ABSTRACT. Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker and Macrophomina phaseolina Tassi (Goid) are phytopathogenic fungi responsible for causing "root rot and vine decline" in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Currently, cultural management practices are predominantly employed to control these pathogens, as the use of pesticides not only has detrimental environmental impacts but has also proven ineffective against them. These fungi have already undergone molecular characterization, and their genomes are now available, enabling the targeted search for protein targets. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel target proteins that can serve as a foundation for the development of fungicides for effectively managing these pathogens. The genomes of M. cannonballus (assembly ASM415492v1) and M. phaseolina (assembly ASM2087553v1) were subjected to comprehensive analysis, filtration, and comparison. The proteomes of both fungi were clustered based on functional criteria, including putative and hypothetical functions, cell localization, and function-structure relationships. The selection process for homologs in the fungal genomes included a structural search. In the case of M. cannonballus, a total of 17,518 proteins were re-annotated, and among them, 13 candidate targets were identified. As for M. phaseolina, 30,226 initial proteins were analyzed, leading to the identification of 10 potential target proteins. This study thus provides new insights into the molecular functions of these potential targets, with the further validation of inhibitors through experimental methods holding promise for expanding our knowledge in this area. ABSTRACT Goid (Goid root decline Cucumis L.. L L. . L.) Currently pathogens them characterization available Therefore M assembly ASM415492v1 ASMv ASM v ASM2087553v1 analysis filtration comparison criteria localization functionstructure function structure relationships 17518 17 518 17,51 reannotated, reannotated re annotated, annotated re-annotated 1 identified 30226 30 226 30,22 analyzed area ASM415492v ASM2087553v 1751 51 17,5 3022 3 22 30,2 175 5 17, 302 2 30,

Resumo Este estudo objetivou comparar a disponibilidade de fornecimentos e restaurações de amálgama e resina composta entre as Equipas de Saúde Oral (OHT) por regiões brasileiras. Os dados secundários foram extraídos dos módulos I e II do 1º (2012) e V e VI do 2º (2014) e 3º ciclo (2017) da avaliação externa do Programa Nacional de Acesso e Qualidade em Cuidados Primários. As proporções entre regiões e ciclos foram comparadas utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado com o teste z ajustado pelo método de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Entre 2012, 2014, e 2017 houve uma redução significativa na proporção de OHT que realizou restaurações de amálgama (87,5%, 89,2%, e 80,2%; p<0,001) e um aumento na resina composta (92,5%, 97,7%, e 99,0%; p<0,001), com a mesma tendência nas regiões brasileiras (p<0,001). A disponibilidade de amalgamadores diminuiu entre 2012 (99,0%), 2014 (98,4%) e 2017 (85,6%) (p<0,001). A disponibilidade de amálgama foi menor em 2017 (80,1%), em comparação com 2012 (87,5%) e 2014 (97,5%) (p<0,001). A disponibilidade de polimerização por luz diminuiu entre 2012 (99,0%), 2014 (98,4%) e 2017 (85,6%) (p<0,001), estando menos disponível no Norte (95,7%) (p<0,001). A resina fotopolimerizadora aumentou entre 2012 (94,1%), 2014 (96,6%) e 2017 (97,0%) (p<0,001), sem aumento apenas no Norte (p=0,134). Embora tenha havido uma redução nos fornecimentos e restauração de amálgamas, houve um aumento nos fornecimentos e restaurações de resina composta no período avaliado em todas as regiões brasileiras. Contudo, as disparidades regionais são ainda evidentes, com menos oferta de serviços de restauração na região Norte. (OHT º (2012 (2014 (2017 Primários Quiquadrado Qui quadrado p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 0 05 (p<0,05) 201 87,5%, 875 87 5 (87,5% 892 89 2 89,2% 80,2% 802 80 p<0,001 p0001 001 92,5%, 925 92 (92,5% 977 97 7 97,7% 99,0% 990 99 p<0,001, , p<0,001. (p<0,001) 99,0%, (99,0%) 98,4% 984 98 4 (98,4% 85,6% 856 85 6 (85,6% 80,1%, 801 80,1% 1 (80,1%) 87,5% 97,5% 975 (97,5% 95,7% 957 95 (95,7% 94,1%, 941 94,1% 94 (94,1%) 96,6% 966 96 (96,6% 97,0% 970 (97,0% p=0,134. p0134 p=0,134 134 (p=0,134) amálgamas Contudo evidentes (201 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 20 8 (87,5 89,2 80,2 p<0,00 p000 00 92,5% 9 (92,5 97,7 99,0 (p<0,001 (99,0% 98,4 (98,4 85,6 (85,6 80,1 (80,1% 87,5 97,5 (97,5 95,7 (95,7 94,1 (94,1% 96,6 (96,6 97,0 (97,0 p013 p=0,13 13 (p=0,134 (20 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 (87, 89, 80, 92,5 (92, 97, 99, (p<0,00 (99,0 98, (98, 85, (85, (80,1 87, (97, 95, (95, 94, (94,1 96, (96, p01 p=0,1 (p=0,13 (2 p<0 (p<0, (87 92, (92 (99, (98 (85 (80, (97 (95 (94, (96 p=0, (p=0,1 ( p< (p<0 (8 (9 (99 (80 (94 p=0 (p=0, (p< p= (p=0 (p (p=

Abstract This study aimed to compare the availability of supplies and amalgam and composite resin restorations among Oral Health Teams (OHT) in Brazilian regions. Secondary data were extracted from Modules I and II of the 1st (2012) and V and VI of the 2nd (2014) and 3rd cycle (2017) of the external evaluation of the National Program for Access and Quality in Primary Care2. The proportions between regions and cycles were compared using the Chi-square test with the z-test adjusted by the Bonferroni method (p<0.05). Among 2012, 2014, and 2017 there was a significant reduction in the proportion of OHT that performed amalgam restorations (87.5%, 89.2%, and 80.2%; p<0.001) and an increase in resin composite (92.5 %, 97.7%, and 99.0%; p<0.001), with the same trend in Brazilian regions (p<0.001). Amalgamator availability decreased among 2012 (99.0%), 2014 (98.4%) and 2017 (85.6%) (p<0.001). Amalgam availability was lower in 2017 (80.1%), compared to 2012 (87.5%) and 2014 (97.5%) (p<0.001). The availability of light curing decreased between 2012 (99.0%), 2014 (98.4%) and 2017 (85.6%) (p<0.001), being less available in the North (95.7%) (p<0.001). The light-curing resin increased between 2012 (94.1%), 2014 (96.6%) and 2017 (97.0%) (p<0.001), with no increase only in the North (p=0.134). While there was a reduction in supplies and amalgam restoration, there was an increase in supplies and resin composite restorations in the period evaluated in all Brazilian regions. However, regional disparities are still evident, with fewer supplies of restorative services in the North region. (OHT st (2012 nd (2014 rd (2017 Care2 Care Chisquare Chi square ztest z p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) 201 87.5%, 875 87 5 (87.5% 892 89 2 89.2% 80.2% 802 80 p<0.001 p0001 001 92.5 925 92 (92. % 977 97 7 97.7% 99.0% 990 99 p<0.001, , p<0.001. (p<0.001) 99.0%, (99.0%) 98.4% 984 98 4 (98.4% 85.6% 856 85 6 (85.6% 80.1%, 801 80.1% 1 (80.1%) 87.5% 97.5% 975 (97.5% 95.7% 957 95 (95.7% lightcuring 94.1%, 941 94.1% 94 (94.1%) 96.6% 966 96 (96.6% 97.0% 970 (97.0% p=0.134. p0134 p=0.134 134 (p=0.134) restoration However evident region (201 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 20 8 (87.5 89.2 80.2 p<0.00 p000 00 92. 9 (92 97.7 99.0 (p<0.001 (99.0% 98.4 (98.4 85.6 (85.6 80.1 (80.1% 87.5 97.5 (97.5 95.7 (95.7 94.1 (94.1% 96.6 (96.6 97.0 (97.0 p013 p=0.13 13 (p=0.134 (20 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (87. 89. 80. (9 97. 99. (p<0.00 (99.0 98. (98. 85. (85. (80.1 87. (97. 95. (95. 94. (94.1 96. (96. p01 p=0.1 (p=0.13 (2 p<0 (p<0. (87 ( (99. (98 (85 (80. (97 (95 (94. (96 p=0. (p=0.1 p< (p<0 (8 (99 (80 (94 p=0 (p=0. (p< p= (p=0 (p (p=

The microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was used to obtain α-Ag2WO4. Rietveld refinement confirmed that α-Ag2WO4 is stable in the orthorhombic phase, without secondary phase. However, field-effect scanning electron microscope analysis showed that α-Ag2WO4 nanorods surfaces contain silver nanoparticles, confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy by the peak observed at 374.39 eV. In addition to metallic Ag, other Ag oxidation states were also observed on the surface. Hence, Ag (I) as Ag2O and Ag (I) as Ag2WO4 also were identified. DC measurements exhibited a high capacity of charge storage, nevertheless, with a large loss tangent (0.12 µC.cm-2.V-1) and no residual polarization for the voltage range between -100 V and +100 V. AC measurements at frequencies less than 275 Hz, revealed that ionic polarization is dominant, whereas at frequencies higher than 275 Hz, the electronic behavior predominates. The potential of electromagnetic energy conversion in thermal was observed from loss tangent analysis.

SUMMARY: We evaluated the supplementation of the MS culture medium with active chlorine and activated charcoal for the in vitro culture of Bambusa vulgaris. Lateral shoots were collected from field-cultivated plants to obtain explants, which consisted of nodal segments of 1-2 cm length, containing one axillary bud. The MS culture medium was supplemented with the following treatments: E1= 0.004 % v v-1 of active chlorine + 4 g L-1 of charcoal; E2= 0.004 % v v-1 of active chlorine; E3= 4 g L-1 charcoal and E4= control (no active chlorine and no charcoal). The percentage of oxidation, fungal and bacterial contamination, explant establishment, survival, sprout and adventitious rooting were evaluated every 21 d, during 63 d. The use of active chlorine reduced the fungal (28 %) and bacterial (38 %) contamination, being the treatment with the highest percentage of established explants (16 %), survival (68 %) and sprout induction (95 %) after 63 d. After 36 days from the beginning of the multiplication stage, some explants presented spontaneous rooting, without the application of plant growth regulators. An anatomical analysis of sprouts and roots revealed the presence of meristematic zones. Furthermore, it indicated that the emergence of adventitious roots occurred from the nodal region in association with axillary buds. Our results contribute toward the development of more efficient protocols for the in vitro propagation of B. vulgaris, from which we recommend using active chlorine for further assessments.

RESUMEN: En el estudio se evaluó el suplemento de cloro activo y carbono activado en el cultivo in vitro de Bambusa vulgaris. Brotes laterales fueron colectados de las plantas cultivadas en el campo para obtener explantes. Los explantes consistieron en segmentos nodales de 1-2 cm de longitud que contenían una yema axilar. El medio MS se suplementó con los siguientes tratamientos: E1 = 0,004 % v v-1 de cloro activo + 4 g L-1 de carbón; E2 = 0,004 % v v-1 de cloro activo; E3 = 4 g L-1 de carbón y E4 = control (sin suplemento con cloro activo y sin carbón). El porcentaje de oxidación, la contaminación por hongos y bacterias, el establecimiento del explante, la supervivencia, la inducción del brote y enraizamiento se evaluaron durante 63 días. El uso de cloro activo redujo la contaminación por hongos (28 %) y bacterianas (38 %), siendo el tratamiento con mayor porcentaje de explantes establecidos (16 %), supervivencia (68 %) y inducción de brotes (95 %). Después de 36 días, algunos explantes presentaron enraizamiento espontáneo, sin aplicación de reguladores de crecimiento. Un análisis anatómico de los brotes y raíces mostró zonas meristemáticas, la conexión entre el sistema vascular del tallo y las hojas y la aparición de raíces adventicias en la región nodal en asociación con los brotes axilares. Los resultados contribuyen al desarrollo de protocolos más eficientes para la propagación in vitro de B. vulgaris, de los cuales se recomienda el uso de cloro activo para futuras evaluaciones.

Leishmania parasites expose phosphatidylserine (PS) on their surface, a process that has been associated with regulation of host's immune responses. In this study we demonstrate that PS exposure by metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis favours blood coagulation. L. amazonensis accelerates in vitro coagulation of human plasma. In addition, L. amazonensis supports the assembly of the prothrombinase complex, thus promoting thrombin formation. This process was reversed by annexin V which blocks PS binding sites. During blood meal, Lutzomyia longipalpis sandfly inject saliva in the bite site, which has a series of pharmacologically active compounds that inhibit blood coagulation. Since saliva and parasites are co-injected in the host during natural transmission, we evaluated the anticoagulant properties of sandfly saliva in counteracting the procoagulant activity of L. amazonensis . Lu. longipalpis saliva reverses plasma clotting promoted by promastigotes. It also inhibits thrombin formation by the prothrombinase complex assembled either in phosphatidylcholine (PC)/PS vesicles or in L. amazonensis . Sandfly saliva inhibits factor X activation by the intrinsic tenase complex assembled on PC/PS vesicles and blocks factor Xa catalytic activity. Altogether our results show that metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis are procoagulant due to PS exposure. Notably, this effect is efficiently counteracted by sandfly saliva.

Streptococcus agalactiae is a common agent of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis and an important cause of human infections, mainly among pregnant women, neonates and nonpregnant adults with underlying diseases. The present study describes the genetic and phenotypic diversity among 392 S. agalactiae human and bovine strains isolated between 1980 and 2006 in Brazil. The most prevalent serotypes were Ia, II, III and V and all the strains were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin and levofloxacin. Resistance to clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampicin and tetracycline was observed. Among the erythromycin resistant strains, mefA/E, ermA and, mainly, ermB gene were detected, and a shift of prevalence from the macrolide resistance phenotype to the macrolidelincosamide- streptogramin B resistance phenotype over the years was observed. The 23 macrolide-resistant strains showed 19 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. Regarding macrolide resistance, a major concern in S. agalactiae epidemiology, the present study describes an increase in erythromycin resistance from the 80s to the 90s followed by a decrease in the 2000-2006 period. Also, the genetic heterogeneity described points out that erythromycin resistance in Brazil is rather due to horizontal gene transmission than to spreading of specific macrolide-resistant clones.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de túberas-semente de inhame pelo sistema de plantio adensado de porções de túberas-semente e seus efeitos na produtividade. O trabalho foi conduzido na UFPB, em Areia (PB). Inicialmente, foram produzidas túberas-semente de inhame por meio do plantio de pedaços das mesmas com pesos de 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 e 200 g, espaçados de 20 x 20 cm. As túberas-semente produzidas apresentaram pesos médias de 108, 133, 157, 181, 205, 229, 253 e 277 g, as quais foram plantadas para avaliação da produtividade de túberas. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o peso médio e a produção de túberas-semente e as produtividades total e comercial. A produção e peso médio de túberas-semente aumentaram linearmente com o aumento do peso dos pedaços de túberas-semente plantados, com valores máximos de 277 e 4.170 g, respectivamente, obtidos com o pedaço de 200 g de túberas-semente. A produtividade média total foi de 13,6 t ha-1, em função dos pesos de túberas-semente. A produtividade de túberas comerciais foi de 10,8 t ha-1, obtida com túberas-semente com peso médio de 181 g, representando uma economia de 34% na quantidade de túberas-semente necessária para a implantação de um hectare do inhame.

This study was carried out in two steps at UFPB, in Areia, Paraiba state, Brazil, to evaluate the yam seed production by a high density planting system of tuber-seed portions and its effect on tuber yield. The experimental design in the two steps was randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications. In the first step were produced yam tuber-seeds through planting of tuber-seed. Initially, we produced tuber-seed portions by planting pieces of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 g, spaced 20 x 20 cm. The seeds produced in the previous step, had average weight of 108, 133, 157, 181, 205, 229, 253 and 277 g, which were planted to evaluate the yam yield. We evaluated the average mass and the production of seed tubers and the total and commercial yield. The production and average weight of tuber-seeds increased linearly with increasing weight of the pieces of tuber-seeds planted, with maximum values of 277 and 4,170 g, respectively, obtained with a piece of 200 g of tuber-seeds. The total average yield was 13.6 t ha-1 depending on the weight of the planted seed-roots. The marketable yield of tubers was 10.8 t ha-1 obtained with tuber-seeds with an average weight of 181 g, which represents a savings of 34% in the amount of tuber-seeds necessary for the implementation of a hectare of yam.

Streptococcus agalactiae isolates are more common among pregnant women, neonates and nonpregnant adults with underlying diseases compared to other demographic groups. In this study, we evaluate the genetic and phenotypic diversity in S. agalactiae strains from Rio de Janeiro (RJ) that were isolated from asymptomatic carriers. We analysed these S. agalactiae strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, as well as by determining the macrolide resistance phenotype, and detecting the presence of the ermA/B, mefA/E and lnuB genes. The serotypes Ia, II, III and V were the most prevalent serotypes observed. The 60 strains analysed were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin and levofloxacin. Resistance to clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampin and tetracycline was observed. Among the erythromycin and/or clindamycin resistant strains, the ermA, ermB and mefA/E genes were detected and the constitutive macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B-type resistance was the most prevalent phenotype observed. The lnuB gene was not detected in any of the strains studied. We found 56 PFGE electrophoretic profiles and only 22 of them were allocated in polymorphism patterns. This work presents data on the genetic diversity and prevalent capsular serotypes among RJ isolates. Approximately 85% of these strains came from pregnant women; therefore, these data may be helpful in developing future prophylaxis and treatment strategies for neonatal syndromes in RJ.

O baixo teor de fósforo nos solos tropicais torna essencial pesquisas sobre sua adubação em culturas pouco estudadas como o inhame. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a produtividade do inhame (cultivar Da Costa) em função de doses de fósforo e épocas de colheita. De fevereiro a dezembro de 2009 foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, em quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram avaliadas seis doses de fósforo (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 kg ha-1 de P2O5), e nas subparcelas duas épocas de colheitas (sete e nove meses após o plantio). Os pesos máximos de túberas colhidas aos sete e aos nove meses foram 1,94 e 2,20 kg com 245 e 240 kg ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. Não houve efeito das doses de fósforo na produtividade total aos sete meses, sendo o valor médio 13 t ha-1. A máxima produtividade comercial foi 11,8 t ha-1 com 266 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Aos nove meses, as máximas produtividades total (24,7 t ha-1) e comercial (20,5 t ha-1) foram obtidas com 285 e 226 kg ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. As máximas percentagens de túberas classificadas como primeira foram 80 e 90% aos sete meses e noves meses com 320 e 277 kg ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. As doses econômicas foram de 219 e 233 kg ha-1 de P2O5 para obtenção de 20,19 t ha-1 e 12,88 t ha-1 de túberas comerciais aos nove e sete meses, representando incrementos de 19,17 e 3,9 t ha-1 em relação à ausência do insumo, respectivamente.

The low content of phosphorus in tropical soils makes essential the research about fertilization in crops which are poorly studied such as yam. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the yam productivity (cultivar Da Costa) depending on phosphorus doses and harvest seasons. From February to December 2009, an experiment was carried out using the randomized blocks experimental design in subdivided plots, with four replications. In the plots six doses of phosphorus were evaluated (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg ha-1 of P2O5), and in the subplots two harvest seasons (seven and nine months after planting). The highest weight of tubers in seven and nine months was 1.94 and 2.20 kg with 245 and 240 kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively. There was no significant effect of phosphorus doses on the total productivity in seven months and the average value was 13 t ha-1. The highest marketable productivity was 11.8 t ha-1 with 266 kg ha-1 of P2O5. In nine months, the highest total and marketable yield (24.7 and 20.5 t ha-1, respectively) was achieved with the application of 285 and 226 kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively. The yield of tubers classified as first was 80 and 90% in seven and nine months, respectively, and was obtained with the application of 320 and 277 kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively. The economic doses were 219 and 233 kg ha-1 of P2O5 to obtain 20.19 t ha-1 and 12.88 t ha-1 of marketable tubers in seven and nine months, representing increments of 19.17 and 3.9 t ha-1 in comparison to no application of phosphorus, respectively.

Na região Nordeste do Brasil, a batata-doce é principalmente plantada por pequenos produtores em sistema de agricultura familiar, constituindo-se numa alternativa de alimentação e geração de emprego e renda. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito das doses de esterco bovino e de concentrações de biofertilizante sobre a produtividade da batata-doce, cultivar Rainha Branca. O experimento foi conduzido no período de março a setembro de 2007 na Estação Experimental da EMEPA, em Lagoa Seca-PB, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 6 x 4 x 2 + 1, em quatro repetições. A parcela foi constituída de doses de esterco bovino (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 t ha-1), a subparcela de concentrações de biofertilizante (0, 15, 30 e 45%). A subsubparcela foi representada pelas formas de aplicação do biofertilizante no solo e via foliar, aos 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 100 dias após o plantio. Foi aplicado um tratamento adicional com adubação N, P e K. Foram avaliadas produtividade total e comercial de raízes. As doses de 30,8 e 31,2 t ha-1 de esterco bovino resultaram em máximas produtividades total e comercial de raízes de batata-doce, 17,4 e 13,1 t ha-1, respectivamente. As concentrações de 29 e 28% de biofertilizante, aplicadas no solo e via foliar, respectivamente, proporcionaram as maiores produtividades total de raízes (15,4 e 13,1 t ha-1) e as concentrações de 30 e 27%, também aplicadas no solo e via foliar foram responsáveis, respectivamente, pelas máximas produtividades comerciais de raízes (11 e 9,7 t ha-1).

In Northeastern Brazil, the sweet potato is cultivated in small farms, in a family farming systems, constituting themselves an alternative way for the generation of food, employment and income. This study aimed to assess the effect of cattle manure levels and biofertilizer concentrations on the sweet potato cultivar White Queen productivity. The experiment was carried out from March to September 2007 at the EMEPA Experimental Station in Lagoa Seca, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split split plot 6 x 4 x 2 + 1 scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of cattle manure levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t ha-1), the subplot of biofertilizer concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and the sub subplots consisted of methods of biofertilizer application, to the soil or leaves. Also, there was an additional control treatment using N, P and K mineral fertilizer. Commercial and total root productivity was evaluated. The levels of 30.8 and 31.2 t ha-1 of cattle manure were responsible for the highest commercial and total sweet potato root productivity (17.4 and 13.1 t ha-1, respectively). Biofertilizer concentrations of 29 and 28%, applied to soil and to leaves provided, respectively, the greatest productivities of total roots (15.4 and 13.1 t ha-1), whereas concentrations of 30 and 27%, also applied to soil and leaves were responsible, respectively, for the highest commercial root productivity (11 and 9.7 t ha-1).

Avaliou-se o rendimento do maxixeiro, cultivar Nordestino, em diferentes espaçamentos entre fileira e entre plantas, em experimento na UFPb, em Areia-PB, de agosto/2007 a janeiro/2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados sendo os tratamentos dispostos no esquema fatorial 3 x 4, compreendendo três espaçamentos entre fileiras (1; 2 e 3 m) e quatro espaçamentos entre plantas (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; e 2,0 m), em quatro repetições. A parcela experimental foi composta de quatro fileiras de dez plantas totalizando 40 plantas, com uma planta por cova, sendo as duas fileiras centrais consideradas como área útil. Foram avaliados a massa média de frutos comerciais, o número e a produção de frutos comerciais por planta e a produtividade comercial de frutos. No espaçamento de 0,5 m entre plantas, houve redução em todas as características avaliadas com incremento dos espaçamentos entre fileiras. Os valores mais elevados para a massa média de frutos (38 g), número (78 frutos) e produção de frutos por planta (36 e 34 kg) foram obtidos, respectivamente, nos espaçamentos de 2,0 e 3,0 m entre fileiras e 1,0 m entre plantas. As maiores produtividades comerciais de frutos, 16 e 12,9 t ha-1, ocorreram nos espaçamentos de 1,0 e 1,5 m entre plantas, combinados, respectivamente, com 2,0 e 1,0 m entre fileiras, enquanto que o maior espaçamento entre plantas (2,0 m) promoveu redução na produtividade de frutos.

The yield of the gherkin cv. Nordestino was evaluated with different spacings between rows and plants in a row in an essay which was carried out at the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, from August/2007 to January/2008. The randomized block experimental design was used and the treatments were arranged in the factorial scheme 3 x 4 - three spacings between rows (1.0; 2.0; and 3.0 m) and four spacings between plants (0.5; 1.00; 1.5; and 2.0 m) - with four replicates. The experimental plot comprised four rows with ten plants in each one, totaling 40 plants, with one plant per hole. Two central rows were considered as the useful area. The evaluated variables were the average mass of commercial fruits, the number and production of the commercial fruits plant-1 and the commercial productivity of fruits. Setting 0.5 m between plants, all the characteristics under evaluation decreased as consequence of increasing spacings between rows. The highest values for average fruit mass (38 g), number of fruits (67 and 78) and productivity of fruits plant-1 (36 and 34 kg) were obtained at spacings of 2.0 and 3.0 m between rows and 1.0 m between plants, respectively. The highest productivities of commercial fruits (16 and 12.9 t ha-1) were obtained with 1.0 and 1.5 m between plants and 2.0 and 1.0 m between rows. On the other hand, the highest spacing between plants (2.0 m) reduced fruit productivity.