Resumen Antecedentes: El bosque tropical caducifolio constituye zonas con altos niveles de biodiversidad; sin embargo, este ecosistema presente en el municipio de Nocupétaro, Michoacán carece de inventarios florísticos. Preguntas: ¿Qué especies están presentes en el área de estudio? ¿Cuáles especies son endémicas de México y cuántas están en riesgo? ¿Con qué zona tiene mayor afinidad florística? Especies en estudio: Plantas vasculares. Sitio y fechas de estudio: Área de un bosque tropical caducifolio ubicada en el municipio de Nocupétaro, Michoacán, México; septiembre 2016 a noviembre 2017. Métodos: Se realizaron recolectas botánicas en campo. Los especímenes se identificaron con bibliografía especializada. La vegetación se definió con base en la fisonomía y las especies dominantes. Los resultados se comparan con cuatro zonas de bosque tropical caducifolio. Resultados: Se registran 56 familias, 135 géneros, 173 especies y ocho taxa infraespecíficos. Las familias mejor representadas son Fabaceae (34 spp.), Asteraceae (12 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (11 spp.), Apocynaceae (9 spp.), Malvaceae (8 spp.) y Convolvulaceae (7 spp.). Los géneros con más especies son Euphorbia (6), Senna (6), Ipomoea (5) y Bursera (4). Cuarenta y cinco especies son endémicas de México; dos están enlistadas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y tres en la Lista Roja de la IUCN con una categoría de riesgo. El área tiene mayor similitud florística con el cerro La Parotita. Conclusiones: La información generada es la base para otras investigaciones (ecológicas, faunísticas) y resalta la importancia de seguir estudiando y conservando este ecosistema en la región.

Abstract Background: Tropical deciduous forest possesses high levels of biodiversity; however, there is not a complete floristic survey of this ecosystem in the municipality of Nocupétaro, Michoacán. Questions: Which species are present in the study area? Which species are endemic to Mexico and how many are at risk? With which area does it have the greatest floristic affinity? Studied species: Vascular plants. Study site and dates: An area of tropical deciduous forest occurring in the municipality of Nocupétaro, Michoacán, Mexico; September 2016 to November 2017. Methods: Specimens were collected in the field and determined using pertinent specialized literature. The vegetation was defined using physiognomy and dominant species. Results: Fifty-six families, 135 genera, 173 species, and eight infraespecific taxa were registered. The families with more species were Fabaceae (34 spp.), Asteraceae (12 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (11 spp.), Apocynaceae (9 spp.), Malvaceae (8 spp.), and Convolvulaceae (7 spp.). The most speciose genera were Euphorbia (6), Senna (6), Ipomoea (5), and Bursera (4). Forty-five species are endemic to Mexico; two are listed in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 and three species are included IUCN Red List with a risk category. The area has a greater floristic affinity with the Parotita hill. Conclusions: The information generated is the basis for other research (ecological, fauna) and stand out the importance of continuing to study and conserve this ecosystem in the region.

Brejos Nordestinos (northeastern highland wet forests) is a unique ecosystem within the Northeastern Atlantic Forest. This area encompasses a mosaic of humid forests above 600 meters in the semi-arid region, forming an ecotone area. These environmental conditions create an optimal ecosystem for the diversification of plants, including ferns. Pico do Jabre in Paraíba state, with an elevation of 1,208 meters above sea level, is an example of Brejo Nordestino. This study reports the occurrence of Pleopeltis pleopeltidis in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, particularly at Pico do Jabre, a new record of P. pleopeltifolia for Paraíba state, and the local fern flora. Additional records of P. pleopeltidis were found in the municipalities of Triunfo, and Floresta, in Pernambuco state, which are also classified as Brejos Nordestinos with elevations exceeding 1,000 meters above sea level. These findings extend the species' known extent of occurrence by approximately 40%. The conservation status of P. pleopeltidis is suggested as Vulnerable (VU) across its entire range and Endangered (EN) in Northeast Brazil. The distance between populations in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest and the nearest populations in Bahia state ranges from 763-931 km, indicating a potential disjunction. Although the species occurs in three relatively close Brejos Nordestinos, the fragmented nature of the Northeastern Atlantic Forest results in isolated populations on these biogeographical islands, surrounded by a Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) matrix.

Los Brejos Nordestinos (bosques húmedos de tierras altas del noreste) son un ecosistema único dentro del Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste. Esta área abarca un mosaico de bosques húmedos por encima de los 600 metros en la región semiárida, formando una zona de ecotono. Estas condiciones ambientales crean un ecosistema óptimo para la diversificación de plantas, incluidos los helechos. El Pico do Jabre, en el estado de Paraíba, con una altitud de 1208 metros sobre el nivel del mar, es un ejemplo de Brejo Nordestino. Este estudio reporta la ocurrencia de Pleopeltis pleopeltidis en el Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste, particularmente en el Pico do Jabre, un nuevo registro de P. pleopeltifolia para el estado de Paraíba, y en la flora local de helechos. Se encontraron registros adicionales de P. pleopeltidis en los municipios de Triunfo y Floresta, en el estado de Pernambuco, que también están clasificados como Brejos Nordestinos con elevaciones superiores a los 1000 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Estos hallazgos amplían la extensión conocida de ocurrencia de la especie en aproximadamente un 40%. Se sugiere que el estado de conservación de P. pleopeltidis sea vulnerable (VU) en toda su área de distribución y en peligro (EN) en el noreste de Brasil. La distancia entre las poblaciones del Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste y las poblaciones más cercanas en el estado de Bahía varía entre 763 y 931 km, lo que indica una posible disyunción. Aunque la especie ocurre en tres Brejos Nordestinos relativamente cercanos, la naturaleza fragmentada del Bosque Atlántico del Nordeste da como resultado poblaciones aisladas en estas islas biogeográficas, rodeadas por una matriz de Caatinga (bosque tropical seco estacionalmente).

Abstract In Brazil, 65% of the electric power production comes from hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). In some cases, these power plants divert the course of rivers, resulting in regions impacted by the absence of water, which are known as reduced fow sections (RFS). These sections are regulated by legislation and aim to maintain the minimum fow necessary to preserve the fauna, flora, fish, and human consumption in the region. Depending on the time of year, this minimum flow, also known as ecological flow (residual flow), can reach significant values, resulting in the interruption of power generation in these HPPs. This article presents a study case of two hydroelectric power plants located in different Brazilian states. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of implementing auxiliary generator groups that can operate uninterruptedly at different drop heights while ensuring the preservation of residual flow during low flow periods or taking advantage of the overflow flow by spillways during high flow periods. This auxiliary system would use the same set of structures and transmission systems as the main power plant, minimizing environmental impacts and implementation costs, allowing this solution to be implemented in HPPs that face this type of problem in Brazil. The results obtained indicate that HPPs with larger reservoirs have a greater ability to maintain residual flows with minimal generation loss and that run-of-the-river power plants are the most impacted by the maintenance of residual flow. Brazil 65 . (HPPs) cases rivers water RFS. RFS (RFS) fauna flora fish region year , flow) values states plant costs runoftheriver run river 6 (HPPs (RFS

RESUMO Apeiba (Malvaceae, Grewioideae) é um importante componente da flora Neotropical, mas o conhecimento taxonômico das suas espécies é limitado, particularmente na Amazônia. Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir um tratamento taxonômico atualizado das espécies de Apeiba nativas do Brasil, com um especial enfoque nas coleções amazônicas. As espécies de Apeiba são tipicamente árvores com flores amarelas ou alvas e um fruto bastante particular, uma cápsula deiscente, usualmente globosa a ligeiramente achatada, coberta por longas e numerosas cerdas, ou densamente apiculada. Apresentamos descrições sinópticas para cada uma das espécies de Apeiba da Amazônia brasileira, e comentários sobre sinonimizações relevantes e lectótipos designados para três nomes. Também fornecemos uma chave de identificação, uma lista de material examinado e dados de distribuição geográfica, incluindo uma lista de novos registros de ocorrência para alguns estados brasileiros. Ilustrações e notas sobre taxonomia e nomenclatura também são incluídas, quando apropriado. Malvaceae, Malvaceae (Malvaceae Grewioideae Neotropical limitado Brasil amazônicas particular deiscente achatada cerdas apiculada brasileira nomes identificação geográfica brasileiros incluídas apropriado

ABSTRACT Apeiba (Malvaceae, Grewioideae) is an important component of the Neotropical flora, but taxonomic knowledge of its species is limited, particularly within the Amazon region. This study aimed to provide an updated taxonomic treatment of Apeiba native to Brazil, with focus on Amazonian collections. Species of Apeiba are trees with large yellowish-white flowers with a very particular fruit, an indehiscent capsule, usually globose to slightly flattened, covered either by long and numerous bristles, or densely apiculate. We provide synoptic descriptions for each Amazonian Apeiba species from Brazil, and comments on relevant synonyms and designated lectotypes for three names. We also provide an identification key, a list of examined material and distribution data, including a list of new occurrence records for some Brazilian states. Illustrations and notes on taxonomy and nomenclature are also included when appropriate. Malvaceae, Malvaceae (Malvaceae Grewioideae flora limited region Brazil collections yellowishwhite yellowish white fruit capsule flattened bristles apiculate names key data states appropriate

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has infected 630 million people and led to 6.59 million deaths worldwide since its outbreak. To control COVID-19 advance, finding new molecules with potential to inhibit viral spread is pivotal. Papain-like protease (PLpro) is one of the most interesting targets of pharmacological inhibition since it is implicated not only in viral replication but also in modulation of host immune response. Natural products are of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry due to their diverse structure and biological activities. The NuBBEDB (Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products Database) is an excellent source of natural products (NPs) from the Brazilian flora. In this study, we performed virtual screening, molecular dynamics, and binding energy analyses of the NuBBEDB library to target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) papain-like protease (PLpro), the virus’s protease essential for replication. Among the top-ranked molecules, the indole alkaloids raputindoles A, C, and D emerged as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, showing significant interactions with the pivotal Beta-Loop-2 (BL2) region, including the catalytic Y268 residue. Notably, raputindole D displayed enhanced stabilization of the BL2 region, while raputindole C exhibited superior overall stability. These in silico findings suggest that raputindoles, especially D, might offer therapeutic value against COVID-19, laying the groundwork for further experimental evaluations. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 63 659 6 59 6.5 outbreak COVID-1 advance Papainlike Papain like PLpro (PLpro response activities Nuclei Bioassays Database NPs (NPs flora study screening dynamics SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 papainlike papain PLpro, , viruss virus s topranked top ranked A SARS-CoV- inhibitors BetaLoop2 BetaLoop Beta Loop Beta-Loop- BL (BL2 region Y Y26 residue Notably stability COVID19, 19, evaluations COVID1 1 (COVID-1 65 5 6. COVID- (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV Beta-Loop (BL Y2 (COVID- (SARS-CoV (COVID

RESUMO Neea é um dos maiores gêneros de Nyctaginaceae e compreende aproximadamente 80 espécies distribuídas na região neotropical. Aqui, relatamos, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de Neea madeirana no Peru, quase 50 anos depois de ter sido coletada pela primeira vez neste país, mas foi erroneamente identificada como Guapira noxia. Também inserimos N. madeirana na chave de identificação para espécies peruanas de Neea e atualizamos o mapa de distribuição de N. madeirana. Dado que não localizamos nenhum espécime posterior de G. noxia nas coleções peruanas, e os espécimes originais citados como G. noxia correspondem a N. madeirana, sugerimos a exclusão de G. noxia da flora peruana. 8 neotropical Aqui relatamos Peru 5 país N G peruana

ABSTRACT Neea is one of the largest genera of Nyctaginaceae and comprises approximately 80 species distributed in the Neotropical region. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of Neea madeirana in Peru, almost 50 years after it was first collected in this country, but was misidentified as Guapira noxia. We also insert N. madeirana in the identification key for Peruvian species of Neea and update the distribution map of N. madeirana. Given that we have not located any posterior specimen of G. noxia in Peruvian collections, and the original specimens cited as G. noxia correspond to N. madeirana, we suggest the exclusion of G. noxia from the Peruvian flora checklist. 8 region Here Peru 5 country N G collections checklist

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir com o conhecimento das espécies do gênero Protium ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram examinadas coleções depositadas em herbários nacionais e realizadas coletas em campo, além de pesquisas em literaturas especializadas e consultas em exemplares online de herbários internacionais. Foram registradas sete espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentados descrições, ilustrações, comentários, além de informações sobre fenologia, ecologia, conservação e mapas de distribuição das espécies. Janeiro campo internacionais descrições ilustrações comentários fenologia ecologia

Abstract The current study aims to contribute to the knowledge the genus Protium occurring in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Collections deposited in national herbaria were examined and field collections were carried out, in addition to research in specialized literature and consultations in online international herbaria. Seven species were cataloged for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Descriptions, illustrations, comments, as well as information on phenology, ecology, conservation, and distribution maps for all species are presented. Janeiro out Descriptions illustrations comments phenology ecology conservation presented

Resumo Em uma área de ecótono entre a savana e a floresta tropical sazonalmente seca no Nordeste do Brasil, estudamos variações na flora e na estrutura em áreas com estágio de sucessão avançada e em dois locais em sucessão secundária (10 e 25 anos). Amostramos 2.127 árvores e arbustos com um diâmetro ao nível do solo de 3 cm ou mais, excluindo cactos, palmeiras e trepadeiras. A vegetação antiga continha 478 plantas de 29 espécies, o local de 25 anos tinha 819 plantas de 27 espécies, e o local de 10 anos tinha 829 plantas de 25 espécies, totalizando 38 espécies nos locais. Em relação ao estrato regenerante, encontramos 2.776 indivíduos, com maior e menor número de indivíduos para 10 e 25 anos de regeneração, respectivamente. Rarefação e riqueza de Jacknife mostraram maior riqueza de árvores em crescimento antigo, enquanto 10 e 25 anos de sucessão secundária apresentaram estimativas de riqueza semelhantes; além disso, a maior riqueza no estrato regenerante foi observada em 10 anos de sucessão secundária e a menor em crescimento antigo. Nossos resultados revelam que as mudanças na composição são causadas pela substituição de espécies, demonstrando que mesmo em áreas desmatadas para agricultura tradicional, o turnover causa mudanças significativas na composição e resulta na exigência de um longo tempo para restabelecimento, semelhante ao crescimento antigo. Brasil (1 2 anos. . anos) 2127 127 2.12 mais cactos trepadeiras 47 81 1 82 2776 776 2.77 regeneração respectivamente antigo semelhantes disso tradicional restabelecimento ( 212 12 2.1 4 8 277 77 2.7 21 2. 7

Abstract In the savanna-seasonally dry tropical forest ecotone in Northeastern Brazil, we studied variations in flora and structure within old growth and two sites in secondary succession (10 and 25 years). We sampled 2,127 trees and shrubs with a diameter at ground level of 3 cm or more, excluding cacti, palm trees, and vines. Old growth contained 478 plants from 29 species, the 25-year site had 819 plants from 27 species, and the 10-year site had 829 plants from 25 species, totaling 38 species across the sites. Regarding the regenerating stratum, we found 2,776 individuals, with the largest and smallest number of individuals for 10 and 25 years regeneration, respectively. Rarefaction and Jacknife richness showed greater tree richness in old growth, whereas 10 and 25 years regeneration presented similar richness estimates; furthermore, the highest richness in the regenerating stratum was observed in 10 years and the lowest in old growth. Our results reveal that changes in composition are caused by species replacement, demonstrating that even in areas deforested for traditional agriculture, turnover causes significant changes in composition and results in the requirement of a long time for reestablishment, similar to the old growth. savannaseasonally savanna seasonally Brazil (1 2 years. . years) 2127 127 2,12 more cacti vines 47 25year year 81 10year 82 2776 776 2,77 1 respectively estimates furthermore replacement agriculture reestablishment ( 212 12 2,1 4 8 277 77 2,7 21 2, 7

Resumo Fundamento: As complicações cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte em pacientes pediátricos com doença renal crônica (DRC). A avaliação ecocardiográfica da função diastólica na DRC tem se limitado à avaliação espectral por Doppler espectral e por Doppler tecidual, técnicas sabidamente menos confiáveis na pediatria. O strain do átrio esquerdo (AE) pela técnica do speckle tracking bidimensional (2DST) foi recentemente confirmada como uma medida robusta da função diastólica. Objetivos: Investigar o papel do strain do AE na avaliação da função diastólica de crianças em diferentes estágios da DRC. Métodos: De fevereiro de 2019 a julho de 2022, 55 pacientes com DRC sem sintomas cardiovasculares e 55 controles foram avaliados por ecocardiografia convencional e por ecocardiografia com 2DST. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Pacientes e controles tinham idade similares [9,78 (0,89 – 17,54) vs. 10,72 (1,03 –18,44) anos; p = 0,41] e sexo (36M:19F vs. 34M:21F; p = 0,84) similares. Havia 25 pacientes não dialíticos e 30 pacientes dialíticos. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foi ≥ 55% em todos. Em comparação aos controles, os pacientes com DRC apresentaram strain de reservatório mais baixo (48,22±10,62% vs. 58,52±10,70%) e índice de rigidez do AE mais alto [0,14 (0,08–0,48)%-1 vs. 0,11 (0,06–0,23) %-1]; p<0,0001. A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda associou-se com um strain de reservatório mais baixo (42,05±8,74% vs. 52,99±9,52%), e valores mais altos de índice de rigidez [0,23 (0,11 – 0,48)%-1 vs. 0,13 (0,08–0,23) %-1 e de índice de enchimento do AE (2,39±0,63 cm/s x %-1 vs. 1,74±0,47 cm/s x %-1; p<0,0001). Hipertensão não controlada associou-se com strain de reservatório do AE mais baixo (41,9±10,6% vs. 50,6±9,7; p=0,005). Conclusão: O strain do AE mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil na avaliação de pacientes pediátricos com DRC e associado com fatores de risco cardiovasculares conhecidos. Fundamento . (DRC) tecidual pediatria (AE 2DST DST (2DST Objetivos Métodos 201 2022 5 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) Resultados 9,78 978 9 78 [9,7 0,89 089 89 (0,8 17,54 1754 17 54 vs 1072 10 72 10,7 1,03 103 1 03 (1,0 –18,44 1844 18 44 anos 0,41 041 41 36M19F MF 36M 19F M F 34M21F 34M 21F 34M:21F 0,84 084 84 2 3 todos 48,22±10,62% 48221062 48 22 62 (48,22±10,62 58,52±10,70% 58521070 58 52 70 0,14 014 14 [0,1 0,08–0,48%1 0080481 0,08–0,48 % 08 (0,08–0,48)%- 011 11 0,1 0,06–0,23 006023 06 23 (0,06–0,23 %1 %-1] p00001 0001 p<0,0001 associouse associou 42,05±8,74% 4205874 42 8 74 (42,05±8,74 52,99±9,52%, 5299952 52,99±9,52% , 99 52,99±9,52%) 0,23 023 [0,2 (0,1 0,48%1 0481 0,48 0,48)%- 013 13 0,08–0,23 008023 (0,08–0,23 %- 2,39±0,63 239063 39 63 (2,39±0,6 cms cm s 174047 47 1,74±0,4 p<0,0001) 41,9±10,6% 419106 6 (41,9±10,6 50,6±9,7 50697 50 7 p=0,005. p0005 p=0,005 p=0,005) Conclusão mostrouse mostrou conhecidos (DRC 20 202 00 0,0 9,7 97 [9, 0,8 (0, 17,5 175 107 10, 1,0 (1, –18,4 184 4 0,4 04 48,22±10,62 4822106 (48,22±10,6 58,52±10,70 5852107 01 [0, 0,08–0,48% 008048 0,08–0,4 (0,08–0,48)% 0, 0,06–0,2 00602 (0,06–0,2 p0000 000 p<0,000 42,05±8,74 420587 (42,05±8,7 529995 52,99±9,52 0,2 02 0,48% 048 0,48)% 0,08–0,2 00802 (0,08–0,2 2,39±0,6 23906 (2,39±0, 17404 1,74±0, 41,9±10,6 41910 (41,9±10, 50,6±9, 5069 p000 p=0,00 9, [9 (0 17, 1, (1 –18, 48,22±10,6 482210 (48,22±10, 58,52±10,7 585210 [0 00804 0,08–0, (0,08–0,48) 0,06–0, 0060 (0,06–0, p<0,00 42,05±8,7 42058 (42,05±8, 52999 52,99±9,5 0,48) 0080 (0,08–0, 2,39±0, 2390 (2,39±0 1740 1,74±0 41,9±10, 4191 (41,9±10 50,6±9 506 p00 p=0,0 [ ( –18 48,22±10, 48221 (48,22±10 58,52±10, 58521 0,08–0 (0,08–0,48 0,06–0 006 (0,06–0 p<0,0 42,05±8, 4205 (42,05±8 5299 52,99±9, 008 (0,08–0 2,39±0 239 (2,39± 174 1,74± 41,9±10 419 (41,9±1 50,6± p0 p=0, –1 48,22±10 4822 (48,22±1 58,52±10 5852 0,08– (0,08–0,4 0,06– (0,06– p<0, 42,05±8 420 (42,05± 529 52,99±9 (0,08– 2,39± (2,39 1,74 41,9±1 (41,9± 50,6 p=0 48,22±1 482 (48,22± 58,52±1 585 0,08 0,06 (0,06 p<0 42,05± (42,05 52,99± (0,08 2,39 (2,3 1,7 41,9± (41,9 50, p= 48,22± (48,22 58,52± (0,0 p< 42,05 (42,0 52,99 2,3 (2, 41,9 (41, 48,22 (48,2 58,52 42,0 (42, 52,9 2, (2 41, (41 48,2 (48, 58,5 42, (42 52, (4 48, (48 58,

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function in CKD has been limited to spectral and tissue Doppler imaging, known to be less reliable techniques in pediatrics. Two-dimensional Speckle tracking echocardiography (2DST) derived left atrial (LA) strain has recently been confirmed as a robust measure of diastolic function. Objectives: To investigate LA strain role in diastolic assessment of children at different stages of CKD. Methods: From February 2019 to July 2022, 55 CKD patients without cardiovascular symptoms and 55 controls were evaluated by standard and 2DST echocardiograms. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results: Patients and controls had similar age [9.78 (0.89 – 17.54) vs. 10.72 (1.03 –18,44) years; p = 0.41] and gender (36M:19F vs. 34M:21F; p=0.84). There were 25 non-dialysis patients and 30 dialysis patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was ≥ 55% in all of them. Comparing CKD and controls, LA reservoir strain was lower (48.22±10.62% vs. 58.52±10.70%) and LA stiffness index was higher [0.14 (0.08–0.48)%-1 vs. 0.11 (0.06–0.23) %-1]; p<0.0001. LV hypertrophy was associated with lower LA reservoir strain (42.05±8.74% vs. 52.99±9.52%), higher LA stiffness [0.23(0.11 – 0.48)%-1 vs. 0.13 (0.08–0.23) %-1 and filling indexes (2.39±0.63 cm/s x %-1 vs. 1.74±0.47 cm/s x %-1; p<0.0001. Uncontrolled hypertension was associated with lower LA reservoir strain (41.9±10.6% vs. 50.6±9.7; p=0.005). Conclusions: LA strain proved to be a feasible tool in the assessment of pediatric CKD patients and was associated with known cardiovascular risk factors. Background . (CKD) imaging pediatrics Twodimensional Two dimensional DST (2DST (LA Objectives Methods 201 2022 5 echocardiograms p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) Results 9.78 978 9 78 [9.7 0.89 089 89 (0.8 17.54 1754 17 54 vs 1072 10 72 10.7 1.03 103 1 03 (1.0 –18,44 1844 18 44 years 0.41 041 41 36M19F MF 36M 19F M F 34M21F 34M 21F 34M:21F p=0.84. p084 p=0.84 84 p=0.84) 2 nondialysis non 3 them 48.22±10.62% 48221062 48 22 62 (48.22±10.62 58.52±10.70% 58521070 58 52 70 0.14 014 14 [0.1 0.08–0.48%1 0080481 0.08–0.48 % 08 (0.08–0.48)%- 011 11 0.1 0.06–0.23 006023 06 23 (0.06–0.23 %1 %-1] p00001 0001 p<0.0001 42.05±8.74% 4205874 42 8 74 (42.05±8.74 52.99±9.52%, 5299952 52.99±9.52% , 99 52.99±9.52%) 0.230.11 023011 0.23 [0.23(0.1 0.48%1 0481 0.48 0.48)%- 013 13 0.08–0.23 008023 (0.08–0.23 %- 2.39±0.63 239063 39 63 (2.39±0.6 cms cm s 174047 47 1.74±0.4 41.9±10.6% 419106 6 (41.9±10.6 50.6±9.7 50697 50 7 p=0.005. p0005 p=0.005 005 p=0.005) Conclusions factors (CKD 20 202 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 9.7 97 [9. 0.8 (0. 17.5 175 107 10. 1.0 (1. –18,4 184 4 0.4 04 p08 p=0.8 48.22±10.62 4822106 (48.22±10.6 58.52±10.70 5852107 01 [0. 0.08–0.48% 008048 0.08–0.4 (0.08–0.48)% 0. 0.06–0.2 00602 (0.06–0.2 p0000 000 p<0.000 42.05±8.74 420587 (42.05±8.7 529995 52.99±9.52 230 0.230.1 02301 023 0.2 [0.23(0. 0.48% 048 0.48)% 0.08–0.2 00802 (0.08–0.2 2.39±0.6 23906 (2.39±0. 17404 1.74±0. 41.9±10.6 41910 (41.9±10. 50.6±9. 5069 p000 p=0.00 00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 9. [9 (0 17. 1. (1 –18, p=0. 48.22±10.6 482210 (48.22±10. 58.52±10.7 585210 [0 00804 0.08–0. (0.08–0.48) 0.06–0. 0060 (0.06–0. p<0.00 42.05±8.7 42058 (42.05±8. 52999 52.99±9.5 0.230. 0230 02 [0.23(0 0.48) 0080 (0.08–0. 2.39±0. 2390 (2.39±0 1740 1.74±0 41.9±10. 4191 (41.9±10 50.6±9 506 p=0.0 p<0 (p<0. [ ( –18 p=0 48.22±10. 48221 (48.22±10 58.52±10. 58521 0.08–0 (0.08–0.48 0.06–0 006 (0.06–0 42.05±8. 4205 (42.05±8 5299 52.99±9. 0.230 [0.23( 008 (0.08–0 2.39±0 239 (2.39± 174 1.74± 41.9±10 419 (41.9±1 50.6± p< (p<0 –1 p= 48.22±10 4822 (48.22±1 58.52±10 5852 0.08– (0.08–0.4 0.06– (0.06– 42.05±8 420 (42.05± 529 52.99±9 [0.23 (0.08– 2.39± (2.39 1.74 41.9±1 (41.9± 50.6 (p< 48.22±1 482 (48.22± 58.52±1 585 0.08 0.06 (0.06 42.05± (42.05 52.99± [0.2 (0.08 2.39 (2.3 1.7 41.9± (41.9 50. (p 48.22± (48.22 58.52± 0.0 (0.0 42.05 (42.0 52.99 2.3 (2. 41.9 (41. 48.22 (48.2 58.52 42.0 (42. 52.9 2. (2 41. (41 48.2 (48. 58.5 42. (42 52. (4 48. (48 58.

Resumo O presente trabalho descreve as fitofisionomias e inventaria a diversidade florística remanescente da Área de Proteção Ambiental das Brisas, que se localiza no litoral da Baía de Sepetiba, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, possuindo cerca de 101 hectares. Foram identificadas e descritas três fitofisionomias, a saber, Restinga, a mais predominante, a Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas e o Manguezal. Para a Restinga pode-se reconhecer diferentes tipos de vegetação, como a de Praias e Dunas, as situadas sobre Cordões Arenosos, neste caso representadas por Florestas Baixa e Alta de Restinga, e a vegetação associada às depressões, como o Brejo de Restinga e a Floresta Paludosa. O levantamento florístico identificou 311 espécies, distribuídas em 231 gêneros e 86 famílias. As plantas herbáceas representam 29,26% da flora, seguido das trepadeiras (27,75%), arbóreas (27,33%), arbustivas (14,46%) e epífitas (4%). A Restinga abriga 81% da flora, seguida pela Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas (28,30%) e o Manguezal (2,25%). As famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae (38 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (15 spp.), Asteraceae (14 spp.), Sapindaceae (14 spp.) e Malvaceae (13 spp). A área tem baixa similaridade florística com outras áreas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, porém apresenta maior agrupamento com restingas fluminenses. Brisas Sepetiba Janeiro 10 hectares saber predominante podese pode Dunas Arenosos depressões Paludosa 31 espécies 23 8 2926 29 26 29,26 flora 27,75%, 2775 27,75% , 27 75 (27,75%) 27,33%, 2733 27,33% 33 (27,33%) 14,46% 1446 14 46 (14,46% 4%. 4 4% . (4%) 81 28,30% 2830 28 30 (28,30% 2,25%. 225 2,25% 2 25 (2,25%) 38 (3 spp., spp spp. 15 (1 13 spp) fluminenses 1 3 292 29,2 277 27,75 7 (27,75% 273 27,33 (27,33% 14,46 144 (14,46 (4% 28,30 283 (28,30 22 2,25 (2,25% ( 29, 27,7 (27,75 27,3 (27,33 14,4 (14,4 (4 28,3 (28,3 2,2 (2,25 27, (27,7 (27,3 14, (14, 28, (28, 2, (2,2 (27, (28 (2, (27 (2

Abstract The present work describes the phytophysiognomies and inventories the remaining floristic diversity of the Brisas Environmental Protection Area, which is located on the coast of Sepetiba Bay in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, covering approximately 101 hectares. Three phytophysiognomies were identified and described, namely Restinga, the Lowland Dense Ombrophylous Forest and the Mangrove. Different types of vegetation can be recognized for Restinga, such as beaches and dunes, those located on sandy ridges, in this case represented by Low and High Restinga forests, and the vegetation associated with depressions, such as the Swampy Restinga and Swampy forest. The floristic survey identified 311 species, distributed in 231 genera and 86 families. Herbaceous plants represent 29.26% of the flora, followed by vines (27.75%), trees (27.33%), shrubs (14.46%) and epiphytes (4%). Restinga is home to 81% of the flora, followed by the Lowland Dense Ombrophylous Forest (28.30%) and the Mangrove (2.25%). The most representative families were Fabaceae (38 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (15 spp.), Asteraceae (14 spp.) and Sapindaceae (14 spp.). The area has low floristic similarity with other areas of the state of Rio de Janeiro, but it has a greater grouping with restingas from the state of Rio de Janeiro. Area Janeiro Brazil 10 hectares described dunes ridges forests depressions forest 31 species 23 8 2926 29 26 29.26 flora 27.75%, 2775 27.75% , 27 75 (27.75%) 27.33%, 2733 27.33% 33 (27.33%) 14.46% 1446 14 46 (14.46% 4%. 4 4% . (4%) 81 28.30% 2830 28 30 (28.30% 2.25%. 225 2.25% 2 25 (2.25%) 38 (3 spp., spp spp. 15 (1 spp.. 1 3 292 29.2 277 27.75 7 (27.75% 273 27.33 (27.33% 14.46 144 (14.46 (4% 28.30 283 (28.30 22 2.25 (2.25% ( 29. 27.7 (27.75 27.3 (27.33 14.4 (14.4 (4 28.3 (28.3 2.2 (2.25 27. (27.7 (27.3 14. (14. 28. (28. 2. (2.2 (27. (28 (2. (27 (2

Resumo Neste estudo o objetivo foi realizar a análise fitoquímica, determinar a toxicidade, e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana dos extratos da folha da Dipteryx alata Vogel, uma espécie nativa da flora do cerrado brasileiro. Three extracts were prepared using assisted ultrasound and the Soxhlet apparatus, namely, Crude Ultrasound Extract (UCE), Crude Soxhlet Extract (SCE), and the Ethanol Soxhlet Extract (SEE). A análise fitoquímica identificou a presença de flavonoides, taninos, fitoesteróis e saponinas em todos os extratos; alcaloides foram identificados nos extratos SCE e SEE. Na análise using LC-DAD os compostos ácido gálico, rutina, quercetina, luteolina e kampefrol foram determinados em maior concentração no SCE, seguido pelo SEE e UCE, respectivamente. Já a análise by GC-MS revelou a presença de campesterol, estigmasterol e β-sitosterol em todos os extratos, sendo que o UCE e o SCE apresentaram maior concentração de β-sitosterol. O SCE apresentou a maior concentração de todos os compostos identificados. Na análise da atividade antioxidante por DPPH• e ABTS•+, o SEE apresentou maior eficiência (IC50 = 2,98 ± 2,92 e 6,57 ± 0,89 μg/mL, respectivamente). No teste de toxicidade com Allium cepa, todos os extratos estimularam o crescimento radicular na concentração de 50 g/mL; UCE e SEE estimularam o crescimento radicular a 250 g/mL; e o SEE inibiu o crescimento radicular a 750 g/mL. Na análise de toxicidade usando Artemia salina, todos os extratos foram atóxicos. Foi identificada atividade antibacteriana nos microrganismos S. aureus e S. mutans; entretanto, os extratos não apresentaram ação antifúngica contra a cepa de C. albicans. Os extratos da D. alata apresentam potencial terapêutico para aplicabilidade em odontologia. Vogel brasileiro apparatus namely , (UCE) (SCE) . (SEE) flavonoides taninos LCDAD LC DAD gálico rutina quercetina respectivamente GCMS GC MS campesterol βsitosterol β sitosterol βsitosterol. sitosterol. DPPH ABTS ABTS•+ IC50 IC (IC5 298 2 98 2,9 292 92 657 6 57 6,5 089 0 89 0,8 μgmL μg mL μg/mL respectivamente) 5 g/mL gmL g 25 75 salina atóxicos S mutans entretanto C albicans D odontologia (UCE (SCE (SEE ABTS• IC5 (IC 29 9 2, 65 6, 08 8 0, 7

Abstract In this study, our objective was to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical analysis, determine toxicity levels, and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts derived from the leaves of Dipteryx alata Vogel, a native species of the Brazilian cerrado flora. Three distinct extracts were prepared utilizing assisted ultrasound and the Soxhlet apparatus, namely, Ultrasound Crude Extract (UCE), Soxhlet Crude Extract (SCE), and the Soxhlet Ethanol Extract (SEE). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, and saponins in all extracts. Additionally, alkaloids were specifically identified in the SCE and SEE extracts. In the analysis using LC-DAD, the compounds gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and kampefrol were determined in higher concentrations in the SCE, followed by the SEE and UCE, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all extracts, with UCE and SCE showing a higher concentration of β-sitosterol. SCE showed the highest concentration of all identified compounds. In the analysis of antioxidant activity by DPPH• and ABTS•+, SEE showed greater efficiency (IC50 = 2.98 ± 2.92 and 6.57 ± 0.89 μg/mL, respectively). In the toxicity test with Allium cepa, all extracts stimulated root growth at 50 g/mL; UCE and SEE stimulated root growth at 250 g/mL; and SEE inhibited root growth at 750 g/mL. In the Artemia salina toxicity, all extracts were non-toxic. Antibacterial activity was identified in the microorganisms S. aureus and S. mutans; however, the extracts did not show antifungal action against the strain of C. albicans. The extracts of D. alata have therapeutic potential for applicability in dentistry. study levels Vogel flora apparatus namely , (UCE) (SCE) SEE. . (SEE) flavonoids tannins phytosterols Additionally LCDAD, LCDAD LC DAD, DAD LC-DAD acid rutin quercetin respectively GCMS GC MS campesterol βsitosterol β sitosterol βsitosterol. sitosterol. DPPH ABTS ABTS•+ IC50 IC (IC5 298 2 98 2.9 292 92 657 6 57 6.5 089 0 89 0.8 μgmL μg mL μg/mL respectively) cepa 5 g/mL gmL g 25 75 nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic S mutans however C albicans D dentistry (UCE (SCE (SEE ABTS• IC5 (IC 29 9 2. 65 6. 08 8 0. 7

Resumo A fração lignoide (LF) de Ocotea fasciculata, rica em yangambina e seu epímero, epi-yangambina, apresentou atividade promissora contra Leishmania sp. Posteriormente, a LF foi incorporada a uma nanopartícula lipídica sólida (SLN), visando aumentar a eficácia farmacológica e diminuir a toxicidade. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar o potencial citotóxico e toxicogenético de LF e LF-SLN em células de mamíferos in vitro e in vivo. A atividade citotóxica foi avaliada em linhagem celular humana não-tumoral (GM07492A) e o potencial toxicogenético in vitro foi avaliado em linhagem celular de fibroblastos pulmonares de hamster chinês (V79) e em camundongos Swiss. LF-SLN não apresentou efeito citotóxico na maior concentração testada, 5.000 µg/mL, enquanto LF apresentou IC50 equivalente a 1.047 ± 4,50 µg/mL. As frequências de micronúcleos observadas in vitro em células de mamíferos e in vivo tratadas com diferentes concentrações de LF e LF-SLN não diferiram significativamente do grupo controle negativo. Portanto, LF e LF-SLN não apresentaram efeitos genotóxicos e citotóxicos nas condições experimentais utilizadas. Esses resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de um medicamento para o tratamento da leishmaniose, mais eficaz e seguro para a saúde humana. (LF fasciculata epímero epiyangambina, epiyangambina epi yangambina, epi-yangambina sp Posteriormente SLN, SLN , (SLN) toxicidade sentido LFSLN nãotumoral tumoral GM07492A GMA GM (GM07492A V79 V (V79 Swiss testada 5000 5 000 5.00 µgmL µg mL µg/mL IC IC5 1047 1 047 1.04 450 4 50 4,5 negativo Portanto utilizadas leishmaniose (SLN V7 (V7 500 00 5.0 104 04 1.0 45 4, (V 0 5. 10 1.

Abstract The lignoid fraction (LF) of Ocotea fasciculata, which is rich in yangambin and its epimer, epi-yangambin, showed promising activity against Leishmania sp. Subsequently, LF was incorporated into a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) in order to increase its pharmacological efficacy and decrease toxicity. In this regard, the present study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic and toxicogenetic potential of LF and LF-SLN in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in a non-tumor human cell line (GM07492A) and the toxicogenetic potential was assessed in vitro in a Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (V79) and in Swiss mice. LF-SLN showed no cytotoxic effect at the highest concentration tested (5,000 µg/mL), while LF exhibited an IC50 equivalent to 1,047 ± 4.50 µg/mL. The frequencies of micronuclei observed in vitro and in vivo in mammalian cells treated with different concentrations of LF and LF-SLN did not differ significantly from the negative control group. Therefore, LF and LF-SLN did not show genotoxic or cytotoxic effects under the experimental conditions used. These results contribute to the development of a drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis that is more effective and safer for human health. (LF fasciculata epimer epiyangambin, epiyangambin epi yangambin, epi-yangambin sp Subsequently SLN (SLN toxicity regard LFSLN nontumor non tumor GM07492A GMA GM A (GM07492A V79 V (V79 mice 5,000 5000 5 000 (5,00 µg/mL, µgmL µg/mL , µg mL µg/mL) IC IC5 1047 1 047 1,04 450 4 50 4.5 group Therefore used health V7 (V7 5,00 500 00 (5,0 104 04 1,0 45 4. (V 5,0 0 (5, 10 1, 5, (5 (

ABSTRACT The Serra da Bodoquena National Park is an important protected area that promotes the conservation of a threatened ecosystem, the Dry Forest. It comprises two major fragments of predominantly Seasonally Dry Forest vegetation. The two fragments are under different protection schemes because they are considered different biomes. The southern fragment is considered part of the Atlantic Forest biome, and is thus protected by the Atlantic Forest Law, while the northern one is considered part of the Cerrado biome and is protected by the Native Vegetation Protection Law of Brazil (2012). This difference affects management and threatens the conservation of the National Park. The Native Vegetation Protection Law is more permissive, thus increasing the conflicts between the park and surroundings in the northern fragment. We used floristic composition to provide a more accurate definition for the two fragments with regard to their phytogeographical domain. Our results identified high floristic similarity between the fragments, indicating the same vegetation type for both. Among the 202 plant species identified in this study, 76% belong to the Atlantic Forest biome. This relatively high proportion indicates that the predominant vegetation and species composition of the National Park is typical of the Atlantic Forest. The occurrence of fragments of the Atlantic Forest, with a representative number of species of its flora outside the area of application of the law of the Atlantic Forest, defined by Decree No. 6.660 / 2008, indicates the need to elaborate or adapt the law to protect these fragments. ecosystem biomes 2012. 2012 . (2012) permissive domain both 20 study 76 No 6660 6 660 6.66 2008 201 (2012 2 7 666 66 6.6 200 (201 6. (20 (2 (

Resumo Este estudo apresenta a sinopse de Orchidaceae no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (ParNa Iguaçu), um dos maiores remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica no estado do Paraná. Orchidaceae é representada na área por 65 espécies, distribuídas em 41 gêneros, sendo os mais representativos Gomesa (sete spp.) e Acianthera (seis spp.). Representantes de três subfamílias estão presentes: Vanilloideae (duas spp.), Orchidoideae (12 spp.) e Epidendroideae (51 spp.) que, como esperado, apresenta maior riqueza (78% do total). Entre as espécies encontradas, cinco são consideradas endêmicas do Brasil, 23 são endêmicas da Floresta Atlântica (36%) e uma é endêmica do Paraná. Foram encontrados 31 novos registros para a área. As áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) tiveram 29 espécies exclusivas, as de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) tiveram 20, enquanto 16 espécies ocorreram em ambas fitofisionomias. Nova ocorrência foi registrada para FOM. Com relação ao hábito, espécies exclusivamente epífitas foram as mais representativas (39 spp.), seguidas de exclusivamente terrícolas (15 spp.), duas trepadeiras e uma micoheterotrófica. Entre as famílias já inventariadas no ParNa Iguaçu, Orchidaceae está entre as mais ricas e os achados no presente estudo reforçam a importância de estudos florísticos para catalogação da flora local. , Iguaçu) Paraná 6 4 gêneros sete spp. spp seis spp.. . presentes spp., 12 (1 51 (5 que esperado 78% 78 (78 total. total total) encontradas Brasil 2 36% 36 (36% 3 FOM (FOM exclusivas FES (FES 20 1 fitofisionomias hábito 39 (3 15 micoheterotrófica local ( 5 7 (7 (36

Abstract This study presents a synopsis of the Orchidaceae species in Iguaçu National Park (ParNa Iguaçu), one of the largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Paraná. Orchidaceae is represented in the area by 65 species, distributed in 41 genera, the most representative being Gomesa (7 spp.) and Acianthera (6 spp.). Representatives of three subfamilies are present: Vanilloideae (2 spp.), Orchidoideae (12 spp.) and Epidendroideae (51 spp.) which, as expected, presents the greatest richness (78% of the total). Among the species found, five are considered endemic to Brazil, 23 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest (36%) and one is endemic to Paraná. Thirty-one new records were found for the area. The areas of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) had 29 exclusive species, the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (SSF) had 20, while 16 species occur in both phytophysiognomies. A new occurrence was recorded for MOF. Regarding habit, exclusively epiphytic was the most representative (39 spp.), followed by exclusively terricolous (15 spp.), two vines and one mycoheterotrophic species. Among the families already inventoried in ParNa Iguaçu, Orchidaceae is among the richest and the findings of the present study reinforce the importance of floristic studies for cataloging the local flora. , Iguaçu) Paraná 6 4 genera 7 ( spp. spp spp.. . 2 spp., 12 (1 51 (5 which expected 78% 78 (78 total. total total) Brazil 36% 36 (36% Thirtyone Thirty MOF (MOF SSF (SSF 20 1 phytophysiognomies habit 39 (3 15 flora 5 3 (36

Resumo Apresentamos uma chave para a identificação e uma lista com detalhes das licófitas e samambaias da Região Geográfica Imediata de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, que possui características ecotonais da Floresta Amazônica, Cerrado e Vegetação Litorânea. Os dados foram coletados mensalmente entre abril de 2020 e setembro de 2022 nos 13 municípios dessa região. Foram identificadas 64 espécies, incluindo 61 espécies de samambaias, em 18 famílias e 38 gêneros, e três espécies de licófitas, em dois gêneros e uma família. As famílias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae (18 espécies) e Polypodiaceae (nove espécies). O substrato de ocorrência mais registrado foi o terrestre com 35 espécies (54,6%), seguido do epifítico com 15 espécies (23,4%), aquático com quatro espécies (6,2%), rupícola com três espécies (4,6%) e hemiepifítico com duas espécies (3,1%). Cinco espécies (7,8%) apresentaram mais de uma forma de vida. Este estudo amplia o conhecimento sobre a distribuição geográfica de espécies de samambaias e licófitas na região central do norte do Maranhão, no Nordeste do Brasil, que até então possuía várias lacunas de amostragem. O Maranhão possui uma diversidade ainda pouco relatada e conhecida em comparação com outros estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Portanto, levantamentos florísticos são essenciais para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a flora, principalmente em áreas sob pressão antrópica e locais com poucas coletas, como as áreas ecotonais do Maranhão. Luís Amazônica Litorânea 202 1 6 3 família (1 nove espécies. . 54,6%, 546 54,6% , 54 (54,6%) 23,4%, 234 23,4% 23 4 (23,4%) 6,2%, 62 6,2% 2 (6,2%) 4,6% 46 (4,6% 3,1%. 31 3,1% (3,1%) 7,8% 78 7 8 (7,8% vida Brasil amostragem Portanto flora coletas 20 ( 54,6 5 (54,6% 23,4 (23,4% 6,2 (6,2% 4,6 (4,6 3,1 (3,1% 7,8 (7,8 54, (54,6 23, (23,4 6, (6,2 4, (4, 3, (3,1 7, (7, (54, (23, (6, (4 (3, (7 (54 (23 (6 (3 (5 (2

Abstract We present a key to identify and an annotated list of lycophytes and ferns of the Immediate Geographical Region of São Luís, Maranhão State, which has ecotonal characteristics of Amazonian Forest, Cerrado, and Coastal Vegetation. Specimens were collected monthly between April 2020 and September 2022 in the 13 municipalities of this region. A total of 64 species were identified, including 61 species of ferns, in 18 families and 38 genera, and three species of lycophytes, in two genera and one family. The most representative families were Pteridaceae (18 species) and Polypodiaceae (nine species). The most recorded substrate of occurrence was terrestrial with 35 species (54.6%), followed by epiphytic with 15 species (23.4%), aquatic with four species (6.2%), rupicolous with three species (4.6%), and hemiepiphytic with two species (3.1%). Five species (7.8%) had more than one life form. This study expands the knowledge about the geographic distribution of fern and lycophyte species in the central region of Northern Maranhão, in Northeastern Brazil, which until now had several sampling gaps. Maranhão has a diversity that is still poorly reported and known compared to other states in South and Southeast Brazil. Therefore, floristic surveys are essential to increase what is known about the flora, especially in areas under anthropic pressure and places with few collections, such as the ecotonal areas in Maranhão. Luís State Forest Cerrado Vegetation 202 1 6 identified 3 family (1 nine species. . 54.6%, 546 54.6% , 54 (54.6%) 23.4%, 234 23.4% 23 4 (23.4%) 6.2%, 62 6.2% 2 (6.2%) 4.6%, 46 4.6% (4.6%) 3.1%. 31 3.1% (3.1%) 7.8% 78 7 8 (7.8% form Brazil gaps Therefore flora collections 20 ( 54.6 5 (54.6% 23.4 (23.4% 6.2 (6.2% 4.6 (4.6% 3.1 (3.1% 7.8 (7.8 54. (54.6 23. (23.4 6. (6.2 4. (4.6 3. (3.1 7. (7. (54. (23. (6. (4. (3. (7 (54 (23 (6 (4 (3 (5 (2