Anabolic steroids are often consumed by both amateur and professional sports practitioners with the aim of improving their performance and for the rapid gain of muscle mass. Nandrolone is one of the main steroids consumed and is, frequently, acquired illegally or from dubious sources, and this raises serious concerns regarding the quality of the products. This work sought to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluates oily, nandrolone-based anabolic steroids confiscated by the Federal Police Department, in the triple border (Paraguay-Brazil-Argentina, PY-BR-AR). For the quantitative study, we conducted a methodological validation analysis based on the application of solvent extraction and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). A total of 40 samples of nandrolone steroids (as described on the label) were thoroughly investigated. The results obtained showed that 90% of the samples analyzed contained the active ingredient but 67.5% of these samples exhibited concentrations below the values indicated on the label; these products are thus considered to be of low quality and their consumption may pose serious risks to the consumers. The findings of this study point to the importance of enforcing regulatory controls on the sale of anabolic steroids with a view to inhibiting the consumption of counterfeit drugs that can pose serious risks to the health of consumers. mass frequently sources oily nandrolonebased Department ParaguayBrazilArgentina, ParaguayBrazilArgentina Paraguay Brazil Argentina, Argentina (Paraguay-Brazil-Argentina PYBRAR. PYBRAR PY BR AR . PY-BR-AR) GCMS GC MS gas chromatographymass chromatography spectrometry. spectrometry spectrometry) 4 as label investigated 90 675 67 5 67.5 consumers PY-BR-AR 9 6 67.

Fruits of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi were investigated. A fast and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of 11 polyphenolic substances by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was applied. Limits of quantification ranged between 0.78 and 3.14 mg L-1. High concentrations of kaempferol were found. An exploratory evaluation was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) for fruit origin differentiation. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 274 to 517 mg GAE 100 g-1; total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 101 to 283 mg QE 100 g-1. In vitro analyses showed that antioxidant capacity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranged from 1.7 to 7 µM DPPH 100 g-1. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect were also evaluated against: Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Candida albicans and C. glabrata, using broth microdilution assay. It can be inferred that S. terebinthifolia Raddi fruit has the potential to act as an ally in the search for new alternatives in the action against pathogens, and it can be used as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Metals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn) were also determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), with emphasis on high concentrations of Mg, Zn and Fe. investigated 1 chromatographydiode chromatography diode HPLCDAD HPLC DAD (HPLC-DAD applied 078 0 78 0.7 314 3 14 3.1 L1. L1 L 1. L-1 found PCA (PCA differentiation TPC (TPC 27 51 10 g1 g g-1 TFC (TFC 28 g1. 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl picrylhydrazyl 2 (DPPH 17 subtilis B cereus aureus coli aeruginosa choleraesuis C glabrata assay S pathogens agent Cu, Cu (Cu Fe Mg FAAS, FAAS , (FAAS) 07 0. 31 3. L- 5 g- 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, (FAAS

Abstract Objective Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) exhibit a higher susceptibility to infections, suggesting potential immunological alterations within this population. Consequently, this study aims to assess the immune response profile in children with DS to identify potential immune dysfunctions associated with recurrent infections. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective analysis involving 49 DS patients, examining various epidemiological, clinical, cytogenetic, and laboratory variables. The studyʼs sample comprised patients aged 2-20 years, with a predominance of males. These patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of recurrent infections, as indicated by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation alert signs. Results Immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M levels were deemed normal, although individuals with DS experiencing recurrent infections exhibited significantly lower IgA levels. Additionally, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocyte counts were found to be within normal ranges, with no significant differences between the two groups. While overall data indicated normal seroconversion levels of pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies, a notable impairment in seroconversion was observed among DS patients with recurrent infections compared to those without such infections. Conclusion The deficiency of anti-polysaccharide antibodies in individuals with DS may constitute an important immunological comorbidity. Therefore, it warrants further investigation, particularly among individuals with recurrent infections. (DS population Consequently 4 epidemiological clinical cytogenetic variables 220 2 20 2-2 years males signs Ig (Ig A G Additionally CD3 CD CD4 CD8 CD1 ranges antipolysaccharide anti comorbidity Therefore investigation 22 2-

Resumo Introdução: É importante identificar fatores de risco para progressão da doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD). Entretanto, são escassos os estudos que avaliam esse assunto utilizando amostra brasileira. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores de risco para desfechos renais e óbito em coorte brasileira de pacientes com DRPAD. Métodos: Os pacientes tiveram o primeiro atendimento médico entre janeiro/2002 e dezembro/2014, sendo acompanhados até dezembro/2019. Associações entre variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais com desfecho primário (redução sustentada de pelo menos 57% na TFGe em relação ao valor basal, necessidade de diálise ou transplante renal) e desfecho secundário (óbito por qualquer causa) foram analisadas pelo modelo de regressão múltipla de Cox. Entre 80 pacientes com DRPAD, foram excluídos aqueles menores de 18 anos, com TFG <30 mL/min/1,73 m2 e/ou aqueles com dados ausentes. Foram acompanhados 70 pacientes. Resultados: Fatores independentemente associados aos desfechos renais foram: comprimento renal total – Razão de Risco (HR) ajustada com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%): 1,137 (1,057–1,224), taxa de filtração glomerular – HR (IC 95%): 0,970 (0,949–0,992) e nível sérico de ácido úrico - HR (IC 95%): 1,643 (1,118–2,415). Diabetes mellitus – HR (IC 95%): 8,115 (1,985–33,180) e TFG – HR (IC 95%): 0,957 (0,919–0,997) foram associados ao desfecho secundário. Conclusões: Esses achados corroboram a hipótese de que comprimento renal total, TFG e nível sérico de ácido úrico podem ser importantes preditores prognósticos de DRPAD em uma coorte brasileira, o que pode ajudar a selecionar pacientes que necessitam de acompanhamento mais próximo. Introdução . (DRPAD) Entretanto Portanto Métodos janeiro2002 janeiro 2002 janeiro/200 dezembro2014 dezembro 2014 dezembro/2014 dezembro2019 2019 dezembro/2019 redução 57 basal causa Cox 8 1 anos 30 <3 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 73 mL/min/1,7 m eou ausentes 7 Resultados (HR 95 IC 95%) 1137 137 1,13 1,057–1,224, 10571224 1,057–1,224 , 057 224 (1,057–1,224) 0970 0 970 0,97 0,949–0,992 09490992 949 992 (0,949–0,992 1643 643 1,64 1,118–2,415. 11182415 1,118–2,415 118 2 415 (1,118–2,415) 8115 115 8,11 1,985–33,180 198533180 985 33 180 (1,985–33,180 0957 957 0,95 0,919–0,997 09190997 919 997 (0,919–0,997 Conclusões próximo (DRPAD janeiro200 200 janeiro/20 dezembro201 201 dezembro/201 5 3 < mLmin17 mL/min/1, 9 113 13 1,1 1057122 1,057–1,22 05 22 (1,057–1,224 097 97 0,9 0,949–0,99 0949099 94 99 (0,949–0,99 164 64 1,6 1118241 1,118–2,41 11 41 (1,118–2,415 811 8,1 1,985–33,18 19853318 98 (1,985–33,18 095 0,919–0,99 0919099 91 (0,919–0,99 janeiro20 20 janeiro/2 dezembro20 dezembro/20 mLmin1 mL/min/1 1, 105712 1,057–1,2 (1,057–1,22 09 0, 0,949–0,9 094909 (0,949–0,9 16 6 111824 1,118–2,4 4 (1,118–2,41 81 8, 1,985–33,1 1985331 (1,985–33,1 0,919–0,9 091909 (0,919–0,9 janeiro2 janeiro/ dezembro2 dezembro/2 mL/min/ 10571 1,057–1, (1,057–1,2 0,949–0, 09490 (0,949–0, 11182 1,118–2, (1,118–2,4 1,985–33, 198533 (1,985–33, 0,919–0, 09190 (0,919–0, dezembro/ mL/min 1057 1,057–1 (1,057–1, 0,949–0 0949 (0,949–0 1118 1,118–2 (1,118–2, 1,985–33 19853 (1,985–33 0,919–0 0919 (0,919–0 105 1,057– (1,057–1 0,949– 094 (0,949– 111 1,118– (1,118–2 1,985–3 1985 (1,985–3 0,919– 091 (0,919– 10 1,057 (1,057– 0,949 (0,949 1,118 (1,118– 1,985– 198 (1,985– 0,919 (0,919 1,05 (1,057 0,94 (0,94 1,11 (1,118 1,985 19 (1,985 0,91 (0,91 1,0 (1,05 (0,9 (1,11 1,98 (1,98 (1,0 (0, (1,1 1,9 (1,9 (1, (0 (1 (

Abstract Introduction: Identifying risk factors for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) progression is important. However, studies that have evaluated this subject using a Brazilian sample is sparce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify risk factors for renal outcomes and death in a Brazilian cohort of ADPKD patients. Methods: Patients had the first medical appointment between January 2002 and December 2014, and were followed up until December 2019. Associations between clinical and laboratory variables with the primary outcome (sustained decrease of at least 57% in the eGFR from baseline, need for dialysis or renal transplantation) and the secondary outcome (death from any cause) were analyzed using a multiple Cox regression model. Among 80 ADPKD patients, those under 18 years, with glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and/or those with missing data were excluded. There were 70 patients followed. Results: The factors independently associated with the renal outcomes were total kidney length – adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.137 (1.057–1.224), glomerular filtration rate – HR (95% CI): 0.970 (0.949–0.992), and serum uric acid level – HR (95% CI): 1.643 (1.118–2.415). Diabetes mellitus - HR (95% CI): 8.115 (1.985–33.180) and glomerular filtration rate - HR (95% CI): 0.957 (0.919–0.997) were associated with the secondary outcome. Conclusions: These findings corroborate the hypothesis that total kidney length, glomerular filtration rate and serum uric acid level may be important prognostic predictors of ADPKD in a Brazilian cohort, which could help to select patients who require closer follow up. Introduction (ADPKD However sparce Therefore Methods 200 2014 2019 sustained 57 baseline transplantation cause model 8 1 years 30 <3 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 73 mL/min/1.7 m2 m andor excluded 7 Results (HR 95 (95 CI CI) 1137 137 1.13 1.057–1.224, 10571224 1.057–1.224 , 057 224 (1.057–1.224) 0970 0 970 0.97 0.949–0.992, 09490992 0.949–0.992 949 992 (0.949–0.992) 1643 643 1.64 1.118–2.415. 11182415 1.118–2.415 . 118 2 415 (1.118–2.415) 8115 115 8.11 1.985–33.180 198533180 985 33 180 (1.985–33.180 0957 957 0.95 0.919–0.997 09190997 919 997 (0.919–0.997 Conclusions 20 201 5 3 < mLmin17 mL/min/1. 9 (9 113 13 1.1 1057122 1.057–1.22 05 22 (1.057–1.224 097 97 0.9 0949099 0.949–0.99 94 99 (0.949–0.992 164 64 1.6 1118241 1.118–2.41 11 41 (1.118–2.415 811 8.1 1.985–33.18 19853318 98 (1.985–33.18 095 0.919–0.99 0919099 91 (0.919–0.99 mLmin1 mL/min/1 ( 1. 105712 1.057–1.2 (1.057–1.22 09 0. 094909 0.949–0.9 (0.949–0.99 16 6 111824 1.118–2.4 4 (1.118–2.41 81 8. 1.985–33.1 1985331 (1.985–33.1 0.919–0.9 091909 (0.919–0.9 mL/min/ 10571 1.057–1. (1.057–1.2 09490 0.949–0. (0.949–0.9 11182 1.118–2. (1.118–2.4 1.985–33. 198533 (1.985–33. 0.919–0. 09190 (0.919–0. mL/min 1057 1.057–1 (1.057–1. 0949 0.949–0 (0.949–0. 1118 1.118–2 (1.118–2. 1.985–33 19853 (1.985–33 0.919–0 0919 (0.919–0 105 1.057– (1.057–1 094 0.949– (0.949–0 111 1.118– (1.118–2 1.985–3 1985 (1.985–3 0.919– 091 (0.919– 10 1.057 (1.057– 0.949 (0.949– 1.118 (1.118– 1.985– 198 (1.985– 0.919 (0.919 1.05 (1.057 0.94 (0.949 1.11 (1.118 1.985 19 (1.985 0.91 (0.91 1.0 (1.05 (0.94 (1.11 1.98 (1.98 (0.9 (1.0 (1.1 1.9 (1.9 (0. (1. (0 (1

RESUMO A doença renal crônica (DRC) representa um dos principais problemas de saúde pública da atualidade. A dosagem da creatinina sérica e a estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) são as principais ferramentas para avaliação da função renal. Para a estimativa da TFG, existem diversas equações, sendo a mais recomendada a CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease – Epidemiology). Existem ainda algumas controvérsias com relação à dosagem da creatinina sérica e da estimativa da TFG, uma vez que vários fatores podem interferir nesse processo. Uma importante mudança recente foi a retirada da correção por raça das equações para estimativa da TFG, que superestimavam a função renal, e consequentemente retardavam a implementação de tratamentos como diálise e transplante renal. Neste documento de consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia e Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica e Medicina Laboratorial são revisados os principais conceitos relacionados à avaliação da função renal, possíveis controvérsias existentes e recomendações para a estimativa da TFG na prática clínica. DRC (DRC atualidade (TFG CKDEPI CKD EPI Chronic Epidemiology. Epidemiology . Epidemiology) processo clínica

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of today’s main public health problems. Serum creatinine measurement and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the main tools for evaluating renal function. There are several equations to estimate GFR, and CKD-EPI equation (Chronic Kidney Disease – Epidemiology) is the most recommended one. There are still some controversies regarding serum creatinine measurement and GFR estimation, since several factors can interfere in this process. An important recent change was the removal of the correction for race from the equations for estimating GFR, which overestimated kidney function, and consequently delayed the implementation of treatments such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. In this consensus document from the Brazilian Societies of Nephrology and Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the main concepts related to the assessment of renal function are reviewed, as well as possible existing controversies and recommendations for estimating GFR in clinical practice. CKD (CKD todays today s problems (GFR CKDEPI EPI Epidemiology process transplantation Medicine reviewed practice

Abstract Objective To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents. Data source Narrative review of articles published in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms: overweight, obesity, pre-conception, prenatal, infants, schoolchildren, children, and adolescents. The search was conducted in studies written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including narrative, integrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, published between 2003 and 2023. Data synthesis A total of 598 studies were initially screened and 60 of them, which showed the main biopsychosocial aspects related to greater risks of excessive adiposity in the pediatric age, were included in the review. The data were presented taking into account the incidence of risk factors and their consequences in six periods: pre-conception, pre-natal, infant, preschool, school age, and adolescence. Conclusions The causal factors described in the scientific literature that have been shown to be related to obesity in childhood and adolescence are presented. adolescents PubMed Scielo Lilacs databases terms overweight preconception, preconception pre conception, conception pre-conception prenatal infants schoolchildren Portuguese Spanish narrative reviews metaanalyses, metaanalyses meta analyses, analyses meta-analyses crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional casecontrol case control 200 2023 59 6 them age periods natal, natal pre-natal infant preschool 20 202 5 2

RESUMO Introdução: Problemas renais podem ser devido apenas ao baixo peso ao nascer ou podem ocorrer em associação com outras condições. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre características maternas e de nascimento, medidas antropométricas e déficit da função renal em bebês de baixo peso ao nascer. Métodos: Estudo transversal com crianças que nasceram com peso < 2500 gramas e estavam sob acompanhamento ambulatorial. Os fatores maternos investigados foram cuidados pré-natal e presença de hipertensão, diabetes e infecção durante a gravidez. As variáveis das crianças foram sexo, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, índice Apgar, uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos, idade, peso corporal no momento da avaliação, altura e dosagens séricas de creatinina e cistatina C. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi estimada com a equação combinada de Zapittelli. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística multivariada para identificação de fatores associados, com déficit da função renal (TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) como variável dependente. Resultados: Das 154 crianças avaliadas, 34,42% apresentaram déficit da função renal. A maioria tinha idade gestacional > 32 semanas (56,6%), peso médio ao nascer de 1439,7 gramas, e TFG média estimada de 46,9 ± 9,3 mL/min/1,73 m2. Houve uma associação significativa da TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 com o peso atual das crianças e o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Discussão: Crianças nascidas com baixo peso apresentaram alta prevalência de déficit da função renal e o peso atual normal foi um fator de proteção, enquanto o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos durante o período perinatal aumentou a chance de déficit renal. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de avaliar a função renal destas crianças, especialmente aquelas que usam medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Introdução condições nascimento Métodos 250 ambulatorial prénatal pré natal hipertensão gravidez sexo Apgar avaliação C Zapittelli Utilizouse Utilizou se associados 6 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 1 73 mL/min/1,7 m dependente Resultados 15 avaliadas 3442 34 42 34,42 3 56,6%, 566 56,6% , 56 (56,6%) 14397 1439 7 1439, 469 46 9 46, 93 9, Discussão proteção 25 mLmin17 mL/min/1, 344 4 34,4 56,6 5 (56,6% 143 2 mLmin1 mL/min/1 34, 56, (56,6 14 mL/min/ (56, mL/min (56 (5 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidney problems may be due to low birth weight alone or may occur in association with other conditions. The objective this study was to evaluate the association between maternal and birth characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and kidney function deficit in low birth weight infants. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children who were born weighing < 2500 grams and were under outpatient follow-up. Maternal factors investigated were prenatal care and presence of hypertension, diabetes, and infection during pregnancy. The children’s variables were sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, use of nephrotoxic medications, age, body weight at the time of evaluation, height, and serum creatinine and cystatin C dosages. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with the combined Zapittelli equation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for identification of associated factors, with renal function deficit (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) as the dependent variable. Results: Of the 154 children evaluated, 34.42% had kidney function deficit. Most of them had a gestational age > 32 weeks (56.6%), a mean birth weight of 1439.7 grams, and mean estimated GFR of 46.9 ± 9.3 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was a significant association of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with children’s current weight and use of nephrotoxic drugs. Discussion: Children born with low birth weight had a high prevalence of kidney function deficit and current normal weight was a protective factor while the use of nephrotoxic drugs during perinatal period increased the chance of kidney deficit. These findings reinforce the need to evaluate the kidney function in these children, especially those who use nephrotoxic drugs. Introduction conditions characteristics measurements infants Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 250 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up hypertension diabetes pregnancy childrens s sex score medications evaluation height dosages equation 6 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 1 73 mL/min/1.7 m variable Results 15 evaluated 3442 34 42 34.42 3 56.6%, 566 56.6% , 56 (56.6%) 14397 1439 7 1439. 469 46 9 46. 93 9. Discussion 25 mLmin17 mL/min/1. 344 4 34.4 56.6 5 (56.6% 143 2 mLmin1 mL/min/1 34. 56. (56.6 14 mL/min/ (56. mL/min (56 (5 (

RESUMO O estudo começa coletando evidências relativas a eventuais ciclos de regulação/desregulação entre as décadas iniciais do séculos XX e XXI. Depois, analisa a passagem do Homem Medieval para o Homem Liberal na Europa, onde foca no impacto econômico e político desses eventos desde o Liberalismo Clássico até o Neoliberalismo. Segue-se uma busca de respostas para o atual quadro de desarranjos e tendências autoritárias no mundo derivadas, em essência, do Neoliberalismo dominante e especulações são feitas acerca do futuro desse sistema. regulaçãodesregulação regulação desregulação XXI Depois Europa Seguese Segue se derivadas essência sistema

ABSTRACT This paper starts gathering historical evidence related to eventual regulation/deregulation cycles in the two first decades of the XXth and XXIth centuries. Following, an analysis on the passageway of the Medieval Man to a Liberal Man in Europe, and on the economic and political features of the Classical Liberalism in its path to Neoliberalism. Later on, a search for answers to the recent disarrangements and authoritarian trends in the world. Many critics were made to Neoliberalism as well as speculations on the future of this system. regulationderegulation regulation deregulation centuries Following Europe world system

ABSTRACT Objective: To define a reference chart comparing pressure drop vs. flow generated by a set of arterial cannulae currently utilized in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions in pediatric surgery. Methods: Cannulae from two manufacturers were selected considering their design and outer and inner diameters. Cannula performance was evaluated in terms of pressure drop vs. flow during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. The experimental circuits consisted of a Jostra HL-20 roller pump, a Quadrox-i pediatric oxygenator (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer’s solution only (first condition) and with human packed red blood cells added (second condition) to achieve a hematocrit of 30%. Cannula sizes 8 to 16 Fr were inserted into the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit with a “Y” connector. The flow was adjusted in 100 ml/min increments within typical flow ranges for each cannula. Pre-cannula and post-cannula pressures were measured to calculate the pressure drop. Results: Utilizing a pressure drop limit of 100 mmHg, our results suggest a recommended flow limit of 500, 900, 1400, 2600, and 3100 mL/min for Braile arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, respectively. For Medtronic DLP arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, the recommended flow limit is 600, 1100, 1700, 2700, and 3300 mL/min, respectively. Conclusion: This study reinforces discrepancies in pressure drop between cannulae of the same diameter supplied by different manufacturers and the importance of independent translational research to evaluate components’ performance. Objective vs surgery Methods diameters HL20 HL 20 HL-2 pump Quadroxi Quadrox i Maquet AG Rastatt Germany, Germany , Germany) Ringers Ringer s first condition second 30 30% 1 Y “Y connector 10 mlmin ml min cannula Precannula Pre postcannula post Results mmHg 500 900 1400 2600 310 mLmin mL 12 14 respectively 600 1100 1700 2700 330 Conclusion components HL2 2 HL- 3 50 90 140 260 31 60 110 170 270 33 5 9 26 6 11 17 27

ABSTRACT Luis Tavares revolutionized cardiac surgery, always bringing the most modern instruments and equipment from his travels to England - surgical forceps, scissors, scalpels, etc. He always insisted that he was not just a thoracic surgeon, for his work extended over a wide field and created three important cardiac surgery centers which promoted a great development of cardiology. He carried out the first open heart surgery (atrial septal defect) employing extracorporeal circulation and closure of a ventricular septal defect with deep surface hypothermia of north and northeast Brazil. He promoted an intense scientific exchange program between Recife and England, resulting in significant advances in medicine, and participated directly in the creation of HEMOPE), leading to radical changes and improvements in blood therapy in the whole country. The PROCAPE, inaugurated in 2006, was the result of the cardiac center created by him in early 1970 at Hospital Oswaldo Cruz and can be considered the second largest public-university cardiology center in Brazil. He is thus widely regarded as an outstanding name in medicine in the 20th century and one of the fathers of modern cardiac surgery in Brazil. forceps scissors scalpels etc surgeon atrial Brazil HEMOPE, HEMOPE , HEMOPE) country PROCAPE 2006 197 publicuniversity public university th 200 19 20 1 2

Biodiesel is obtained from the alcoholysis of triglycerides and has been used as a renewable alternative to diesel. Though the methanolysis of triglycerides in the presence of MeONa catalyst has been widely used, searching for alternatives that may improve the competitiveness of the production chain is still a challenge. The aim of this work was to evaluate sodium glyceroxide as a catalyst in the methanolysis of soy oil. Sodium glyceroxide was obtained from glycerol and NaOH in ethanol, and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The transesterification reaction was optimized after two sets of experiments based on the Doehlert matrix experimental design. In the first one, the influence of the molar ratio of methanol/triglyceride, and the amount of catalyst (m/m with respect to the triglyceride) were studied. In the second set, the temperature, and the reaction time were studied. The best conditions were found as 12:1 molar ratio, 2% of catalyst, 50 ºC, and 60 min. The conditions were applied in the transesterification of canola and sunflower oils, and tallow. All the biodiesels were obtained with an ester content superior to 98%, free from methanol and triglycerides. Specific mass, viscosity, and pour point were determined and met the international specifications. diesel challenge oil ethanol TGA, TGA , (TGA) Xray X ray XRD (XRD FTIR (FTIR spectroscopy design one methanoltriglyceride triglyceride methanol/triglyceride m/m mm m studied set temperature 121 12 1 12: 2 5 ºC 6 min oils tallow 98 98% mass viscosity specifications (TGA 9

Abstract The Bauru Supersequence comprises two chronocorrelates groups, namely, Caiuá and Bauru. While substantial efforts have been dedicated to detailed mapping in the eastern portion of the Bauru Basin, the western part, specifically the Caiuá Group, remains unresolved and undivided. The aim of this research was to characterize the occurrence area of the Rio Paraná Formation in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, which is located in the Midwest region of Brazil, as well as its lithostratigraphic characteristics, and the implications for a better understanding of the paleoclimate and paleogeography of that region during the Cretaceous. The Rio Paraná Formation is constituted by six lithofacies: sandstone with cross-stratification (Sct), sandstone with trough cross-stratification (Sct-t), sandstone with cross-stratification pebbles (Sctp), massive sandstone (Sm), massive sandstone with fragments of basalt (Smb), and sandy mudstone (Fme). It was possible to group three facies associations: large-size eolian dunes, interdunes, and sand sheet deposits. The direction of paleocurrent is southwest, which is similar to those previously recognized in the eastern part of the basin and chronocorrelates basins in Brazil. Based on the results obtained in this research, it was possible to provide evidence for the future paleogeographic reconstruction of the Late Cretaceous in South America. groups namely Basin Group undivided Sul Brazil characteristics lithofacies crossstratification cross stratification Sct, Sct , (Sct) Sctt, Sctt t (Sct-t) Sctp, Sctp (Sctp) Sm, Sm (Sm) Smb, Smb (Smb) Fme. Fme . (Fme) associations largesize large size dunes interdunes deposits southwest America (Sct (Sct-t (Sctp (Sm (Smb (Fme

Abstract Humans are exposed to natural compounds such as phytoestrogens primarily through diet and supplements. These compounds promote health by alleviating the symptoms and illnesses associated with menopause and arthritis. Diosgenin (DSG) occurs naturally in plants such as Dioscorea villosa (DV) and binds to estrogen receptors, so it may have similar effects to this hormone, including against arthritis. Thus, we investigated the effect of chronic treatment with dry extract of DV and its phytoestrogen DSG on ovariectomized mice with arthritis. We found that dry extract of Dioscorea villosa (DV) contains the phytoestrogen diosgenin (DSG) in its composition. Furthermore, arthritic mice treated with DV and DSG showed reduced neutrophil accumulation in the articular cartilage. Also, the dry extract of DV administered orally (v.o) did not alter the leukocyte count in the joints or promote changes in the reproductive tract. However, DSG altered these parameters, with possible beneficial effects by reducing symptoms related to reproductive aging. Thus, oral treatment with dry extract of DV and subcutaneous (s.c) treatment with DSG showed promise by acting against inflammation caused by arthritis and reducing symptoms in the reproductive tract due to menopause. supplements (DSG (DV receptors hormone Thus composition Furthermore cartilage Also v.o vo v o (v.o However parameters aging s.c sc s c (s.c

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Contamination of the breathing circuit and medication preparation surface of an anesthesia machine can increase the risk of cross-infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contamination of the anesthetic medication preparation surface, respiratory circuits, and devices used in general anesthesia with assisted mechanical ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at the surgical center of a philanthropic hospital, of medium complexity located in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in the eastern region of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Eighty-two microbiological samples were collected from the breathing circuits. After repeating the samples in different culture media, 328 analyses were performed. RESULTS: A higher occurrence of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.001) were observed. Variations were observed depending on the culture medium and sample collection site. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the inadequate disinfection of the inspiratory and expiratory branches, highlighting the importance of stringent cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces. BACKGROUND crossinfection. crossinfection cross infection. infection cross-infection OBJECTIVE circuits ventilation SETTING Crosssectional, Crosssectional Cross sectional, sectional Cross-sectional hospital Lagoas Sul METHODS Eightytwo Eighty two media 32 performed RESULTS E coli spp spp. aureus P 0.001 0001 0 001 site CONCLUSION branches hightouch high touch surfaces 3 0.00 000 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO Introdução: O uso de alinhadores transparentes como alternativa aos aparelhos ortodônticos fixos tem se tornado popular, devido às demandas estéticas dos pacientes adultos em busca de tratamento ortodôntico. No entanto, a falta de conhecimento dos ortodontistas sobre as consequências jurídicas de suas atividades, e a falta de evidências científicas sólidas levantam preocupações em relação à responsabilidade civil nesse tipo de tratamento. Muitas vezes, as campanhas de marketing das empresas fabricantes exageram nas promessas de resultados e desconsideram a falta de evidências científicas. O paciente, como consumidor, é protegido pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor, e o ortodontista é considerado um fornecedor de tratamento. Portanto, ele pode ser responsabilizado por danos causados ao paciente, seja por culpa subjetiva ou objetiva. Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, as responsabilidades civis dos ortodontistas e das empresas fabricantes de alinhadores, fornecendo orientações jurídicas básicas para ajudar os profissionais a se protegerem de possíveis demandas judiciais relacionadas ao tratamento com alinhadores ortodônticos. Conclusões: O estudo destaca a importância do conhecimento de noções jurídicas em tratamentos com alinhadores ortodônticos, devendo o profissional resguardar-se juridicamente por meio de contratos individuais por escrito, prevenindo-se de assumir uma obrigação de resultado com o paciente. Além disso, em casos de demandas judiciais, é possível que as empresas fabricantes respondam solidariamente a possíveis danos reclamados pelo paciente. Introdução popular ortodôntico entanto atividades vezes paciente consumidor Consumidor Portanto objetiva Objetivo Identificar bibliográfica Conclusões resguardarse resguardar escrito prevenindose prevenindo disso

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of clear aligners as an alternative to fixed orthodontic appliances has become popular due to the aesthetic demands of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment. However, orthodontists’ lack of knowledge about the legal consequences of their activities, and the lack of solid scientific evidence raise concerns regarding civil liability in this type of treatment. Marketing campaigns of manufacturing companies often exaggerate promises of results, and ignore the lack of scientific evidence. Patients, as consumers, are protected by the Consumer Protection Code, whereas orthodontists are considered treatment providers. Therefore, they can be held liable for damage caused to patients, whether by subjective or objective fault. Objective: This article aims to identify the civil responsibilities of orthodontists and aligner manufacturing companies, by means of a literature review, providing basic legal guidance to help professionals protect themselves from possible lawsuits related to treatment with orthodontic aligners. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of knowledge of legal notions in treatments with orthodontic aligners by orthodontists, who should legally safeguard themselves through individual written contracts, avoiding obligation of results. In addition, in cases of legal claims, it is possible that the manufacturing companies are jointly and severally liable for possible damages claimed by the patient. Introduction However activities results Patients consumers Code providers Therefore fault Objective review Conclusions contracts addition claims patient