Abstract The objective of this systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis (MA) was to identify the dietary patterns of the population, regarding ethnicity and gender, and their association with the metabolic syndrome and its risk factors (MetS-RF). The literature search was performed using Medline, Scopus, Ebsco, SciELO, and BVS databases. Studies with adult participants that identified dietary patterns associated with MetS-RF were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. The dietary patterns were classified as healthy or unhealthy. Studies were categorized into three groups: Women (all ethnicities), Afro-descendant (men and women), and General Population (both genders and ethnicity). Among the articles found (n=8,496), 22 integrated the SR and 11 the MA. The adherence to the healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated (protective factor) with MetS-RF only in the General Population (OR=0.77; 95%CI: 0.61-0.98). Nevertheless, the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with the higher prevalence of MetS-RF in all analyzed groups. It was concluded that an unhealthy eating pattern increases the chances of SM-RF in adults, regardless of gender and ethnicity.

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática (RS) com meta-análise (MA) teve por objetivo identificar os padrões alimentares da população, segundo sexo e etnia, e sua associação com a síndrome metabólica e seus fatores de risco (SM-FR). Foram consultadas as seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Scopus, Ebsco, SciELO e BVS. Foram incluídos estudos com participantes adultos e que identificaram padrões alimentares associados à SM-FR. Na MA empregou-se o modelo de efeitos aleatórios para estimativa do odds ratio (OR) combinado. A heterogeneidade estatística e o viés de publicação foram explorados. Os padrões alimentares foram agrupados em saudável ou não saudável. Conforme a composição das amostras, os estudos foram assim categorizados: Mulheres (sem definição de etnia), Afrodescendentes (homens e mulheres), e População Geral (ambos os sexos e etnia). Foram encontrados 8.496 artigos, dos quais 22 compuseram a RS e 11 a MA. A adesão ao padrão alimentar saudável associou-se negativamente com SM-FR (fator de proteção) apenas para População Geral (OR=0,77; IC95%: 0,61-0,98). No entanto, o padrão alimentar não saudável esteve associado a maiores prevalências de SM-FR em todos os grupos analisados. Concluiu-se que um padrão alimentar não saudável aumenta as chances de SM-FR em adultos, independentemente de gênero e etnia.

Resumo Objetivou-se refletir sobre o impacto do racismo estrutural na saúde dos adolescentes afrodescendentes brasileiros, considerando o contexto político e social do período pós-abolição, quando foi iniciada uma nova configuração de exploração e manutenção das desigualdades sociais relacionadas aos escravizados libertos e seus descendentes. É na adolescência, fase da vida ligada ao contexto social e cultural, e não apenas determinada pelo período cronológico da vida, quando geralmente o indivíduo negro começa a vivenciar de modo mais consciente o estigma da raça. Este ensaio, inicialmente, apresenta o percurso histórico da construção social da raça nos padrões de dominação e o racismo. Em seguida, reflete, balizado no racismo estrutural, sobre o papel do capitalismo monopolista no desenvolvimento e crescimento econômico do Brasil pós-abolicionista, como um dos principais mecanismos de recrutamento e manutenção da população negra nas classes sociais inferiores e marginalizadas. Por fim, discute como o racismo impacta a saúde dos adolescentes afrodescendentes brasileiros a partir da teoria ecossocial, proposta por Nancy Krieger, e de bibliografia representativa. O racismo estrutural em nossa sociedade impacta na saúde dos adolescentes negros, com forte determinação no processo de saúde-doença. Por isso, é preciso combater as disparidades históricas, no sentido de se construir uma sociedade mais democrática e igualitária.

Abstract The objective was to reflect on the impact of structural racism on the health of Brazilian Afro-descendant adolescents, considering the political and social context of the post-abolition period, when a new configuration of exploitation and maintenance of social inequalities related to freed slaves and their descendants began. It is during adolescence, a phase of life linked to the social and cultural context, and not just determined by the chronological period of life, when black individuals generally begin to experience the stigma of race more consciously. This essay initially presents the historical path of the social construction of race in patterns of domination and racism. It then reflects, based on structural racism, on the role of monopoly capitalism in the development and economic growth of post-abolitionist Brazil, as one of the main mechanisms for recruiting and maintaining the black population in lower and marginalized social classes. Finally, it discusses how racism impacts the health of Brazilian Afro-descendant adolescents based on the ecosocial theory, proposed by Nancy Krieger, and representative bibliography. Structural racism in our society impacts the health of black adolescents, with a strong determination in the health-disease process; Therefore, it is necessary to combat historical disparities, to build a more democratic and egalitarian society.

Abstract Soil humidity is an important environmental factor that affect composition, diversity and structure of the vegetal communities. The objective of the present study was to determine the diversity changes that occur over an environmental gradient limited by the source of water of the oasis San Ignacio and the adjoining desert of Baja California Sur, Mexico. The study area was divided in nine strips of 100 m width. Over them, there were randomly selected 140 plots of 500, 20 and 1 m2 to register the vegetal species present in the tree, shrub and herbaceous layers, respectively. Species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity, Simpson dominance, Pielou equity and true species value indexes were estimated and compared between established strips. The qualitative index of Sörensen was estimated to evaluate species similitude and similar communities were grouped applying dendrograms. The species richness of the herbaceous and shrub layers falls abruptly at 520 and 720 m far away from the source of water. Species richness and diversity in the tree layer presented an undefined tendency. The similitude index allowed to concentrate the herbaceous, shrub and tree vegetation layers in 4, 5 and 3 clusters. This diversity analysis suggests to determine that herbaceous and shrub species are more sensitive to humidity changes than arboreal species.

Resumen La humedad del suelo es un factor ambiental importante que afecta la composición, diversidad y estructura de las comunidades vegetales. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los cambios de diversidad vegetal que ocurren entre la fuente de humedad del Oasis San Ignacio y el desierto circundante de Baja California Sur. El área de estudio se dividió en nueve franjas de 100 m de ancho, sobre las cuales se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 140 sitios de 500, 20 y 1 m2 para registrar las especies vegetales de los estratos arbóreos, arbustivos y herbáceos, respectivamente. Se estimaron los índices de riqueza, diversidad de Shannon-Weiner, dominancia de Simpson, equidad de Pielou y valor verdadero de especies y se evaluaron los cambios entre las franjas establecidas. A su vez, se estimó el índice cualitativo de similitud de especies de Sörensen, generándose dendrogramas para agrupar comunidades vegetales similares establecidas sobre el gradiente estudiado. La riqueza y diversidad de las especies del estrato herbáceo y arbústivo decrecen abruptamente a los 520 y 720 m del cuerpo de agua, respectivamente. La riqueza y diversidad de la vegetación del estrato arbóreo no presenta una tendencia definida. El índice de similitud permitió concentrar las especies del estrato herbáceo, arbustivo y arbóreo en 4, 5 y 3 grupos, respectivamente. Los análisis de diversidad, sugieren que las especies herbáceas y arbustivas son más sensibles a los cambios de humedad que las arbóreas.

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática (RS) com meta-análise (MA) teve por objetivo identificar os padrões alimentares da população, segundo sexo e etnia, e sua associação com a síndrome metabólica e seus fatores de risco (SM-FR). Foram consultadas as seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Scopus, Ebsco, SciELO e BVS. Foram incluídos estudos com participantes adultos e que identificaram padrões alimentares associados à SM-FR. Na MA empregou-se o modelo de efeitos aleatórios para estimativa do odds ratio (OR) combinado. A heterogeneidade estatística e o viés de publicação foram explorados. Os padrões alimentares foram agrupados em saudável ou não saudável. Conforme a composição das amostras, os estudos foram assim categorizados: Mulheres (sem definição de etnia), Afrodescendentes (homens e mulheres), e População Geral (ambos os sexos e etnia). Foram encontrados 8.496 artigos, dos quais 22 compuseram a RS e 11 a MA. A adesão ao padrão alimentar saudável associou-se negativamente com SM-FR (fator de proteção) apenas para População Geral (OR=0,77; IC95%: 0,61-0,98). No entanto, o padrão alimentar não saudável esteve associado a maiores prevalências de SM-FR em todos os grupos analisados. Concluiu-se que um padrão alimentar não saudável aumenta as chances de SM-FR em adultos, independentemente de gênero e etnia. (RS metaanálise meta análise (MA população etnia SMFR. SMFR SM FR . (SM-FR) dados Medline Scopus Ebsco BVS FR. empregouse empregou se OR (OR combinado explorados amostras categorizados sem , etnia) homens mulheres, mulheres mulheres) ambos 8496 8 496 8.49 artigos 2 1 associouse associou fator proteção OR=0,77 OR077 0 77 (OR=0,77 IC95% IC95 IC 0,610,98. 061098 0,61 0,98 61 98 0,61-0,98) entanto analisados Concluiuse Concluiu (SM-FR 849 49 8.4 OR=0,7 OR07 7 (OR=0,7 IC9 610 0,610,98 06109 061 0,6 098 0,9 6 9 0,61-0,98 84 4 8. OR=0, OR0 (OR=0, 0,610,9 0610 06 0, 09 0,61-0,9 OR=0 (OR=0 0,610, 0,61-0, OR= (OR= 0,610 0,61-0 0,61-

Abstract The objective of this systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis (MA) was to identify the dietary patterns of the population, regarding ethnicity and gender, and their association with the metabolic syndrome and its risk factors (MetS-RF). The literature search was performed using Medline, Scopus, Ebsco, SciELO, and BVS databases. Studies with adult participants that identified dietary patterns associated with MetS-RF were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. The dietary patterns were classified as healthy or unhealthy. Studies were categorized into three groups: Women (all ethnicities), Afro-descendant (men and women), and General Population (both genders and ethnicity). Among the articles found (n=8,496), 22 integrated the SR and 11 the MA. The adherence to the healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated (protective factor) with MetS-RF only in the General Population (OR=0.77; 95%CI: 0.61-0.98). Nevertheless, the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with the higher prevalence of MetS-RF in all analyzed groups. It was concluded that an unhealthy eating pattern increases the chances of SM-RF in adults, regardless of gender and ethnicity. (SR metaanalysis meta analysis MA (MA population MetSRF. MetSRF MetS RF . (MetS-RF) Medline Scopus Ebsco SciELO databases included OR (OR 95CI CI 95 randomeffect, randomeffect random effect, effect random-effect method explored groups ethnicities, ethnicities , ethnicities) Afrodescendant Afro descendant men women, women women) both ethnicity) n=8,496, n8496 n n=8,496 8 496 (n=8,496) 2 1 protective factor OR=0.77 OR077 0 77 (OR=0.77 0.610.98. 061098 0.61 0.98 61 98 0.61-0.98) Nevertheless SMRF SM adults (MetS-RF 9 n849 n=8,49 49 (n=8,496 OR=0.7 OR07 7 (OR=0.7 610 0.610.98 06109 061 0.6 098 0.9 6 0.61-0.98 n84 n=8,4 4 (n=8,49 OR=0. OR0 (OR=0. 0.610.9 0610 06 0. 09 0.61-0.9 n8 n=8, (n=8,4 OR=0 (OR=0 0.610. 0.61-0. n=8 (n=8, OR= (OR= 0.610 0.61-0 n= (n=8 0.61- (n= (n

Resumo Objetivou-se refletir sobre o impacto do racismo estrutural na saúde dos adolescentes afrodescendentes brasileiros, considerando o contexto político e social do período pós-abolição, quando foi iniciada uma nova configuração de exploração e manutenção das desigualdades sociais relacionadas aos escravizados libertos e seus descendentes. É na adolescência, fase da vida ligada ao contexto social e cultural, e não apenas determinada pelo período cronológico da vida, quando geralmente o indivíduo negro começa a vivenciar de modo mais consciente o estigma da raça. Este ensaio, inicialmente, apresenta o percurso histórico da construção social da raça nos padrões de dominação e o racismo. Em seguida, reflete, balizado no racismo estrutural, sobre o papel do capitalismo monopolista no desenvolvimento e crescimento econômico do Brasil pós-abolicionista, como um dos principais mecanismos de recrutamento e manutenção da população negra nas classes sociais inferiores e marginalizadas. Por fim, discute como o racismo impacta a saúde dos adolescentes afrodescendentes brasileiros a partir da teoria ecossocial, proposta por Nancy Krieger, e de bibliografia representativa. O racismo estrutural em nossa sociedade impacta na saúde dos adolescentes negros, com forte determinação no processo de saúde-doença. Por isso, é preciso combater as disparidades históricas, no sentido de se construir uma sociedade mais democrática e igualitária. Objetivouse Objetivou pósabolição, pósabolição pós abolição, abolição pós-abolição descendentes adolescência cultural ensaio inicialmente seguida reflete pósabolicionista, pósabolicionista abolicionista, abolicionista pós-abolicionista marginalizadas fim ecossocial Krieger representativa negros saúdedoença. saúdedoença doença. doença saúde-doença isso históricas igualitária

Abstract The objective was to reflect on the impact of structural racism on the health of Brazilian Afro-descendant adolescents, considering the political and social context of the post-abolition period, when a new configuration of exploitation and maintenance of social inequalities related to freed slaves and their descendants began. It is during adolescence, a phase of life linked to the social and cultural context, and not just determined by the chronological period of life, when black individuals generally begin to experience the stigma of race more consciously. This essay initially presents the historical path of the social construction of race in patterns of domination and racism. It then reflects, based on structural racism, on the role of monopoly capitalism in the development and economic growth of post-abolitionist Brazil, as one of the main mechanisms for recruiting and maintaining the black population in lower and marginalized social classes. Finally, it discusses how racism impacts the health of Brazilian Afro-descendant adolescents based on the ecosocial theory, proposed by Nancy Krieger, and representative bibliography. Structural racism in our society impacts the health of black adolescents, with a strong determination in the health-disease process; Therefore, it is necessary to combat historical disparities, to build a more democratic and egalitarian society. Afrodescendant Afro descendant postabolition post abolition began adolescence consciously reflects postabolitionist abolitionist Brazil classes Finally theory Krieger bibliography healthdisease disease process Therefore disparities

ABSTRACT An immunocompromised patient was infected by the SARS-CoV-2 variant of interest named Zeta (P.2) in February 2021. More than one year later, he suffered from symptomatic COVID-19 and sequencing revealed the same variant, which accumulated 23 substitutions. This case illustrates intra-host evolution of a particular SARS-CoV-2 variant, highlighting the importance of genomic surveillance of immunocompromised patients. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- P.2 P2 P (P.2 2021 later COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 substitutions intrahost intra host patients SARS-CoV P. (P. 202 COVID1 1 COVID- (P 20

Abstract Background: Medications currently used to treat pain are frequently associated with serious adverse effects and rapid development of tolerance. Thus, there is a need to develop more effective, and safer medicines for the population. Blocking NMDA receptors (NMDAR) has shown to be a promising target for the development of new drugs. That statement is due to NMDAR activation and glutamate release in the spinal cord which affects chronic pain modulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible spinal antinociceptive activity of PnTx4(5-5) toxin. The peptide is purified from the venom of the spider P. nigriventer and its affinity for NMDAR and sodium channels Nav1.2-1.6 has already been established. Methods: We compared its effect and safety with MK-801 (NMDAR antagonist) and evaluated its influence on glutamate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in CSF. PnTx4(5-5) was administered intrathecally in the Formalin test and co-administered with NMDA in the Spontaneous pain test. After three minutes of observation, mice cerebrospinal fluid was collected to measure glutamate and ROS levels. Results: The spider peptide inhibited nociception as post-treatment in the inflammatory phase of the Formalin test. Furthermore, it inhibited spontaneous nociception induced by NMDA, being more potent and effective than MK-801 in both models tested. A glutamate rise level in the CSF of mice was significantly reduced by the toxin, but ROS increase was not affected. The animals’ motor skills were not affected by the tested doses of NMDAR inhibitors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results suggest PnTx4(5-5) may mediate its antinociceptive effect in the spinal cord not only by inhibiting postsynaptic receptors but probably also by acting on autoreceptors. This effect does not affect the motricity of mice at the highest dose tested, which suggests that it has therapeutic potential and safety for use as a painkiller. Background tolerance Thus population drugs modulation Therefore PnTx455 PnTx PnTx4 5 PnTx4(5-5 toxin P Nav1.21.6 Nav1216 Nav Nav1.2 1.6 Nav1 2 1 6 Nav1.2-1. established Methods MK801 MK 801 MK-80 antagonist (ROS coadministered co observation Results posttreatment post treatment Furthermore animals inhibitors Conclusion conclusion autoreceptors painkiller PnTx45 PnTx4(5- 21 Nav1.21. Nav121 Nav12 Nav1. 16 1. Nav1.2-1 MK80 80 MK-8 PnTx4(5 Nav1.21 Nav1.2- MK8 8 MK- PnTx4(

Abstract The COvID-19 pandemic led to the adoption of new lifestyles that involve risks for physical and mental health, in addition to altering routines in the family, in society, in the workplace and in the academic context. Those students that entered the university during the pandemic faced a new educational system, and the result is that the behavior of the practice of physical activity during this time is unknown. The objective of the present research was to identify perceived barriers and the level of physical activity in first-semester university students at the university-level entity Escuela Nacional del Deporte, in Colombia. For this purpose, a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 381 students participated—258 in physiotherapy and 123 in professional sports, enrolled in the second term of 2020 and the first term of 2021. The data gathering instruments were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ). The results showed that 55.64% of the participants reported low levels of physical activity, with higher percentages in the physiotherapy group; 85.79% showed at least one barrier to practicing physical activity, with statistically significant differences between the physiotherapy group and professional sports group in terms of the barriers of lack of time, will and social influence. In conclusion, it was possible to observe low levels of physical activity in the physiotherapy group as compared to the sports group, which reported higher levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity. In both groups, lack of time and lack of will were the most relevant perceived barriers, though in different percentages.

Resumo A pandemia da COvID-19 levou à adoção de novos estilos de vida que envolvem riscos à saúde física e mental, além de alterar rotinas familiares, sociais, laborais e acadêmicas. Os alunos que iniciaram os estudos universitários se depararam com um novo sistema de ensino, assim que se desconhece o comportamento da prática de atividade física neste período. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as barreiras percebidas e o nível de atividade física em estudantes universitários do primeiro semestre da Instituição Universitária Escola Nacional de Esportes, Colômbia. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, do qual participaram 381 alunos: 258 de fisioterapia e 123 de esporte, matriculados em 2020-2 e 2021-1. Os instrumentos de coleta de informações foram o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e o Questionário Barries to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ). Os resultados mostraram que 55,64% dos participantes relataram baixo nível de atividade física, com maiores percentuais no grupo de fisioterapia; 85,79% apresentaram pelo menos uma barreira para atividade física, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o grupo de fisioterapia em relação ao grupo de esporte para as barreiras: falta de tempo, vontade e influência social. Em conclusão, foi possível evidenciar baixos níveis de atividade física no grupo de fisioterapia em comparação ao grupo de esporte que relatou maiores níveis de atividade física moderada e vigorosa; em ambos os grupos, a falta de tempo e a falta de vontade foram as barreiras percebidas mais relevantes, mas em porcentagens diferentes.

Resumen La pandemia de COvID-19 condujo a adoptar nuevos estilos de vida que implican riesgos en la salud física y mental, además de alterar la rutina familiar, social, laboral y académica. Los estudiantes que iniciaron estudios universitarios se encontraron ante un nuevo sistema de educación, por lo que se desconoce el comportamiento de la práctica de actividad física durante este periodo. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las barreras percibidas y el nivel de actividad física en universitarios de primer semestre de la Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Colombia. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal en el que participaron 381 estudiantes: 258 de fisioterapia y 123 de profesional en deporte, matriculados en el 2020-2 y 2021-1. Los instrumentos para recoger la información fueron el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) y el Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ). Los resultados mostraron que el 55.64% de los participantes reportó bajos niveles de actividad física, con porcentajes mayores en el grupo de fisioterapia; el 85.79% presentaron, al menos, una barrera para realizar actividad física, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo de fisioterapia comparado con el grupo de deporte para las barreras falta de tiempo, voluntad e influencia social. En conclusión, fue posible evidenciar bajos niveles de actividad física en el grupo de fisioterapia comparado con el grupo de deporte que reportó niveles de actividad física moderada y vigorosa más altos; en ambos grupos, la falta de tiempo y falta de voluntad fueron las barreras percibidas más relevantes, pero en porcentajes diferentes.

Abstract Introduction: Sustainable management of oases needs knowledge of the conditions of composition and diversity of the species living there. Objective: Estimating and comparing the diversity and structure of vegetation in the tree, shrub and herbaceous strata of the San Ignacio oasis, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Materials and methods: A total of 140 circular sites (500 m2) were randomly located, where 20 m2 and 1 m2 sites were nested to record the vegetation in the herbaceous, shrub and tree strata. Species richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Pielou and species importance value indices were used to estimate plant diversity in the strata and to characterize their structure. Results and discussion: A total of 53 taxa were distributed in 17 orders, 25 families and 47 genera. Richness, diversity and homogeneity were higher in the herbaceous stratum (S = 41, H´ = 3.21, J´ = 8.64, respectively) and lower in the arboreal stratum (S = 21, H´ = 2.01, J´= 0.688). Regarding the importance value index, the species with the highest ecological weight was Prosopis articulata S. Watson (33.35 %) for the herbaceous stratum, Cylindropuntia alcahes (F. A. B. Weber) F. M. Kunth (65.60 %) for shrub and Phoenix dactylifera L. (92.94 %) for the arboreal stratum. Conclusions: Vegetation richness and diversity were higher in the herbaceous stratum. This study represents a baseline of indicators useful for the evaluation of changes generated by natural or anthropogenic events in the San Ignacio oasis.

Resumen Introducción: El manejo sustentable de los oasis requiere conocimiento de las condiciones de composición y diversidad de las especies que lo habitan. Objetivo: Estimar y comparar la diversidad y estructura de la vegetación en los estratos arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo del oasis San Ignacio, Baja California Sur, México. Materiales y métodos: Se ubicaron 140 sitios circulares (500 m2) de manera aleatoria, sobre los cuales se anidaron sitios de 20 m2 y 1 m2 para el registro de la vegetación en los estratos herbáceo, arbustivo y arbóreo. Los índices riqueza de especies, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Pielou y valor de importancia de las especies se utilizaron para estimar la diversidad vegetal en los estratos y caracterizar su estructura. Resultados y discusión: Se contabilizaron 53 taxones distribuidos en 17 órdenes, 25 familias y 47 géneros. La riqueza, diversidad y homogeneidad fueron mayores en el estrato herbáceo (S = 41, H´ = 3.21, J´ = 8.64, respectivamente) y menores en el estrato arbóreo (S = 21, H´ = 2.01, J´= 0.688). En lo que respecta al índice del valor de importancia, la especie con mayor peso ecológico en el estrato herbáceo fue Prosopis articulata S. Watson (33.35 %), en el arbustivo Cylindropuntia alcahes (F. A. B. Weber) F. M. Kunth (65.60 %) y en el arbóreo Phoenix dactylifera L. (92.94 %). Conclusiones: La riqueza y diversidad de la vegetación fueron superiores en el estrato herbáceo. Este estudio representa una línea base de indicadores útil para la evaluación de los cambios generados por eventos naturales o antropogénicos en el oasis San Ignacio.

Abstract Introduction: acrylamide is formed by the Maillard reaction and is found in many food products subjected to thermal processes, generating genotoxicity and DNA damage. Studies have reported that lactobacilli have the ability to generate compounds with antioxidant, antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activity, which is why the present work aims to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus strains and their intra and extracellular extracts against genotoxicity and oxidative stress as caused by acrylamide. Methods: a strain of Lactobacillus casei Shirota and a strain of Lactobacillus reuteri NRRL B-14171 were used, both were cultured in MRS broth and subjected to mechanical and enzymatic treatments to obtain extra and intracellular extracts. Lymphocytes were cultured in RPMI medium. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by TBARS and the antioxidant capacity was measured in the extra and intracellular extracts with the ABTS technique, also using a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC 212 as a model. The reduction of lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes was measured by TBARS and the reduction of genotoxicity by reducing the formation of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Results: both strains evaluated, as well as their intra and extracellular extracts, showed the ability to counteract oxidative stress and genotoxicity caused by acrylamide. Conclusion: the results found suggest that the use of intra and extracellular extracts of both strains could be an alternative to reduce the effects of genotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by acrylamide without the need for a viable structure.

Resumen Introducción: la acrilamida se forma mediante la reacción de Maillard, por lo que se encuentra en muchos productos alimenticios sometidos a procesos térmicos, generando genotoxicidad y daños al ADN. Los estudios han reportado que los lactobacilos tienen la capacidad de generar compuestos con actividad antioxidante, antigenotóxica y antimutagénica, y es por esto que el presente trabajo pretende evaluar el efecto de cepas de Lactobacillus y sus extractos intra y extracelulares contra la genotoxicidad y el estrés oxidativo causado por la acrilamida. Métodos: se empleó una cepa de Lactobacillus casei Shirota y una cepa de Lactobacillus reuteri NRRL B-14171. Ambas fueron cultivadas en caldo MRS y sometidas a tratamientos mecánicos y enzimáticos para obtener los extractos extra e intracelulares. Los linfocitos fueron cultivados en medio RPMI, la peroxidación lipídica se evaluó por TBARS y la capacidad antioxidante se midió en los extractos extra e intracelulares con la técnica ABTS, empleando además una cepa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC 212 como modelo. La reducción de la peroxidación lipídica en los linfocitos se midió por TBARS y la reducción de la genotoxicidad mediante la reducción de la formación de micronúcleos en los linfocitos. Resultados: ambas cepas evaluadas, así como sus extractos intra y extracelulares, mostraron capacidad de contrarrestar el estrés oxidativo y la genotoxicidad causada por la acrilamida. Conclusión: los resultados encontrados, sugieren que el empleo de extractos intra y extracelulares de ambas cepas podría ser una alternativa para reducir los efectos de genotoxicidad y estrés oxidativo causados por la acrilamida sin la necesidad de requerir una estructura viable..

Resumen La diarrea epidémica porcina (PED) es una enfermedad entérica altamente contagiosa en los cerdos, que ha provocado grandes pérdidas económicas a la industria porcina a nivel mundial. Las medidas conocidas para el control de la PED, antes del desarrollo y lanzamiento de las vacunas en el 2017 en México, fue el “feedback” o “licuado”. Aunque fue una medida muy utilizada durante el brote de PED en 2013, entre los diversos autores que lo recomiendan no hay una homogeneidad en su uso. Actualmente, diversos estudios han experimentado otro tipo de profilaxis, como la inmunización oral con el virus de la PED obtenido a partir del aislamiento en cultivo celular, lo que permite cuantificar el virus infectivo, así como asegurar que solo se está utilizando como inóculo al virus y no otros agentes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el tiempo de seroconversión, en cerdas inoculadas con virus cuantificado, con cuatro diferentes vehículos (leche, trigo, directo y agua) y diferentes dosis del vehículo (1 ml, 2 ml y 3 ml), en diferentes momentos de gestación y número de partos. El estudio se realizó en el CEIEPP, granja de ciclo completo con 170 hembras. El presente estudio demostró que los vehículos con mejores resultados fueron el inóculo con agua y el inóculo directo combinado con la dosis de 1 ml, ya que la combinación de estos vehículos y dosis del inóculo generó que más del 90 % de las cerdas mostraran seroconversión a partir de la segunda semana post-inoculación.

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric disease of pigs, which has caused great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The known measure for PED control prior to the development and launch of vaccines in 2017 in Mexico, was "feedback" or "liquefaction". It was a widely used measure during the PED outbreak in 2013; however, there is no homogeneity in its use among the various authors who recommend it. Currently, several studies have experimented with other types of prophylaxis, such as oral immunization with PED virus obtained from cell culture isolation, which allows quantification of the infectious virus and ensures that only the virus, and no other agent, is being used as inoculum. The objective of the present study was to compare the time of seroconversion in sows inoculated with the quantified virus with four different vehicles (milk, wheat, direct, and water) and different doses of vehicle (1 ml, 2 ml, and 3 ml) at different pregnancy stages and with a different number of farrowings. The study was conducted at CEIEPP, a full-cycle farm with 170 females. The present study showed that the vehicles with the best results were the inoculum with water and the direct inoculum combined with the 1 ml dose, as the combination of these vehicles and an inoculum dose resulted in seroconversion in more than 90 % of the sows from the second week post inoculation.

Resumo Contexto O uso do endolaser para doença venosa crônica envolve a escolha do comprimento de onda, fibra óptica e energia dispensada. Sua eficácia é avaliada pela taxa de oclusão venosa e, a segurança, pelos efeitos colaterais. Objetivos Demonstrar a incidência de oclusões venosas totais de veias safenas pós-endolaser no seguimento de 1 ano. Descrever a incidência e os efeitos colaterais e a necessidade de reintervenção ou complemento da terapêutica no pós-operatório. Métodos Estudo observacional retrospectivo de uma coorte com abordagem quantitativa de pacientes com insuficiência das veias safenas tratados com laser ablação endovenosa de 1.470 nm. Dados cadastrados em planilha MS Excel 2019, com cálculos de médias e desvios padrão pelo suplemento Power Query do Software. Resultados Foram elegíveis para o estudo 38 pacientes e 104 segmentos venosos, dos quais 100% estavam ocluídos em 30 dias e 99,04% em 1 ano pós-procedimento. O Linear Endovenous Energy Density médio para safena interna foi de 2.040,52 W/cm/s com desvio padrão ± 1.510,06 W/cm/s e 1.168,4 W/cm/s com desvio padrão de ± 665,011 W/cm/s para safena externa. Dor no trajeto da safena foi o principal efeito colateral, com oito casos (21,05%), seguido de parestesia, com um caso (2,63%). Conclusões Taxa de oclusão total no seguimento de 1 ano sugerindo técnica promissora e com atual aplicabilidade na amostra. A incidência da dor e parestesia podem ser justificadas pela alta média de energia utilizada em alguns casos. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos multicêntricos, com amostras maiores e mais homogêneas em relação à classificação Clínica-Etiológica-Anatômica-Patológica. onda dispensada segurança pósendolaser pós pósoperatório. pósoperatório operatório. operatório pós-operatório 1470 470 1.47 nm 2019 Software 3 10 venosos 100 9904 99 04 99,04 pósprocedimento. pósprocedimento procedimento. procedimento pós-procedimento 204052 2 040 52 2.040,5 Wcms W cm s 151006 510 06 1.510,0 11684 168 4 1.168, 665011 665 011 665,01 externa colateral 21,05%, 2105 21,05% , 21 05 (21,05%) 2,63%. 263 2,63% . 63 (2,63%) amostra Recomendase Recomenda se multicêntricos ClínicaEtiológicaAnatômicaPatológica. ClínicaEtiológicaAnatômicaPatológica Clínica Etiológica Anatômica Patológica. Patológica Clínica-Etiológica-Anatômica-Patológica 147 47 1.4 201 990 9 0 99,0 20405 5 2.040, 15100 51 1.510, 1168 16 1.168 66501 66 01 665,0 210 21,05 (21,05% 26 2,63 6 (2,63% 14 1. 20 99, 2040 2.040 1510 1.510 116 1.16 6650 665, 21,0 (21,05 2,6 (2,63 204 2.04 151 1.51 11 1.1 21, (21,0 2, (2,6 2.0 15 1.5 (21, (2, 2. (21 (2 (

Abstract Background Use of endolaser for chronic venous disease involves choosing the laser wavelength and optical fiber to use and the quantity of energy to be administered. Efficacy is assessed by the venous occlusion rate and safety is evaluated in terms of side effects. Objectives To determine the incidence of total post-endolaser saphenous vein occlusion at 1-year follow-up. To describe side effects and their incidence and rates of reintervention or supplementary treatment during the postoperative period. Methods A retrospective, observational cohort study with a quantitative approach, enrolling patients with saphenous vein incompetence treated with intravenous 1,470 nm laser ablation. Data were input to an MS Excel 2019 spreadsheet, calculating means and standard deviations with the software’s Power Query supplement. Results 38 patients and 104 venous segments were eligible for the study. 100% were occluded at 30 days and 99.04% were still occluded at 1 year after the procedure. Mean Linear Endovenous Energy Density administered to the internal saphenous vein was 2,040.52 W/cm/s with standard deviation of ± 1,510.06 W/cm/s and 1,168.4 W/cm/s with standard deviation of ± 665.011 W/cm/s was administered to the external saphenous vein. Pain along the saphenous path was the most common side effect, with eight cases (21.05%), followed by one case of paresthesia (2.63%). Conclusions The total occlusion rate at 1-year follow-up suggests the technique is promising and is currently applicable in this sample. The incidence of pain and paresthesia may be caused by the high mean energy delivered in some cases. It is recommended that multicenter studies be conducted with larger and more uniform samples in terms of their Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathological classifications. postendolaser post 1year followup. followup follow up. up period retrospective approach 1470 470 1,47 ablation 201 spreadsheet softwares software s supplement 3 10 100 9904 99 04 99.04 procedure 204052 2 040 52 2,040.5 Wcms W cm 151006 510 06 1,510.0 11684 168 4 1,168. 665011 665 011 665.01 effect 21.05%, 2105 21.05% , 21 05 (21.05%) 2.63%. 263 2.63% . 63 (2.63%) sample ClinicalEtiologicalAnatomicalPathological Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathological classifications 147 47 1,4 20 990 9 0 99.0 20405 5 2,040. 15100 51 1,510. 1168 16 1,168 66501 66 01 665.0 210 21.05 (21.05% 26 2.63 6 (2.63% 14 1, 99. 2040 2,040 1510 1,510 116 1,16 6650 665. 21.0 (21.05 2.6 (2.63 204 2,04 151 1,51 11 1,1 21. (21.0 2. (2.6 2,0 15 1,5 (21. (2. 2, (21 (2 (

Resumen La enfermedad de Newcastle es una de las afecciones víricas con un elevado grado de patogenia. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Newcastle en aves de traspatio de los cantones Latacunga y Salcedo, en Cotopaxi - Ecuador. Fueron muestreadas 180 aves de traspatio de diferente sexo y edades. Se efectuó una encuesta epidemiológica mediante un muestreo probabilístico, sobre categoría de las aves; rango de edad; finalidad de la crianza y enfermedades previas. Se empleó la prueba de ELISA-i para detectar casos positivos a la enfermedad. La prevalencia de la enfermedad de Newcastle fue del 13.89 % asociada a la no vacunación contra la enfermedad, siendo más afectadas las aves hembras y los animales adultos entre las semanas 12 - 24 o superior. Con casos donde las aves cursaban el pico de la enfermedad vírica o el virus en su parte de replicación y transmisión.

Abstract Newcastle disease is one of the viral conditions with a high degree of pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease in backyard poultry of the cantons of Latacunga and Salcedo, in Cotopaxi - Ecuador. 180 backyard poultry of different sex and ages were sampled. An epidemiological survey was carried out through a probabilistic sampling, on the category of birds; age range; purpose of rearing and previous illnesses. The ELISA-i test was used to detect cases positive for the disease. The prevalence of Newcastle disease was 13.89% associated with non-vaccination against the disease, with female birds and adult animals between 12-24 weeks or higher being more affected. With cases where the birds were at the peak of the viral disease or the virus in its part of replication and transmission.

ABSTRACT Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint involvement and the presence of extra-articular manifestations that occur in different organs and organ systems of the human body. As a disease, it includes a series of clinical forms of presentation that correspond to possible diseases in adulthood. The objective of this research is to present the case of a 14-year-old adolescent with a history of polyarticular inflammatory symptoms lasting more than three years with the presence of rare joint deformity in both knees, which is an expression of the sustained inflammatory process. The case report is considered important to raise awareness in the medical community regarding the early diagnosis of this disease to minimize the risk of the appearance of joint and systemic complications.

RESUMEN La artritis idiopática juvenil es una enfermedad inflamatoria sistémica y crónica que se caracteriza por el daño articular y la presencia de manifestaciones extraarticulares que afectan distintos órganos y sistemas de órganos del cuerpo humano. Como enfermedad tiene varias formas clínicas de presentación que se corresponden con posibles enfermedades en la edad adulta. El objetivo de la presente investigación es presentar el caso de un adolescente de 14 años de edad con historia de cuadro inflamatorio poliarticular de más de 3 años de duración con deformidad articular en ambas rodillas, lo cual es poco frecuente y que es expresión del proceso inflamatorio mantenido. Después del tratamiento fue dado de alta con una mejoría notable de los rangos de movimiento articular. En la actualidad evoluciona satisfactoriamente y lleva alrededor de un año en seguimiento en consulta externa sin exacerbaciones de la actividad clínica de la enfermedad. Se considera importante el reporte del caso para concientizar a la comunidad médica en relación con el diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad para minimizar el riesgo de aparición de complicaciones articulares y sistémicas.