As variáveis analisadas foram teor de água de sementes, emergência de plântulas, comprimento, largura e área foliar, altura de plantas e de primeira vagem na colheita, número de trifólios e de vagens, comprimento e número de grãos por vagem, massa de matéria fresca e seca de vagens. Os tratamentos de pré-embebição e biopriming foram iguais ou superiores à testemunha absoluta. A associação desses tratamentos com doses de 7-14 mL p.c. kg−1 para pré-embebição e de 0-28 mL p.c. kg−1 para biopriming favorece tanto as características avaliadas no período reprodutivo, como os componentes de rendimento de feijão vagem. agrícola Objetivouse Objetivou se cultura determinado Utilizouse Utilizou 1 peliculização secagem préembebição pré embebição biopriming, , biopriming) p. p (p c. c B 0 (0 7 14 2 pc p.c kg1 kg kg− semente absoluta foliar colheita vagens 714 7-1 028 0-2 reprodutivo ( 71 7- 02 0-

ABSTRACT In order to ensure an adequate final stand and good yields in agricultural crops, a fast healthy seedling establishment in the field is essential and can be improved using seed treatment techniques. This study aimed to assess the effect of treating snap bean seeds with Bacillus subtilis doses on the development and yield components of the crop. Seeds of a determinate variety were used. A 4 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme was applied, being four seed treatments (film coating with and without drying, pre-imbibition and biopriming), four doses of B. subtilis-based commercial product (c.p.) (0, 7, 14 and 28 mL c.p. kg−1 of seed) and an absolute control. The analyzed variables were seed moisture content, seedling emergence, leaf length, width and area, plant height and height to first pod at harvest, number of trifoliate leaves and pods, pod length and number of grains per pod, and pod fresh and dry weight. The pre-imbibition and biopriming treatments were equal or superior to the absolute control. Associating these treatments with doses of 7-14 mL c.p. kg−1 for pre-imbibition and 0-28 mL c.p. kg−1 for biopriming favors both the traits assessed during the reproductive stage and the yield components of the snap bean. crops techniques crop used applied film drying preimbibition pre imbibition biopriming, , biopriming) B subtilisbased based cp c p (c.p. 0, 0 (0 7 2 c.p kg1 kg kg− control content emergence area harvest pods weight 714 7-1 028 0-2 (c.p ( 71 7- 02 0-

Abstract Although biofloc technology is already recognized as advantageous and practical for aquaculture for the effects of maintaining water quality and improving the health status and resistance of cultivated animals against pathogens, little is known about the way of action involved. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of bacterial groups as inducers in the formation of flocs compared to a system with spontaneous formation. Therefore, three microsystems were built in 3L tanks with constant aeration to induce the biofloc aggregation with addition of bacterial consortiuns with differentiated functions. It was used a control, without addition of bacterial consortium; B1 with addition of probiotic bacteria consortium; and B2, with adding nitrifying bacteria consortium. During the experimental period were evaluated physicochemical variables and quantifications of bacterial cultivable groups: Heterotrophic Bacteria and Vibrio. Also was the microscopic characterization of the flakes and tests of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Systems B1 and B2 showed promising results in relation to control (spontaneous bioflocs), showing more homogeneous flake formation, antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens and greater biological diversity in the systems. The bacteria used in these tests were able to optimize the formation of microbial aggregates, showing potential for application in cultivation systems, in order to obtain improvements in productivity. involved Therefore L functions consortium B Vibrio bioflocs, bioflocs , bioflocs) systems aggregates productivity

RESUMO: A pneumonia enzoótica suína (PES), causada principalmente pela bactéria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, é a principal causa de problemas respiratórios em suínos. A infecção por M. hyopneumoniae leva a perdas produtivas e a predisposição dos animais acometidos a infecções secundárias, o que pode resultar em condenação de carcaças e órgãos por lesões pulmonares no momento do abate. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a infecção por M. hyopneumoniae em suínos submetidos ao abate na Ilha de São Luís, por meio de métodos diagnósticos moleculares e histopatológicos. Para isso, foram coletadas 150 amostras de pulmão de suínos de abate inspecionado (n=65) e não inspecionado (n=85) na Ilha de São Luís/Maranhão, no período de julho de 2019 a agosto de 2021. Das 150 amostras de DNA coletadas, 121 apresentaram produto amplificado para Cyt B no ensaio de PCR. Assim, 121 amostras foram submetidas à qPCR de M. hyopneumoniae, das quais 44 (36,36%) apresentaram resultados positivos. A quantidade média de carga bacteriana variou de 1,20 × 101 a 7,20 × 104, com média de 1,73 × 104 cópias. Das amostras reagentes, 81,81% (36 amostras) foram obtidas de abate não inspecionado, enquanto 18,18% (8 amostras) foram obtidas em abatedouro. Na análise histopatológica, foram avaliadas 44 amostras positivas para qPCR, das quais 28 (63,63%) apresentaram resultados compatíveis com o principal processo inflamatório associado à presença de M. hyopneumoniae, ou seja, hiperplasia do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio (BALT). Três amostras que apresentaram maior carga bacteriana (qPCR: 5,63 × 10³, 2,19 × 104 e 7,23 × 104) foram mais evidentes neste estudo. Os achados microscópicos associados às quantificações indicaram uma relação entre a quantidade de carga bacteriana e a presença de lesão microscópica; a maior carga bacteriana no tecido pulmonar está associada a maior alteração histopatológica para hiperplasia BALT. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos sinalizam para a circulação do agente etiológico nos animais amostrados e a necessidade de medidas preventivas nas criações de suínos do estado do Maranhão com envolvimento dos produtores, órgãos de defesa sanitária e inspeção. RESUMO PES, PES , (PES) M secundárias Luís histopatológicos isso 15 n=65 n65 n 65 (n=65 n=85 n85 85 (n=85 LuísMaranhão Luís/Maranhão 201 2021 12 PCR Assim 4 36,36% 3636 36 (36,36% positivos 120 1 20 1,2 10 720 7 7,2 173 73 1,7 cópias reagentes 8181 81 81,81 (3 1818 18 18,18 8 ( abatedouro 2 63,63% 6363 63 (63,63% seja BALT . (BALT) (qPCR 563 5 5,6 10³ 219 19 2,1 723 23 estudo microscópica conclusão produtores inspeção (PES n=6 n6 6 (n=6 n=8 n8 (n=8 202 36,36 363 3 (36,36 1, 72 7, 17 818 81,8 181 18,1 63,63 636 (63,63 (BALT 56 5, 21 2, n= (n= 36,3 (36,3 81, 18, 63,6 (63,6 (n 36, (36, 63, (63, (63 (6

ABSTRACT: Porcine enzootic pneumonia (PES), mainly caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is the main cause of respiratory problems in pigs. Infection by M. hyopneumoniae leads to production losses and the predisposition of affected animals to secondary infections, which may result in the condemnation of carcasses and organs due to lung lesions at the time of slaughter. The objective of the research was to evaluate the infection by M. hyopneumoniae in pigs submitted to slaughter in São Luís Island/MA, using molecular and histopathological diagnostic methods. One hundred fifty lung samples were collected from inspected (n=65) and non-inspected (n=85) slaughter pigs on São Luís Island, Maranhão, from July 2019 to August 2021. Of the 150 DNA samples collected, 121 showed an amplified product for Cyt B in the PCR assay. Thus, 121 samples were submitted to qPCR of M. hyopneumoniae, of which 44 (36.36%) showed positive results. The mean amount of bacterial load ranged from 1.20 × 101 to 7.20 × 104, with a mean of 1.73 × 104 copies. Of the reagent samples, 81.81% (36 samples) were obtained from non-inspected slaughter, while 18.18% (8 samples) were obtained from slaughterhouses. In the histopathological analysis, 44 positive qPCR samples were evaluated, of which 28 (63.63%) presented results compatible with the main inflammatory process associated with the presence of M. hyopneumoniae, that is, bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia (BALT). Three samples that showed the highest bacterial load (qPCR: 5.63 × 10³, 2.19 × 104 and 7.23 × 104) showed more evident lesions in this study. The microscopic findings associated with the quantifications indicated a relationship between the amount of bacterial load and the presence of microscopic lesions; higher bacterial load in lung tissue is associated with increased histopathologic staining for BALT hyperplasia. In conclusion, the results point to the circulation of the etiological agent in the sampled animals and the need for preventive measures on pig farms in Maranhão with the involvement of producers, sanitary defense and inspection agencies. ABSTRACT PES, PES , (PES) M infections IslandMA Island MA Island/MA methods n=65 n65 n 65 (n=65 noninspected non n=85 n85 85 (n=85 201 2021 15 12 assay Thus 4 36.36% 3636 36 (36.36% 120 1 20 1.2 10 720 7 7.2 173 73 1.7 copies 8181 81 81.81 (3 1818 18 18.18 8 ( slaughterhouses analysis evaluated 2 63.63% 6363 63 (63.63% bronchialassociated bronchial BALT. . (BALT) (qPCR 563 5 5.6 10³ 219 19 2.1 723 23 study conclusion producers agencies (PES n=6 n6 6 (n=6 n=8 n8 (n=8 202 36.36 363 3 (36.36 1. 72 7. 17 818 81.8 181 18.1 63.63 636 (63.63 (BALT 56 5. 21 2. n= (n= 36.3 (36.3 81. 18. 63.6 (63.6 (n 36. (36. 63. (63. (63 (6

Zr-Si-N thin films were co-deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering to verify the influence of silicon content (1.6 and 8.0 at. % Si) and substrate temperature (room temperature and heated to 973 K) on structure, morphology, chemical bonds and hardness. GAXRD shows a change in grain orientation from (111) to (200) due substrate heating for sample Zr0.984Si0.016N, furthermore, it was not possible to identify any silicon compounds in all deposited samples. SEM-FEG images show greater roughness and surface clusters for sample Zr0.920Si0.080N due to the heat applied on the substrate, with Si3N4 decomposition, influencing thin film hardness. XPS analyses of Si 2p photoelectronic region shows only Si3N4 presence in all samples, proving, in conjunction with other characterization results, the non-formation of substitutional or interstitial solid solution, regardless of substrate heating or silicon content added to ZrN matrix. ZrSiN Zr N codeposited co 1.6 16 1 6 (1. 80 8 0 8. at room 97 K structure morphology hardness 111 (111 200 (200 Zr0984Si0016N Zr0 984Si0 016N Zr0.984Si0.016N furthermore samples SEMFEG SEM FEG Zr0920Si0080N 920Si0 080N SiN Si3N decomposition p proving results nonformation non formation solution matrix 1. (1 9 11 (11 20 (20 984Si 920Si ( 2 (2

Intense stimulation of most living cells triggers the activation of immediate early genes, such as Fos and Jun families. These genes are important in cellular and biochemical processes, such as mitosis and cell death. The present study focused on determining the temporal expression pattern of Fos and Jun families in fibroblasts and neural stem cells of cerebellum, hippocampus, and subventricular zone (SVZ) of rats of different ages at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h after stimulation with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. In neonates, a similar expression pattern was observed in all cells analyzed, with lower expression in basal condition, peak expression at 0.5 h after stimulation, returning to baseline values between 1 and 3 h after stimulation. On the other hand, cells from adult animals only showed Fra1 and JunD expression after stimulation. In fibroblasts and hippocampus, Fra1 reached peak expression at 0.5 h after stimulation, while in the SVZ, peak level was observed at 6 h after stimulation. JunD in fibroblasts presented two peak expressions, at 0.5 and 6 h after stimulation. Between these periods, the expression observed was at a basal level. Nevertheless, JunD expression in SVZ and hippocampus was low and without significant changes after stimulation. Differences in mRNA expression in neonate and adult animals characterize the significant differences in neurogenesis and cell response to stimulation at different stages of development. Characterizing these differences might be important for the development of cell cultures, replacement therapy, and the understanding of the physiological response profile of different cell types. processes death cerebellum (SVZ 0 05 5 FGF2. FGF2 FGF 2. 2 (FGF)-2 neonates analyzed condition 0. hand Fra expressions periods Nevertheless cultures therapy types (FGF)- (FGF) (FGF

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da substituição parcial (750g/kg) do feno de Tifton por duas variedades de palma forrageira (Nopalea ou Opuntia) no perfil metabólico de cordeiros. Trinta e seis cordeiros Santa Inês, machos, não castrados (22,0 ± 2,9kg de peso corporal inicial), foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e 12 repetições. Os animais foram alimentados com dieta controle (feno de Tifton como volumoso exclusivo), dieta à base de palma forrageira Miúda ou dieta à base de palma forrageira Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas um dia antes (baseline) e 45 dias após a introdução das dietas testadas. A palma Miúda causou aumento (P=0,055) na atividade sérica da enzima gamaglutamiltransferase (53,66U/L) e no teor sanguíneo de glicose e frutosamina. A palma OEM causou menor teor (P=0,038) de colesterol sérico (41,33mg/dL). Independentemente da variedade, houve diminuição (P=0,001) do teor sérico de bilirrubina indireta, ureia e sódio, e aumento na concentração sérica de magnésio. A substituição parcial do feno de Tifton por palma Miúda ou por OEM na alimentação de cordeiros aumenta a atividade enzimática, o que indica alterações hepáticas e/ou renais, mas não causa danos relevantes nos metabolismos energético, proteico e mineral. 750g/kg 750gkg gkg 750g kg g (750g/kg Nopalea Opuntia Inês machos 22,0 220 22 0 (22, 29kg 2 9kg inicial, inicial , inicial) acaso 1 repetições exclusivo, exclusivo exclusivo) OEM. . (OEM) baseline (baseline 4 testadas P=0,055 P0055 P 055 (P=0,055 53,66U/L 5366UL UL 53 66U L U (53,66U/L frutosamina P=0,038 P0038 038 (P=0,038 41,33mg/dL. 4133mgdL mgdL 41,33mg/dL 41 33mg dL mg (41,33mg/dL) variedade P=0,001 P0001 001 (P=0,001 indireta sódio magnésio enzimática eou renais energético mineral 22, (22 (OEM P=0,05 P005 05 (P=0,05 5 P=0,03 P003 03 (P=0,03 (41,33mg/dL P=0,00 P000 00 (P=0,00 (2 P=0,0 P00 (P=0,0 ( P=0, P0 (P=0, P=0 (P=0 P= (P= (P

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partial replacement (750g/kg) of Tifton hay by two cactus cladodes (Nopalea or Opuntia) on the metabolic profile of lambs. Thirty-six uncastrated male Santa Inês lambs (22.0 ± 2.9kg initial body weight) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and 12 repetitions. The animals were fed a control diet (Tifton hay as exclusive roughage), Miúda cactus cladodes-based diet or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (O.E.M.) cactus cladodes-based diet. Blood samples were collected one day before (baseline) and 45 days after the introduction of the tested diets. The Miúda cactus cladodes caused an increase (P=0.055) in the serum activity of the gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme (53.66U/L) and in the blood content of glucose and fructosamine. The O.E.M. cactus cladodes caused lower (P=0.038) serum cholesterol content (41.33mg/dL). Regardless of the variety, there was a decrease (P=0.001) in the serum content of indirect bilirubin, urea, and sodium, and increase in the serum magnesium concentration. The partial replacement of the Tifton hay by Miúda or O.E.M. cactus cladodes in lamb feeding increases the enzyme activity, indicating liver and/or kidney changes, but does not cause relevant damage to energy, protein, and mineral metabolism. 750g/kg 750gkg gkg 750g kg g (750g/kg Nopalea Opuntia Thirtysix Thirty six 22.0 220 22 0 (22. 29kg 2 9kg weight design 1 repetitions roughage, roughage , roughage) cladodesbased based OEM O E M (O.E.M. baseline (baseline 4 diets P=0.055 P0055 P 055 (P=0.055 gammaglutamyl gamma glutamyl 53.66U/L 5366UL UL 53 66U L U (53.66U/L fructosamine O.E.M P=0.038 P0038 038 (P=0.038 41.33mg/dL. 4133mgdL mgdL 41.33mg/dL . 41 33mg dL mg (41.33mg/dL) variety P=0.001 P0001 001 (P=0.001 bilirubin urea sodium concentration andor changes energy protein metabolism 22. (22 (O.E.M P=0.05 P005 05 (P=0.05 5 P=0.03 P003 03 (P=0.03 (41.33mg/dL P=0.00 P000 00 (P=0.00 (2 P=0.0 P00 (P=0.0 ( P=0. P0 (P=0. P=0 (P=0 P= (P= (P

RESUMO Entre outubro de 2016 e outubro de 2017, 63 urólitos felinos foram analisados na Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), usando-se tanto análise química quanto espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS). O tipo de mineral mais encontrado foi o estruvita (53,9%), seguido pelo urato (39,7%), oxalato de cálcio (30,1%) e fosfato de cálcio (25,3%). Cálculos contendo xantina, cistina e sílica não foram observados. Urólitos classificados como simples comprometeram um total de 34/63. Entre os 42 animais presentes no estudo, 26 eram machos e 16 eram fêmeas. Dos animais comprometidos, 14,4% eram de raças puras, sendo observadas as raças Persa, Himalaio, Siamês e Angorá. Gatos com idade entre 25-72 meses foram mais frequentemente diagnosticados com urólitos. Os sinais clínicos variaram entre sinais sistêmicos e urinários, sendo anorexia, vômito, hematúria e disúria os mais encontrados. Todos os pacientes eram castrados, e 34 deles não tinham acesso à rua. Histórico familiar era desconhecido em quase 100% dos casos. Os resultados observados no presente estudo servem como base para comparações futuras relacionadas à epidemiologia da litíase urinária no Brasil, especialmente em espécies felinas.

ABSTRACT Between October 2016 and October 2017, 63 feline uroliths were analyzed at Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) by using both chemical analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The most frequent mineral type found was struvite (53.9%), followed by urate (39.7%), calcium oxalate (30.1%) and calcium phosphate (25.3%). Calculus containing xanthine, cystine and silica were not observed. Uroliths classified as simple, comprised a total of 34/63. Amongst the 42 animals present in the study, 26 were male and 16 were female. Pure breed animals comprised 14.4% of the total, and the breeds observed within the study were the Persian, Himalayan, Siamese, and Angora. Cats between 25-72 months old were more frequently diagnosed with uroliths. The clinical signs varied between systemic and urinary signs and the most found were anorexia, vomiting, hematuria and dysuria. All patients were either spayed or neutered and 34 patients had no outdoor access. Familial information was unknown in almost 100% of the cases. The results observed in the present study serve as a basis for future comparisons related to the epidemiology of urinary lithiasis in Brazil, especially for the feline species.

Seminal studies stated that bean proteins are efficient neuronal tracers with affinity for brain tissue. A low molecular weight peptide fraction (<3kDa) from Phaseolus vulgaris (PV3) was previously reported to be antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, and capable of reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing nitric oxide in cells. We evaluated the effects of PV3 (5, 50, 100, 500, and 5000 µg/kg) on behavior and the molecular routes potentially involved. Acute and chronic PV3 treatments were performed before testing Wistar rats: i) in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) to assess the anxiolytic-like effect; ii) in the open field (OF) to evaluate locomotion and exploration; and iii) for depression-like behavior in forced swimming (FS). Catecholaminergic involvement was tested using the tyrosine hydroxylases (TH) enzyme inhibitor, α-methyl-DL-tyrosine (AMPT). Brain areas of chronically treated groups were dissected to assess: i) lipid peroxidation (LPO); ii) carbonylated proteins (CP); iii) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activities. Neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS) and argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. Acute treatment with PV3 increased the frequency and time spent in the EPM open arms, suggesting anxiolysis. PV3 increased crossing episodes in the OF. These PV3 effects on anxiety and locomotion were absent in the chronically treated group. Acute and chronic PV3 treatments reduced the immobility time in the FS test, suggesting an antidepressant effect. TH inhibition by AMPT reverted acute PV3 effects. PV3 decreased LPO and CP levels and SOD and CAT activities, whereas nNOS and ASS were reduced in few brain areas. In conclusion, PV3 displayed central antioxidant actions that are concomitant to catecholaminergic-dependent anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação tópica do extrato alcoólico da semente e da casca da Dipteryx alata Vogel na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas, em camundongos. Um total de 54 camundongos C57BL/6 foram utilizados neste estudo, distribuídos em três grupos de 18 animais (controle, semente e casca). Em todos os animais, um fragmento de pele foi ressecado da região dorsal do tórax utilizando-se instrumento de punção de 9mm de diâmetro, após o qual foi realizada aplicação tópica de creme base (veículo), extrato hidroalcoólico 10% de semente ou casca, duas vezes ao dia. As avaliações macroscópica, histológica e imuno-histoquímica foram realizadas no sétimo, 14º e 21º dias de pós-operatório. Não foi observada diferença significativa quanto à área da ferida cutânea entre os grupos, apenas um efeito temporal na cicatrização (P>0,05), indicando estágio possivelmente mais avançado desse processo. Porém, na avaliação histológica, os grupos semente e controle apresentaram colagenização mais intensa que o grupo casca (P<0,05). Dipteryx alata Vogel mostrou-se inerte no processo de cicatrização de feridas em camundongos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the topical application of alcoholic extracts of Dipteryx alata Vogel almonds and bark in skin wound healing in mice. Fifty-four C57BL/6 mice were equally distributed into three groups: Control, Almond, and Bark. A 9 mm skin fragment was resected from the dorsal region of the animals’ thorax. The wounds were submitted to topical application of base cream (vehicle), 10% hydroalcoholic almond extract, or bark extract twice a day. Macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations were conducted on the 7th, 14th, and 21st postoperative days. No significant difference was observed regarding skin wound area among groups, with the parameter presenting only a temporal effect on healing (p>0.05). The almond and control groups exhibited more intense collagenization than the bark group (p<0.05). Dipteryx alata Vogel showed to be inert in the wound healing process in mice.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a neovascularização de xenoenxertos bovinos implantados em sítios intracorpóreos de coelhos (biorreatores). Foram utilizados 30 coelhos, os quais foram divididos em seis grupos, de acordo com o tempo de avaliação (sete, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias); cada animal recebeu implantes xenogênicos em três diferentes sítios intracorpóreos (A1 - bolsa de omento; A2 - espaço intermuscular do quadríceps femoral; A3 - subperiosteal do osso ílio). Avaliações histológicas classificaram a presença de angiogênese, o número de células inflamatórias, de tecido ósseo neoformado e a presença de células gigantes. As análises histológicas mostraram intensa angiogênese em todos os xenoenxertos implantados. Observou-se presença de infiltrado inflamatório e células gigantes no local do implante A1 e presença de neoformação óssea no local do implante A3. Ao mesmo tempo, a degeneração dos implantes e a formação de uma cápsula fibrosa foram observadas. Ao comparar a interação do local com os dias de avaliação, a análise estatística mostrou diferença significativa (P≤0,05) em qualquer momento da análise de neovascularização. O fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e as células inflamatórias do omento em sua estrutura podem ter contribuído para a maior presença de neovasos e células inflamatórias, fato que pode indicar funcionalidade como possível substituto ósseo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate neovascularization of bovine xenografts implanted in intracorporeal sites of rabbits (bioreactors). 30 rabbits were used, divided into 6 groups, according to the evaluation time (7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days); each animal received xenogenic implants in 3 different intracorporeal sites (A1 - omentum bag; A2 - intermuscular space of quadriceps femoris; A3 - subperiosteal of ilium bone). Histological assessments graded the presence of angiogenesis, the number of inflammatory cells, newly formed bone tissue, and the presence of giant cells. Histological analyses showed intense angiogenesis in all implanted xenografts. Presence of inflammatory infiltrate and giant cells at the A1 implant site and presence of bone neoformation at the A3 implant site were noted. Degeneration of implants and formation of a fibrous capsule were noted. When comparing the interaction of the site with the days of evaluation, statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in any time of neovascularization analysis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory cells of the omentum in its structure, may have contributed to the greater presence of neovessels and inflammatory cells, a fact that may indicate functionality as a possible bone substitute.