Jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) is a residue that contains phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and gallic acid. An adsorbent-bioactive complex (ABC) was synthesized using an extract rich in compounds with antioxidant properties obtained from JPP immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose from sweet sorghum bagasse. In this work, the result of thermal degradation of anthocyanins from JPP and ABC, activation energy (Ea), half-life time (t1/2), decimal reduction time (D), temperature variation (Z), thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS)) and degradation of antioxidant activities were investigated. Anthocyanin degradation of 35, 60 and 85% was observed for JPP and 10, 30 and 65% for ABC at temperatures of 90-130 °C. Ea of JPP and ABC were 110 and 91 kJ mol-1, respectively. ABC was able to increase from 143-690% the half-life time when compared to JPP. The Z parameter indicated that a greater temperature variation is necessary to degrade ABC anthocyanins (31 °C) when compared to JPP (25 °C). The thermodynamic parameters showed that the energy needed to be broken down to reach the transition state is higher for JPP than ABC, in addition ABC is closer to its thermodynamic equilibrium state. Thus, ABC can be used as an additive in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries, maintaining bioactive and antioxidant properties. (JPP acid adsorbentbioactive adsorbent (ABC bagasse work Ea, , (Ea) halflife half life t1/2, t12 t t1/2 t1 2 (t1/2) D, D (D) Z, (Z) enthalpy ΔH, ΔH (ΔH) ΔG (ΔG ΔS (ΔS) investigated 35 6 85 10 3 65 90130 90 130 90-13 C °C 11 9 mol1, mol1 mol 1, 1 mol-1 respectively 143690% 143690 143 690% 690 143-690 31 (3 25 (2 . Thus pharmaceutical industries (Ea t1/ (t1/2 (D (Z (ΔH (ΔS 8 9013 13 90-1 mol- 14369 14 69 143-69 ( (t1/ 901 90- 1436 143-6 (t1 143- (t

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of panels produced with different proportions of Pinus oocarpa wood particles and industrial cigarette waste. The wood came from an experimental field and the cigarette waste was obtained through a donation. The particles were mixed in different proportions (100% pine particles, 90% pine particles and 10% cigarette particles, 80% pine particles and 20% cigarette particles, 70% pine particles and 30% cigarette particles). The results showed that all particleboards reached the minimum value specified by NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018) for Thickness Swelling (TS). All mechanical properties evaluated showed a reduction in values with the addition of cigarette residue particles and the values obtained did not meet the minimum specified by the standard used for the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. Regarding internal adhesion, the panels for T3 and T4 treatments reached the minimum value required by Brazilian standards. The thermal resistance of the panels increased with the inclusion of cigarette residue particles, but the effect was low depending on R 2 . donation 100% 100 (100 90 10 80 20 70 30 particles. particles) 148102 14810 14810- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2018 TS. TS (TS) elasticity adhesion T standards (10 9 1 8 7 3 1481 201 (TS (1 148 ( 14

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade de painéis produzidos com diferentes proporções de partículas de madeira de Pinus oocarpa e resíduos de cigarro industrializado. As partículas foram misturadas em diferentes proporções (100% de partículas de pinus, 90% de partículas de pinus e 10% de partículas de cigarro, 80% de partículas de pinus e 20% de partículas de cigarro, 70% de partículas de pinus e 30% de partículas de cigarro). Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os painéis aglomerados atingiram o valor mínimo especificado pela NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018) para o Inchamento em Espessura (IE). Todas as propriedades mecânicas avaliadas evidenciaram redução nos valores com a adição das partículas de resíduos de cigarro e os valores obtidos não atenderam ao mínimo especificado pela norma utilizada para o módulo de ruptura e módulo de elasticidade. Em relação a ligação interna os painéis dos tratamentos T3 e T4 atingiram o valor mínimo requerido pela norma brasileira. A resistência térmica dos painéis aumentou com a inclusão das partículas de resíduos de cigarro, porém o efeito foi baixo em função do R2. industrializado 100% 100 (100 90 10 80 20 70 30 cigarro. . cigarro) 148102 14810 2 14810- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2018 IE. IE (IE) elasticidade T brasileira R2 R (10 9 1 8 7 3 1481 201 (IE (1 148 ( 14

RESUMO Este estudo analisou um biomaterial substituto ósseo recentemente desenvolvido feito de óxido de quitosana- xantana-hidroxiapatita-grafeno (CXHAG). As partículas CXHAG observaram caracterização estrutural e morfológica in vitro. Foi testado in vivo, com ou sem meio condicionado osteogênico de células-tronco mesenquimais. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o novo biomaterial CXHAG, suplementado com meio condicionado de células-tronco mesenquimais, poderia ser útil para a regeneração óssea. Materiais e Método Para o estudo in vitro, as células foram incubadas com 20mg de grânulos de CXHAG por 24 horas e foi realizado ensaio de MTT para verificar a citotoxicidade. Para o estudo in vivo, foram criados defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico na calvária em vinte e cinco ratos. Um animal teve o defeito não preenchido (Grupo Controle – GC) e foi eutanasiado após 42 dias. Doze ratos receberam as partículas CXHAG (Grupo 1 – G1) e os outros doze receberam as partículas CXHAG suplementadas com o meio condicionado (Grupo 2 – G2). Todos os enxertos G1/G2 foram cobertos com membrana CXHAG. Os animais do G1/G2 foram eutanasiados após 14 dias (T1) ou 42 dias (T2). Os espécimes foram processados e avaliados histologicamente. Resultados A análise SEM das partículas CXHAG mostrou grânulos de 300-400μm, com superfície áspera e irregular. Eles não foram citotóxicos para células-tronco da polpa dentária in vitro. As amostras CG mostraram tecido conjuntivo imaturo frouxo e nenhuma formação óssea no centro do defeito. G1 e G2 apresentaram partículas remanescentes de biomateriais em ambos os momentos, mas apenas G2 apresentou formação óssea no centro do defeito. Conclusões O meio condicionado teve repercussões positivas na regeneração óssea em defeitos críticos de calvária de ratos quando associado ao novo biomaterial substituto ósseo.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed a recently developed bone substitute biomaterial made of chitosan-xanthanhydroxyapatite- graphene oxide (CXHAG). The CXHAG particles underwent in vitro structural and morphological characterization, and in vivo testing with or without osteogenic conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells. Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether the CXHAG novel biomaterial, supplemented with conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells, could be useful for bone regeneration. Materials and Method For the in vitro study, cells were incubated with 20mg of CXHAG granules for 24 hours and a MTT assay was performed to tests for cytotoxicity. For the in vivo study, critical size calvarial bone defects were created in twenty-five rats. One animal had the defect unfilled (Control Group–CG) and was euthanized after 42 days. Twelve rats received the CXHAG particles (Group 1–G1) and the other twelve received the CXHAG particles supplemented with the conditioned medium (Group 2–G2). All G1/G2 grafts were covered with a CXHAG membrane. G1/G2 animals were euthanized after 14 days (T1) or 42 days (T2). The specimens were processed and histologically evaluated. Results SEM analysis of the CXHAG particles showed granules of 300-400μm, with a rough irregular surface. They were not cytotoxic to dental pulp stem cells in vitro. The CG specimen showed loose immature connective tissue and no bone formation at the center of the defect. G1 and G2 presented remnant biomaterial particles at both time points, but only G2 had bone formation at the center of the defect. Conclusions The conditioned medium had a positive effect on bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defects when associated with the novel bone substitute biomaterial.

Resumen Objetivo: comprobar si el seguimiento telefónico agrega efecto a la aplicación de Intervenciones Breves para el uso de alcohol entre las mujeres embarazadas. Metodología: se trata de un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado, abierto, paralelo, de dos brazos. Los datos fueron recolectados en la atención primaria de salud en São Carlos y el Centro de Referencia para la Salud de la Mujer en Ibaté (São Paulo, Brasil). Se realizó un seguimiento de las mujeres embarazadas que consumieron cualquier cantidad de alcohol durante el embarazo. Posteriormente, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. El grupo de control recibió solo una breve intervención; el grupo experimental recibió una intervención breve y fue monitoreado semanalmente por teléfono durante dos semanas después de la intervención. Se utilizó un programa estadístico para realizar estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales (Test de Wilcoxon). Resultados: Hubo una reducción en el consumo en ambos grupos. Sin embargo, solo en el grupo experimental en el que se implementó la intervención con seguimiento, hubo abstinencia en todo el grupo (AUDIT-C: p-valor=0,011; T-ACE: p-valor=0,010). Conclusiones: Las intervenciones breves asociadas al seguimiento telefónico durante el embarazo demostraron ser efectivas para detener el consumo de alcohol. El seguimiento continuo después de intervenciones breves mejora las tasas de abstinencia de alcohol. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos: RBR-4y4k7w.

Abstract Objective: to test whether telephone monitoring adds effect to the application of Brief Interventions for alcohol use among pregnant women. Methodology: this is a controlled and randomized clinical trial, open, parallel, with two arms. Data were collected in primary health care in São Carlos and Reference Center for Women's Health in Ibaté (São Paulo, Brazil). Pregnant women who consumed any amount of alcohol during pregnancy were tracked. Afterwards, they were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group received only a brief intervention; the experimental group received a brief intervention and were monitored weekly by telephone for two weeks after the intervention. A statistical program was used to perform descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon Test). Results: There was a reduction in consumption in both groups. However, only in the experimental group in which the intervention with monitoring was implemented, there was abstinence in the entire group (AUDIT-C: p-value=0.011; T-ACE: p-value=0.010). Conclusions: Brief interventions associated with telephone monitoring during pregnancy proved to be effective in stopping alcohol consumption. Continuous monitoring after brief interventions improves alcohol abstinence rates. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-4y4k7w.

Resumo Objetivo: testar se o monitoramento por telefone acrescenta efeito à aplicação de Intervenções Breves para o uso de álcool entre gestantes. Metodologia: trata-se de ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado, aberto, paralelo, com dois braços. Os dados foram coletados na atenção primária à saúde de São Carlos e Centro de Referência de Saúde da Mulher em Ibaté (São Paulo, Brasil). Foram rastreadas gestantes que consumiram qualquer quantidade de álcool na gestação. Após, foram alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O grupo controle recebeu apenas uma intervenção breve; o grupo experimental recebeu uma intervenção breve e foi monitorado semanalmente por telefone nas duas semanas posteriores à intervenção. Utilizou-se programa estatístico para realização de estatísticas descritivas e inferencial (Teste de Wilcoxon). Resultados: Houve redução do consumo nos dois grupos. Porém, apenas no grupo experimental em que foi implementado intervenção com monitoramento, houve abstinência de todo o grupo (AUDIT-C: p-valor=0,011; T-ACE: p-valor=0,010). Conclusões: Intervenções breves associadas a monitoramento telefônico durante a gestação se mostraram efetivas para a cessação do consumo de álcool. O monitoramento contínuo após intervenções breves melhora as taxas de abstinência de álcool. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-4y4k7w.

ABSTRACT Standardized fuel models are a useful tool to predict fire behavior and propose forest fire suppression strategies. The aim was to compare the simulations of fire behavior with the result of a prescribed burn in an oak-pine forest in Guerrero, Mexico. Leaf litter (Ho), and mulch (Ma) samples were collected in 0.09 m2 at the end of the planar intersection lines for woody fuel sampling. The simulations in the FUEGO system were based on: a) field fuel loads, and b) theoretical loads of models 8 and 9. During the development of the burning, the temperature (T), relative humidity (HR), speed of the wind (VV), flame height (ALL) and fire spread speed (VP). The fuel load of 11 t ha-1 led to a PV = 1.07 m min-1 and ALL = 0.65 m for burning against the slope. The simulations with a mean square error (CME) of 0.11 showed acceptable values of ALL (0.54 and 0.64 m) except for the ALL-M8 model with 0.24 m (p < 0.05). The VP-real did not present statistical diferences with the simulations for values of 0.40 and 1.78 m with a CME = 0.54 and 1.56, the VP-9 and VP-M9 models provided high simulation values compared to the VP-M8 (p < 0.05). Fire behavior responded to changes in HR, VV and spatial distribution of fuels in the field.

RESUMEN Los modelos de combustibles estandarizados son una herramienta útil para predecir el comportamiento del fuego y plantear estrategias de supresión de incendios forestales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar las simulaciones del comportamiento del fuego con el resultado de una quema prescrita en un bosque de encino-pino en Guerrero, México. Se colectaron muestras de hojarasca (Ho) y mantillo (Ma) en 0.09 m2 al final de las líneas de intersección planar para el muestreo de combustibles leñosos. Las simulaciones en el sistema FUEGO se basaron en: a) cargas de combustible de campo y b) cargas teóricas de los modelos 8 y 9. Durante el desarrollo de la quema se monitoreo la temperatura (T), humedad relativa (HR), velocidad del viento (VV), altura de llama (ALL) y velocidad de propagación del fuego (VP). La carga de combustible 11 t ha-1, propicio una VP = 1.07 m min-1 y ALL = 0.65 m para quemas en contra de la pendiente. Las simulaciones con un cuadrado medio del error (CME) de 0.11, evidenciaron valores aceptables de ALL (0.54 y 0.64 m) a excepción del modelo ALL-M8 con 0.24 m (p < 0.05). La VP-real no presento diferencias estadísticas con las simulaciones para valores de 0.40 y 1.78 m con un CME = 0.54 y 1.56, los modelos VP-9 y VP-M9 propiciaron valores de simulación altos, respecto a la VP-M8 (p < 0.05). El comportamiento del fuego respondió a los cambios de HR, VV y distribución espacial de los combustibles en el terreno.

RESUMO Os resíduos da mineração de vermiculita, embora de baixa solubilidade, contêm nutrientes como cálcio, magnésio e potássio em concentrações que permitem seu uso agrícola. Bactérias benéficas podem aumentar a solubilidade deste resíduo e sua eficiência. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da bioinoculação do resíduo de vermiculita, associado ao esterco bovino, na liberação de nutrientes e no crescimento inicial do milho. Foi realizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa de vegetação com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - solo sem adubação; T2 - solo adubado com fontes solúveis de nutrientes (fertilização convencional); T3 - aplicação de resíduo de vermiculita (VR); T4 - VR enriquecido com esterco bovino (CM); T5 -VR+CM com Bacillus subtilis; T6 - VR + CM + B. amyloliquefaciens e T7 - VR + CM + B. subtilis + B. amyloliquefaciens). O VR aumentou a disponibilidade de Ca e K no solo, porém seu desempenho foi inferior às fontes solúveis. Independentemente da utilização de esterco bovino ou de microrganismos benéficos, os resíduos da mineração de vermiculita aumentaram a disponibilidade de Ca e K no solo, mas não foram capazes de igualar as fontes solúveis de nutrientes. Os resíduos de mineração associados ao esterco bovino e aos microrganismos benéficos (B. subtilis e B. amyloliquefaciens) aumentaram a atividade microbiana e aumentaram a liberação de cálcio disponível para o milho. Os resíduos da mineração de vermiculita aumentaram o crescimento e a produção de massa seca do milho em comparação ao solo não fertilizado, mas foram consistentemente inferiores ao fertilizante convencional. agrícola eficiência Objetivouse Objetivou se repetições T adubação fertilização convencional convencional) (VR) (CM) VR+CM VRCM B amyloliquefaciens. . (B fertilizado (VR (CM

ABSTRACT Vermiculite mining residues, although of low solubility, contain nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium at concentrations that allow their agricultural use. Beneficial bacteria can increase the solubility of this waste and its efficiency. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of bio-inoculation of vermiculite residue, associated with cattle manure, on the release of nutrients and initial growth of maize. A completely randomized design was performed in a greenhouse with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were: T1 - soil without fertilization; T2 - soil fertilized with soluble sources of nutrients (conventional fertilization); T3 - application of vermiculite residue (VR); T4 - VR enriched with cattle manure (CM); T5 - VR + CM with Bacillus subtilis; T6 - VR + CM + B. amyloliquefaciens, and T7 - VR + CM +B. subtilis + B. amyloliquefaciens). Regardless of the use of cattle manure or beneficial microorganisms, vermiculite mining waste increased the availability of Ca and K in the soil, but was not able to match the soluble sources of nutrients. Mining waste associated with cattle manure and beneficial microorganisms (B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens) increased microbial activity and enhanced the release of available calcium for maize. VR increased the growth and the dry mass production of maize compared to the non-fertilized soil, but was consistently inferior to conventional fertilizer. residues magnesium efficiency bioinoculation bio inoculation replications were T fertilization fertilization) (VR) (CM) B amyloliquefaciens +B amyloliquefaciens. . (B nonfertilized non fertilizer (VR (CM

ABSTRACT Single nucleotide polymorphisms are variations of a single nucleotide base pair and can be associated to phenotypic characteristics. This study aimed to determine the association of CAPN1 and CAST gene polymorphisms with the tenderness of Creole cattle meat from the Amazonas region, Peru. The texture profile (adhesiveness, cohesiveness, Warner-Bratzler shear force, elasticity, gumminess, and chewiness) of 100 animals was determined in 100 g of Longissimus dorsi et lumborum muscle. Allelic frequencies, genotypic frequencies, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of calpain (CAPN-316, CAPN-530) and calpastatin (CAST-2959) gene polymorphisms were studied. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated, as well as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with the Chi-square test. The texture profile of each group of samples corresponding to a polymorphism was compared with the Duncan’s test and the t-test for independent samples (p < 0.05). Genotypic frequencies were 78 % GG and 22 % CC for CAPN-316; 68 % GG, 5 % GA, and 27 % AA for CAPN-530; and 74 % AA, 18 % AG, and 8 % GG for CAST-2959. The CAPN-316, CAPN-530, and CAST-2959 polymorphisms were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CC genotype of CAPN-316 marker influences meat tenderness on day 21 of meat aging. In contrast, the GG genotype of CAST-2959 marker affects meat tenderness at days 14 and 21 of meat aging concerning the other genotypes. characteristics CAPN region Peru adhesiveness, adhesiveness (adhesiveness cohesiveness WarnerBratzler Warner Bratzler force elasticity gumminess chewiness 10 muscle HardyWeinberg Hardy Weinberg HWE (HWE CAPN316, CAPN316 316, 316 (CAPN-316 CAPN530 530 CAPN-530 CAST2959 2959 (CAST-2959 studied calculated Chisquare Chi square Duncans Duncan s ttest t p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 7 2 6 GA 1 AG CAST2959. 2959. CAPN530, 530, CAST-295 CAPN-31 contrast genotypes CAPN31 31 (CAPN-31 CAPN53 53 CAPN-53 CAST295 295 (CAST-295 00 0.0 CAST-29 CAPN-3 CAPN3 3 (CAPN-3 CAPN5 CAPN-5 CAST29 29 (CAST-29 0. CAST-2 CAPN- (CAPN- CAST2 (CAST-2 CAST- (CAPN (CAST- (CAST

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a anemia por deficiência de ferro e a duração do sono no primeiro ano de vida. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 123 crianças, sendo o sono investigado aos três, seis e 12 meses de idade e a anemia ao nascimento e aos seis meses. Utilizaram-se como pontos de corte para anemia e curta duração de sono, respectivamente, hemoglobina<11 g/dL (nascimento e/ou seis meses) e tempo total <10 h (3, 6 e/ou 12 meses). A comparação do tempo médio de sono entre as crianças com e sem anemia foi realizada pelo teste t de Student e modelos de regressão logística foram usados para verificar diferenças na duração do sono (curta/não curta) entre os grupos. Análises de regressão linear foram conduzidas para determinar a associação entre a duração do sono e valores de hemoglobina. As análises foram ajustadas para potenciais confundidores. Resultados: As crianças com anemia tiveram maior chance de apresentar curta duração do sono [odds ratio — OR (intervalo de confiança — IC95%): 4,02 (1,02–15,76); p≤0,05]. Para cada unidade de aumento nos valores da hemoglobina, o tempo de sono aumentou em 16,2 min [β (IC95%): 0,27 (0,00–0,55); p≤0,05), independentemente de renda familiar, escolaridade materna, sexo e índice de massa corporal ao nascimento. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que a anemia ferropriva está associada à curta duração do sono no primeiro ano de vida e indicam a necessidade de investigações longitudinais, com maior tempo de seguimento, para verificar o impacto da anemia na duração do sono em idades subsequentes. Objetivo Métodos três 1 Utilizaramse Utilizaram se respectivamente hemoglobina11 hemoglobina 11 hemoglobina<1 gdL g dL eou ou 10 <1 3, 3 (3 . curta/não curtanão não grupos confundidores Resultados odds intervalo IC95% IC95 IC IC95%) 402 4 02 4,0 1,02–15,76 1021576 15 76 (1,02–15,76) p≤0,05. p005 p p≤0,05 0 05 p≤0,05] 162 16 2 16, β (IC95%) 027 27 0,2 0,00–0,55 000055 00 55 (0,00–0,55) p≤0,05, , p≤0,05) familiar materna Conclusões longitudinais seguimento subsequentes hemoglobina1 hemoglobina< < ( IC9 40 4, 1,02–15,7 102157 7 (1,02–15,76 p00 p≤0,0 (IC95% 0, 0,00–0,5 00005 5 (0,00–0,55 1,02–15, 10215 (1,02–15,7 p0 p≤0, (IC95 0,00–0, 0000 (0,00–0,5 1,02–15 1021 (1,02–15, p≤0 (IC9 0,00–0 000 (0,00–0, 1,02–1 102 (1,02–15 p≤ (IC 0,00– (0,00–0 1,02– (1,02–1 0,00 (0,00– 1,02 (1,02– 0,0 (0,00 1,0 (1,02 (0,0 1, (1,0 (0, (1, (0 (1

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between iron deficiency anemia and sleep duration in the first year of life. Methods: A total of 123 infants were investigated, with sleep being evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of age and anemia at birth and 6 months. The cutoff points for anemia and short sleep duration were hemoglobin <11 g/dL (at birth and/or 6 months) and <10 h (at 3, 6, and 12 months), respectively. The comparison of the average sleep time between infants with and without anemia was performed using the Student’s t-test, and logistic regression models were also used to verify differences in the sleep duration (short/not short) between the groups. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between sleep duration and hemoglobin values. The analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Children with anemia were more likely to be short sleepers [odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)): 4.02 (1.02–15.76); p≤0.05], and for each unit increase in hemoglobin values, the sleep duration increased by 16.2 min [β (95%CI): 0.27 (0.00–0.55); p≤0.05), regardless of family income, maternal schooling, gender, and body mass index at birth. Conclusions: Our results suggest that iron deficiency anemia is associated with short sleep duration in the first year of life and indicate the need for longitudinal investigations, with longer follow-up, to verify the impact of anemia on sleep duration at subsequent ages. Objective Methods investigated 3 1 11 <1 gdL g dL andor or 10 months, , respectively Students Student s ttest, ttest t test, test t-test short/not shortnot not groups values confounders Results odds 95% 95 (95 CI (CI)) 402 4 02 4.0 1.02–15.76 1021576 15 76 (1.02–15.76) p≤0.05, p005 p p≤0.05 0 05 p≤0.05] 162 16 2 16. β 95%CI 95CI (95%CI) 027 27 0.2 0.00–0.55 000055 00 55 (0.00–0.55) p≤0.05) income schooling gender Conclusions investigations followup, followup follow up, up follow-up ages < 9 (9 (CI) 40 4. 1.02–15.7 102157 7 (1.02–15.76 p00 p≤0.0 (95%CI 0. 0.00–0.5 00005 5 (0.00–0.55 ( (CI 1.02–15. 10215 (1.02–15.7 p0 p≤0. 0.00–0. 0000 (0.00–0.5 1.02–15 1021 (1.02–15. p≤0 0.00–0 000 (0.00–0. 1.02–1 102 (1.02–15 p≤ 0.00– (0.00–0 1.02– (1.02–1 0.00 (0.00– 1.02 (1.02– 0.0 (0.00 1.0 (1.02 (0.0 1. (1.0 (0. (1. (0 (1

Abstract Studies investigating the effects of different modalities of exercises on the immune system are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of resistance and aerobic training on the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes from mice. Eighteen male C56BL6/J mice were divided into groups (n=6), sedentary, aerobic, and resistance training. After 8 weeks, animals were euthanized, and their splenocytes were labeled and cultured with and without stimulation. Lymphocyte proliferation (CD4+, CD8+ and CD21/CD35+) was evaluated by flow cytometry. The mice subjected to resistance exercise exhibited greater proliferation for total, CD8+ and B lymphocytes (p<0.05), but not CD4+ cells (p>0.05), compared with their sedentary counterparts. We found significant correlations between maximum load and total, CD8+ and B lymphocytes proliferation rates (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that resistance training promoted an improvement in the immune response associated with CD8+ and B lymphocytes. scarce Therefore C56BL6J CBLJ C56BL6 J C BL n=6, n6 n n=6 , 6 (n=6) euthanized stimulation CD4+, CD4 CD (CD4+ CD8 CD21/CD35+ CD21CD35 CDCD CD21 CD35 cytometry total p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) p>0.05, p>0.05 (p>0.05) counterparts p<0.05. . conclusion CBL C56BL n= (n=6 (CD4 CD21/CD35 CD21CD3 CD2 CD3 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 (n= (CD CD21/CD3 CD21CD p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 (n CD21/CD p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (p< (p> (p

ABSTRACT Despite being subject to lower AIDS-related mortality rates and having a higher life expectancy, patients with HIV are more prone to develop non-AIDS events. A low CD4+/CD8+ ratio during antiretroviral therapy identifies people with heightened immune senescence and increased risk of mortality. In clinical practice, finding determinants of a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio may be useful for identifying patients who require close monitoring due to an increased risk of comorbidities and death. We performed a prospective study on the evolution of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in 60 patients infected with HIV (80% males), who were subjected to two different antiretroviral regimens: early and deferred therapy. The initial CD4+/CD8+ ratio was ≤1 for 70% of the patients in both groups. Older age, CD4+ cell count at inclusion, Nadir CD8+T-cell count, and Initial CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≤ 1 were risk factors for lack of ratio recovery. In the multivariate analysis, a CD4+/CD8+ ratio > 1 at the start of the treatment was found to be a determinant factor in maintaining a CD4+/CD8+ ratio > 1. The nadir CD4+T-cell count was lower in the deferred therapy group (p=0.004), and the last CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≤1 was not associated with comorbidities. Ratio recovery was not associated with the duration of HIV infection, time without therapy, or absence of AIDS incidence. A greater improvement was observed in patients treated early (p=0.003). In contrast, the slope of increase was slower in patients who deferred treatment. In conclusion, the increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio occurred mostly for patients undergoing early strategy treatment and its extension did not seem to be related to previous HIV-related factors. AIDSrelated expectancy nonAIDS non events CD4CD8 CDCD CD4 CD8 CD CD4+/CD8 practice death 6 80% 80 (80 males, males , males) regimens 70 groups age inclusion CD8+Tcell CD8Tcell CDTcell CD8+T T analysis CD4+Tcell CD4Tcell CD4+T p=0.004, p0004 p p=0.004 0 004 (p=0.004) infection incidence p=0.003. p0003 p=0.003 . 003 (p=0.003) contrast conclusion HIVrelated CD4CD CD4+/CD 8 (8 7 Tcell CD8T CDT CD4T p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 (p=0.003 ( p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

Abstract Introduction: The pressing need to train autonomous and proactive professionals demands new ways of mediating content. In this context, the use of active teaching and learning methods can improve the profile of the new professional. Case-Based Learning (CBL) is a strategy based on the student’s ability to relate theory and practice, with autonomy and decision-making. The discipline of Genetics addresses contents that may seem distant from everyday life and future professional practice, so it is necessary to use teaching strategies that facilitate the understanding of the application of this knowledge in medical practice. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the CBL as a pedagogical approach in the teaching-learning process of Genetics for Medicine courses in a public institution. Methods: An active methodology protocol that consisted of nine clinical cases was applied to 46 medical students from Universidade de Brasília, who were later divided into nine groups. The performance and perceptions regarding the methodology were evaluated by questionnaires. Quantitative results were analyzed using Student’s t test. Results: The performance of group work was statistically higher in 8 of 9 cases compared to individual work. Most students considered the activity good or very good (76%), but approximately half reported no increase in motivation. Moreover, 71.4% felt motivated to learn more about the subject after class and 20% considered they were able to teach the subject to others and 42% assessed they would get all or most of the questions correct if they were submitted to a new assessment. Regarding teamwork, 38% reported feeling more motivated. Finally, 86% considered the discussion of clinical cases relevant or very relevant for professional training. Final considerations: The results show, in general, success in the use of CBL on the study of genetic diseases but point out that there are difficulties in the use of alternative teaching methods to the lecture. Despite this, it is clear that learning based on clinical cases can lead to the mobilization of previous knowledge in situations of professional practice. Introduction content context CaseBased Case Based (CBL student s practice decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making Objective teachinglearning institution Methods 4 Brasília groups questionnaires Students Student test Results 76%, 76 76% , (76%) motivation Moreover 714 71 71.4 20 42 assessment teamwork 38 Finally 86 training considerations show general lecture 7 (76% 71. 2 3 (76 (7 (

Resumo Introdução: A necessidade premente de formar médicos autônomos e proativos implica novas abordagens didáticas e formas de mediar o conteúdo. Nesse contexto, a utilização de métodos ativos de ensino e aprendizagem pode incrementar o perfil do novo profissional. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Casos (ABC) é uma estratégia fundamentada na capacidade de o estudante relacionar teoria e prática com autonomia e tomada de decisão. A disciplina de genética aborda conteúdos que podem parecer distantes do cotidiano e da prática profissional futura, e, por isso, a necessidade de utilizar estratégias de ensino que facilitem a compreensão da aplicação desse conhecimento na prática médica. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ABC como abordagem pedagógica no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de genética para o curso de Medicina de uma instituição pública. Método: Aplicou-se um protocolo de método ativo composto por nove casos clínicos a 46 estudantes de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília que, posteriormente, foram divididos em nove grupos. Por meio de questionários, avaliaram-se o desempenho e as percepções em relação ao método. Os resultados quantitativos foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student. Resultado: O rendimento do trabalho em grupo foi estatisticamente maior em oito dos nove casos em comparação ao trabalho individual. A atividade foi considerada boa ou muito boa por 76% dos estudantes, e 90% mencionaram que houve aumento da motivação. Além disso, 71,4% destes demonstraram interesse em estudar mais sobre o assunto após a aula, 20% se consideraram capazes de ensinar o assunto a outras pessoas, e 42% avaliaram que acertariam todas ou a maioria das questões caso fossem submetidos a uma nova avaliação. Com relação ao trabalho em equipe, 38% relataram se sentir mais motivados. Por fim, 86% consideraram relevante ou muito relevante a discussão de casos clínicos para a formação profissional. Conclusão: Os resultados demostraram sucesso no uso do método ABC na abordagem de genética, porém apontaram que há dificuldades na utilização de métodos de ensino alternativos à aula expositiva. Apesar disso, fica explícito que a estratégia adotada pode levar à mobilização de conhecimentos prévios em situações da prática profissional. Introdução conteúdo contexto (ABC decisão futura isso médica Objetivo ensinoaprendizagem pública Método Aplicouse Aplicou 4 posteriormente grupos questionários avaliaramse Student Resultado individual 76 90 motivação disso 714 71 71,4 20 pessoas 42 avaliação equipe 38 motivados fim 86 Conclusão expositiva 7 9 71, 2 3 8

ABSTRACT. Salt stress is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth worldwide, particularly in arid and semiarid regions where excessive groundwater use in irrigation leads to high salt concentrations. To address this issue, this study investigated the efficacy of silicon, either alone or in combination with Trichoderma harzianum and organic matter, in mitigating salt stress in forage sorghum. The experiment took place in a saline Fluvisol in Parnamirim, a semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, and followed a randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates: sorghum (control); sorghum + Si; sorghum + Si + OM (organic matter); sorghum + Si + T (T. harzianum); and sorghum + Si + T + OM. Sorghum plants were assessed over three cycles (initial cut and two regrowths) from June 2021 to April 2022. The combined treatments of Si + OM, Si + T, and Si + T + OM increased plant growth by 42.17, 35.49, and 27.51%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, these treatments led to biomass accumulation gains of 39.42, 40.44, and 31.77% in sorghum plants relative to the control. Silicon alone did not yield significant growth or biomass accumulation improvements. The application of silicon in conjunction with T. harzianum and/or organic matter shows promise in enhancing forage sorghum growth under saline stress conditions in semiarid regions. ABSTRACT worldwide concentrations issue Parnamirim Pernambuco Brazil replicates control (control) matter) (T harzianum) initial regrowths 202 2022 4217 42 17 42.17 3549 35 49 35.49 2751 27 51 27.51% respectively Similarly 3942 39 39.42 4044 40 44 40.44 3177 31 77 31.77 improvements andor (control 20 421 4 1 42.1 354 3 35.4 275 2 5 27.51 394 39.4 404 40.4 317 7 31.7 42. 35. 27.5 39. 40. 31. 27.

ABSTRACT People with Trisomy 21 (T21) have generalized hypotonia, also manifesting in oral structures. The palatal memory plate (PMP) is a removable appliance to improve tongue and lip posture. The evidence of research elucidates an improvement in oral motor function in children with T21 up to the age of 2 who received PMP-based therapy, with only limited, scanty reports in the literature concerning older children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of modified PMP on an oral motor function in patients over 2 years old. Two patients with T21, aged 4 and 3, with absence of lip seal and tongue malposition, were subjected to PMP-based therapy for 6 months. The patients were evaluated for an extra and intra oral exam; their parents answered a questionnaire about their children's habitual tongue and lip position. Two-minute footage to record orofacial motor functions was performed monthly, during follow-up appointments to assess the changes. The substantial improvement of tongue and lip posture was observed after 6 months of plate regular use. PMP has proved to be clinically effective in children over 2 years old, presented with T21, leading to improvement of lip and tongue posture, observed by parents and professionals. T (T21 hypotonia structures (PMP T2 PMPbased based limited Therefore old 3 malposition exam childrens s position Twominute minute monthly followup follow changes use professionals (T2 (T

ABSTRACT Sideroxylon obtusifolium is a native species recognized by traditional communities for its versatility, as it is used to treat various diseases, in fence construction, furniture manufacturing, and tool handles. It is also used for both human and animal consumption. However, extractive use combined with environmental impacts such as habitat loss and wildfires can cause a significant reduction in this species. Therefore, the adoption of biotechnological techniques such as plant tissue culture has been recognized as a significant resource to support the preservation of species with economic and medicinal importance and endangered. Thus, this study aimed to determine an efficient protocol for the in vitro establishment of S. obtusifolium. To achieve this, the seeds were disinfected using different chemical agents (carbendazim, chlorine dioxide, and sodium hypochlorite) for varying lengths of time to establish an efficient disinfection method. Additionally, MS ½ and WPM media, with and without the addition of activated charcoal, were tested to determine the most efficient medium composition for germination. The results indicated that sodium hypochlorite at 2% for 25 minutes was effective for seed asepsis. For germination, the most suitable medium was WPM containing activated charcoal, resulting in healthy and uniform seedlings that can serve as plant material for in vitro propagation of the species. versatility diseases construction manufacturing handles consumption However Therefore endangered Thus S carbendazim, carbendazim (carbendazim dioxide method Additionally media charcoal germination 2 asepsis

RESUMO Sideroxylon obtusifolium é uma espécie nativa, reconhecida pelas comunidades tradicionais por sua versatilidade, sendo empregada para o tratamento de diversas doenças, na construção de cercas, fabricação de móveis e cabo de ferramentas. Além disso é utilizada tanto na alimentação humana quanto animal. No entanto, o uso extrativista somado aos impactos ambientais como perda de habitat e queimadas pode ocasionar redução considerável dessa espécie. Dessa forma, a adoção de técnicas biotecnológicas, como a cultura de tecidos vegetais, tem sido reconhecida como um recurso significativo para apoiar a preservação de espécies com relevância econômica, medicinal e ameaçadas de extinção. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar um protocolo eficiente para o estabelecimento in vitro de S. obtusifolium. Para isso, as sementes foram desinfestadas utilizando diferentes agentes químicos (carbendazim, dióxido de cloro e hipoclorito de sódio) por tempo variado visando estabelecer um método eficiente de desinfestação. Além disso, o meio MS ½ e WPM, com e sem adição de carvão ativado foram testados para determinar a composição do meio mais eficiente para germinação. Os resultados indicaram que o hipoclorito de sódio a 2% durante 25 minutos foi eficiente para a assepsia das sementes. Para a germinação o meio mais adequado foi o WPM contendo carvão ativado, resultando em plântulas sadias e uniformes e que podem servir de material vegetal para propagação in vitro da espécie. nativa versatilidade doenças cercas ferramentas animal entanto forma biotecnológicas vegetais econômica extinção Assim S isso carbendazim, carbendazim (carbendazim desinfestação 2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating green manure, in equal proportions of Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) and Calotropis procera (roostertree) biomass, at varying rates (16, 29, 42, 55, and 68 t ha-1 dry weight) on the quality of coriander shoots grown in a single season under semi-arid conditions. A randomized block design with five treatments and five replicates was employed. A control treatment with coriander without fertilizer was included for comparison. The coriander cultivar ('Verdão') was evaluated for nutritional quality (pH, soluble solids [SS], titratable acidity [TA], SS/TA ratio, total soluble sugar [TSS], vitamin C [VC], and pigment content [chlorophyll 'a' and 'b', total chlorophyll, and carotenoids]). The incorporation of 25.10 and 51.36 t ha-1 of the green manure mixture resulted in coriander with the maximum flavor efficiency (10.43 °Brix/% malic acid) and total soluble sugar content (3.71 °Brix). Higher concentrations of vitamin C (69.19 mg 100 g-1), chlorophyll 'a' (0.69 mg g-1), chlorophyll 'b' (0.16 mg g-1), total chlorophyll (0.84 mg g-1), and carotenoids (0.19 mg g-1) were achieved with applications of 48.71, 56.73, 53.52, 57.04, and 42.08 t ha-1 of the green manure mixture, respectively. hairy woodrose roostertree (roostertree biomass 16, 16 (16 29 42 55 6 ha1 ha 1 ha- weight semiarid semi arid conditions employed comparison Verdão ('Verdão' pH, pH (pH SS, SS , [SS] TA, TA [TA] SSTA ratio TSS, TSS [TSS] VC, VC [VC] 'a b, b carotenoids. . carotenoids]) 2510 25 10 25.1 5136 51 36 51.3 10.43 1043 43 (10.4 Brix °Brix/ acid 3.71 371 3 71 (3.7 °Brix. °Brix °Brix) 69.19 6919 69 19 (69.1 g1, g1 g 0.69 069 0 (0.6 'b 0.16 016 (0.1 0.84 084 84 (0.8 0.19 019 g-1 4871 48 48.71 5673 56 73 56.73 5352 53 52 53.52 5704 57 04 57.04 4208 08 42.0 respectively (1 2 4 5 ('Verdão [SS [TA [TSS [VC carotenoids] 251 25. 513 51. 10.4 104 (10. 3.7 37 7 (3. 69.1 691 (69. 0.6 06 (0. 0.1 01 0.8 8 g- 487 48.7 567 56.7 535 53.5 570 57.0 420 42. ( 10. (10 3. (3 69. (69 0. (0 48. 56. 53. 57. (6

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da incorporação de adubos verdes, em proporções iguais de biomassa de Merremia aegyptia (jitirana) e Calotropis procera (flor-de-seda), em doses variadas (16, 29, 42, 55 e 68 t ha-1 em base seco) na qualidade da parte aérea do coentro cultivados em uma única estação em condições semiárida. Foi empregado um delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Um tratamento controle com coentro sem fertilizante foi incluído para comparação. A cultivar de coentro ('Verdão') foi avaliada quanto à qualidade nutricional (pH, sólidos solúveis [SS], acidez titulável [AT], relação SS/AT, açúcar solúvel total [SST], vitamina C [CV] e teor de pigmento [ clorofila 'a' e 'b', clorofila total e carotenóides]). A incorporação de 25,10 e 51,36 t ha-1 da mistura dos adubos verdes resultou em coentro com máxima eficiência de sabor (10,43 °Brix/% ácido málico) e teor de açúcares solúveis totais (3,71 °Brix). Maiores concentrações de vitamina C (69,19 mg 100 g-1), clorofila 'a' (0,69 mg g-1), clorofila 'b' (0,16 mg g-1), clorofila total (0,84 mg g-1) e carotenóides (0,19 mg g-1) foram alcançadas com aplicações de 48,71, 56,73, 53,52, 57,04 e 42,08 t ha-1 da mistura dos adubos verdes, respectivamente. jitirana (jitirana flordeseda, flordeseda flor seda , (flor-de-seda) 16, 16 (16 29 42 5 6 ha1 ha 1 ha- seco semiárida repetições comparação Verdão ('Verdão' pH, pH (pH SS, SS [SS] AT, AT [AT] SSAT SS/AT SST, SST [SST] CV [CV a 'a b, b carotenóides. . carotenóides]) 2510 25 10 25,1 5136 51 36 51,3 10,43 1043 43 (10,4 Brix °Brix/ málico 3,71 371 3 71 (3,7 °Brix. °Brix °Brix) 69,19 6919 69 19 (69,1 g1, g1 g 0,69 069 0 (0,6 'b 0,16 016 (0,1 0,84 084 84 (0,8 g-1 0,19 019 4871 48 48,71 5673 56 73 56,73 5352 53 52 53,52 5704 57 04 57,0 4208 08 42,0 respectivamente (flor-de-seda (1 2 4 ('Verdão [SS [AT [SST carotenóides] 251 25, 513 51, 10,4 104 (10, 3,7 37 7 (3, 69,1 691 (69, 0,6 06 (0, 0,1 01 0,8 8 g- 487 48,7 567 56,7 535 53,5 570 57, 420 ( 10, (10 3, (3 69, (69 0, (0 48, 56, 53, (6