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Identification of hepatitis B virus A1762T/G1764A double mutant strain in patients in Southern Brazil
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Silva Souza, Adaliany Cecília da

; Souza Marasca, Giórgia de

; Kretzmann-Filho, Nélson Alexandre

; Dall-Bello, Aline

; Kliemann, Dimas Alexandre

; Tovo, Cristiane Valle

; Veiga, Ana Beatriz Gorini da

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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oct 2017, Volume 21 N. 5 Pages 525 - 529

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide public health problem. Chronic HBV infection with high viral replication may lead to cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Mutant HBV strains, such as the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant, have been associated with poor prognosis and higher risk of the patient for developing cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study analyzed the presence of the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant in patients with chronic HBV and its association with clinical parameters such as viral load, aminotransferases, and HBV antigens. A total of 49 patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the study, and the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant strain was detected in four samples (8.16%) by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length analysis (PCR-RFLP). The viral load was not significantly different between patients with or without the double mutant strain (p = 0.43). On the other hand, carriers of the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant had higher levels of ALT (p = 0.0028), while AST levels did not differ between groups (p = 0.051). In this study, 75% of the samples with the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutation were HBeAg negative and anti-HBe positive, reflecting seroconversion even though they still displayed high viral loads. Our study has shown that the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant strain circulates in Brazilian patients, and is associated with elevated levels of ALT and HBeAg seroconversion.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2017.05.002 521 downloads

FREQUENCY OF THE MDR1 GENE POLYMORPHISM RS1045642 (C3435T) IN HCV-HIV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS
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MARASCA, Giórgia de Souza

; MACHADO, André Luiz

; KRETZMANN FILHO, Nélson Alexandre

; SOUZA, Adaliany Cecília da Silva

; MATTOS, Angelo Alves de

; KLIEMANN, Dimas

; TOVO, Cristiane Valle

; VEIGA, Ana Beatriz Gorini da

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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dec 2016, Volume 53 N. 4 Pages 246 - 249

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Contexto Em virtude da elevada prevalência da coinfecção pelos vírus da hepatite C (HCV) e da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e às inúmeras complicações que esses vírus acarretam, é fundamental o maior entendimento do comportamento biológico dos mesmos. O polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único rs1045642 C3435T do gene de resistência a múltiplas drogas MDR1, no qual ocorre modificação do códon ATC para ATT, parece estar relacionado à resposta virológica sustentada ao tratamento do HCV em coinfectados HCV-HIV. Objetivo Mapear o polimorfismo C3435T do gene MDR1 em pacientes coinfectados HCV-HIV e correlacionar com dados clínicos e laboratoriais. Métodos Foram analisados 99 pacientes coinfectados HCV-HIV. A identificação molecular do polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único rs1045642 do gene MDR1 foi realizada pela técnica de PCR em tempo real (qPCR) alelo-específico com primers e sondas específicos para a identificação desse polimorfismo. Fatores de risco para a aquisição do HCV e a resposta virológica sustentada ao tratamento do HCV com interferon-alfa peguilado e ribavirina foram analisados. Resultados Dentre os pacientes avaliados, 54 (54,5%) eram do gênero masculino e 45 (45,5%) do gênero feminino. A média de idade foi de 46,1 anos (±9,8). As frequências dos genótipos CC, CT e TT foram 28,3%, 47,5% e 24,2% respectivamente, e as frequências alélicas foram 52% para alelo C e 48% para alelo T. Não houve associação entre o gene MDR1 e a resposta virológica sustentada (P=0,308). Conclusão Neste estudo, o polimorfismo C3435T no gene MDR1 não apresentou associação com a resposta virológica sustentada ao tratamento em indivíduos coinfectados HCV-HIV.

ABSTRACT Background Due to the high prevalence of co-infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the severity of these infections, the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in these processes, including viral behavior and host genetic profile, is of great importance for patient treatment and for public health policies.Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome, such as the SNP rs1045642 (C3435T) in the MDR1 gene, have been reported to be associated to the sustained virological response (SVR) to HCV treatment in HCV-HIV co-infected patients. Objective The present study analyzes the MDR1 gene C3435T polymorphism in HCV-HIV co-infected patients. Methods A total of 99 HCV-HIV patients were included in the study. The DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the SNP rs1045642 was assessed by Real Time PCR (qPCR). Risk factors for acquiring the virus and the SVR after HCV treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin were also analyzed. Results Among the patients, 54 (54.5%) were male and 45 (45.5%) were female. The average age was 46.1±9.8 years. The SVR after HCV treatment was 40%. The frequencies of MDR1 genotypes CC, CT and TT were 28.3%, 47.5% and 24.2%, respectively. Allele frequencies were 52% for the C allele and 48% for the T allele. No association was found for SNP rs1045642 (C3435T) regarding response to treatment (P=0.308). Conclusion - In this study, the C3435T polymorphism in the MDR1 gene appears not to be associated with SVR in HCV-HIV co-infected individuals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-28032016000400007 3882 downloads

The Elusive New Middle Class in Brazil
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Kerstenetzky, Celia Lessa

; Uchôa, Christiane

; Silva, Nelson do Valle

Brazilian Political Science Review

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dec 2015, Volume 9 N. 3 Pages 21 - 41

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Against the background of the generalized reduction of poverty in the world, and particularly in Brazil, this article intends to gauge the socio-economic profile of Brazilian households that emerged from poverty and have been identified as integrating a "new middle class". Using indicators of standards of living from the 2008-2009 Survey on Family Budgets (POF/IBGE), we found out that, in contrast to what has been assumed on the basis of average income criteria, this social stratum is markedly heterogeneous, most of it being similar in their consumption patterns to the economically vulnerable or outright poor strata. So, we conclude that, from a sociological perspective that demands additional conditions besides income levels to identify social classes, it is a category mistake to call this social stratum a new middle class. We conjecture that this may be consequential in terms of policy priorities and choices.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-38212015000300018 2627 downloads

Ciências sociais, censo e informação quantitativa no Brasil: entrevista com Elza Berquó e Nelson do Valle Silva
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Barbosa, Rogério Jerônimo

; De Brito, Murillo Alves Marschner

; Ferrari, Diogo

; Silva, Patrick

; Prates, Ian Andrade

; Barone, Leonardo Sangali

Novos estudos CEBRAP

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mar 2013, N. 95 Pages 143 - 155

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Nesta entrevista, os pesquisadores Elza Berquó e Nelson do Valle Silva relembram suas trajetórias profissionais e a consolidação da pesquisa quantitativa nas ciências sociais no Brasil.

In this interview, Brazilian demographer Elza Berquó and statistician Nelson do Valle Silva consider their professional careers and the consolidation of quantitative research in the social sciences in Brazil.

5226 downloads

DESEMPENHO INDIVIDUAL E ORGANIZAÇÃO ESCOLAR NA REALIZAÇÃO EDUCACIONAL
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Silva, Nelson do Valle

; Barbosa, Maria Ligia de Oliveira

Sociologia & Antropologia

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dec 2012, Volume 2 N. 4 Pages 159 - 184

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Esse artigo analisa algumas representações dos brasileiros sobre seu processo de escolarização (avaliações e lembranças sobre escola e professores) e suas relações com a objetivação dessas representações em trajetórias escolares diferenciadas (níveis de desempenho escolar dos entrevistados). São descritas as variáveis clássicas - idade, sexo e origem social - dos chefes de família e cônjuges integrantes da nossa amostra, que é representativa da população brasileira. A escola foi caracterizada como um fator interveniente na trajetória social dos indivíduos através de três avaliações da experiência individual: a escola, o professor e a própria posição entre os colegas. Analisou-se o peso dessas experiências escolares na determinação dos diferentes níveis de sucesso escolar em relação ao peso da origem familiar ou social. No contexto brasileiro, origem social determina fortemente as trajetórias escolares. A escola não foi capaz ainda de reduzir substancialmente os impactos da origem social dos alunos sobre o seu destino.

Abstract: This article analyzes some representations of Brazilians on their educational processes (reviews and memories about school and teachers) and their relationships with the objectification of these differentiated representations in school trajectories (schooling levels of respondents). We describe the classical variables - age, sex and social background - of household heads and spouses members of our sample that is representative of the population. The school was characterized as an intervening factor in the social trajectory through three evaluations of individual experience: the school, the teacher and the position among colleagues. We analyzed the weight of these school experiences in determining the different levels of educational attainment in relation to the weight of family or social origin. In the Brazilian context, social origin strongly determines the school trajectories. The school still has not been able to substantially reduce the impact of social background on the students’ trajectories.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2238-38752012v248 2692 downloads

III Diretrizes para Tuberculose da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia
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Conde, Marcus Barreto

; Melo, Fernando Augusto Fiuza de

; Marques, Ana Maria Campos

; Cardoso, Ninarosa Calzavara

; Pinheiro, Valeria Goes Ferreira

; Dalcin, Paulo de Tarso Roth

; Machado Junior, Almério

; Lemos, Antonio Carlos Moreira

; Netto, Antônio Ruffino

; Durovni, Betina

; Sant'Anna, Clemax Couto

; Lima, Dinalva

; Capone, Domenico

; Barreira, Draurio

; Matos, Eliana Dias

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; David, Fernando Cezar

; Marsico, Giovanni

; Afiune, Jorge Barros

; Silva, José Roberto Lapa e

; Jamal, Leda Fátima

; Telles, Maria Alice da Silva

; Hirata, Mário Hiroyuki

; Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti

; Rabahi, Marcelo Fouad

; Cailleaux-Cesar, Michelle

; Palaci, Moises

; Morrone, Nelson

; Guerra, Renata Leborato

; Dietze, Reynaldo

; Miranda, Silvana Spíndola de

; Cavalcante, Solange Cesar

; Nogueira, Susie Andries

; Nonato, Tatiana Senna Galvão

; Martire, Terezinha

; Galesi, Vera Maria Nader

; Dettoni, Valdério do Valle

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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oct 2009, Volume 35 N. 10 Pages 1018 - 1048

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Diariamente novos artigos científicos sobre tuberculose (TB) são publicados em todo mundo. No entanto, é difícil para o profissional sobrecarregado na rotina de trabalho acompanhar a literatura e discernir o que pode e deve ser aplicado na prática diária juntos aos pacientes com TB. A proposta das "III Diretrizes para TB da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT)" é revisar de forma crítica o que existe de mais recente na literatura científica nacional e internacional sobre TB e apresentar aos profissionais da área de saúde as ferramentas mais atuais e úteis para o enfrentamento da TB no nosso país. As atuais "III Diretrizes para TB da SBPT" foram desenvolvidas pela Comissão de TB da SBPT e pelo Grupo de Trabalho para TB a partir do texto das "II Diretrizes para TB da SBPT" (2004). As bases de dados consultadas foram LILACS (SciELO) e PubMed (Medline). Os artigos citados foram avaliados para determinação do nível de evidência científica, e 24 recomendações sobre TB foram avaliadas, discutidas por todo grupo e colocadas em destaque. A primeira versão das "III Diretrizes para TB da SBPT" foi colocada no website da SBPT para consulta pública durante três semanas, e as sugestões, críticas e o nível de evidência da referência científica que as embasavam foram avaliados e discutidos antes de serem incorporadas ou não ao texto final.

New scientific articles about tuberculosis (TB) are published daily worldwide. However, it is difficult for health care workers, overloaded with work, to stay abreast of the latest research findings and to discern which information can and should be used in their daily practice on assisting TB patients. The purpose of the III Brazilian Thoracic Association (BTA) Guidelines on TB is to critically review the most recent national and international scientific information on TB, presenting an updated text with the most current and useful tools against TB to health care workers in our country. The III BTA Guidelines on TB have been developed by the BTA Committee on TB and the TB Work Group, based on the text of the II BTA Guidelines on TB (2004). We reviewed the following databases: LILACS (SciELO) and PubMed (Medline). The level of evidence of the cited articles was determined, and 24 recommendations on TB have been evaluated, discussed by all of the members of the BTA Committee on TB and of the TB Work Group, and highlighted. The first version of the present Guidelines was posted on the BTA website and was available for public consultation for three weeks. Comments and critiques were evaluated. The level of scientific evidence of each reference was evaluated before its acceptance for use in the final text.

112639 downloads Cited 23 times in SciELO

Cor, educação e casamento: tendências da seletividade marital no Brasil, 1960 a 2000
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Ribeiro, Carlos Antonio Costa

; Silva, Nelson do Valle

Dados

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mar 2009, Volume 52 N. 1 Pages 7 - 51

Abstract: Pt En Fr | Text: Pt En Fr | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Fr

The article analyzes trends in marital selectiveness among blacks, browns, and whites in Brazil, using data from 1960, 1980, and 2000. Given that the educational system expanded and racial inequalities decreased over the years, the article aims to investigate to what extent these trends are related to the reduction in barriers to interracial marriage, as observed during the period. The authors thus analyze marriage patterns in couples of different color and schooling. The reduction in barriers to interracial marriage is independent of the parallel decrease in couples with different educational levels. Such barriers have become less common in all groups, except for those with the most education; in other words, the odds of marriage between husbands and wives with any level of university education increased from 1960 to 2000, corresponding to an increase in the barrier to marriage between highly educated individuals and less educated partners. Nevertheless, the overall trend was towards a decrease in barriers to interracial and inter-educational marriages from 1960 to 2000. In other words, there are steadily fewer impediments to interracial and inter-educational marriages in Brazil.

Dans cet article, on analyse les tendances de la sélection maritale entre noirs, mulâtres et blancs au Brésil, à partir de données couvrant les années 1960, 1980 et 2000. En considérant que le système d'éducation s'est développé et que les inégalités raciales ont diminué avec les années, on cherche à savoir dans quelle mesure ces tendances sont liées à l'aténuation des barrières aux mariages inter-raciaux observée dans la période en question. Dans ce sens, on examine les modèles de mariage entre personnes de couleur de peau et niveau scolaire différents. La diminution des barrières dans le mariage inter-racial ne dépend pas de la diminution parallèle des mariages de niveau scolaire différent. Ces derniers diminuent chez tous les groupes, sauf pour les plus scolarisés, c'est-à-dire que les chances de mariage entre hommes et femmes de scolarité supérieure sont plus grandes entre 1960 et 2000, ce qui correspond à un accroissement de la barrière pour les mariages entre gens très scolarisés et peu scolarisés. Malgré cela, la tendance générale est de diminution des barrières aux mariages inter-raciaux et entre des gens de niveau-scolaire différent entre 1960 et 2000. Soit, il y a de moins en moins de restrictions aux mariages inter-raciaux et entre des gens de niveau scolaire différent au Brésil.

4962 downloads Cited 6 times in SciELO

Distribuição social da AIDS no Brasil, segundo participação no mercado de trabalho, ocupação e status sócio-econômico dos casos de 1987 a 1998
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Fonseca, Maria Goretti P.

; Travassos, Cláudia

; Bastos, Francisco Inácio

; Silva, Nelson do Valle

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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oct 2003, Volume 19 N. 5 Pages 1351 - 1363

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Estudou-se a evolução temporal da epidemia de AIDS no Brasil, tendo a ocupação como variável identificadora da condição sócio-econômica dos casos. Todos os casos de AIDS de 20 a 49 anos de idade, diagnosticados entre 1987-1998, foram incluídos. Analisou-se a evolução temporal das taxas de incidência de AIDS, por sexo, categoria ocupacional e quintos da Escala de Status Sócio-econômico (ESO), além da proporção de casos segundo os quintos da ESO por categoria de exposição. Entre os homens, as taxas de incidência aumentaram, no 1: período, em praticamente todas as categorias ocupacionais, e reduziram entre aquelas classificadas como "não manuais", no 2: período. Entre as mulheres, observou-se incremento anual em quase todas as categorias ocupacionais, de 1987 a 1998. Os maiores aumentos relativos foram observados nos quintos da ESO de menor status sócio-econômico, para ambos os sexos. A categoria de exposição "UDI" foi a que apresentou o pior status sócio-econômico, em ambos os sexos, e a categoria "homo/bissexual" o status mais elevado, entre os homens. A análise evidenciou a progressiva mudança no gradiente social da epidemia de AIDS, com maior velocidade de disseminação nas populações de menor status sócio-econômico.

The dynamics of the Brazilian AIDS epidemic was analyzed by occupation, taken as a proxy for individual socioeconomic status. The analysis comprised AIDS cases aged 20-49 and diagnosed in 1987-1998. The temporal trend in AIDS incidence rates was analyzed by sex, occupational category, and quintiles defined by a Brazilian scale for socioeconomic status (SES). The proportions of AIDS cases stratified by SES quintiles were analyzed by exposure category. Among men, incidence rates increased in the 1st time period in almost all occupational categories, decreasing among those classified as "non-manual" occupations during the 2nd period. Among females, an annual increment was observed from 1987 to 1998 in nearly all occupational strata. The highest relative increases were observed among the lowest SES scales for both sexes. The intravenous drug user (IDU) exposure category had the lowest socioeconomic status for both sexes, whereas the homo/bisexual category had the highest. The analysis highlighted a progressive change in the epidemic's social gradient during the period, with a faster spread among the lower socioeconomic strata.

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Distribuição social da AIDS no Brasil, segundo participação no mercado de trabalho, ocupação e status sócio-econômico dos casos de 1987 a 1998
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Fonseca, Maria Goretti P.

; Travassos, Cláudia

; Bastos, Francisco Inácio

; Silva, Nelson do Valle

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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oct 2003, Volume 19 N. 5 Pages 1351 - 1363

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

2144 downloads

10.

Recursos familiares e transições educacionais
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Silva, Nelson do Valle

; Hasenbalg, Carlos

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2002, Volume 18 Pages S67 - S76

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho, exploramos a aplicação de um modelo de logits condicionais que permite que determinantes sócio-econômicos da escolaridade tenham efeitos variantes em estágios diferentes do processo de escolarização. Os resultados indicam que esses determinantes, de um modo geral, têm efeito máximo no meio do ciclo escolar básico. As exceções a este padrão são os efeitos de "Educação do Chefe do Domicilio", o qual declina ao longo do processo, e aqueles de "Renda Familiar per Capita" e "Cor da Pele", que tendem a aumentar ao longo das transições.

In this paper we explore the use of a conditional logits model that allows for varying effects of socioeconomic determinants on the schooling process. The results indicate that these determinants in general have a maximum effect in the middle of transitions in primary schooling and are weaker at both the beginning and especially at the end of this schooling process. Exceptions to this pattern are the effects of "head of household's schooling", which decline over the process, and those of "per capita family income" and "skin color", which tend to increase over the course of educational transitions.

979 downloads Cited 11 times in SciELO

11.

Recursos familiares e transições educacionais
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Silva, Nelson do Valle

; Hasenbalg, Carlos

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2002, Volume 18 Pages S67 - S76

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

2656 downloads Cited 11 times in SciELO

12.

Tendências da desigualdade educacional no Brasil
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Silva, Nelson do Valle

; Hasenbalg, Carlos

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2000, Volume 43 N. 3 Pages 423 - 445

Abstract: Pt En Fr | Text: Pt En Fr | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Fr

Even today, Brazil’s educational indicators are only slightly better than those of the poorest countries in Latin America. Nevertheless, the slow but continuous expansion in schooling in the last two decades has increased the Brazilian population’s educational level and decreased inequality according to region, color, gender, and income bracket. By breaking down the explanatory factors for educational improvement, this study suggests, as a conservative estimate, that approximately 60% of this improvement is due to changes in living conditions and the geographic distribution of families resulting from urbanization and the demographic transition, with the remaining 40% due to actual improvements in the educational system’s performance.

L’éducation au Brésil présente encore aujourd’hui des indicateurs qui ne dépassent que ceux des pays latino-américains les plus pauvres. Néanmoins, la progression de l’éducation, lente mais continue, des deux dernières décennies est parvenue à améliorer le niveau d’instruction de la population ainsi qu’à diminuer ces inégalités entre régions, groupes raciaux, genre, tranches de revenus. L’exercice d’analyse des facteurs expliquant l’amélioration éducative qu’on propose dans ce travail suggère, comme prévision conservatrice, que 60% environ de cette amélioration sont dus aux changements dans les conditions de vie et à la distribution géographique des familles, résultat de l’urbanisation et de la transition démographique. Ce n’est que les autres 40% qui relèvent des améliorations effectives vérifiées dans l’exercice du système éducatif.

12182 downloads Cited 11 times in SciELO

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You can enrich your search in a very simple way. Use the search indexes combined with the connectors (AND or OR) and specify more your search.

For example, if you want to search for articles about
cases of dengue in Brasil in 2015, use:
ti:dengue and publication_year:2015 and aff_country:Brasil

See below the complete list of search indexes that can be used:

Index code	Element
ti	article title
au	author
kw	article keywords
subject	subject (title words, abstract and keywords)
ab	abstract
ta	journal short title (e.g. Cad. Saúde Pública)
journal_title	journal full title (e.g. Cadernos de Saúde Pública)
la	publication language code (e.g. pt - Portuguese, es - Spanish)
type	document type
pid	publication identifier
publication_year	publication year of publication
sponsor	sponsor
aff_country	country code of the author's affiliation
aff_institution	author affiliation institution
volume	article volume
issue	article issue
elocation	elocation
doi	DOI number
issn	journal ISSN
in	SciELO colection code (e.g. scl - Brasil, col - Colômbia)
use_license	article usage license code

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