Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (Lecythidaceae) is a South American tree worldwide known for providing the Brazil nuts. In the Amazon Region, B. excelsa is found in monocultures, integrating agroforestries and providing raw materials for food and timber industries. Through the application of an integrative analysis based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, the present study showed that B. excelsa bark biomass residues contain large quantities of ellagic acid (EA) and its derivatives. Qualitatively, five compounds were characterized for the first time in this species. Quantitations were carried out to determine the total amount of these compounds in outer and inner bark tissues. A total of 4.96 and 44.09 g of EA derivatives per kg of dry residues was determined for the outer and inner barks, respectively. Among the EA derivatives, eschweilenol C, ellagic acid and valoneic acid dilactone were the main compounds. These results pointed B. excelsa barks as a valuable biomass residue with potential to be source of health-promoting compounds. Therefore, a potential raw material as source of valuable bioactive phenolic compounds is described herein.

Apresenta-se a lista das espécies de Euglossini conhecidas no Maranhão e comentários sobre a distribuição de cada uma das espécies. O estudo foi realizado com base em trabalhos de levantamento de machos, com uso de iscas odoríferas, levado a efeito em 14 municípios do estado. A amostragem das abelhas seguiu uma metodologia padronizada nos municípios de Barreirinhas, Buriticupu, São Luís e Vitória do Mearim, com capturas de seis e de 12 horas, uma vez por mês durante um ano. Em outros 10 municípios, as abelhas foram coletadas aleatoriamente, sem obedecer os padrões supracitados. As iscas utilizadas na atração dos machos foram cineol, eugenol, vanilina, salicilato de metila e benzoato de benzila. No total foram encontradas 44 espécies, assim distribuídas: Euglossa (25 espécies), Eufriesea (11), Eulaema (5) e Exaerete (3). Cerca de 81,8% foram encontradas nas áreas amazônicas e 65,9% ocorreram nas áreas mais abertas de influência dos cerrados e dos babaçuais que ocupam grande parte do Estado.

This work presents a check-list and comment on the distribution of the species of Euglossini found in the State of Maranhão, based on works conducted in several areas with odoriferous baits. The sampling of the bees followed a standardized methodology during one year, once a month, in the municipalities of Barreirinhas, Buriticupu, São Luís and Vitória do Mearim, with captures from six and 12 hours. In the other localities were made aleatory collects. The chemical baits used in the attraction of males were cineole, eugenol, vanillin, methyl salicylate and benzyl benzoate. A total of 44 species were found belonging to the following genera: Euglossa (25 species), Eufriesea (11), Eulaema (5) and Exaerete (3). About 81,8% are present in the amazonian areas and 65,9% in the areas with more open vegetation with influence of the "cerrados" and "babaçuais" which occupy great part of the State.