Resumen El propósito de este artículo fue estudiar la asociación entre migración y decisiones reproductivas en México, Costa Rica, República Dominicana, Ecuador, Guatemala y Colombia. Utilizamos el análisis de historia de eventos para estudiar las decisiones de fecundidad y migración de una muestra de parejas de los anteriores países. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que existió una interrupción en la fecundidad antes de migrar. Posterior al evento migratorio y al asentamiento, la fecundidad aumentó hasta los niveles del lugar de origen para los migrantes que se quedaron más tiempo en el lugar de destino, especialmente cuando emigraron a Estados Unidos. Las parejas en las que emigraron solo los hombres presentaron una mayor prevalencia migratoria. Estos hombres eran jóvenes y tenían bajo capital humano. Aunque la proporción de parejas en las que ambos emigraron fue baja, el tiempo en el lugar de destino aumentó y la disrupción en la fecundidad antes de migrar fue la más alta.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to study the association between migration and reproductive decisions in Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Colombia. An event history analysis was used to study the fertility and migration decisions made by a sample of couples from those countries. This study found a disruption in fertility before migrating. After the migration event and settlement, fertility increased to the same levels as the place of origin for migrants who stayed longer at their destination, particularly for those who migrated to the United States. Couples in which only the man migrated had a higher migratory prevalence. These men were young and had low human capital. Although the proportion of couples in which both members migrated was low, those couples stayed longer at their destination and their fertility disruption before migrating was highest.

Abstract Among the different methods used for semen collection from domestic cats, the pharmacological collection by urethral catheterization becomes disruptive. Medetomidine is the elected α2-adrenoceptor agonist for that, but in several countries, it is not commercially available. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of detomidine compared to medetomidine in collecting semen by urethral catheterization in domestic cats. Urethral catheterization was performed on 13 mongrel cats using a disposable semi-rigid tomcat urinary catheter. Of the 19 semen collections performed with medetomidine induction, 94.7% were successful, while with detomidine induction, only 56.3% of 16 were successful. The values semen samples variables were as follows for volume - 10.56 ± 0.4 vs 8.88 ± 0.5 mL, motility - 171.67 ± 0.79 vs 49.77 ± 3.45%, vigor – 4.1 ± 0.03 vs 3.10 ± 0.1 and concentration - 3.24 ± 0.19 vs 2.15 ± 0.13 ×109 sperm/mL respectively for medetomidine and detomidine group. The failure in semen collections with detomidine was mainly due to azoospermic samples, poor urethral relaxation, insufficient volume, or contamination of urine. The sperm concentration was also lower in the detomidine group (P <0.05) when compared to medetomidine. However, when the volume of semen collected was compared, we found no statistical differences. Despite its low performance in collecting semen from cats, detomidine may be an alternative when medetomidine is not accessible.

O artigo tem por objetivo determinar a prevalência de anemia em crianças matriculadas em creches da regional Centro-Sul de Belo Horizonte (MG), identificando fatores biológicos e socioeconômicos associados. Estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 18 creches. Foram avaliadas 373 crianças com base em amostragem estratificada por instituição participante. A hemoglobina (Hb) sérica foi determinada por punção capilar e leitura em β-hemoglobinômetro, adotando-se pontos de corte para anemia de Hb < 11,0g/dL para crianças de seis a 60 meses e Hb < 11,5g/dL para aquelas com idade superior, preconizados pela OMS. O estado nutricional foi definido por aferição do peso e altura e confecção dos índices Peso/Idade (P/I), Estatura/Idade (E/I) e IMC/Idade (IMC/I). Entre os participantes 54% eram meninas. A média de idade foi de 38,1 ± 6,2 meses. A prevalência global de anemia foi de 38,3%, sendo superior nas crianças com idade inferior ou igual a 24 meses (56,1%). Encontrou-se associação significativa entre anemia e os fatores menor idade da criança, menor idade materna e baixa renda familiar. O estudo mostrou que anemia em crianças de creches de Belo Horizonte constitui relevante problema de saúde pública, sinalizando a necessidade de se implantar ações específicas para mitigação dos riscos por ele apontados.

This article seeks to establish the prevalence of anemia in children attending in day care centers in the South Central region of Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, identifying associated biological, social and economic factors. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 18 nurseries and 373 children were evaluated based on stratified sampling by the participating institutions. Hemoglobin serum (Hb) levels were determined by lancing and reading on a ß-hemoglobinometer, adopting cut-offs for anemia Hb < 11.0g/dL for children aged between 6 and 60 months and Hb < 11.5 g/dL for those aged above, as recommended by the WHO. The nutritional status was defined by measurement of weight and height for making indexes: Weight/Age (W/A), Height/Age (H/A) and BMI/Age (BMI/A). Among the participants, 54% were girls. The mean age was 38.1 (± 6.2) months. The prevalence of global anemia was 38.3%. In the group of the anemics, children = 24 months had a higher prevalence (56.1%). A significant association was found between anemia and the following factors: young age, low maternal age and low income. The study shows that anemia in children enrolled in day care centers is a relevant public health problem, signaling the need to implement specific actions to mitigate the risks highlighted by the research.

O artigo tem por objetivo determinar a prevalência de anemia em crianças matriculadas em creches da regional Centro-Sul de Belo Horizonte (MG), identificando fatores biológicos e socioeconômicos associados. Estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 18 creches. Foram avaliadas 373 crianças com base em amostragem estratificada por instituição participante. A hemoglobina (Hb) sérica foi determinada por punção capilar e leitura em β-hemoglobinômetro, adotando-se pontos de corte para anemia de Hb < 11,0g/dL para crianças de seis a 60 meses e Hb < 11,5g/dL para aquelas com idade superior, preconizados pela OMS. O estado nutricional foi definido por aferição do peso e altura e confecção dos índices Peso/Idade (P/I), Estatura/Idade (E/I) e IMC/Idade (IMC/I). Entre os participantes 54% eram meninas. A média de idade foi de 38,1 ± 6,2 meses. A prevalência global de anemia foi de 38,3%, sendo superior nas crianças com idade inferior ou igual a 24 meses (56,1%). Encontrou-se associação significativa entre anemia e os fatores menor idade da criança, menor idade materna e baixa renda familiar. O estudo mostrou que anemia em crianças de creches de Belo Horizonte constitui relevante problema de saúde pública, sinalizando a necessidade de se implantar ações específicas para mitigação dos riscos por ele apontados.

This article seeks to establish the prevalence of anemia in children attending in day care centers in the South Central region of Belo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, identifying associated biological, social and economic factors. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 18 nurseries and 373 children were evaluated based on stratified sampling by the participating institutions. Hemoglobin serum (Hb) levels were determined by lancing and reading on a ß-hemoglobinometer, adopting cut-offs for anemia Hb < 11.0g/dL for children aged between 6 and 60 months and Hb < 11.5 g/dL for those aged above, as recommended by the WHO. The nutritional status was defined by measurement of weight and height for making indexes: Weight/Age (W/A), Height/Age (H/A) and BMI/Age (BMI/A). Among the participants, 54% were girls. The mean age was 38.1 (± 6.2) months. The prevalence of global anemia was 38.3%. In the group of the anemics, children = 24 months had a higher prevalence (56.1%). A significant association was found between anemia and the following factors: young age, low maternal age and low income. The study shows that anemia in children enrolled in day care centers is a relevant public health problem, signaling the need to implement specific actions to mitigate the risks highlighted by the research.

Objetivou-se avaliar, através da biometria, os cascos dos membros anteriores de equinos participantes de provas de Hipismo Clássico, Tambor, Laço Comprido e Pólo. Em cada modalidade foram avaliados 30 indivíduos totalizando 120 animais. As mensurações lineares (cm) incluíram o comprimento dorsal da pinça, comprimentos lateral e medial dos quartos, altura medial e lateral dos quartos, comprimento lateral e medial dos talões, alturas lateral e medial dos talões, comprimento do casco, largura do casco, comprimento da ranilha, largura da ranilha, e as angulares (graus) foram relativas ao ângulo do casco medido pela pinça (podogoniometria), ângulo da quartela, ângulo dos talões, ângulo das paletas. O comprimento da ferradura, circunferência da coroa do casco e peso corporal também foram avaliados. Através da biometria do casco foi possível avaliar os desequilíbrios do membro anterior de animais atletas e os mais comuns foram: quebra do eixo podal, com 96,7% dos animais apresentando essa alteração no membro torácico direito (MTD) e 95,8% no membro torácico esquerdo (MTE); talões contraídos com 95,0% no MTD e 87,6% no MTE. A modalidade com os maiores desequilíbrios foi a de Laço Comprido, seguida pelos animais de Tambor. Foi encontrada uma alta frequência de desequilíbrio médio lateral em todas as modalidades desportivas. Conclui-se que animais utilizados em provas funcionais apresentam uma alta incidência de desequilíbrios podal nos membros torácicos.

This study aimed to evaluate, through biometry, the forelimb hoof of horses participating in show jumping, barrel, long rope and polo competitions. Thirty subjects were assessed in relation to each competition (total of 120 animals). The linear measurements (cm) included the dorsal length of the toe; medial and lateral lengths of the quarter; medial and lateral heights of the quarter; lateral and medial lengths of the heel; medial and lateral heights of the heel; hoof length; hoof width; frog length; and frog width. The following angles (°) were measured: toe angle, pastern angle, heel angle and shoulder palette. The length of the horseshoe, coronet circumference and body weight were also assessed. With the use of hoof biometric evaluation was possible to identify the imbalances of forelimb in athletic horses and the most common were broken-backward hoof angle, with 96.7% of the animals showing this in the right forelimb (RFL) and 95.8% in the left forelimb (LFL); and contracted heels, with 95.0% in the RFL and 87.6% in the LFL. The competition type in which greatest numbers of hoof balance abnormalities were shown was the long rope, followed by the barrel. There were high frequencies of medial/lateral imbalance in all the sports. We conclude that animals used in functional tests have a high incidence of hoof balance abnormalities in the forelimbs.

Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, a caracterização química e sensorial dos cafés da Chapada de Minas, diante da necessidade de se criar parâmetros precisos e científicos para a determinação da qualidade desses cafés. Foram coletados cerca de 3 kg de café provenientes de alguns municípios da Chapada de Minas, sendo realizadas as seguintes análises químicas dos grãos de café: atividade da polifenoxidase, acidez titulável total e índice de coloração. A "prova de xícara" convencional foi realizada por provadores profissionais da COPACAFÉ. Em relação à análise química percebe-se que os cafés do Norte de Minas apresentaram uma maior atividade da polifenoloxidase e índice de coloração e menor acidez do que as demais regiões estudadas, o que lhe atribuiu melhor qualidade em relação a esses parâmetros. Através da "prova de xícara" os cafés classificaram-se como de bebida dura não diferindo significativamente entre as regiões estudadas. A análise química permitiu classificar os cafés quanto à qualidade de forma mais precisa e objetiva em relação à "prova de xícara".

The objective of the present work was to determine the chemical and sensorial characteristics of coffee from Chapada de Minas, due to the need of creating precise scientific parameters which could be used to determine its quality. Three Kg of coffee samples were collected from some counties of Chapada de Minas on which the following coffee grain chemical analysis were performed: polyphenoloxidase activity, total titratable acidity and color index. The customary "cup test" was conducted by professional tasters from COPACAFÉ. According to the chemical analysis, coffee samples from the north of Minas Gerais presented higher polyphenoloxidase activity and color index as well as lower acidity when compared to the other studied regions, thus indicating a higher quality. In the "cup test", coffee samples were classified as a hard beverage, with no significant differences among the studied regions. The chemical analysis provided a more precise and objective classification than the "cup test" regarding the quality.